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  • Springer International Publishing
  • 2020-2024  (112)
  • 2021  (84)
  • 2020  (28)
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  • 1
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    Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 3) (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This third and last open access volume in the series takes the perspective of non-EU countries on immigrant social protection. By focusing on 12 of the largest sending countries to the EU, the book tackles the issue of the multiple areas of sending state intervention towards migrant populations. Two “mirroring” chapters are dedicated to each of the 12 non-EU states analysed (Argentina, China, Ecuador, India, Lebanon, Morocco, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey). One chapter focuses on access to social benefits across five core policy areas (health care, unemployment, old-age pensions, family benefits, guaranteed minimum resources) by discussing the social protection policies that non-EU countries offer to national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. The second chapter examines the role of key actors (consulates, diaspora institutions and home country ministries and agencies) through which non-EU sending countries respond to the needs of nationals abroad. The volume additionally includes two chapters focusing on the peculiar case of the United Kingdom after the Brexit referendum. Overall, this volume contributes to ongoing debates on migration and the welfare state in Europe by showing how non-EU sending states continue to play a role in third country nationals’ ability to deal with social risks. As such this book is a valuable read to researchers, policy makers, government employees and NGO’s.
    Keywords: Social Sciences, general ; Microeconomics ; Social Policy ; Sociology of Migration ; Open access ; Non-EU countries ; Immigrant social protection ; Migrant populations ; Argentina, China, Ecuador, India ; Lebanon, Morocco, Russia ; Senegal, Serbia, Switzerland ; Tunisia, Turkey ; Health care ; Unemployment ; Old-age pensions ; Guaranteed minimum resources ; Family benefits ; Migration and integration ; Sending states ; Society & Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Political economy ; Social & ethical issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCC Microeconomics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics ; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra ; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Physics, general ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties ; History of Physics and Astronomy ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Physics and Astronomy ; Open Access ; Molecular Beam History ; Precision Measurements ; Femto- and Atto-science ; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ; Droplet Beams ; Molecular Beam Applications ; Matter Wave Interferometry ; Ultracold Atoms ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Nuclear physics ; Theoretical & mathematical astronomy ; History of science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes papers from the 5 research workshops, the poster presentations, as well as two panel discussions which were presented at XP 2021, the 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, which was held online during June 14-18, 2021. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. The 18 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from overall 37 submissions. They stem from the following workshops: 3rd International Workshop on Agile Transformation 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Agile Development 1st International Workshop on Agile Sustainability 4th International Workshop on Software-Intensive Business 2nd International Workshop on Agility with Microservices Programming
    Keywords: open access ; Agile software development ; Extreme programming ; SaaS - Software as a Service ; Software maintenance ; Software platforms ; Software management ; Software development techniques ; Microservices ; XP ; Hackathons ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems
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  • 4
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    Rethinking Sustainability Towards a Regenerative Economy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book is based on work from the COST Action “RESTORE - REthinking Sustainability TOwards a Regenerative Economy'', and highlights how sustainability in buildings, facilities and urban governance is crucial for a future that is socially just, ecologically restorative, and economically viable, for Europe and the whole planet. In light of the search for fair solutions to the climate crisis, the authors outline the urgency for the built environment sector to implement adaptation and mitigation strategies, as well as a just transition. As shown in the chapters, this can be done by applying a broader framework that enriches places, people, ecology, culture, and climate, at the core of the design task - with a particular emphasis on the benefits towards health and resilient business practices. This book is one step on the way to a paradigm shift towards restorative sustainability for new and existing buildings. The authors want to promote forward thinking and multidisciplinary knowledge, leading to solutions that celebrate the richness of design creativity. In this vision, cities of the future will enhance users’ experience, health and wellbeing inside and outside of buildings, while reconciling anthropic ecosystems and nature. A valuable resource for scientists and students in environmental sciences and architecture, as well as policy makers, practitioners and investors in urban and regional development.
    Keywords: Urban Ecology ; Environment, general ; Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings ; Environmental Sciences ; Biophilic Design ; Built Environment ; Climate Change ; Evidence-based Design ; Green Roofs ; Green Economy ; Open Access ; Regenerative Design ; SDG 11 ; Sustainable Architecture ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Cities and Communities ; Urban Climate ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Urban & municipal planning ; The environment ; Environmentally-friendly (‘green’) architecture & design ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design::AMCR Environmentally-friendly (‘green’) architecture and design
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Anti-fragile ICT Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This book introduces a novel approach to the design and operation of large ICT systems. It views the technical solutions and their stakeholders as complex adaptive systems and argues that traditional risk analyses cannot predict all future incidents with major impacts. To avoid unacceptable events, it is necessary to establish and operate anti-fragile ICT systems that limit the impact of all incidents, and which learn from small-impact incidents how to function increasingly well in changing environments. The book applies four design principles and one operational principle to achieve anti-fragility for different classes of incidents. It discusses how systems can achieve high availability, prevent malware epidemics, and detect anomalies. Analyses of Netflix’s media streaming solution, Norwegian telecom infrastructures, e-government platforms, and Numenta’s anomaly detection software show that cloud computing is essential to achieving anti-fragility for classes of events with negative impacts.
    Keywords: Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Artificial Intelligence ; Simulation and Modeling ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Database Management System ; Computer Science ; Anomaly detection ; Anti-fragility ; Cloud computing ; Complex adaptive systems ; DevOps (Development and Operation) ; Diversity ; Loose coupling ; Malware ; Malware detection ; Microservices ; Modules ; Monitoring ; Redundancy ; Risk analysis ; Software architecture ; Software design ; System dependencies ; Tight coupling ; Trust ; Weak links ; Computer networking & communications ; Computer modelling & simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UT Computer networking & communications ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling & simulation
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  • 6
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    The Huawei and Snowden Questions (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book answers two central questions: firstly, is it at all possible to verify electronic equipment procured from untrusted vendors? Secondly, can I build trust into my products in such a way that I support verification by untrusting customers? In separate chapters the book takes readers through the state of the art in fields of computer science that can shed light on these questions. In a concluding chapter it discusses realistic ways forward. In discussions on cyber security, there is a tacit assumption that the manufacturer of equipment will collaborate with the user of the equipment to stop third-party wrongdoers. The Snowden files and recent deliberations on the use of Chinese equipment in the critical infrastructures of western countries have changed this. The discourse in both cases revolves around what malevolent manufacturers can do to harm their own customers, and the importance of the matter is on par with questions of national security. This book is of great interest to ICT and security professionals who need a clear understanding of the two questions posed in the subtitle, and to decision-makers in industry, national bodies and nation states.
    Keywords: Privacy ; Computer Engineering ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; Governance and Government ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Computer Hardware ; IT Operations ; Economics ; cyber security ; IT management ; computer science ; digital vulnerability ; open access ; Privacy & data protection ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; Political structure & processes ; Research & development management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security::URD Privacy and data protection ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management
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  • 7
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    Living with Disfigurement in Early Medieval Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is open access under a CC-BY 4.0 license. This book examines social and medical responses to the disfigured face in early medieval Europe, arguing that the study of head and facial injuries can offer a new contribution to the history of early medieval medicine and culture, as well as exploring the language of violence and social interactions. Despite the prevalence of warfare and conflict in early medieval society, and a veritable industry of medieval historians studying it, there has in fact been very little attention paid to the subject of head wounds and facial damage in the course of war and/or punitive justice. The impact of acquired disfigurement —for the individual, and for her or his family and community—is barely registered, and only recently has there been any attempt to explore the question of how damaged tissue and bone might be treated medically or surgically. In the wake of new work on disability and the emotions in the medieval period, this study documents how acquired disfigurement is recorded across different geographical and chronological contexts in the period.
    Keywords: Medieval Literature ; Medieval Philosophy ; History of Medieval Europe ; Disfigurement ; Gender ; Medicine and health ; Violence ; Literary studies: ancient, classical & medieval ; European history: medieval period, middle ages ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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  • 8
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    Uprooting Bias in the Academy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book analyzes barriers to inclusion in academia and details ways to create a more diverse, inclusive environment. It describes the implementation of UC Davis ADVANCE, a grant program funded by the National Science Foundation, to increase the hiring and retention of underrepresented scholars in the STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and foster a culture of inclusion for all faculty. It first describes what the barriers to inclusion are and how they function within the broader society. A key focus here is the concept of implicit bias: what it is, how it develops, and the importance of training organizational members to recognize and challenge it. It then discusses the limitations of data collection that is guided by the convention assumption that being diverse automatically means being inclusive. Lastly, it highlights the importance of creating a collaborative, interdisciplinary, and institution-wide vision of an inclusive community.
    Keywords: Implicit Bias in Academia ; Barriers Faced by Latina Scholars in STEM ; Creating Inclusive Campus Climates ; The Role of Bias in Faculty Evaluation, Hiring and Promotion ; Best Practices in Organizational Learning About Bias ; Barriers to Inclusion ; Data-Driven Decision Making ; Role of Culture in Institutional ; Assessing Institutionalization of Bias ; Institutional Transformation ; Building Inclusive Communities ; Mentorship ; Professional Networking ; Campos Model ; Barriers to Inclusion of Latinas in STEM ; NSF ADVANCE IT program ; Organizational Learning ; Understanding Discrimination ; Open Access ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Familial Feeling (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This open access book discusses British literature as part of a network of global entangled modernities and shared aesthetic concerns, departing from the retrospective model of a postcolonial “writing back” to the centre. Accordingly, the narrative strategies in the texts of early Black Atlantic authors, like Equiano, Sancho, Wedderburn, and Seacole, and British canonical novelists, such as Defoe, Sterne, Austen, and Dickens, are framed as entangled tonalities. Via their engagement with discourses on slavery, abolition, and imperialism, these texts shaped an understanding of national belonging as a form of familial feeling. This study thus complicates the “rise of the novel” framework and British middle-class identity formation from a transnational perspective combining approaches in narrative studies with postcolonial and queer theory.
    Keywords: Eighteenth-Century Literature ; Nineteenth-Century Literature ; Ethnicity, Class, Gender and Crime ; British Culture ; Race and Ethnicity Studies ; Literature and Cultural Studies ; Postcolonial Literature ; Black Atlantic Writing ; The British Novel ; Open Access ; Literary studies: c 1600 to c 1800 ; Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900 ; Crime & criminology ; Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBF Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900 ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Anti-Microbial Resistance in Global Perspective (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: ‘The Maternal Sepsis Intervention has had a profound impact on maternal mortality and antibiotic use whilst also reducing hospital costs. The Ministry of Health is keen to explore opportunities to extending the lessons learnt and integrate them in national policy-making.' -Dr. Richard Mugahi, Ministry of Health, Uganda. This open access book provides an accessible introduction to the mechanics of international development and global health text for policy-makers and students across a wide range of disciplines. Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to the well-being of patients and health systems the world over. In fragile health systems so challenged, on a day-today basis, by the overwhelming burden of both infectious and non-communicable disease, it is easy to overlook the impacts of AMR. The Maternal Sepsis Intervention, focusing on a primary cause of maternal death in Uganda, demonstrates the systemic nature of AMR and the gains that can be made through improved Infection Prevention Control and direct engagement of laboratory testing in antibiotic prescribing.
    Keywords: Development and Health ; Public Policy ; African Politics ; Public Health ; Globalization ; Development Studies ; AMR ; global health ; Uganda ; antibiotics ; Infection Prevention Control ; health worker behavior ; midwives ; Global Point Prevalence Survey ; public health facilities ; public health policy ; Open Access ; Public administration ; Politics & government ; Africa ; Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFS Globalization
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  • 11
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    Freshwater Microplastics (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
    Keywords: Environmental Chemistry ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Geochemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Water ; Emerging contaminants ; Plastic pollution ; Microplastic pollution ; Microplastic-associated biofilms ; Freshwater pollution ; Inland water pollution ; Plastic contamination ; Pollution & threats to the environment ; Water supply & treatment ; Limnology (inland waters) ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQS Sanitary & municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply & treatment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere::RBGK Geochemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology & the hydrosphere::RBKF Limnology (freshwater)
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Exceptional Lifespans (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: How long can humans live? This open access book documents, verifies and brings to life the advance of the frontier of human survival. It carefully validates data on supercentenarians, aged 110+, and semi-supercentenarians, aged 105-109, stored in the International Database on Longevity (IDL). The chapters in this book contribute substantial advances in rigorously checked facts about exceptional lifespans and in the application of state-of-the-art analytical strategies to understand trends and patterns in these rare lifespans. The book includes detailed accounts of extreme long-livers and how their long lifespans were documented, as well as reports on the causes of death at the oldest ages. Its key finding, based on the analysis of 1,219 validated supercentenarians, is that the annual probability of death is constant at 50% after age 110. In contrast to previous assertions about a ceiling on the human lifespan, evidence presented in this book suggests that lifespan records in specific countries and globally will be broken again and again as more people survive to become supercentenarians. ​
    Keywords: Demography ; Aging ; Internal Medicine ; Aging Population ; Ageing ; Population and Demography ; Supercentenarians ; Longevity ; Oldest-old ; Mortality ; Age validation ; open access ; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research ; International Database on Longevity IDL ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; Age groups: adults ; Clinical & internal medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSP Age groups::JFSP3 Age groups: adults::JFSP31 Age groups: the elderly ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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  • 13
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    Dependable Embedded Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Open Access book introduces readers to many new techniques for enhancing and optimizing reliability in embedded systems, which have emerged particularly within the last five years. This book introduces the most prominent reliability concerns from today’s points of view and roughly recapitulates the progress in the community so far. Unlike other books that focus on a single abstraction level such circuit level or system level alone, the focus of this book is to deal with the different reliability challenges across different levels starting from the physical level all the way to the system level (cross-layer approaches). The book aims at demonstrating how new hardware/software co-design solution can be proposed to ef-fectively mitigate reliability degradation such as transistor aging, processor variation, temperature effects, soft errors, etc. Provides readers with latest insights into novel, cross-layer methods and models with respect to dependability of embedded systems; Describes cross-layer approaches that can leverage reliability through techniques that are pro-actively designed with respect to techniques at other layers; Explains run-time adaptation and concepts/means of self-organization, in order to achieve error resiliency in complex, future many core systems.
