ALBERT

Description: The following account of the non-marine Mollusca of the Island of Sumatra, the second largest of the Greater Sunda Islands (surface 440.000 km2) is based on the following collections: 1. Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, including the material collected by Prof. Max Weber, Dr. L. P. de Bussy, Jhr. Dr. F. C. van Heurn, Prof. J. C. van der Meer Mohr, Dr. E. Jacobson, and many others. 2. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. 3. Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor (Java). 4. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basle (Switzerland). 5. Zoologisches Museum, Z\xc3\xbcrich (Switzerland). 6. Mus\xc3\xa9um d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (Switzerland). 7. Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main (Germany). 8. Mr. J. P. van Niel, who lived in Sumatra from 1951 to 1956 and made great efforts to collect molluscs in his leisure time. This material has been presented to the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. 9. Various private cabinet owners in the Netherlands and one in Switzerland who received their material from relations overseas.\nIn the list of localities these collections will be referred to by the following symbols: ZMA Zoological Museum, Amsterdam RMNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden MBo Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor MBa Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel MZh Zoologisches Museum, Z\xc3\xbcrich MGv Museum d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Geneva SMF Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt Nl Mr. J. P. van Niel Br Mr. A. C. van Bruggen, Leiden Bt Mr. L. J. M. Butot, Haarlem By Dr. P. Bohny, Basle Dr Mr. J. Drijver, Wageningen Ls Dr. F. E. Loosjes, Wageningen Nb Mr. W. H. Neuteboom, Heemskerk Sl Mr. L. van der Slik, Rotterdam Vm Mr. L. A. W. C. Venmans, Moergestel

Description: Am 5. August 1956 traf von Dr. H. Kern auf dem Schiffswege aus Djakarta eine erwachsene Netzschlange, Python reticulatus Schn., von 6.40 m L\xc3\xa4nge im Tierpark Berlin ein. In ihre Kiste hatte man f\xc3\xbcr den etwa vier Wochen dauernden Schiffstransport ein lebendes Huhn (gro\xc3\x9fer Malaiischer K\xc3\xa4mpfer) hineingesetzt, das unterwegs gefressen wurde. Reste davon \xe2\x80\x94 darunter ein Fu\xc3\x9f \xe2\x80\x94 wurden dann unvollkommen verdaut wieder erbrochen. Nach der Ankunft in Berlin brachten wir die Riesenschlange zun\xc3\xa4chst provisorisch in einem kleinen Terrarium unter. Dort nahm sie zwei mittelgro\xc3\x9fe Meerschweinchen zu sich. Mittlerweile war ein gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ferer Beh\xc3\xa4lter f\xc3\xbcr das Tier fertiggestellt worden, in den die inzwischen durch die W\xc3\xa4rme der Schlangenfarm munterer gewordene Schlange umgesetzt wurde. Hier verweigerte die Schlange in der Folge jede weitere Nahrung. Es zeigte sich nunmehr \xe2\x80\x94 4 m distal von der Schnauzenspitze \xe2\x80\x94 eine abgetreppte Verschiebung (Abb. 1) der Wirbels\xc3\xa4ule, die auf einen Bruch des R\xc3\xbcckgrates schlie\xc3\x9fen lie\xc3\x9f. Die Schlange magerte in den folgenden Wochen erheblich ab, und der Bruch trat endlich so stark in Erscheinung, da\xc3\x9f der Python nicht mehr ausgestellt werden konnte. W\xc3\xa4hrend die Schlange in der ersten Zeit noch sehr aggressiv war und der vor dem Bruch liegende K\xc3\xb6rperteil immer noch hoch aufgerichtet wurde, ergriff in zunehmendem Ma\xc3\x9fe immer gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9fere Apathie das Tier, bis es schlie\xc3\x9flich v\xc3\xb6llig teilnahmslos herumlag. Innerhalb von vier Monaten erfolgten drei H\xc3\xa4utungen. Hinter dem Bruch schwoll der v\xc3\xb6llig gel\xc3\xa4hmte K\xc3\xb6rperabschnitt bis zum After stark an (Abb. 2). Der Schwanz blieb von der Schwellung unber\xc3\xbchrt. Der K\xc3\xb6rperumfang vor dem Bruch betrug 35 cm, hinter ihm 56 cm. Die Haut des aufgetriebenen K\xc3\xb6rperteiles war sehr m\xc3\xbcrbe und n\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9fte an verschiedenen Stellen. Am 30. November 1956 starb die Netzschlange. Der angeschwollene Teil ging nach dem Tode der Schlange sofort in F\xc3\xa4ulnis \xc3\xbcber. Im Enddarm fand sich eine riesige Menge von Harns\xc3\xa4urekristallen gespeichert, obwohl w\xc3\xa4hrend der Krankheit des Tieres wiederholt gro\xc3\x9fe Portionen von Kot manuell aus der Kloake geholt worden waren.\nDr. G. BEUTEL (Berlin-Lichtenberg) \xc3\xbcbernahm freundlicherweise das R\xc3\xb6ntgen und die entsprechende Deutung. Es stellte sich \xe2\x80\x94 wie vermutet \xe2\x80\x94 tats\xc3\xa4chlich ein Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulenbruch heraus. Der betreffende Wirbel ist stark destruiert. Hier macht die Wirbels\xc3\xa4ule einen nach rechts gerichteten Knick (Abb. 4), und beim Seitenbild erkennt man au\xc3\x9ferdem eine Versetzung der beiden Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulenabschnitte in dorsoventraler Richtung um fast die volle Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulendicke (Abb. 5). Wolkige Schattenbildungen an diesem Abschnitt d\xc3\xbcrften Callus sein. Auf der Seitenaufnahme sieht man weiterhin multiple alte und frische Rippenfrakturen, von denen die letzteren durch kr\xc3\xa4ftigen Callus bereits \xc3\xbcberbr\xc3\xbcckt werden. In H\xc3\xb6he des destruierten Wirbels sind links mehrere Rippen zu sehen, die z.T. etwas aufgetrieben sind und zentrale Aufhellungen mit exzentrischer Verd\xc3\xbcnnung der Compacta aufweisen. Hierbei d\xc3\xbcrfte es sich um Enchondrome handeln. Soweit die Tatsachen und die Befunde.

