ALBERT

Beschreibung: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken during the R/V Robert Conrad 9 Expedition from October 1964 until September 1965 by the Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University. An approximate total of 350 cores, dredges and camera stations were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Beschreibung: Analyses for Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Co, P, Mo, Ba, Sr, Ti, Li, Rb, Na, K, Be, Cr, V, Y, Ag, Cu, C, S, Sn, Ni, Ga, Zr, and La have been carried out on some oxidate crusts, oxidized surface muds, reduced subsurface muds, and glacial clays collected in Windermere and Esthwaite Water in the English Lake District. The relatively organic lake muds exhibit the highest concentrations of C, S, Cu, Sn, and Ni. Many of the oxidate crusts exhibit strong enrichment in Mn, Fe, Ba, Sr, Pb, and Zn. Ti, Li, Rb, Co, P, and Mo are also enriched in some crusts. S, Sn, and Ni reach their highest levels in the reducing subsurface muds, but Mn, and to a lesser extent Fe and Mo, are higher in the oxidized than in the reduced muds. Relations between the elements in the various sediments are examined, and the English oxidate crusts are compared with lake and stream ores in Sweden and Finland, and with marine manganese nodules. These marine nodules are frequently enriched in Cu, Ni, Co, Mo, V, Ag, and Sn to a far higher degree than the freshwater ferromanganese concretions. Some freshwater crusts exhibit enrichments in Pb, Zn, and Ba of the same order as those observed in marine manganese nodules.

Beschreibung: L\xe2\x80\x99A. d\xc3\xa9crit ou cite 47 esp\xc3\xa8ces de Poissons characo\xc3\xafdes r\xc3\xa9cemment r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9s par M. H. P. Pijpers au Surinam.\nQuatre formes nouvelles pour la science sont d\xc3\xa9crites: Moenkhausia surinamensis, Moenkhausia georgiae, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides et Curimatus esperanzae pijpersi; deux autres avaient \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa9crites dans des notes ant\xc3\xa9rieures: Hemibrycon surinamensis et Hyphessobrycon georgettae; deux enfin sont signal\xc3\xa9es comme \xc3\xa9tant des formes nouvelles qui seront nomm\xc3\xa9es \xc3\xa0 partir d\xe2\x80\x99un mat\xc3\xa9riel plus abondant: elles appartiennent respectivement aux genres Myleus et Hemiodopsis (Hemiodus auct.).\nHemigrammus lunatus, Jobertina eleotrioides et Parodon guyanensis sont nouveaux pour la faune du Surinam.\nLa synonymie Hemigrammus orthus = Hyphessobrycon bellotti est sugg\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xa9e.\nDes cl\xc3\xa9s de d\xc3\xa9termination sont propos\xc3\xa9es pour les groupes suivants: groupe doceana du genre Moenkhausia, esp\xc3\xa8ces des Guyanes du genre Creatochanes, Stethaprionidi et ssp. de Poptella orbicularis.\nCertains sujets sont plus particuli\xc3\xa8rement discut\xc3\xa9s: valeur taxonomique et \xc3\xa9volution de la ligne lat\xc3\xa9rale, ssp. de Moenkhausia lepidura et de Poptella orbicularis, biom\xc3\xa9trie et \xc3\xa9cotaxonomie de Gasteropelecus sternicla et de Carnegiella strigata, et revue du sous-genre Hemiodopsis.