    Keywords: Circuits and Systems ; Cyber-physical systems, IoT ; Processor Architectures ; Electronic Circuits and Systems ; Cyber-Physical Systems ; Fault-Tolerant Computing ; Reliability Enhancers in Embedded Systems ; SoCs based on cross-layer-reliability ; System-Level Reliability Analysis ; Dependable Software Execution ; Open access ; Electronics: circuits & components ; Electrical engineering ; Cybernetics & systems theory ; Computer architecture & logic design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design
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    The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access handbook analyses the role of development cooperation in achieving the 2030 Agenda in a global context of ‘contested cooperation’. Development actors, including governments providing aid or South-South Cooperation, developing countries, and non-governmental actors (civil society, philanthropy, and businesses) constantly challenge underlying narratives and norms of development. The book explores how reconciling these differences fosters achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
    Keywords: African Politics ; Development and Sustainability ; Development Policy ; International Organization ; Development and Post-Colonialism ; Development Studies ; African Development ; 2030 Agenda ; Development Cooperation ; United Nations 2030 ; UN ; Open Access ; Politics & government ; Africa ; Sustainability ; International institutions ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions
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  • 15
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    Better Work (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This Open Access book provides a thorough analysis of the quality of work in the Netherlands, and suggests policy proposals to promote and facilitate good work for more people. New technology, flexibilization and the intensification of work will have significant consequences for all those who will still have jobs in the future, and – much less studied so far – for the quality of their work. Good work is essential for general well-being: for the individual’s quality of life, for the economy and for society. Good work for everyone should therefore be seen as an important aspiration for companies, institutions, social partners and governments. An essential read for an international audience of academics in the field of the sociology of work, labor economics and social policy, as well as for policymakers and researchers of trade unions, and representatives of other social movements.
    Keywords: Flexibilization ; Open Access ; Social Dialogue ; Technology (robots, AI) ; Welfare State ; Work ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTQ Globalization
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  • 16
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    The Elements of Big Data Value (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents the foundations of the Big Data research and innovation ecosystem and the associated enablers that facilitate delivering value from data for business and society. It provides insights into the key elements for research and innovation, technical architectures, business models, skills, and best practices to support the creation of data-driven solutions and organizations. The book is a compilation of selected high-quality chapters covering best practices, technologies, experiences, and practical recommendations on research and innovation for big data. The contributions are grouped into four parts: · Part I: Ecosystem Elements of Big Data Value focuses on establishing the big data value ecosystem using a holistic approach to make it attractive and valuable to all stakeholders. · Part II: Research and Innovation Elements of Big Data Value details the key technical and capability challenges to be addressed for delivering big data value. · Part III: Business, Policy, and Societal Elements of Big Data Value investigates the need to make more efficient use of big data and understanding that data is an asset that has significant potential for the economy and society. · Part IV: Emerging Elements of Big Data Value explores the critical elements to maximizing the future potential of big data value. Overall, readers are provided with insights which can support them in creating data-driven solutions, organizations, and productive data ecosystems. The material represents the results of a collective effort undertaken by the European data community as part of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between the European Commission and the Big Data Value Association (BDVA) to boost data-driven digital transformation.
    Keywords: Information Storage and Retrieval ; Business and Management, general ; Innovation/Technology Management ; The Computer Industry ; Big Data ; Innovation and Technology Management ; Technology Commercialization ; Digital Transformation ; Innovation Spaces ; Data-Driven Innovation ; Data Analytics ; Technology Management ; Data Ecosystems ; Data Protection ; Big Data Business Models ; Open Access ; Information retrieval ; Data warehousing ; Business & Management ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; Information technology industries ; Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases
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    Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents the findings of the CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project regarding the link between mobility and tourism in urban areas and the complications tourist destinations face in becoming more sustainable. It integrates the tourist mobility needs and the associated fluctuation impacts in the design of mobility solutions in order to enforce the accessibility, attractiveness, efficiency and sustainability of transport services and infrastructure for both residents and tourists in island cities such as Rethymno, Crete, and Valetta, Malta. Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations contains contributions from highly experienced academics, engineers, and planners in the area of sustainable tourism, mobility services, and smart solutions design companies assisting: the change of the mind set in insular and tourism areas; the adoption of green mobility systems and services; and monitoring the environmental benefits to assist towards the Climate Change. It explores the challenges tourist islands face, such as the seasonal fluxes in transport usage, the pressures of tourism to provide aesthetic green spaces, and the space issues of being an island in relation to economic potential and infrastructure construction. The book suggests areas for future research, and implementation of innovative systems and policies. It will be of interest to academics, planners, decision makers, and environmentalists.
    Keywords: Transport and Mobility Systems ; Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans ; Environmental Impact Assessment ; Sustainable Tourism ; Sustainable Development ; Green Vehicles Fuels ; Sustainable Destinations ; Island Tourism ; Sustainable Transport ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNH Highway and traffic engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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    Benefit/Cost-Driven Software Development (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents a set of basic techniques for estimating the benefit of IT development projects and portfolios. It also offers methods for monitoring how much of that estimated benefit is being achieved during projects. Readers can then use these benefit estimates together with cost estimates to create a benefit/cost index to help them decide which functionalities to send into construction and in what order. This allows them to focus on constructing the functionality that offers the best value for money at an early stage. Although benefits management involves a wide range of activities in addition to estimation and monitoring, the techniques in this book provides a clear guide to achieving what has always been the goal of project and portfolio stakeholders: developing systems that produce as much usefulness and value as possible for the money invested. The techniques can also help deal with vicarious motives and obstacles that prevent this happening. The book equips readers to recognize when a project budget should not be spent in full and resources be allocated elsewhere in a portfolio instead. It also provides development managers and upper management with common ground as a basis for making informed decisions.
    Keywords: Mathematical Software ; Software Engineering ; open access ; benefits management ; benefit points ; earned business ; value management ; benefit/costs index ; uncertainty assessment ; periodization ; Mathematical & statistical software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UF Business applications::UFM Mathematical and statistical software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
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    Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book is intended to assist teachers, teacher trainers, curriculum designers, editors and authors of textbooks in developing strategies to teach the multiplication of natural numbers based on the experience of the Lesson Study in Japan. This approach to mathematics education dates back to the 1870s and reconciles the emphasis on problem solving with the treatment of the curricular contents. It has gained international recognition since the 1990s and thanks to it mathematics education in Japan has been recognized as one of the most efficient and innovative in the world. This growing international awareness has led to an effort to apply the principles of Lesson Study to other parts of the world and this book shows how experienced authors from Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Spain and Portugal have worked to adapt some of these methods and techniques to the Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries of Ibero-America. Drawing on the impact of Lesson Study on government curriculum decisions and teacher behavior in Japanese classrooms; offering examples of lessons, lesson plans and suggestions for teaching; and presenting examples of the good reception of the principles of Lesson Study in Ibero-America, Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study – Japanese and Ibero-American Theories for Mathematics Education shows how an efficient and cutting-edge experience in mathematics education can travel the world and help teachers in many different countries. ; Shows how teachers can apply the principles of Japanese Lesson Study to teach the multiplication of natural numbers Presents an approach to mathematics education that reconciles the emphasis on problem solving with the treatment of the curricular contents Provides examples of how a method developed in Japan can be adapted to different cultural contexts, such as the Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries of Ibero-America
    Keywords: Mathematics Education ; Teaching and Teacher Education ; Curriculum Studies ; International and Comparative Education ; Curriculum ; Lesson study ; Teaching multiplication ; Comparative education ; Ethnomathematics ; Mathematics education in Japan ; Mathematics education in Latin America ; Learning to multiply ; Multiply by zero ; Multiplication facts ; Multiplication properties ; Algorithms to multiply ; Vertical multiplication ; Mathematics teacher education ; Instructional activities and practices ; Elementary school education ; Problem solving ; Mathematics textbooks ; open access ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Mathematics ; Teacher training ; Curriculum planning & development ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
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    Script Effects as the Hidden Drive of the Mind, Cognition, and Culture (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This open access volume reveals the hidden power of the script we read in and how it shapes and drives our minds, ways of thinking, and cultures. Expanding on the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (i.e., the idea that language affects the way we think), this volume proposes the “Script Relativity Hypothesis” (i.e., the idea that the script in which we read affects the way we think) by offering a unique perspective on the effect of script (alphabets, morphosyllabaries, or multi-scripts) on our attention, perception, and problem-solving. Once we become literate, fundamental changes occur in our brain circuitry to accommodate the new demand for resources. The powerful effects of literacy have been demonstrated by research on literate versus illiterate individuals, as well as cross-scriptal transfer, indicating that literate brain networks function differently, depending on the script being read. This book identifies the locus of differences between the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans, and between the East and the West, as the neural underpinnings of literacy. To support the “Script Relativity Hypothesis”, it reviews a vast corpus of empirical studies, including anthropological accounts of human civilization, social psychology, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, applied linguistics, second language studies, and cross-cultural communication. It also discusses the impact of reading from screens in the digital age, as well as the impact of bi-script or multi-script use, which is a growing trend around the globe. As a result, our minds, ways of thinking, and cultures are now growing closer together, not farther apart. ; Examines the origin, emergence, and co-evolution of written language, the human mind, and culture within the purview of script effects Investigates how the scripts we read over time shape our cognition, mind, and thought patterns Provides a new outlook on the four representative writing systems of the world Discusses the consequences of literacy for the functioning of the mind
    Keywords: Literacy ; Language Education ; Cognitive Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Lingusitics ; Open Access ; The emergence of written language ; Linguistic relativity and reading ; Psychological mechanisms of reading ; Script effects and critical contrastive rhetoric ; Writing systems and literacy ; Language teaching & learning ; Linguistics ; Cognitive studies ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFC Literacy ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
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    Semantic Systems. In the Era of Knowledge Graphs (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTiCS 2020, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in September 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Knowledge based Systems ; Computer Applications ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; artificial intelligence ; computer science ; computer systems ; data handling ; databases ; dbpedia ; internet ; knowledge-based system ; linguistics ; linked data ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; natural languages ; ontologies ; query languages ; query processing ; resource description framework ; search engines ; semantic web ; semantics ; World Wide Web ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information technology: general issues ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
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    Uncertainty in Engineering (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book provides an introduction to uncertainty quantification in engineering. Starting with preliminaries on Bayesian statistics and Monte Carlo methods, followed by material on imprecise probabilities, it then focuses on reliability theory and simulation methods for complex systems. The final two chapters discuss various aspects of aerospace engineering, considering stochastic model updating from an imprecise Bayesian perspective, and uncertainty quantification for aerospace flight modelling. Written by experts in the subject, and based on lectures given at the Second Training School of the European Research and Training Network UTOPIAE (Uncertainty Treatment and Optimization in Aerospace Engineering), which took place at Durham University (United Kingdom) from 2 to 6 July 2018, the book offers an essential resource for students as well as scientists and practitioners.
    Keywords: Uncertainty quantification ; Engineering applications ; Imprecise Probabilities ; Bayesian Statistics ; Markov Chains ; Reliability ; Complex systems ; Inconsistent information ; Model validation ; Experimental measurements ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering::TGPR Reliability engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics::PBTB Bayesian inference
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    Time Predictions (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Predicting the time needed to complete a project, task or daily activity can be difficult and people frequently underestimate how long an activity will take. This book sheds light on why and when this happens, what we should do to avoid it and how to give more realistic time predictions. It describes methods for predicting time usage in situations with high uncertainty, explains why two plus two is usually more than four in time prediction contexts, reports on research on time prediction biases, and summarizes the evidence in support of different time prediction methods and principles. Based on a comprehensive review of the research, it is the first book summarizing what we know about judgment-based time predictions. Large parts of the book are directed toward people wishing to achieve better time predictions in their professional life, such as project managers, graphic designers, architects, engineers, film producers, consultants, software developers, or anyone else in need of realistic time usage predictions. It is also of benefit to those with a general interest in judgment and decision-making or those who want to improve their ability to predict and plan ahead in daily life.
    Keywords: Behavioral/Experimental Economics ; Human Resource Management ; Project Management ; Software Management ; Behavioral Economics ; Management ; IT in Business ; time predictions ; human judgement ; overoptimism ; uncertainty ; open acces ; Behavioural economics ; Personnel & human resources management ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCK Behavioural economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMP Project management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems
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    Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access volume identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed. It includes studies on social inequalities in 5 European and 5 Latin American countries, along 11 thematic axes: inequalities in the labour market and labour trajectories; asymmetries in the relationship between training and employment; inequalities in work and family life; educational inequalities; geographical and social inequalities: ethnicity and language; social inequalities, migration and space; uncertainty, strategies, resources and capabilities; inequality of opportunity: intergenerational social mobility; social policies; gender inequalities; and research methodology. This volume is the result of a large collaborative project on social inequality funded by the European Commission: the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities. Taking into account diverse perspectives and approximations, the collaborators have created a general analytical framework as a model of analysis of social inequalities. The various contributions in this volume help readers gain a global outlook and help reflect on social inequalities in a comparative perspective. This volume addresses social science graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, social policy makers, as well as a broader academic audience interested in social inequality.
    Keywords: Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Development and Social Change ; Development Economics ; Social Structure ; Development Studies ; Open access ; Analytical Model of Social Inequalities and Trajectories ; INCASI ; inequality of opportunity ; unemployment protection ; labour market inequalities ; inequality in education ; digital divide ; social stratification ; social inequality at work ; gender and inequality ; Social & ethical issues ; Development economics & emerging economies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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    Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book contains observations, outlines, and analyses of educational robotics methodologies and activities, and developments in the field of educational robotics emerging from the findings presented at FabLearn Italy 2019, the international conference that brought together researchers, teachers, educators and practitioners to discuss the principles of Making and educational robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education. The editors’ analysis of these extended versions of papers presented at FabLearn Italy 2019 highlight the latest findings on learning models based on Making and educational robotics. The authors investigate how innovative educational tools and methodologies can support a novel, more effective and more inclusive learner-centered approach to education. The following key topics are the focus of discussion: Makerspaces and Fab Labs in schools, a maker approach to teaching and learning; laboratory teaching and the maker approach, models, methods and instruments; curricular and non-curricular robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education; social and assistive robotics in education; the effect of innovative spaces and learning environments on the innovation of teaching, good practices and pilot projects.
    Keywords: FabLearn Italy ; robotics in education ; STEM Education ; Smart Learning ; Educational Robotics ; innovative educational tools ; Innovative Learning Approach ; informal education ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology
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    Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 2) (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This second open access book in a series of three volumes examines the repertoire of policies and programmes led by EU Member States to engage with their nationals residing abroad. Focusing on sending states’ engagement in the area of social protection, this book shows how a series of emigration-related policies that go beyond the realm of social security address the needs of nationals abroad in the area of health care, unemployment, family benefits, pensions and economic hardship. In addition, this volume highlights the variety of sending states’ institutions that are involved in these policies (consulates, diaspora institutions, ministries, agencies…) and their engagement with citizens abroad in other policy areas such as electoral rights, citizenship, language, culture, education, business or religion. As such this book is a valuable read to researchers, policy makers, government employees and NGO’s.
    Keywords: Social Sciences, general ; Microeconomics ; Social Policy ; Sociology of Migration ; Open access ; Diaspora Policies ; Emigration-related policies ; Health care ; Unemployment ; Family benefits ; Pensions ; Economic hardship ; migration and integration ; Social security and inequality ; Expats ; Sending states ; Society & Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Political economy ; Social & ethical issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCC Microeconomics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
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    Modeling Excitable Tissue (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access volume presents a novel computational framework for understanding how collections of excitable cells work. The key approach in the text is to model excitable tissue by representing the individual cells constituting the tissue. This is in stark contrast to the common approach where homogenization is used to develop models where the cells are not explicitly present. The approach allows for very detailed analysis of small collections of excitable cells, but computational challenges limit the applicability in the presence of large collections of cells.