Description: At the Royal Zoological Gardens \xe2\x80\x9cBlijdorp\xe2\x80\x9d at Rotterdam May 6th 1958 a Father David\xe2\x80\x99s Deer gave birth to a female calf. It was the first young of this three year old doe.\nDuring the days before the day of birth the doe was seen several times leaping upon the buck. Experience with other Ungulates has taught that such behaviour may be regarded as an indication that the time of delivery is approaching. On the day of birth the doe refused her food as has been observed in many other mammals. She lay down very often, gnashed her molar teeth and made movements with her head towards the belly and the udder, the ears flattened to the neck, as if she was suffering from cramps. One had the impression, however, that the expulsion of the young was kept back until the keeper went home and the door of the stable was closed. Apparently a great number of mammals prefer to give birth to their young in the quietest part of the space of 24 hours. For most mammals this is the evening or the night, but bats very frequently give birth during the day which is their time of rest (SLIJPER, 1959). A postponement of birth until all is quiet has frequently been observed in zoological gardens. In natural surroundings the Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida Schreb.) and other Seals are said to be able to postpone birth as long as 10 days if the weather is very bad (KRUMBIEGEL, 1947).

Description: 1. Extensors and flexors trochanteris of the second thoracic leg of Periplaneta americana were investigated physiologically and toxicologically. 2. The movements of the separate muscles were recorded with the aid of a special myographic technique. 3. Nerve muscle preparations of a completely fast and a nearly completely slow function type could be studied in this way. Some muscles represent a form in which both function types occur, probably mixed. When analysed, ryanodine appeared to be a valuable expedient. In some types of nerve muscle preparations inhibition could be demonstrated. 4. Linking up with what is known, it is reasonably certain that the action of high dosages of DDT actually takes place on motor axons or myoneural junctions and not on the muscle fibre itself. Not all of the different nerve muscle preparations seemed to be of the same sensitivity to this poison. 5. \xce\xb3-HCH appears to have a very slight influence on the function of the different types of isolated nerve muscle preparations. However, because of the intense motor activity the muscles become greatly fatigued.

Description: CONTENTS\nA. Introduction.................. 1\nB. History of Suriname Carcinology............ 4\nI. Popular literature............... 4\nII. Scientific literature............... 11\nIII. Economic literature............... 17\nIV. Collectors................. 17\nV. Expeditions................. 34\nC. Occurrence of Decapoda in Suriname.......... 41\nD. Economic Importance of Suriname Decapoda......... 43\nE. Enemies of Suriname Decapoda............. 44\nF. Vernacular Names................ 47\nG. Notes on the Species............... 49\na. Macrura.................. 49\nb. Anomura.................. 130\nc. Brachyura.................. 162\nH. Literature cited................. 277\nA.\nINTRODUCTION\nThe decapod fauna of the three Guianas (British, Dutch, and French) is very poorly known. A few scattered notes exist which deal with the crabs and shrimps of the region, but no comprehensive account of the Decapoda of any of the three countries has ever been published apart from Young\'s (1900) "The stalk-eyed Crustacea of British Guiana, West Indies and Bermuda", which, however, also covers the West Indian Islands and Bermuda (including the deep-water species), and furthermore is incomplete.

Description: A new species of Septobasidium is described, in relation with which the position of the genus Uredinella is discussed.

Description: A revision is given of the genera Auriscalpium, Hericium, Hydnum, and Sistotrema.\nHydnum heimii is described as a new species.

Description: Description et figures de Hydnellum auratile, combinaison nouvelle pour une esp\xc3\xa8ce longtemps oubli\xc3\xa9e, comparaison avec deux autres esp\xc3\xa8ces du m\xc3\xaame groupe et cl\xc3\xa9 de d\xc3\xa9termination.

Description: The author regards the Cyphellaceae as an artificial family. He redefines it for practical purposes, suggesting the gradual removal of those elements that show relationship with other groups; several elements are referable to the Corticiaceae or the agarics. A list of the \xe2\x80\x98cyphellaceous\xe2\x80\x99 generic names tentatively included is given. The genera to be excluded from the family as defined are briefly discussed. The same applies to a long series of specific names that had or have been included. A historic chapter reviews some important developments in regard with some of the older genera, Solenia, Cyphella, Aleurodiscus, as well as the rise of the family. Some species are transferred to Aleurodiscus Rab. ex J. Schroet.; Cytidia Qu\xc3\xa9l. is redefined and Auriculariopsis Maire excluded from it. Other genera reviewed and redefined are Stromatoscypha Donk [Porotheleum (Fr. per Fr.) Fr.], Chromocyphella De Toni & Levi Phaeocyphella Pat.], and Lachnella Fr. Two new monotypic genera are introduced, Cellypha Donk and Pellidiscus Donk. One or more species of the redefined and new genera are discussed. The name Mycena sect. Hirsutae (K\xc3\xbchner) ex Donk is validly published. Several specific names are reduced to the synonymy of other species for the first time. Several types of names published by Persoon and by von Albertini & von Schweinitz were studied. New combinations are made under Hymenochaete L\xc3\xa9v. (1), Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. (1), Aleurodiscus (2), Cellypha (1), Pellidiscus (1), Chromocyphella (1).