Beschreibung: 1. In Whales variations in the thickness of the baleen plates are supposed to give an insight into certain cyclical processes in the life of the animal. To a certain extent, by means of these variations, it is possible to reach conclusions about the age of the animal and/or about its recent period of life.\nIn order to get a better insight in the significance of the variations in thickness of the baleen plate, researches are made in the histogenesis of the baleen plate of Fin Whales and Blue Whales, caught in the Antarctic waters. The variations in thickness are caused by variations in thickness of the cortex of the baleen plate. 2. The \xe2\x80\x9croot\xe2\x80\x9d of the baleen plate consists of the following parts: the corium wall, the epithelium that covers the corium wall, the cortex and the epithelium of the gum. 3. In the epithelium of the gum arched bands of varying width are visible. These bands run into the outer layer of the cortex. There is a correlation between the width of these bands and the height of the thickenings of the cortex, in which they end. These bands are not present in the epithelium that covers the corium wall. In both epithelia corium papillae are found. On the top of each papilla a row of spherical cells is formed. In the epithelium that covers the corium wall these rows of spherical cells all run into the cortex and there they cannot be distinguished from the surrounding cornified material. This is also correct for the very few rows of spherical cells originating from the corium papillae near the base of the corium wall. These rows run into the first band of flattened cells of the gum. They become flattened with the cells of the stratum spinosum of the gum in this band, forming the very first layer of the cortex. The other rows of spherical cells in the gum, even those immediately adjacent to the cortex, all run parallel to each other and to the outer surface of the cortex. They never run into the cortex. This shows clearly that the cell material of the gum forms the first and outer layer of the cortex of a baleen plate near the base of the corium wall. Cell material of the gum is not added to the cortex in any other place. 4. The cortex of a baleen plate is formed by two epithelia, the epithelium of the gum and the epithelium that covers the corium wall. Variations in the thickness of the cortex and consequently of the baleen plate, which are visible as peaks and hollows in the record, are only formed by variations in the addition of material by the epithelium of the gum. 5. One of the functions of the epithelium that covers the corium wall is that it serves as a layer by which the cortex slides from the corium wall. The long range and gradual increase in thickness of the baleen plate, and consequently also of the cortex, is mainly a result of the addition of material to the inner side of the cortex by this epithelium. 6. It is shown that the peaks and hollows are instantaneous formations, resulting from increased mitotic activity in the epithelium of the gum. These extra thickenings are only formed at a special point at the very first origin of the cortex. So the \xe2\x80\x9cgrowth periods\xe2\x80\x9d in which the records of baleen plates can be divided, by means of the \xe2\x80\x9cregular\xe2\x80\x9d occurrence of peaks and hollows, are conclusive in age determination. 7. The variations in thickness of the cortical layer of the baleen plate visible as peaks in the records, are probably caused by changes in the physiological balance of the Fin Whale. These changes are of comparatively short duration. They may e.g. be caused by the mitotic stimulating activity of hormones, produced by the ovaries during ovulation. Owing to such a stimulus more material is added to both sides of the cortex. This is visible as a thickening only on the outer surface because here all the extra material is added at one point, whereas to the inner side of the cortex material is added along the whole length. 8. The cells of the stratum spinosum in the \xe2\x80\x9croot\xe2\x80\x9d of the baleen plate maintain their mutual contact in the desmosomes. These structures are always visible in all microscopic sections of the various parts of this stratum. 9. The coarse tonofibrils run through the cells from the desmosomes in one part of the cell wall to the desmosomes in another, mostly opposite, part. 10. The tonofibrils are not present in all cells of the stratum spinosum of the gum and nowhere in the stratum spinosum of the epithelium between the corium wall and the cortex. 11. The presence of tonofibrils in the stratum spinosum of the gum of the Fin Whale and the Blue Whale is most probably caused by shrinkage of the cells, e.g. under the influence of the fixing fluid. The main direction of this shrinkage of the cells and the direction in which the tonofibrils run, is determined by forces that work on the cells in the epithelium, caused by mitotic activity.

Beschreibung: INTRODUCTION\nThe genus Metrocoris Mayr comprises a small, distinct group of waterstriders, mainly inhabiting the Old World tropics. They are to be found on the surface of mountain streams and pools in the jungle. In general they are apterous, but in most species a small percentage of the individuals may have fully developed wings.\nThe species have been little collected and are generally rare in collections.\nThe specimens in early collections are often either single females with eggs, or one male and one female \xe2\x80\x94 generally with copulatory organs still partly extended \xe2\x80\x94 which fact may suggest that it is very difficult to catch specimens, except when they are less quick or attentive.\nAn extensive description of the genus was given by Matsuda (1960: 302-304). Keys to the genus are to be found in the paper by Kenaga (1941: 170) and that by Hungerford & Matsuda (1960b: 7).\nWhen studying the material of these insects in the Leiden Museum, I found that the structures of the male genitalia supply useful characters for distinguishing between the species. Within the species these organs appear to be constant.\nDissections were made by clearing the posterior abdominal segments in KOH (10%) for approximately 12 hours. The dissections were mounted in "terebinthina laricina" on glass slides of 9 by 14 mm, which were then fastened on the same pin as the specimen. This has the great advantage of keeping specimen and dissection together.\nIt soon became evident that this study would be impossible without the examination of the material preserved in other museums. Upon my request

Beschreibung: The hyphal elements in the hymenium of the mature ascocarp do not provide a reliable means of distinguishing an ascohymenial ascocarp from an ascostroma. The nature of these hyphal elements is determined by neither their shape nor their tips but solely by their origin. Furthermore, since it has not yet been proved that there is any relation between the structure of the ascus and the type of development of the ascocarp, the kind of ascus is of relatively little value as a means of determining the developmental type of the ascocarp. Moreover, it is often practically impossible to decide whether an ascus is bitunicate or not. The author does not know of any other feature that is a reliable indicator of the true nature of the ascocarp. Therefore, he sees no other means of determining the group to which the ascocarp is to be referred except to study its mode of development.

Beschreibung: Plasmodiophora diplantherae (F. & W.) Iv. Cook is a specific parasite on species of the sea-grass genus Halodule. It had been recorded only from its type locality in the West Indies, but from a recent study of extensive herbarium material it has proved to be a widely distributed pantropic species.

Beschreibung: The generic name Pellicularia Cooke is rejected as a nomen confusum. Genera and species commonly associated with Pellicularia\xe2\x80\x99 are reviewed. Koleroga Donk is regarded as a synonym of Ceratobasidium Rogers. Two new combinations are made: Oliveonia atrata (Bres.) comb. nov. and Thanatephorus sterigmaticus (Bourd.) comb. nov.\nThe genera dealt with are divided among the Tulasnellaceae and the Corticiaceae, the family Ceratobasidiaceae being regarded as superfluous. The subclasses Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes are not recognised, as it is impossible to suggest characters by which they may consistently be delimited. The characters normally used for delimiting these subclasses are, however, still regarded as of great importance for separating lower taxonomic categories.\nGeneric diagnoses, keys to species and nomenclators of species are provided.

Beschreibung: A list of new localities of rare and interesting species found in the Netherlands mainly during 1964.