    Keywords: Mathematical and Computational Biology ; Applications of Mathematics ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; applied mathematics ; scientific computing ; computational physiology ; finite element methods ; cardiac modelling ; biomechanics ; numerical methods ; preconditioning ; open access ; Maths for scientists ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
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    International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book offers essential information on values-based practice (VBP): the clinical skills involved, teamwork and person-centered care, links between values and evidence, and the importance of partnerships in shared decision-making. Different cultures have different values; for example, partnership in decision-making looks very different, from the highly individualized perspective of European and North American cultures to the collective and family-oriented perspectives common in South East Asia. In turn, African cultures offer yet another perspective, one that falls between these two extremes (called batho pele). The book will benefit everyone concerned with the practical challenges of delivering mental health services. Accordingly, all contributions are developed on the basis of case vignettes, and cover a range of situations in which values underlie tensions or uncertainties regarding how to proceed in clinical practice. Examples include the patient’s autonomy and best interest, the physician’s commitment to establishing high standards of clinical governance, clinical versus community best interest, institutional versus clinical interests, patients insisting on medically unsound but legal treatments etc. Thus far, VBP publications have mainly dealt with clinical scenarios involving individual values (of clinicians and patients). Our objective with this book is to develop a model of VBP that is culturally much broader in scope. As such, it offers a vital resource for mental health stakeholders in an increasingly inter-connected world. It also offers opportunities for cross-learning in values-based practice between cultures with very different clinical care traditions.
    Keywords: Psychiatry ; Psychology, general ; Ethics ; Behavioral Sciences and Psychology ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics ; Assessment and diagnosis ; Evidence based practice ; Culture ; Abuse of psychiatry ; Medical ethics ; Medical law ; Psychosis ; Spirituality ; Involuntary treatment ; Insanity defence ; Medical education ; open access ; Psychology ; Ethics & moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
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    Guardians of Public Value (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book presents case studies of twelve organisations which the public have come to view as institutions. From the BBC to Doctors Without Borders, from the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra to CERN, this volume examines how some organisations rise to prominence and remain in high public esteem through changing and challenging times. It builds upon the scholarly tradition of institutional scholarship pioneered by Philip Selznick, and highlights common themes in the stories of these highly diverse organizations; demonstrating how leadership, learning, and luck all play a role in becoming and remaining an institution. This case study format makes this volume ideal for classroom use and practitioners alike. In an era where public institutions are increasingly under threat, this volume offers concrete lessons for contemporary organisation leaders.
    Keywords: Public Policy ; Public Administration ; Administration, Organization and Leadership ; Organization and Leadership ; Public Organizations ; Public Value ; Open Access ; Leadership ; Institutional Reform ; International Organizations ; Institutional Adaptation ; Institution-building ; Election Commission of India ; Corrupt Practices Investigations Bureau (CPIB) ; British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) ; The Riksbank ; The European Court of Justice (ECJ) ; The Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra ; WADA ; The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) ; Rijkswaterstaat ; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) ; Educational administration & organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization
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    Scaling of Differential Equations (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The book serves both as a reference for various scaled models with corresponding dimensionless numbers, and as a resource for learning the art of scaling. A special feature of the book is the emphasis on how to create software for scaled models, based on existing software for unscaled models. Scaling (or non-dimensionalization) is a mathematical technique that greatly simplifies the setting of input parameters in numerical simulations. Moreover, scaling enhances the understanding of how different physical processes interact in a differential equation model. Compared to the existing literature, where the topic of scaling is frequently encountered, but very often in only a brief and shallow setting, the present book gives much more thorough explanations of how to reason about finding the right scales. This process is highly problem dependent, and therefore the book features a lot of worked examples, from very simple ODEs to systems of PDEs, especially from fluid mechanics. The text is easily accessible and example-driven. The first part on ODEs fits even a lower undergraduate level, while the most advanced multiphysics fluid mechanics examples target the graduate level. The scientific literature is full of scaled models, but in most of the cases, the scales are just stated without thorough mathematical reasoning. This book explains how the scales are found mathematically. This book will be a valuable read for anyone doing numerical simulations based on ordinary or partial differential equations.
    Keywords: Ordinary Differential Equations ; Partial Differential Equations ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Computational Science and Engineering ; Simulation and Modeling ; Analysis ; Computer Science ; scaling ; non-dimensionalization ; dimensionless numbers ; fluid mechanics ; multiphysics models ; Differential calculus & equations ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; Maths for scientists ; Computer modelling & simulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKJ Differential calculus and equations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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    Cinematic Histospheres (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: In this Open Access book, film scholar Rasmus Greiner develops a theoretical model for the concept of the histosphere to refer to the “sphere” of a cinematically modelled, physically experienceable historical world. His analysis of practices of modelling and perceiving, immersion and empathy, experience and remembering, appropriation and refiguration, combine approaches from film studies, such as Vivian Sobchack’s phenomenology of film experience, with historiographic theories, such as Frank R. Ankersmit’s concept of historical experience. Building on this analysis, Greiner examines the spatial and temporal organization of historical films and presents discussions of mood and atmosphere, body and memory, and genre and historical consciousness. The analysis is based around three historical films, spanning six decades, that depict 1950s Germany: Helmut Käutner’s Sky Without Stars (1955), Jutta Brückner’s Years of Hunger (1980), and Sven Bohse’s three-part TV series Ku’damm 56 (2016).
    Keywords: Screen Studies ; History, general ; Film Theory ; Film Studies ; History ; Histosphere ; Historical Film ; Phenomenology of Film ; Historical Experience ; Audiovisual ; Historical Worlds ; Open Access ; Performing arts ; Historiography ; Film history, theory & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema::ATFA Film history, theory or criticism
    Language: English
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    International Labour Organization and Global Social Governance (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book explores the role of the ILO (International Labour Organization) in building global social governance from multiple and mutually complementary perspectives. It explores the impact of this UN´s oldest agency, founded in 1919, on the transforming world of work in a global setting, providing insights into the unique history and functions of the ILO as an organization and the evolution of workers’ rights through international labour standards stemming from its regulatory mechanism. The book examines the persistent dilemma of balancing the benefits of globalization with the protection of workers. It critically assesses the challenges that emerge when international labour standards are implemented and enforced in highly diverse regulatory frameworks in international, regional, national and local contexts. The book also identifies feasible ways to achieve more inclusive labour protection, putting into perspective the tension between the economic and the social in the ILO’s second century of operation. It includes reflections on the work of the ILO World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation by Tarja Halonen, who as President of Finland co-chaired the Commission with Benjamin William Mkapa, President of Tanzania. Written by distinguished experts and scholars in the fields of international labour law and international law, the book provides an insightful and in-depth analysis of the role of the ILO as an international organization devoted to decent work and social justice. It also sheds light on tripartism and its particular role in the work of the ILO, examining the challenges that a profoundly changing working life presents in terms of labour protection and social justice, and examining the transnational dimension of labour law. Lastly, the book includes a postscript by Nobel economics laureate Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz.
    Keywords: Labour Law/Social Law ; Sources and Subjects of International Law, International Organizations ; International Organization ; Development and Social Change ; Development Studies ; ILO ; Social governance of globalization ; International labour standards ; Social justice ; ILO world commission of globalization ; Decent work ; ILO world commission on the social dimension of globalization ; International labour law ; Social sustainability ; Transformation of work ; Open access ; Employment & labour law: general ; Social law & Medical law ; Public international law ; International institutions ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNH Employment & labour law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies
    Language: English
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    Understanding Acoustics (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access textbook, like Rayleigh’s classic Theory of Sound, focuses on experiments and on approximation techniques rather than mathematical rigor. The second edition has benefited from comments and corrections provided by many acousticians, in particular those who have used the first edition in undergraduate and graduate courses. For example, phasor notation has been added to clearly distinguish complex variables, and there is a new section on radiation from an unbaffled piston. Drawing on over 40 years of teaching experience at UCLA, the Naval Postgraduate School, and Penn State, the author presents a uniform methodology, based on hydrodynamic fundamentals for analysis of lumped-element systems and wave propagation that can accommodate dissipative mechanisms and geometrically-complex media. Five chapters on vibration and elastic waves highlight modern applications, including viscoelasticity and resonance techniques for measurement of elastic moduli, while introducing analytical techniques and approximation strategies that are revisited in nine subsequent chapters describing all aspects of generation, transmission, scattering, and reception of waves in fluids. Problems integrate multiple concepts, and several include experimental data to provide experience in choosing optimal strategies for extraction of experimental results and their uncertainties. Fundamental physical principles that do not ordinarily appear in other acoustics textbooks, like adiabatic invariance, similitude, the Kramers-Kronig relations, and the equipartition theorem, are shown to provide independent tests of results obtained from numerical solutions, commercial software, and simulations. Thanks to the Veneklasen Research Foundation, this popular textbook is now open access, making the e-book available for free download worldwide. Provides graduate-level treatment of acoustics and vibration suitable for use in courses, for self-study, and as a reference Highlights fundamental physical principles that can provide independent tests of the validity of numerical solutions, commercial software, and computer simulations Demonstrates approximation techniques that greatly simplify the mathematics without a substantial decrease in accuracy Incorporates a hydrodynamic approach to the acoustics of sound in fluids that provides a uniform methodology for analysis of lumped-element systems and wave propagation Emphasizes actual applications as examples of topics explained in the text Includes realistic end-of-chapter problems, some including experimental data, as well as a Solutions Manual for instructors. Features “Talk Like an Acoustician“ boxes to highlight key terms introduced in the text.
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Engineering Acoustics ; Mechanical Engineering ; Waves in fluids ; Acoustics textbook ; Elastic waves ; Physical acoustics ; Electroacoustic transduction ; Acoustic radiation ; Harmonic oscillators ; Acoustic wave propagation ; Approximation techniques ; Similitude in acoustics and vibration ; Modes of enclosures ; Waveguides ; Nonlinear acoustics ; Acoustic levitation ; Open Access ; Wave mechanics (vibration & acoustics) ; Acoustic & sound engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration & acoustics) ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTA Acoustic & sound engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTA Acoustic and sound engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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    Future Space-Transport-System Components under High Thermal and Mechanical Loads (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents the findings of Collaborative Research Center Transregio 40 (TRR40), initiated in July 2008 and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Gathering innovative design concepts for thrust chambers and nozzles, as well as cutting-edge methods of aft-body flow control and propulsion-component cooling, it brings together fundamental research undertaken at universities, testing carried out at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and industrial developments from the ArianeGroup. With a particular focus on heat transfer analyses and novel cooling concepts for thermally highly loaded structures, the book highlights the aft-body flow of the space transportation system and its interaction with the nozzle flow, which are especially critical during the early phase of atmospheric ascent. Moreover, it describes virtual demonstrators for combustion chambers and nozzles, and discusses their industrial applicability. As such, it is a timely resource for researchers, graduate students and practitioners.
    Keywords: Engineering Fluid Dynamics ; Aerospace Technology and Astronautics ; Structural Materials ; Rocket Propulsion ; Multi-scale Modelling in Aerospace ; Real-gas Thermodynamics ; Multi-phase Flow Simulation ; Compressible Shear-layer ; Turbulent Heat Flux Model ; LOX/CH4 Combustor ; Multi-element Combustor Chamber ; Wall Heat Transfer Prediction ; SFB/TRR40 ; Open Access ; Mechanics of fluids ; Aerospace & aviation technology ; Astronautics ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Engineering: Mechanics of fluids ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRP Aerospace and aviation technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2019 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the five nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2019. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains five papers describing the works by Sebastian Baltes (U Trier) on Software Developers’Work Habits and Expertise, Timo Greifenberg’s thesis on Artefaktbasierte Analyse modellgetriebener Softwareentwicklungsprojekte, Marco Konersmann’s (U Duisburg-Essen) work on Explicitly Integrated Architecture, Marija Selakovic’s (TU Darmstadt) research about Actionable Program Analyses for Improving Software Performance, and Johannes Späth’s (Paderborn U) thesis on Synchronized Pushdown Systems for Pointer and Data-Flow Analysis – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Software Management ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; IT in Business ; IT Operations ; Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Software Modeling ; Software Research ; Open Access ; Ernst Denert Award ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Language: English
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    Solving PDEs in Python (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book offers a concise and gentle introduction to finite element programming in Python based on the popular FEniCS software library. Using a series of examples, including the Poisson equation, the equations of linear elasticity, the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and systems of nonlinear advection–diffusion–reaction equations, it guides readers through the essential steps to quickly solving a PDE in FEniCS, such as how to define a finite variational problem, how to set boundary conditions, how to solve linear and nonlinear systems, and how to visualize solutions and structure finite element Python programs. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
    Keywords: Computational Science and Engineering ; Algorithms ; Visualization ; Mathematical Software ; Numerical Analysis ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Data and Information Visualization ; Software Engineering ; Finite element ; FEniCS ; Partial Differential Equations ; Python ; Simulation ; Open access ; Maths for scientists ; Combinatorics & graph theory ; Mathematical & statistical software ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKS Numerical analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBV Combinatorics and graph theory ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UF Business applications::UFM Mathematical and statistical software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
    Language: English
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    Klima (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Dieses Buch ist eine Open-Access-Publikation unter einer CC BY 4.0 Lizenz. Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit sind eng verknüpft mit den Zielen der UN bis 2030 (The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDGs), die eine Mischung aus humanen, Umwelt- und Klima-Zielen beinhalten. Auch auf europäischer Ebene wird an einem „EU Green Deal“ gearbeitet, von dem starke Auswirkungen auf die nationale und internationale Politik zu erwarten sind. Der iit-Themenband bietet eine schlaglichtartige Betrachtung von verschiedensten Aspekten des Themenkomplexes Klima – Nachhaltigkeit – Wirtschaft – Gesellschaft und eine Einordnung von (technologischen und sonstigen) Innovationen und Entwicklungen, die für Nicht-Expert:innen in Entscheidungsfunktion verständlich und kompakt aufbereitet sind. Der Band adressiert Entscheidungsträger:innen in Wirtschaft und im öffentlichen Sektor sowie interessierte Laien.
    Keywords: Engineering, general ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management ; Ecology ; Technology and Engineering ; Climate Change Ecology ; Open Access ; Nachhaltigkeit ; CO2 Reduktion ; Energiewende ; Green Deal ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Engineering: general ; Energy technology & engineering ; Energy industries & utilities ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: German
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    Education and Climate Change (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access volume draws on a multidimensional model of educational change, the book reviews the field of climate change education and identifies some of the areas in which past efforts have fallen short in supporting effective pedagogical change at scale. It then formulates an approach to engage university students and faculty in partnering with schools and adult education institutions and directly contribute innovative curricula on climate change. The approach is illustrated with several case studies which present curricula developed to support school-based innovation in the Middle East and in Guatemala, and adult education in Haiti and Pakistan, and educators preparation at the university level. The approach followed to develop innovative curriculum follows five steps: 1) What are the specific impacts of climate change in this jurisdiction? How do they impact various human populations? 2) What knowledge, dispositions and behaviors could mitigate the impact of climate change and are there ways in which changes in the behaviors of populations in this jurisdiction could slow down climate change? 3) What are the means of delivery to reach each of the specific populations in this jurisdiction who needs to be educated on climate change? 4) What curriculum can help educate each population? 5) What role can the institution we are collaborating with play in advancing climate change education in that jurisdiction? The various chapters of the book present the conceptual foundation of these programs and illustrate how these programs respond to specific characteristics of local contexts. These programs focus in schools, non-formal settings and educator preparation institutions. The chapters offer examples of general value beyond the specific contexts for which they were designed, as they illustrate how in order to be optimally useful climate change education needs to be firmly grounded in the specifics of a context and responsive to that context.
    Keywords: Environmental and Sustainability Education ; Curriculum Studies ; Educational Policy and Politics ; Science Education ; International and Comparative Education ; Higher Education ; Open access ; climate change education ; Sustainability Studies ; Curriculum Reform ; Comparative Education ; Education Policy ; Educational Change ; twenty first century education ; climate education strategies ; integrating climate change education ; university climate change education ; climate change education strategies ; Climate Action in Guatemala ; Education ; Sustainability ; Curriculum planning & development ; Educational strategies & policy ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Science: general issues ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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    Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book offers up-to-date advice and practical guidance on how to undertake a discrete choice experiment as a tool for environmental valuation. It discusses crucial issues in designing, implementing and analysing choice experiments. Compiled by leading experts in the field, the book promotes discrete choice analysis in environmental valuation through a more solid scientific basis for research practice. Instead of providing strict guidelines, the book helps readers avoid common mistakes often found in applied work. It is based on the collective reflections of the scientific network of researchers using discrete choice modelling in the field of environmental valuation (www.envecho.com).
    Keywords: Environmental Economics ; Environmental Policy ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Quantitative Economics ; Discrete choice experiment ; Stated preference method ; Environmental valuation ; Survey and questionnaire design ; Discrete Choice Modelling ; Open access ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy
    Language: English
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    Circular Migration and the Rights of Migrant Workers in Central and Eastern Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: By adopting a rights-based approach, this open access book sheds light on the different legal and policy instruments that have been adopted to implement circular migration policies in the EU and their consequences for the rights of migrant workers. It contributes to the understanding of the meaning of this concept in general, in the EU, as well as more specifically with regard to its Eastern neighbourhood. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the formation and implementation of the EU’s circular migration approach that has developed through both EU and national instruments on the basis of comparative case study analysis of Bulgaria and Poland’s migration law and policy. Furthermore, by applying legal empirical research methods, it draws conclusions about the policy outcomes from the implementation of the various migration instruments falling under the circular migration umbrella and shows the consequences for the rights of migrant workers as a result of the application of different policy options. Along with its value to an academic audience, the book can be used by policy makers at the EU, international and national level as well as international organisations and NGOs working in the field of migration law and policy.
    Keywords: Migration ; Biotechnology ; Labour Law/Social Law ; Population Economics ; European Politics ; Sociology of Migration ; Open access ; The concept of circular migration ; Legal Migration Fitness Check ; European Commission ; Global Compact for Migration ; Rights of migrant workers ; Eastern neighbourhood ; Central and Eastern Europe ; EU labour migration legal instruments ; Bulgaria and Poland ; Migration, immigration & emigration ; Employment & labour law: general ; Social law & Medical law ; Political economy ; Population & demography ; Politics & government ; Europe ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNH Employment & labour law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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    Continental Philosophy of Technoscience (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The key objective of this volume is to allow philosophy students and early-stage researchers to become practicing philosophers in technoscientific settings. Zwart focuses on the methodological issue of how to practice continental philosophy of technoscience today. This text draws upon continental authors such as Hegel, Engels, Heidegger, Bachelard and Lacan (and their fields of dialectics, phenomenology and psychoanalysis) in developing a coherent message around the technicity of science or rather, “technoscience”. Within technoscience, the focus will be on recent developments in life sciences research, such as genomics, post-genomics, synthetic biology and global ecology. This book uniquely presents continental perspectives that tend to be underrepresented in mainstream philosophy of science, yet entail crucial insights for coming to terms with technoscience as it is evolving on a global scale today. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Dialectics and technoscience ; Psychoanalysis and science ; Hegel and science ; Bachelard and technoscience ; Heidegger and science ; Philosophy of technology ; life science research and philosophy ; continental philosophy of science ; dialectical materialism and science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book offers a cross-sectoral reference for both managers and scientists interested in climate-smart forestry, focusing on mountain regions. It provides a comprehensive analysis on forest issues, facilitating the implementation of climate objectives. This book includes structured summaries of each chapter. Funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, CLIMO has brought together scientists and experts in continental and regional focus assessments through a cross-sectoral approach, facilitating the implementation of climate objectives. CLIMO has provided scientific analysis on issues including criteria and indicators, growth dynamics, management prescriptions, long-term perspectives, monitoring technologies, economic impacts, and governance tools.
    Keywords: SDG 15 ; Climate-Smart Forestry ; Open Access ; CLIMO ; Forestry Management ; Life on Land ; Tree Biology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    Towards Bayesian Model-Based Demography (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book presents a ground-breaking approach to developing micro-foundations for demography and migration studies. It offers a unique and novel methodology for creating empirically grounded agent-based models of international migration – one of the most uncertain population processes and a top-priority policy area. The book discusses in detail the process of building a simulation model of migration, based on a population of intelligent, cognitive agents, their networks and institutions, all interacting with one another. The proposed model-based approach integrates behavioural and social theory with formal modelling, by embedding the interdisciplinary modelling process within a wider inductive framework based on the Bayesian statistical reasoning. Principles of uncertainty quantification are used to devise innovative computer-based simulations, and to learn about modelling the simulated individuals and the way they make decisions. The identified knowledge gaps are subsequently filled with information from dedicated laboratory experiments on cognitive aspects of human decision-making under uncertainty. In this way, the models are built iteratively, from the bottom up, filling an important epistemological gap in migration studies, and social sciences more broadly.
    Keywords: Open access ; Agent-based modelling ; Bayesian demography ; Migration modelling ; Model-based approaches ; Uncertainty quantification ; Forced migration ; Computational experiments ; Model calibration and sensitivity ; Free access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population and demography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples
    Language: English
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    Perspectives on Digital Humanism (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book aims to set an agenda for research and action in the field of Digital Humanism through short essays written by selected thinkers from a variety of disciplines, including computer science, philosophy, education, law, economics, history, anthropology, political science, and sociology. This initiative emerged from the Vienna Manifesto on Digital Humanism and the associated lecture series. Digital Humanism deals with the complex relationships between people and machines in digital times. It acknowledges the potential of information technology. At the same time, it points to societal threats such as privacy violations and ethical concerns around artificial intelligence, automation and loss of jobs, ongoing monopolization on the Web, and sovereignty. Digital Humanism aims to address these topics with a sense of urgency but with a constructive mindset. The book argues for a Digital Humanism that analyses and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind toward a better society and life while fully respecting universal human rights. It is a call to shaping technologies in accordance with human values and needs.
    Keywords: Open Access ; Digital Humanism ; Research Ethics ; Legal Issues in Computer Scince ; Data Privacy ; Computers and Society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security::URD Privacy and data protection ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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    Shared Physical Custody (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the ever-growing phenomenon of children in shared physical custody thereby providing legal, psychological, family sociological and demographical insights. It describes how, despite the long evolution of broken families, only the last decade has seen a radical shift in custody arrangements for children in divorced families and the gender revolution in parenting which is taking place. The chapters have a national or cross-national perspective and address topics like prevalence and types of shared physical custody, legal frames regulating custody arrangements, stability and changes in arrangements across the life course of children, socio‐economic, psychological, social well-being of various family members involved in different custody arrangements. With the book being an interdisciplinary collaboration, it is interesting read for social scientists in demography, sociology, psychology, law and policy makers with an interest family studies and custody arrangements.
    Keywords: Demography ; Social Policy ; Politics of the Welfare State ; Social Work and Community Development ; Comparative Social Policy ; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ; Population and Demography ; Child and Adolescence Psychology ; Family Law ; Children well-being ; Consequences of divorce and separation ; Parents-children relationships ; Child support ; Family Demography ; Divorce rates ; Union formation ; Child living arrangements ; Non-intact family setting ; Co-parenthood ; Child support and shared care ; Open access ; New family forms ; Law on parental responsibilities ; Father-Child relationship ; Post-divorce families ; Shared parenting after divorce ; Legal frameworks of child support ; Population & demography ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Social work ; Psychiatry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population and demography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry
    Language: English
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    Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Century Education Reforms (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book is a comparative analysis of recent large scale education reforms that broadened curriculum goals to better prepare students for the 21st century. The book examines what governments actually do when they broaden curriculum goals, with attention to the details of implementation. To this end, the book examines system level reforms in six countries at various levels of development. The study includes system level reforms in jurisdictions where students achieve high levels in international assessments of basic literacies, such as Singapore and Ontario, Canada, as well as in nations where students achieve much lower levels, such as Kenya, Mexico, Punjab-Pakistan and Zimbabwe. The chapters examine system-level reforms that focus on strengthening the capacity to teach the basics, as in Ontario and Pakistan, as well as reforms that aim at building the capacity to teach a much broader set of competencies and skills, such as Kenya, Mexico, Singapore and Zimbabwe. The volume includes systems at very different levels of spending per student and reforms at various points in the cycle of policy implementation, some just starting, some struggling to survive a governmental transition, and others that have been in place for an extended period of time. From the comparative study of these reforms, we aim to provide an understanding of how to build the capacity of education systems to teach 21st century skills at scale in diverse settings.
    Keywords: International and Comparative Education ; Teaching and Teacher Education ; Educational Policy and Politics ; Curriculum Studies ; Open Access ; Comparative education ; Education policy ; Education reform ; Politics of education ; Twenty-first century education ; Educating the whole child ; Curriculum reform ; Educational change ; Implementation of education change ; Education ; Teacher training ; Educational strategies & policy ; Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development
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    Automated Deduction – CADE 28 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceeding of the 28th International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE 28, held virtually in July 2021. The 29 full papers and 7 system descriptions presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. CADE is the major forum for the presentation of research in all aspects of automated deduction, including foundations, applications, implementations, and practical experience. The papers are organized in the following topics: Logical foundations; theory and principles; implementation and application; ATP and AI; and system descriptions.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Software Engineering ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; Computer Science Logic and Foundations of Programming ; automata theory ; boolean functions ; computer programming ; first order logic ; formal languages ; formal logic ; logic programming ; model checking ; program verification ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; software verification ; theorem provers ; theorem proving ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer architecture & logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
    Language: English
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    Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.
    Keywords: Bioethics ; Drug Resistance ; Infectious Diseases ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics ; Medical Microbiology ; Internal Medicine ; antimicrobial resistance ; public health ethics ; collective responsibility ; infectious disease ; global health ; hospital acquired infection ; animal ethics ; animal epidemiology ; TB resistance and human rights ; TB resistance in developing countries ; privacy and data collection ; ethics and AMR regulation ; ethics of drug development ; Pharmacology ; Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Pandemics: Insurance and Social Protection (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book collects expert contributions on actuarial modelling and related topics, from machine learning to legal aspects, and reflects on possible insurance designs during an epidemic/pandemic. Starting by considering the impulse given by COVID-19 to the insurance industry and to actuarial research, the text covers compartment models, mortality changes during a pandemic, risk-sharing in the presence of low probability events, group testing, compositional data analysis for detecting data inconsistencies, behaviouristic aspects in fighting a pandemic, and insurers’ legal problems, amongst others. Concluding with an essay by a practicing actuary on the applicability of the methods proposed, this interdisciplinary book is aimed at actuaries as well as readers with a background in mathematics, economics, statistics, finance, epidemiology, or sociology.
    Keywords: Epidemics ; Risk ; Insurance ; Social protection ; Actuarial modelling ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBM Public international law: economic and trade
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    Life Skills Education for Youth (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access volume critically reviews a diverse body of scholarship and practice that informs the conceptualization, curriculum, teaching and measurement of life skills in education settings around the world. It discusses life skills as they are implemented in schools and non-formal education, providing both qualitative and quantitative evidence of when, with whom, and how life skills do or do not impact young women’s and men’s lives in various contexts. Specifically, it examines the nature and importance of life skills, and how they are taught. It looks at the synergies and differences between life skills educational programmes and the way in which they promote social and emotional learning, vocational/employment education, and health and sexuality education. Finally, it explores how life skills may be better incorporated into education and how such education can address structures and relations of power to help youth achieve desired future outcomes, and goals set out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Life skills education has gained considerable attention by education policymakers, researchers and educators as being the sine qua non for later achievements in life. It is nearly ubiquitous in global and national education policies, including the SDGs, because life skills are regarded as essential for a diverse set of purposes: reducing poverty, achieving gender equality, promoting economic growth, addressing climate change, fostering peace and global citizenship, and creating sustainable and healthy communities. Yet, to achieve these broad goals, questions persist as to which life skills are important, who needs to learn them, how they can be taught, and how they are best measured. This book addresses these questions.
    Keywords: examining life skills education scholarships ; life skills for adolescents in developing countries ; linking life skills education and social-emotional learning ; life skills for 'at risk' youth ; social justice based approach to life skills ; empirical cases of life skills education ; employability and soft skills curriculum development ; career skills as education ; Open Access ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study & learning skills: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNR Careers guidance ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study and learning skills: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNR Careers guidance ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDG Curriculum planning and development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality
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    Physics of Earth’s Radiation Belts (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book serves as textbook on the physics of the radiation belts surrounding the Earth. Discovered in 1958 the famous Van Allen Radiation belts were among the first scientific discoveries of the Space Age. Throughout the following decades the belts have been under intensive investigation motivated by the risks of radiation hazards they expose to electronics and humans on spacecraft in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. This textbook teaches the field from basic theory of particles and plasmas to observations which culminated in the highly successful Van Allen Probes Mission of NASA in 2012-2019. Using numerous data examples the authors explain the relevant concepts and theoretical background of the extremely complex radiation belt region, with the emphasis on giving a comprehensive and coherent understanding of physical processes affecting the dynamics of the belts. The target audience are doctoral students and young researchers who wish to learn about the physical processes underlying the acceleration, transport and loss of the radiation belt particles in the perspective of the state-of-the-art observations.
    Keywords: Earth's radiation belts ; Van Allen belts ; charged particle motion in Earth’s magnetosphere ; sources and losses of radiation belt particles ; whistler mode chorus ; plasmaspheric hiss ; electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves ; wave-particle interactions ; Pc5 waves ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFP Plasma physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRP Aerospace and aviation technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences
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    Dinaric Perspectives on TIMSS 2019 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book brings together national experts from across the Dinaric region to rigorously review IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 grade four data to develop a multidimensional and culturally sensitive perspective on their TIMSS 2019 primary-level results. The Dinaric region, named after the Dinaric Alps, is located in South-eastern Europe, and stretches through Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo[1], Albania, and North Macedonia. IEA’s TIMSS has been an invaluable resource for monitoring international trends in mathematics and science achievement at grades four and eight since 1995. The TIMSS 2019 administration of the test to grade four students, provided a unique opportunity for analysis within shared regional settings and enabled the construction of this first report based on international study results from the region, prepared by the National Research Coordinators in collaboration with IEA. [1] This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
    Keywords: TIMSS 2019 ; Student attitudes in mathematics ; Student attitudes in science ; achievement at the primary level ; early learning activities ; Regional characteristics of school ; educational systems Dinaric ; School resources at primary level ; teachers Western Balkan region ; IEA studies across the Dinaric region ; Educational policies ; Open access ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject
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    Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book makes a case for a socially inclusive energy transition and illustrates how engineering and public policy professionals can contribute to shaping an inclusive energy transition, building on a socio-technical systems engineering approach. Accomplishing a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy in 2050 is a daunting challenge. This book explores the challenges of the energy transition from the perspectives of technological innovation, public policy, social values and ethics. It elaborates on two particular gaps in the design of public policy interventions focused on decarbonization of the energy system and discusses how both could be remedied. First, the siloed organization of public administration fails to account for the many interdependencies between the energy sector, the mobility system, digital infrastructure and the built environment. Cross-sector coordination of policies and policy instruments is needed to avoid potentially adverse effects upon society and the economy, which may hamper the energy transition rather than accelerate it. Second, energy and climate policies pay insufficient attention to the social values at stake in the energy transition. In addressing these gaps, this book intends to inspire decision makers engaged in the energy transition to embrace the transition as an opportunity to bring a more inclusive society into being.
    Keywords: Energy Systems ; Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing ; Public Policy ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Energy Grids and Networks ; Industrial Management ; Earth System Sciences ; Energy Transition ; Smart Energy Systems ; Energy Poverty ; Social Inclusiveness ; Open Access ; Energy technology & engineering ; Engineering: general ; Management of specific areas ; Public administration ; The environment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols
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    European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book presents the major outcomes of the fourth edition of the Future of Higher Education – Bologna Process Researchers Conference (FOHE-BPRC 4) which was held in January 2020 and which has already established itself as a landmark in the European higher education environment. The conference is part of the official calendar of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) for events that promote and sustain the development of EHEA. The conference provides a unique forum for dialogue between researchers, experts and policy makers in the field of higher education, all of which is documented in this proceedings volume. The book focuses on the following five sub-themes: - Furthering the Internationalization of Higher Education: Particular - Challenges in the EHEA - Access and Success for Every Learner in Higher Education - Advancing Learning and Teaching in the EHEA: Innovation and Links With Research - The Future of the EHEA - Principles, Challenges and Ways Forward - Bologna Process in the Global Higher Education Arena. Going Digital? While acknowledging the efforts and achievements so far at EHEA level, the Paris Ministerial Communiqué highlights the need to intensify crossdisciplinary and cross-border cooperation. One of the ways to achieve this objective is to develop more efficient peer-learning activities, involving policymakers and other stakeholders from as many member states as possible for which this book provides a platform. It acknowledges the importance of a continued dialogue between researchers and decisionmakers and benefits from the experience already acquired, this way enabling the higher education community to bring its input into the 2020. European Higher Education Area (EHEA) priorities for 2020 onwards. European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade marks 21 years of Bologna Process and 10 years of EHEA and brings together an unique collection of contributions that not only reflect on all that has been achieved in these years, but more importantly, shape directions for the future. This book is published under an open access CC BY license.
    Keywords: Higher Education ; International and Comparative Education ; Educational Policy and Politics ; Bologna process ; EHEA ; European Higher Education Area ; Future direction of European Higher Education ; Evidence-based policies in Higher Education ; FOHE-BPRC4 ; Internationalization of Higher Education ; Advancing learning and teaching in the EHEA ; Challenges in EHEA ; Digital technology in Higher Education ; European policies higher education ; Open Access ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Education ; Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy
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    Bioeconomy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book defines the new field of "Bioeconomy" as the sustainable and innovative use of biomass and biological knowledge to provide food, feed, industrial products, bioenergy and ecological services. The chapters highlight the importance of bioeconomy-related concepts in public, scientific, and political discourse. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors outline the dimensions of the bioeconomy as a means of achieving sustainability. The authors are ideally situated to elaborate on the diverse aspects of the bioeconomy. They have acquired in-depth experience of interdisciplinary research through the university’s focus on “Bioeconomy”, its contribution to the Bioeconomy Research Program of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, and its participation in the German Bioeconomy Council. With the number of bioeconomy-related projects at European universities rising, this book will provide graduate students and researchers with background information on the bioeconomy. It will familiarize scientific readers with bioeconomy-related terms and give scientific background for economists, agronomists and natural scientists alike. ; Broadens your understanding of a sustainable economy Simplifies multidisciplinary approaches for the transition to a Bioeconomy Combining principles from agriculture, biotechnology and macroeconomics
    Keywords: Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development ; Agricultural Economics ; Natural Resource and Energy Economics ; Natural Resources ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Economics ; Solid Earth Sciences ; Sustainability ; Biomass Management ; Resource Management ; Agriculture ; Macroeconomics ; Open Access ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Agricultural science ; Agribusiness & primary industries ; Environmental management, ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
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    Textbook on Scar Management (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners ; Comprehensive reference covering the complete field of wounds and scar management: semiology, classifications and scoring Highly educational contents for trainees as well as professionals in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery, oncology as well as nurses and general practitioners Fast access to information through key points, take home messages, highlights, and a wealth of clinical cases Book didactic contents enhanced by supplementary material and videos
    Keywords: Plastic Surgery ; Dermatology ; Surgical Oncology ; Surgery ; Open access ; keloid ; wounds ; burns ; scar revision ; reconstructive surgery ; scar remodelling ; hypertrophic scars ; scar stabilisation ; skin grafting ; Scars and 3D Imagery ; stereophotogrammetry ; scar classification ; scar evaluation scales ; atrophic scarring ; wound healing ; cutometer ; burn physiotherapy ; skin substitutes ; Plastic & reconstructive surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNP Plastic and reconstructive surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJK Dermatology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNK Surgical oncology
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    Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book gathers authoritative contributions concerning multiscale problems in biomechanics, geomechanics, materials science and tribology. It is written in memory of Sergey Grigorievich Psakhie to feature various aspects of his multifaceted research interests, ranging from theoretical physics, computer modeling of materials and material characterization at the atomic scale, to applications in space industry, medicine and geotectonics, and including organizational, psychological and philosophical aspects of scientific research and teaching as well. This book covers new advances relating to orthopedic implants, concerning the physiological, tribological and materials aspects of their behavior; medical and geological applications of permeable fluid-saturated materials; earthquake dynamics together with aspects relating to their managed and gentle release; lubrication, wear and material transfer in natural and artificial joints; material research in manufacturing processes; hard-soft matter interaction, including adhesive and capillary effects; using nanostructures for influencing living cells and for cancer treatment; manufacturing of surfaces with desired properties; self-organization of hierarchical structures during plastic deformation and thermal treatment; mechanics of composites and coatings; and many more. Covering established knowledge as well as new models and methods, this book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the field, yet also with extensive details on each single topic.
    Keywords: Solid Mechanics ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomaterials ; Biomechanical Analysis and Modeling ; Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology ; Biological Effects of Nanomaterials ; Cell–nanomaterial Interactions ; Bone Tissue Fracture ; Biomechanical Aspects of Joint Arthroplasty ; Resurfacing Endoprosthesis ; Two-phase Lubrication of Biological Joints ; Mechanics of Earthquakes ; Active Control of Tectonics ; Fracture Processes in Rock ; Multiscale Problems in Tribology ; Hierarchically Organized Structures ; Adhesive Contacts ; Friction Stir Processing ; Particle-based Discrete Element Method ; Low-dimensional Aluminum (Hydro)Oxides ; Nanostructures in Cancer Treatment ; Lattice Curvature ; Wear Resistance ; Open Access ; Mechanics of solids ; Biomedical engineering ; Materials science ; Biotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMD Engineering: Mechanics of solids ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Connecting Mathematics and Mathematics Education (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book features a selection of articles written by Erich Ch. Wittmann between 1984 to 2019, which shows how the “design science conception” has been continuously developed over a number of decades. The articles not only describe this conception in general terms, but also demonstrate various substantial learning environments that serve as typical examples. In terms of teacher education, the book provides clear information on how to combine (well-understood) mathematics and methods courses to benefit of teachers. The role of mathematics in mathematics education is often explicitly and implicitly reduced to the delivery of subject matter that then has to be selected and made palpable for students using methods imported from psychology, sociology, educational research and related disciplines. While these fields have made significant contributions to mathematics education in recent decades, it cannot be ignored that mathematics itself, if well understood, provides essential knowledge for teaching mathematics beyond the pure delivery of subject matter. For this purpose, mathematics has to be conceived of as an organism that is deeply rooted in elementary operations of the human mind, which can be seamlessly developed to higher and higher levels so that the full richness of problems of various degrees of difficulty, and different means of representation, problem-solving strategies, and forms of proof can be used in ways that are appropriate for the respective level. This view of mathematics is essential for designing learning environments and curricula, for conducting empirical studies on truly mathematical processes and also for implementing the findings of mathematics education in teacher education, where it is crucial to take systemic constraints into account.
    Keywords: Mathematics Education ; Teaching and Teacher Education ; Curriculum Studies ; Mathematics, general ; Mathematics ; Relating Mathematics to Mathematics Education ; Mathematics Education as a Design Science ; Substantial Learning Environments ; Integrating Theory and Practice ; Curriculum Development ; Developing mathematics education courses ; Open Access ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Teacher training ; Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDG Curriculum planning and development ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
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    The Once-Only Principle (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access State-of-the-Art Survey describes and documents the developments and results of the Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP). The Once-Only Principle (OOP) is part of the seven underlying principles of the eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020. It aims to make the government more effective and to reduce administrative burdens by asking citizens and companies to provide certain standard information to the public authorities only once. The project was horizontal and policy-driven with the aim of showing that the implementation of OOP in a cross-border and cross-sector setting is feasible. The book summarizes the results of the project from policy, organizational, architectural, and technical points of view.
    Keywords: Computer Applications ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Programming Techniques ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Computer Application in Administrative Data Processing ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Software Engineering ; access control ; communication systems ; computer systems ; cryptography ; databases ; Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) ; gateways (computer networks) ; information systems ; internet protocols ; network protocols ; object-oriented design ; object-oriented programming ; object-oriented programming languages ; signal processing ; social networks ; software architecture ; software design ; system architectures ; Information technology: general issues ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
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    Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Waste Management/Waste Technology ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Policy ; Sociology, general ; Soil Science ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Sustainable Waste Management ; Soil Water Retention ; Nutrients ; Health risks ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; Open Access ; Agricultural science ; Waste management ; Waste treatment & disposal ; Environmental management, ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNH Waste management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This revised textbook motivates and illustrates the techniques of applied probability by applications in electrical engineering and computer science (EECS). The author presents information processing and communication systems that use algorithms based on probabilistic models and techniques, including web searches, digital links, speech recognition, GPS, route planning, recommendation systems, classification, and estimation. He then explains how these applications work and, along the way, provides the readers with the understanding of the key concepts and methods of applied probability. Python labs enable the readers to experiment and consolidate their understanding. The book includes homework, solutions, and Jupyter notebooks. This edition includes new topics such as Boosting, Multi-armed bandits, statistical tests, social networks, queuing networks, and neural networks. For ancillaries related to this book, including examples of Python demos and also Python labs used in Berkeley, please email Mary James at mary.james@springer.com. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Probability and Statistics in Computer Science ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering ; Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes ; Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications ; Probability Theory ; Statistics in Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences ; Applied probability ; Hypothesis testing ; Detection theory ; Expectation maximization ; Stochastic dynamic programming ; Machine learning ; Stochastic gradient descent ; Deep neural networks ; Matrix completion ; Linear and polynomial regression ; Open Access ; Maths for computer scientists ; Mathematical & statistical software ; Communications engineering / telecommunications ; Maths for engineers ; Probability & statistics ; Stochastics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation::UYAM Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics
    Language: English
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    Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: The overall aim of this book, an outcome of the European FP7 FET Open NESS project, is to contribute to the ongoing effort to put the quantitative social sciences on a proper footing for the 21st century. A key focus is economics, and its implications on policy making, where the still dominant traditional approach increasingly struggles to capture the economic realities we observe in the world today - with vested interests getting too often in the way of real advances. Insights into behavioral economics and modern computing techniques have made possible both the integration of larger information sets and the exploration of disequilibrium behavior. The domain-based chapters of this work illustrate how economic theory is the only branch of social sciences which still holds to its old paradigm of an equilibrium science - an assumption that has already been relaxed in all related fields of research in the light of recent advances in complex and dynamical systems theory and related data mining. The other chapters give various takes on policy and decision making in this context. Written in nontechnical style throughout, with a mix of tutorial and essay-like contributions, this book will benefit all researchers, scientists, professionals and practitioners interested in learning about the 'thinking in complexity' to understand how socio-economic systems really work.
    Keywords: Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences ; Complex Systems ; Biotechnology ; Quantitative Economics ; Operations Research and Decision Theory ; Applied Dynamical Systems ; Behavioral economics ; Complex socio-economic systems ; Econophysics and Social Dynamics ; Information economy and policy informatics ; Paradigm shift in economic thinking ; Social dynamics in policy ; Quantitative social sciences ; Social research & statistics ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Economic theory & philosophy ; Operational research ; Management decision making ; Cybernetics & systems theory ; Computer applications in the social & behavioural sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJT Operational research ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general::GPF Information theory::GPFC Cybernetics & systems theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: English
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    The Economics of Big Science (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century. Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.
    Keywords: Particle and Nuclear Physics ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics) ; Big Data ; Investment Appraisal ; Nuclear and Particle Physics ; Economics ; Space Physics ; Finance ; Investing in fundamental science ; Societal benefits / value of science ; Measuring socio-economic impact of science ; Benefits from fundamental research ; Big science projects finance/costs ; Cost of large-scale scientific projects ; Societal value of fundamental science ; Open Access ; Particle & high-energy physics ; Research & development management ; Astronautics ; Databases ; Investment & securities ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTD Space science::TTDS Astronautics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KF Finance and accounting::KFF Finance and the finance industry::KFFM Investment and securities
    Language: English
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    Quaternion Algebras (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic theory of quaternion algebras and orders, a subject with applications in diverse areas of mathematics. Written to be accessible and approachable to the graduate student reader, this text collects and synthesizes results from across the literature. Numerous pathways offer explorations in many different directions, while the unified treatment makes this book an essential reference for students and researchers alike. Divided into five parts, the book begins with a basic introduction to the noncommutative algebra underlying the theory of quaternion algebras over fields, including the relationship to quadratic forms. An in-depth exploration of the arithmetic of quaternion algebras and orders follows. The third part considers analytic aspects, starting with zeta functions and then passing to an idelic approach, offering a pathway from local to global that includes strong approximation. Applications of unit groups of quaternion orders to hyperbolic geometry and low-dimensional topology follow, relating geometric and topological properties to arithmetic invariants. Arithmetic geometry completes the volume, including quaternionic aspects of modular forms, supersingular elliptic curves, and the moduli of QM abelian surfaces. Quaternion Algebras encompasses a vast wealth of knowledge at the intersection of many fields. Graduate students interested in algebra, geometry, and number theory will appreciate the many avenues and connections to be explored. Instructors will find numerous options for constructing introductory and advanced courses, while researchers will value the all-embracing treatment. Readers are assumed to have some familiarity with algebraic number theory and commutative algebra, as well as the fundamentals of linear algebra, topology, and complex analysis. More advanced topics call upon additional background, as noted, though essential concepts and motivation are recapped throughout.
    Keywords: Associative Rings and Algebras ; Group Theory and Generalizations ; Number Theory ; Open Access ; Quaternions ; Quaternion algebras ; Quaternion orders ; Quaternion ideals ; Noncommutative algebra ; Quaternions and quadratic forms ; Ternary quadratic forms ; Simple algebras and involutions ; Lattices and integral quadratic forms ; Hurwitz order ; Quaternion algebras over local fields ; Quaternion algebras over global fields ; Adelic framework ; Idelic zeta functions ; Quaternions hyperbolic geometry ; Quaternions arithmetic groups ; Quaternions arithmetic geometry ; Supersingular elliptic curves ; Abelian surfaces with QM ; Algebra ; Groups & group theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBF Algebra ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBG Groups and group theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBH Number theory
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    The World of the Seafarer (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book constitutes an ethnographic mosaic which depicts the contextual complexities of the life and work of seafarers who are employed in the international merchant cargo fleet. The collection is based upon the observations and interviews of researchers in multiple disciplines. It is woven together to offer a richly detailed insight into the ways in which a complex global industry operates internationally. The book covers issues to do with career decisions and recruitment, gender, life and work on board multinational vessels, health and safety issues, the regulation of the industry, shipboard roles and role conflict, and the representation of workers. It will be of considerable interest to all students globally who are studying for professional seafaring qualifications, to graduate students studying for masters courses in ship and port management, and to welfare professionals and policy makers. It is of special interest to those connected to the shipping industry who specialize in issues relating to 'the human element' and will serve as a paradigm defining text in this area.
    Keywords: Law of the Sea, Air and Outer Space ; Maritime Economics ; Gender Studies ; Economics ; Seafarers ; Shipping ; Globalisation ; Global regulation ; Gender ; Multinational crews ; Maritime ; Cargo ships ; Trade unions ; Health and safety at sea ; Open Access ; Public international law ; Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 1) (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This first open access book in a series of three volumes provides an in-depth analysis of social protection policies that EU Member States make accessible to resident nationals, non-resident nationals and non-national residents. In doing so, it discusses different scenarios in which the interplay between nationality and residence could lead to inequalities of access to welfare. Each chapter maps the eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits, by paying particular attention to the social entitlements that migrants can claim in host countries and/or export from home countries. The book also identifies and compares recent trends of access to welfare entitlements across five policy areas: health care, unemployment, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. As such this book is a valuable read to researchers, policy makers, government employees and NGO’s.
    Keywords: Social Sciences, general ; Microeconomics ; Social Policy ; Sociology of Migration ; Open access ; Ethnic diversity ; Access of migrants and their offspring to welfare ; Social protection policies ; EU Member States ; Resident nationals ; Non-resident nationals ; Non-national residents ; Inequalities of access to welfare ; Social benefits ; Health care ; Unemployment ; Family benefits ; Pensions ; Guaranteed minimum resources ; Society & Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Political economy ; Social & ethical issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCC Microeconomics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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    Soil age and soil organic carbon content shape biochemical responses to multiple freeze–thaw events in soils along a postmining agricultural chronosequence (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Freeze–thaw (FT) events exert a great physiological stress on the soil microbial community and thus significantly impact soil biogeochemical processes. Studies often show ambiguous and contradicting results, because a multitude of environmental factors affect biogeochemical responses to FT. Thus, a better understanding of the factors driving and regulating microbial responses to FT events is required. Soil chronosequences allow more focused comparisons among soils with initially similar start conditions. We therefore exposed four soils with contrasting organic carbon contents and opposing soil age (i.e., years after restoration) from a postmining agricultural chronosequence to three consecutive FT events and evaluated soil biochgeoemical responses after thawing. The major microbial biomass carbon losses occurred after the first FT event, while microbial biomass N decreased more steadily with subsequent FT cycles. This led to an immediate and lasting decoupling of microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry. After the first FT event, basal respiration and the metabolic quotient (i.e., respiration per microbial biomass unit) were above pre-freezing values and thereafter decreased with subsequent FT cycles, demonstrating initially high dissimilatory carbon losses and less and less microbial metabolic activity with each iterative FT cycle. As a consequence, dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen increased in soil solution after the first FT event, while a substantial part of the liberated nitrogen was likely lost through gaseous emissions. Overall, high-carbon soils were more vulnerable to microbial biomass losses than low-carbon soils. Surprisingly, soil age explained more variation in soil chemical and microbial responses than soil organic carbon content. Further studies are needed to dissect the factors associated with soil age and its influence on soil biochemical responses to FT events.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Description: https://datenzentrum.bonares.de/data-portal.php
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Agricultural post-mining chronosequence ; Basal respiration ; Biogeochemistry ; Metabolic quotient ; Microbial biomass ; Multiple freeze–thaw
    Language: English
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    The role of clay content and mineral surface area for soil organic carbon storage in an arable toposequence (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-13
    Description: Correlations between organic carbon (OC) and fine mineral particles corroborate the important role of the abundance of soil minerals with reactive surfaces to bind and increase the persistence of organic matter (OM). The storage of OM broadly consists of particulate and mineral-associated forms. Correlative studies on the impact of fine mineral soil particles on OM storage mostly combined data from differing sites potentially confounded by other environmental factors. Here, we analyzed OM storage in a soil clay content gradient of 5–37% with similar farm management and mineral composition. Throughout the clay gradient, soils contained 14 mg OC g−1 on average in the bulk soil without showing any systematic increase. Density fractionation revealed that a greater proportion of OC was stored as occluded particulate OM in the high clay soils (18–37% clay). In low clay soils (5–18% clay), the fine mineral-associated fractions had up to two times higher OC contents than high clay soils. Specific surface area measurements revealed that more mineral-associated OM was related to higher OC loading. This suggests that there is a potentially thicker accrual of more OM at the same mineral surface area within fine fractions of the low clay soils. With increasing clay content, OM storage forms contained more particulate OC and mineral-associated OC with a lower surface loading. This implies that fine mineral-associated OC storage in the studied agricultural soils was driven by thicker accrual of OM and decoupled from clay content limitations.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Technische Universität München (1025)
    Description: https://doi.org/10.14459/2018mp1462414
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; Soil organic matter ; Fine mineral particles ; Organic carbon storage ; Clay content ; Organic carbon loading ; Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
    Language: English
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    Early Holocene aeolian sediments in southwestern Crete−preliminary results (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-13
    Description: The soilscapes along the southern and western coast of Crete (Greece) are dominated by coarse-grained reddish-brown slope sediments whose natural (pre-anthropogenic) configuration and properties are difficult to reconstruct due to the long history of intense land use. As a consequence, datable terrestrial sediment archives of pre-anthropogenic genesis are scarce. We present preliminary results of a study performed on an accumulation within an alluvial fan south of Stomio Bay in southwestern Crete. The studied profile is located in a small depression and is composed of a sequence of sandy to silty yellowish-brown calcareous sediments overlying coarse-grained slope sediments, including a fossil topsoil horizon. Based on macroscopic, micromorphological, geochemical, geophysical and mineralogical analysis, we interpret the fine-grained sediments to have a local aeolian origin. OSL dating indicates a final deposition phase during the early Holocene. Considering the scarcity of early Holocene terrestrial archives in Crete, the analysed profile provides valuable data for the reconstruction of landscape dynamics and paleoecological conditions as well as soil-sediment configurations during this time period. Additional research is needed to address the specific source area(s) as well as the ages of the deposition of slope sediments and formation of the fossil topsoil.
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin (1008)
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; Aeolian sediments ; Fossil soil ; Early Holocene ; Crete ; Eastern Mediterranean
    Language: English
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    Understanding Micropolar Theory in the Earth Sciences I: The Eigenfrequency ωr (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: Even though micropolar theories are widely applied for engineering applications such as the design of metamaterials, applications in the study of the Earth’s interior still remain limited and in particular in seismology. This is due to the lack of understanding of the required elastic material parameters present in the theory as well as the eigenfrequency ωr which is not observed in seismic data. By showing that the general dynamic equations of the Timoshenko’s beam is a particular case of the micropolar theory we are able to connect micropolar elastic parameters to physically measurable quantities. We then present an alternative micropolar model that, based on the same physical basis as the original model, circumvents the problem of the original eigenfrequency ωr laking in seismological data. We finally validate our model with a seismic experiment and show it is relevant to explain observed seismic dispersion curves.
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Timoshenko beam theory ; plate theory ; Cosserat theory ; micropolar theory ; seismology
    Language: English
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    Bioavailable DOC: reactive nutrient ratios control heterotrophic nutrient assimilation—An experimental proof of the macronutrient-access hypothesis (2021)
    Graeber, Daniel ; Tenzin, Youngdoung ; Stutter, Marc ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-28
    Description: We investigate the "macronutrient-access hypothesis", which states that the balance between stoichiometric macronutrient demand and accessible macronutrients controls nutrient assimilation by aquatic heterotrophs. Within this hypothesis, we consider bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (bDOC), reactive nitrogen (N) and reactive phosphorus (P) to be the macronutrients accessible to heterotrophic assimilation. Here, reactive N and P are the sums of dissolved inorganic N (nitrate-N, nitrite-N, ammonium-N), soluble-reactive P (SRP), and bioavailable dissolved organic N (bDON) and P (bDOP). Previous data from various freshwaters suggests this hypothesis, yet clear experimental support is missing. We assessed this hypothesis in a proof-of-concept experiment for waters from four small agricultural streams. We used seven different bDOC:reactive N and bDOC:reactive P ratios, induced by seven levels of alder leaf leachate addition. With these treatments and a stream-water specific bacterial inoculum, we conducted a 3-day experiment with three independent replicates per combination of stream water, treatment, and sampling occasion. Here, we extracted dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorophores by measuring excitation-emission matrices with subsequent parallel factor decomposition (EEM-PARAFAC). We assessed the true bioavailability of DOC, DON, and the DOM fluorophores as the concentration difference between the beginning and end of each experiment. Subsequently, we calculated the bDOC and bDON concentrations based on the bioavailable EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores, and compared the calculated bDOC and bDON concentrations to their true bioavailability. Due to very low DOP concentrations, the DOP determination uncertainty was high, and we assumed DOP to be a negligible part of the reactive P. For bDOC and bDON, the true bioavailability measurements agreed with the same fractions calculated indirectly from bioavailable EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores (bDOC r〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.96, p 〈 0.001; bDON r〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.77, p 〈 0.001). Hence we could predict bDOC and bDON concentrations based on the EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores. The ratios of bDOC:reactive N (sum of bDON and DIN) and bDOC:reactive P (equal to SRP) exerted a strong, predictable stoichiometric control on reactive N and P uptake (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.80 and 0.83). To define zones of C:N:P (co-)limitation of heterotrophic assimilation, we used a novel ternary-plot approach combining our data with literature data on C:N:P ranges of bacterial biomass. Here, we found a zone of maximum reactive N uptake (C:N:P approx. 〉 114: 〈 9:1), reactive P uptake (C:N:P approx. 〉 170:21: 〈 1) and reactive N and P co-limitation of nutrient uptake (C:N:P approx. 〉 204:14:1). The “macronutrient-access hypothesis” links ecological stoichiometry and biogeochemistry, and may be of importance for nutrient uptake in many freshwater ecosystems. However, this experiment is only a starting point and this hypothesis needs to be corroborated by further experiments for more sites, by in-situ studies, and with different DOC sources.
    Description: Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011310
    Description: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ (4215)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; Ecological stoichiometry ; Dissolved organic nitrogen ; PARAFAC ; Dissolved inorganic nitrogen ; Phosphate ; Ternary plots
    Language: English
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    A Comprehensive Study of Infrasound Signals Detected from the Ingolstadt, Germany, Explosion of 1 September 2018 (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-23
    Description: The explosion at the Ingolstadt oil refinery was widely recorded at seismic and infrasound stations deployed throughout Central Europe, to distances of several hundred to a thousand kilometres. This study focuses on the wealth of data recorded at infrasound stations in Central and Eastern Europe, while from the many detecting seismic stations within 400 km range, only seismic and seismo-acoustic arrivals at the close-in Gräfenberg array are considered here. Most of the infrasound stations are acoustic arrays enabling us to apply array processing techniques to determine relevant wave field parameters, such as backazimuth and slowness (resp. trace velocity). These parameters not only confirm the source direction, but also put constraints on the observed arrivals’ propagation modes. Wave field parameters suggest that we observe tropospheric arrivals to about 150 km and stratospheric and/or thermospheric returns for longer distances. 1D, 2D and 3D ray tracing predict tropospheric arrivals to westerly directions up to distances of 100 km, beyond which only thermospheric returns are obtained azimuth-independent beyond 250–300 km. Stratospheric returns do not follow from any of the increasingly complex ray tracing models. Parabolic equation propagation modeling however suggests that in a number of cases stratospheric ducting may be possible. However, neither the tropospheric seismo-acoustic arrivals at the Gräfenberg array nor the various arrivals at IMS station IS26 could be modeled. Therefore, the Ingolstadt explosion along with the observed infrasonic phases provide an excellent test bed to investigate our ability in realistically forecasting atmospheric wave propagation with existing algorithms and available atmospheric models.
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; Infrasound ; explosion ; atmospheric models ; propagation modeling ; stratospheric ducting
    Language: English
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    Soil organic matter turnover rates increase to match increased inputs in grazed grasslands (2021)
    Stoner, Shane W. ; Hoyt, Alison M. ; Trumbore, Susan ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-23
    Description: Managed grasslands have the potential to store carbon (C) and partially mitigate climate change. However, it remains difficult to predict potential C storage under a given soil or management practice. To study C storage dynamics due to long-term (1952–2009) phosphorus (P) fertilizer and irrigation treatments in New Zealand grasslands, we measured radiocarbon (〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C) in archived soil along with observed changes in C stocks to constrain a compartmental soil model. Productivity increases from P application and irrigation in these trials resulted in very similar C accumulation rates between 1959 and 2009. The ∆〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C changes over the same time period were similar in plots that were both irrigated and fertilized, and only differed in a non-irrigated fertilized plot. Model results indicated that decomposition rates of fast cycling C (0.1 to 0.2 year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) increased to nearly offset increases in inputs. With increasing P fertilization, decomposition rates also increased in the slow pool (0.005 to 0.008 year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). Our findings show sustained, significant (i.e. greater than 4 per mille) increases in C stocks regardless of treatment or inputs. As the majority of fresh inputs remain in the soil for less than 10 years, these long term increases reflect dynamics of the slow pool. Additionally, frequent irrigation was associated with reduced stocks and increased decomposition of fresh plant material. Rates of C gain and decay highlight trade-offs between productivity, nutrient availability, and soil C sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy.
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Description: GNS Science
    Description: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (2)
    Description: https://github.com/ShaneStoner/Winchmore14C
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Radiocarbon ; Soil carbon ; Soil modeling ; Carbon sequestration ; Transit time ; SoilR
    Language: English
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    The 12 December 2017 Baumgarten Gas Hub Explosion: A Case Study on Understanding the Occurrence of a Large Infrasound Azimuth Residual and a Lack of Seismic Observations (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-27
    Description: The Baumgarten explosion occurred on 12 December 2017 at a gas storage site about 30 km east of Vienna, Austria. Acoustic arrivals from this accidental surface explosion were detected at dozens of stations of the AlpArray seismic network to distances up to 150 km, mainly in easterly directions. Thus it was expected that the Hungarian infrasound array PSZI located about 230 km to the east-southeast of Baumgarten would detect this acoustic wave as well. Standard progressive multichannel correlation processing and frequency-wavenumber analysis identified a signal emerging at 7:57:55 UTC from an azimuth of 296°–300° and with trace-velocity 〉 400 m/s. The extraordinarily high trace-velocity and excessive backazimuth residual, relative to the explosion site direction of 282°, however cast strong doubts on the arrival’s connection to the Baumgarten event. Accounting for the effect of non-planar geometry of the infrasound array results in a reduction of the azimuth residual by half. Additionally, 2D and 3D raytracing methods are used including the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric model to further explain the remaining azimuth residual as well as to elucidate the large trace velocity estimates. The prevailing stratospheric winds in excess of 150 m/s are identified as the underlying cause. Including both factors the initial azimuth residual of up to 18° decreases to ~ 4°, allowing to associate the infrasound signal at PSZI with the Baumgarten event. Finally, the data from a seismic station at 30 km range is re-investigated for magnitude estimation. The local magnitude of ML 〈 1.0 explains well the scarcity of seismic observations within 50 km range, where three or four stations show signals, mainly consisting of Rg-type surface waves, but no body waves.
    Description: https://www.geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/doi/network/HN
    Description: https://doi.org/10.14470/UA114590
    Description: https://www.geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/doi/network/SK
    Description: https://www.ecmwf.int/
    Description: https://www.github.com/LANL-Seismoacoustics/GeoAc
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Infrasound ; Baumgarten explosion ; array data processing ; backazimuth residual ; atmospheric sound propagation ; detection threshold
    Language: English
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    Multi-criteria modelling of drought: a study of Brandenburg Federal State, Germany (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Drought is the absence or below-required supply of precipitation, runoff and or moisture for an extended time period. Modelling drought is relevant in assessing drought incidence and pattern. This study aimed to model the spatial variation and incidence of the 2018 drought in Brandenburg using GIS and remote sensing. To achieve this, we employed a Multi-Criteria Approach (MCA) by using three parameters including Precipitation, Land Surface Temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We acquired the precipitation data from Deutsche Wetterdienst, Land Surface Temperature and NDVI from Landsat 8 imageries on the USGS Earth Explorer. The datasets were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.7. The information from these three datasets was used as parameters in assessing drought prevalence using the MCA. The MCA was used in developing the drought model, ‘PLAN’, which was used to classify the study area into three levels/zones of drought prevalence: moderate, high and extreme drought. We went further to quantify the agricultural areas affected by drought in the study area by integrating the land use map. Results revealed that 92% of the study area was severely and highly affected by drought especially in districts of Oberhavel, Uckermark, Potsdam-Staedte, and Teltow-Flaeming. Finding also revealed that 77.54% of the total agricultural land falls within the high drought zones. We advocated for the application of drought models (such as ‘PLAN’), that incorporates flexibility (tailoring to study needs) and multi-criteria (robustness) in drought assessment. We also suggested that adaptive drought management should be championed using drought prevalence mapping.
    Description: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (1040)
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; Drought ; Land surface temperature ; Brandenburg ; NDVI ; Agriculture
    Language: English
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    Global Radioxenon Emission Inventory from Nuclear Power Plants for the Calendar Year 2014 (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: For the purpose of monitoring for compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), the International Monitoring System (IMS) is being established that includes 40 sensor systems for atmospheric xenon radioactivity. Its purpose is to monitor the atmosphere for signatures that may indicate a nuclear explosion. Normal operational releases of radioxenon from nuclear facilities can regularly be observed by these very high-sensitive noble gas systems. Existing best estimates of releases for a generic year are unlikely to apply for any specific year at the level of individual facilities because their releases are highly variable and can change by several orders of magnitude from year to year. In this paper, best knowledge of the radioxenon emission inventory from nuclear power plants (NPPs) is collected for the calendar year 2014. The distribution function for each CTBT relevant radioxenon isotope is derived from all releases from NPPs as reported for 2014. The data of this paper can be used for developing and validating methods based on atmospheric transport modelling that are designed to enhance understanding of the impact of known sources on the IMS background observations.
    Description: Universität Hamburg (1037)
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; CTBT ; radioxenon ; emission inventory ; radionuclide monitoring ; atmospheric radioactivity
    Language: English
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    Pore structure and sorption capacity investigations of Ediacaran and Lower Silurian gas shales from the Upper Yangtze platform, China (2021)
    Hu, Zhazha ; Gaus, Garri ; Seemann, Timo ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: The shale gas potential of Ediacaran and Lower Silurian shales from the Upper Yangtze platform is assessed in this study with a focus on the contributions of clay minerals and organic matter to sorption capacity. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary assessment was carried out using petrophysical, mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical methods. In terms of TOC contents (4.2%), brittle mineral contents (68.6%) and maximum gas storage capacities (0.054–0.251 mmol/g) Ediacaran shales from this study show comparable properties to other producing shale gas systems although the thermal maturity is extremely high (VRr = 3.6%). When compared to lower Silurian shales from the same region, it is evident that (1) deeper maximum burial and (2) a lack of silica-associated preservation of the pores resulted in a relatively lower mesopore volume, higher micropore volume fraction and lower overall porosity (Ediacaran shales: 1.4–4.6%; Silurian shales: 6.2–7.4%). Gas production is therefore retarded by poor interconnectivity of the pore system, which was qualitatively demonstrated by comparing experimental gas uptake kinetics. TOC content exhibits a prominent control on sorption capacity and micropore volume for both shales. However, different contributions of clay minerals to sorption capacity were identified. This can partly be attributed to different clay types but is likely also related to burial-induced recrystallisation and different origins of illite. Additionally, it was shown that variations in sorption capacity due to incorrect estimates of clay mineral contribution are in the same range as variations due to differences in thermal maturity. Article highlights Pore structure and gas storage characteristics are evaluated for the first time for Ediacaran Shales from the Upper Yangtze platform Due to a lower free gas storage capacity and diffusivity, the Ediacaran shale can be regarded as a less favorable shale gas prospect when compared to the Silurian shale Clay mineral contribution to sorption capacity is evaluated taking clay mineralogy into consideration Maturity-related changes of organic matter sorption capacity have been discussed on the basis of a compiled data set
    Description: RWTH Aachen University (3131)
    Keywords: ddc:552 ; Ediacaran ; Silurian ; Sorption capacity ; Pore structure ; Mineralogy ; Thermal maturity
    Language: English
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    In situ sounding of radiative flux profiles through the Arctic lower troposphere (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: In situ profiles and fixed-altitude time series of all four components of net radiation were obtained at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9° N, 11.9° E), in the period May 04–21, 2015. Measurements were performed using adapted high-quality instrumentation classified as “secondary standard” carried by a tethered balloon system. Balloon-lifted measurements of albedo under clear-sky conditions demonstrate the local dependence on altitude and on the surface inhomogeneity of this parameter over coastal terrain of Ny-Ålesund. Depending on the surface composition within the sensor’s footprint near the coastline, the albedo over predominantly snow-covered surfaces was found to decrease to 0.548 and 0.452 at 494 m and 881 m altitude compared with 0.731 and 0.788 measured with near-surface references, respectively. Albedo profiles show an all-sky maximum at 150 m above surface level due to local surface inhomogeneity, and an averaged vertical change rate of − 0.040/100 up to 750 m aboveground level (clear sky) and − 0.034/100 m (overcast). Profiling of arctic low-level clouds reveals distinct vertical gradients in all radiative fluxes but longwave upward at the cloud top. Observed radiative cooling at the top of a partly dissolving stratus cloud with heating rates of − 40.4 to − 62.1 Kd−1 in subsequent observations is exemplified.
    Description: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutscher Wetterdienst, vertreten durch den Vorstand, Deutsche Meteorologische Bibliothek (4242)
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; Atmosphere ; Arctic ; In-situ profiling ; Albedo ; Clouds ; Heating rates
    Language: English
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    Seismic and Aseismic Preparatory Processes Before Large Stick–Slip Failure (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Natural earthquakes often have very few observable foreshocks which significantly complicates tracking potential preparatory processes. To better characterize expected preparatory processes before failures, we study stick-slip events in a series of triaxial compression tests on faulted Westerly granite samples. We focus on the influence of fault roughness on the duration and magnitude of recordable precursors before large stick–slip failure. Rupture preparation in the experiments is detectable over long time scales and involves acoustic emission (AE) and aseismic deformation events. Preparatory fault slip is found to be accelerating during the entire pre-failure loading period, and is accompanied by increasing AE rates punctuated by distinct activity spikes associated with large slip events. Damage evolution across the fault zones and surrounding wall rocks is manifested by precursory decrease of seismic b-values and spatial correlation dimensions. Peaks in spatial event correlation suggest that large slip initiation occurs by failure of multiple asperities. Shear strain estimated from AE data represents only a small fraction (〈 1%) of total shear strain accumulated during the preparation phase, implying that most precursory deformation is aseismic. The relative contribution of aseismic deformation is amplified by larger fault roughness. Similarly, seismic coupling is larger for smooth saw-cut faults compared to rough faults. The laboratory observations point towards a long-lasting and continuous preparation process leading to failure and large seismic events. The strain partitioning between aseismic and observable seismic signatures depends on fault structure and instrument resolution.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010956
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ (4217)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Earthquakes ; rupture ; stick–slip tests ; seismic ; aseismic
    Language: English
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    Archaeoseismological study of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge, Kairouan, Tunisia (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: In the past, several destructive earthquakes have occurred in the North African Atlas Mountain ranges located along the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Although the region is rich with impressive archaeological sites, including those in modern Tunisia, few comprehensive archaeoseismological studies have been conducted. Historic sources account at least three damaging earthquakes in the Kairouan area in central Tunisia between AD 859 and 1041. Little is known about which faults triggered these earthquakes or the size of these events. The water supply of the city of Kairouan depended on a 32-km-long aqueduct with a large bridge (now partially collapsed) at the confluence of the de Mouta and Cherichira rivers. The original bridge of Roman construction was retrofitted twice during the Aghlabid period (AD 800–903) and probably in AD 995 during the Fatimid period. The ruined section of the bridge shows damage which might be related to the AD 859 earthquake shaking. Here, we present a detailed study of the history, the status and the damage of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge using previous historic accounts and written works, a 3D laser scan model, local geological and seismological characteristics, and include results of radiocarbon dating and a timeline of events. In addition to earthquake ground motions, we consider severe flash floods on the bridge as a potential cause of the damage. We estimate the severity of such flash floods and develop a model with 18 earthquake scenarios on local reverse and strike-slip faults with magnitudes between MW 6.1 and 7.2. While a few damage patterns might be indicative of flooding, most damage can be attributed to earthquakes. It is highly probable that the earthquake in AD 859 caused enough damage to the Aghlabid bridge to render it dysfunctional; however, to resolve the question of whether another earthquake in AD 911 or 1041 caused the complete destruction of the previously retrofitted aqueduct by the Fatimids requires dating of additional sections of the bridge.
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Archaeoseismology ; Cherichira aqueduct ; Kairouan ; Historic earthquake ; Flash flood ; Laser scan ; Dating ; Synthetic seismogram
    Language: English
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    Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) (2020)
    Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús ; Terol, Enric ; Mora, Gaspar ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Elevated soil loss and runoff rates can reduce soil fertility; therefore, soil erosion control strategies must be implemented at the hillslope and watershed scale when plantations are established and the soil is bare. In this research, we propose the use of the Vicia sativa Roth. to reduce the soil losses during the first year to control the peak of soil erosion after the plantation in tilled vineyards. To test its efficiency, rainfall simulation experiments were carried out with field surveys in The Casa Pago Gran, in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate that soil properties (organic matter and soil bulk density) and soil erosion (soil loss, runoff and sediment concentration) were significantly different between the control plot (tilled) and with cover crops along with August 2016, 2017 and 2018 measurement periods, but not during January 2016, coinciding with the initial survey before the vetch sown. Runoff initiation was delayed in 3.7 times after 3 years (from 190 till 709 s). The runoff discharge was reduced by the Vicia sativa from 32.87 till 13.68%, the sediment concentration went down from 18.54 till 3.81 gr l−1 and the soil erosion from 3.36 to 0.29 Mg ha−1 year−1. An increase in soil bulk density was registered but did not affect the runoff generation either the soil losses, that was reduced by the plant cover. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion control measures such as the use of Vicia sativa to reduce soil erosion processes during the first stages of the vineyard plantations due to the soil quality improvements and the reduction in soil and water losses.
    Description: European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)
    Description: OECD (Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems)
    Description: Universität Trier (3163)
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Soil erosion ; Vineyards ; Soil management system ; Land degradation
    Language: English
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    Innovative Approaches, Tools and Visualization Techniques for Analysing Land Use Structures and Dynamics of Cities and Regions (Editorial) (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Geospatial analysis and visualisation can be used to gain knowledge about land use structure and its changes on different spatial scales, which in turn is key to unlock the potential for sustainable land use development. This editorial provides a frame to a set of papers of the topical collection “Innovative approaches, tools and visualization techniques for analyzing land use structures and dynamics of cities and regions”, which was initiated in conjunction with the 2017 International Land Use Symposium taken place in Dresden, Germany. It first introduces current, urging land use, development and management challenges. Further on, the editorial presents the individual contributions and reflects their affiliation to the themes “Mapping and Monitoring Approaches” and “Planning, Decision Support and Participation”. Although the objectives, methods and underlying data used in the papers of this topical collection greatly vary, as pieces of a puzzle they contribute to a better analysis and understanding of current and future land use structures and dynamics of cities and regions.
    Description: Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung e.V. (3483)
    Keywords: ddc:910 ; Land use structures ; Spatial planning ; Urban development ; Urban dynamics ; Decision support ; Monitoring ; Mapping
    Language: English
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    Mediate relation between electrical and thermal conductivity of soil (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Thermal conductivity is a key parameter for many soil applications, especially for dimensioning shallow and very shallow geothermal systems based on the possible heat extraction rate and for modelling heat transfer processes around high voltage underground cables. Due to the limited purview of direct thermal conductivity measurements, for an investigation of extensive areas, usually other geophysical methods like electrical resistivity tomography measurements are applied. To derive thermal conductivity of soil from geoelectrical measurements a relation between electrical and thermal conductivity is needed. Until now only few approaches worked on a direct correlation between both conductivities. Due to the difficulties of a direct relation, within this study a modular approach of a mediate correlation between electrical and thermal conductivity was investigated. Therefore, a direct relationship between a corrected electrical conductivity and water content as well as the standard and simple thermal conductivity model of Kersten (Bull of the Univ Minnesota 28:1–227, 1949) was used. To develop this concept soil types of sand, silt loam and clay were investigated where different saturation steps and pressure loads were applied. For each configuration electrical and thermal conductivity as well as water content and bulk density was determined. To refine the results of the calculated water content a corrective factor was applied. Furthermore, bulk density as an inlet parameter of the Kersten equation was also derived based on electrical conductivity. The suggested proceeding enables the determination of thermal conductivity solely based on electrical conductivity without prior soil property information.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002765
    Keywords: ddc:622.154 ; ERT ; Heat transfer ; Kersten model ; Water content ; Bulk density
    Language: English
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    The 1994 Piedmont flood: an archetype of extreme precipitation events in Northern Italy (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Extreme precipitation events (EPEs) are meteorological phenomena of major concern for the densely populated regions of northern and central Italy. Although statistically rare, they tend to be recurrent in autumn and share common characteristics in the large-scale dynamical evolution responsible for their generation. Past studies on EPEs have reported, as the main triggering factor, a meridionally elongated upper-level trough embedded in an incoming Rossby wave packet. In this respect, we show how the meteorological conditions leading to the devastating 1994 Piedmont flood represent a typical flow evolution for this type of extreme events. Exploiting the systematic classification of EPEs recently published by the authors and taking advantage of a new observational dataset, this article revisits the role of the large-scale flow on this and similar cases of past EPEs.
    Description: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Meteorologisches Institut, München, Germany
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Extreme precipitation ; Floods ; Po river ; Atmospheric rivers ; Rossby wave packets ; Downstream development
    Language: English
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    Metamorphic gabbro and basalt in ophiolitic and continental nappes of the Zermatt region (Western Alps) (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: The composition of meta-gabbro and meta-basalt occurring abundant and widespread in all nappes of the nappe stack exposed in the Zermatt region of the Western Alp shows distinct patterns related to the geodynamic origin of metamorphic basic rocks. Eclogitic meta-basalts of the ophiolitic Zermatt-Saas Unit (ZSU) show enriched MORB signatures. The meta-basalts (eclogites) of the continental fragment of the Theodul Glacier Unit (TGU) derive from pre-Alpine metamorphic continental intraplate basalts. Meta-basalts (eclogites) from the continental basement of the Siviez-Mischabel nappe (SMN) derive from MORB thus a genetic relation to the TGU eclogites can be excluded. All basic igneous rocks experienced post-magmatic alteration by fluid-rock interaction ranging from processes at the seafloor, in the shallow crust, during subduction zone hydration, in the exhumation channel and late Alpine regional metamorphisms. The consequences of these alteration processes can be identified at various levels in the rock composition data. It was found that the REE data are little affected by fluid-rock alteration. Some trace elements, notably Cs, Rb, and Ba are typically massively altered relative to igneous compositions in all three groups of meta-basalts. Generally, meta-basalts from the TGU and the SMN preserved the features of the original composition whilst the ZSU meta-volcanic rocks experienced massive alteration. For the ZSU meta-volcanic rocks it is evident that Zr was gained and Y lost during high-pressure fluid-rock interaction indicating a mobile behavior of the two elements during HP-metamorphism in contrast to their behavior in hydrothermal near-surface fluid-rock interaction.
    Description: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau (1016)
    Keywords: ddc:552.4 ; Meta-basalt ; Meta-gabbro ; Trace elements ; REE patterns ; Ophiolite
    Language: English
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    Geochemical focusing and sequestration of manganese during eutrophication of Lake Stechlin (NE Germany) (2020)
    Scholtysik, Grzegorz ; Dellwig, Olaf ; Roeser, Patricia ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: Significant sedimentation of manganese (Mn) in form of manganese oxides (MnOx) and the subsequent formation of authigenic calcium-rich rhodochrosite (Mn(Ca)CO3) were observed in the seasonally stratified hard water Lake Stechlin in north-eastern Germany. This manganese enrichment was assumed to be associated with recent eutrophication of the formerly oligotrophic lake. The mechanisms and processes involved were examined by analysing: (i) short sediment cores obtained from seven locations along a depth transect ranging from 69.5 m (the deepest point) to 38 m; (ii) sediment traps located at 20 m and 60 m water depths; (iii) water column profiles; and (iv) porewater profiles at 69.5 m and 58 m depths. Sedimentary Mn enrichment was observed at water depths below 56 m and increased to more than 25 wt% at the deepest site. Between 2010 and 2017, Mn accumulation at the deepest site was 815 g Mn m−2. Transfer of Mn from the shallower towards the deepest parts of the lake was initiated by reductive dissolution of MnOx and diffusion of dissolved Mn from the sediment to the overlying water column. Manganese was then dissipated via turbulent mixing and subsequently oxidised to MnOx before being transported towards the deepest zone. Transformation of the redeposited MnOx to Mn(Ca)CO3 favoured the final burial of Mn. We show that eutrophication and the areal spreading of anoxic conditions may intensify diagenetic processes and cause the spatial redistribution of Mn as well as its effective burial. Contrary to many previous findings, we show that increases of Mn and Mn/Fe can also be used as indicators for increasing anoxic conditions in previously oligotrophic lakes.
    Description: Leibniz-Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
    Description: Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (3473)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; Lacustrine sediments ; Geochemical focusing ; Eutrophication ; Diagenesis ; Rhodochrosite ; Varves
    Language: English
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    Performance of the International Monitoring System Seismic Network Based on Ambient Seismic Noise Measurements (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: All nuclear explosions are banned by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. In the context of the treaty a verification regime was put into place to detect, locate, and characterize nuclear explosions at any time, by anyone and everywhere on the Earth. The International Monitoring System, which plays a key role in the verification regime, was set up by the Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. Out of the several different monitoring techniques applied in the International Monitoring System the seismic waveform approach is the most effective and reliable technology for monitoring nuclear explosions underground. This study introduces a deterministic method of threshold monitoring that allows to asses a lower body wave magnitude limit of a potential seismic event in a certain geographical region, that can be detected by those seismic stations being part of the International Monitoring System network. The method is based on measurements of ambient seismic noise levels at the individual seismic stations along with global distance corrections terms for the body wave magnitude. The results suggest that an average global detection capability of approximately body wave magnitude 4.0 can be achieved using only stations from the primary seismic network of the International Monitoring System. The incorporation of seismic stations from the auxiliary seismic network leads to a slight improvement of the detection capability, while the use and analysis of wave arrivals from distances greater than 120∘ results in a significant improvement of the detection capability. Temporal variations in terms of hourly and monthly changes of the global detection capability can not be observed. Overall, comparisons between detection capability and manually retrieved body wave magnitudes from the Reviewed Event Bulletin suggest, that our method yields a more conservative estimation of the detection capability and that in reality detection thresholds might be even lower than estimated.
    Description: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) (4230)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; International monitoring system ; seismology ; detection capability ; ambient seismic noise ; body wave magnitude correction curves
    Language: English
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    Integrated Interpretation of Magnetic and ERT Data to Characterize a Landfill in the North-West of Cologne, Germany (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground magnetic surveys were applied to characterize an old uncontrolled landfill in a former exploited sand and gravel quarry in an area to the north-west of the city of Cologne, Germany. The total magnetic field and its vertical gradient were recorded using a proton precession magnetometer to cover an area of about 43,250 m2. The magnetic data were transferred to the frequency domain and then reduced to the north magnetic pole. The amplitude of the analytical signal was calculated to define the magnetic materials within and outside the landfill. Eight ERT profiles were constructed based on the results of the magnetic survey using different electrode arrays (Wenner, dipole–dipole, and Schlumberger). In order to increase both data coverage and sensitivity and to decrease uncertainty, a non-conventional mixed array was used. The subsurface resistivity distributions were imaged using the robust (L1-norm) inversion method. The resultant inverted subsurface true resistivity data were presented in the form of 2D cross sections and 3D fence diagram. These non-invasive geophysical tools helped us to portray the covering soil, the spatial limits of the landfill, and the depth of the waste body. We also successfully detected low resistivity zones at deeper depths than expected, which probably be associated with migration pathways of the leachate plumes. The findings of the present study provide valuable information for decision makers with regards to environmental monitoring and assessment.
    Description: Volkswagen Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:622.15 ; Landfill ; leachate plume ; magnetic gradiometry ; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) ; mixed array
    Language: English
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    Long- and Short-Term Monitoring of a Dam in Response to Seasonal Changes and Ground Motion Loading: The Test Case of the Kurpsai Dam, Western Kyrgyz Republic (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: An experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam’s segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time–frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ (4217)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Structural health monitoring ; Dam engineering ; Operational and environmental effects ; Strong-motion ; Strain ; Elastic response ; Kurpsai dam
    Language: English
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    Microsites and early litter decomposition patterns in the soil and forest canopy at regional scale (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Plant litter decomposition is a key ecological process that is mostly studied at the forest floor. However, decomposition generally starts in the canopy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of litter composition and climate on the initial phase of decomposition in the soil and two contrasting types of canopy microsites along an elevational gradient (0–2200 m a.s.l.). To this end, we incubated standard material composed by green (fast decomposing) and rooibos (slow decomposing) tea bags for three months. Tea bags were placed in soil (buried at 5 cm) and in the canopy at ca. 5 m above the ground in “micro-wetlands” (tank bromeliads) and dry crown microsites (branches). Along the elevational gradient, green tea decomposed faster than rooibos tea in all microsites and forests. Mass loss for both tea types was lowest on branches at all sites, except for green tea in a wet forest where decomposition did not significantly differ among microsites. In wet forests, decomposition did not differ between bromeliads and soil, while in a dry forest, decomposition was faster in bromeliads. We found that the effects of climatic variables [monthly average temperature (TEMP) and total precipitation (PREC) for the incubation months] on decomposition differed between microsites. Along the elevational gradient, the mass loss in soil was positively correlated with TEMP but not with PREC, whereas on branches, mass loss was negatively correlated with TEMP and positively correlated with PREC. Unlike on branches, mass loss in bromeliads slightly decreased with PREC and increased with TEMP. Our study shows that microsite conditions interact with climate (TEMP and PREC) leading to differences in the general decomposition patterns in the forest canopy.
    Description: CONACYT
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: Heinz Neumüller Stiftung
    Description: Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (3092)
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Arboreal soil ; Elevational gradient ; Tea bag index ; Epiphytes ; Bromeliads
    Language: English
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    Soil greenhouse gas fluxes following conventional selective and reduced-impact logging in a Congo Basin rainforest (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Selective logging is among the main causes of tropical forest degradation, but little is known about its effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from highly weathered Ferralsol soils in Africa. We measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes, and their soil controlling factors at two forests that had undergone conventional selective logging and reduced-impact logging in Cameroon. Each logging system had four replicate plots, each included the disturbed strata (road, logging deck, skidding trail, and felling gap) and an undisturbed reference area. Measurements were conducted monthly from September 2016 to October 2017. Annual GHG fluxes ranged from 4.9 to 18.6 Mg CO2–C, from 1.5 to 79 kg N2O–N, and from − 4.3 to 71.1 kg CH4–C ha−1 year−1. Compared to undisturbed areas, soil CO2 emissions were reduced and soil CH4 emissions increased in skidding trails, logging decks and roads (P 〈 0.01) whereas soil N2O emissions increased in skidding trails (P = 0.03–0.05). The combined disturbed strata had 28% decrease in soil CO2 emissions, 83% increase in soil N2O emissions, and seven times higher soil CH4 emissions compared to undisturbed area (P ≤ 0.01). However, the disturbed strata represented only 4–5% of the area impacted in both logging systems, which reduced considerably the changes in soil GHG fluxes at the landscape level. Across all strata, soil GHG fluxes were regulated by soil bulk density and water-filled pore space, indicating the influence of soil aeration and gas diffusion, and by soil organic carbon and nitrogen, suggesting the control of substrate availability on microbial processes of these GHG.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Description: https://doi.org/10.25625/TWSFRU
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Ferralsols ; Selective logging ; Soil CH4 fluxes ; Soil CO2 emissions ; Soil N2O emissions ; Tropical forest
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Coastal waters have strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, originating from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Enclosed seas with high freshwater input therefore experience high DOM concentrations and gradients from freshwater sources to more saline waters. The brackish Baltic Sea experiences such salinity gradients from east to west and from river mouths to the open sea. Furthermore, the catchment areas of the Baltic Sea are very diverse and vary from sparsely populated northern areas to densely populated southern zones. Coastal systems vary from enclosed or open bays, estuaries, fjords, archipelagos and lagoons where the residence time of DOM at these sites varies and may control the extent to which organic matter is biologically, chemically or physically modified or simply diluted with transport off-shore. Data of DOM with simultaneous measurements of dissolved organic (DO) nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) across a range of contrasting coastal systems are scarce. Here we present data from the Roskilde Fjord, Vistula and Öre estuaries and Curonian Lagoon; four coastal systems with large differences in salinity, nutrient concentrations, freshwater inflow and catchment characteristics. The C:N:P ratios of DOM of our data, despite high variability, show site specific significant differences resulting largely from differences residence time. Microbial processes seemed to have minor effects, and only in spring did uptake of DON in the Vistula and Öre estuaries take place and not at the other sites or seasons. Resuspension from sediments impacts bottom waters and the entire shallow water column in the Curonian Lagoon. Finally, our data combined with published data show that land use in the catchments seems to impact the DOC:DON and DOC:DOP ratios of the tributaries most.
    Description: Academy of Sciences of Finland
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: BONUS COCOA and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
    Description: Academy of Finland
    Description: Danish Research Council for Independent Research
    Description: BONUS COCOA Project
    Description: Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW) (3484)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; Coastal systems ; Dissolved organic matter ; Riverine input ; Baltic Sea
    Language: English
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    The OGS-Eclipse code for simulation of coupled multiphase flow and geomechanical processes in the subsurface (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: This paper presents a numerical simulation tool for the analysis of coupled processes related to subsurface operations. The tool combines the open-source scientific code OpenGeoSys with the reservoir simulator Eclipse enabling the coupling of thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and geochemical processes. While the coupling of multiphase flow with heat and reactive geochemical component transport has been already implemented, OpenGeoSys-Eclipse is now extended for the coupling of multiphase flow and deformation. By this, OpenGeoSys-Eclipse is capable of addressing the impact of pore pressure changes on rock stability and deformation as well as the feedback effects of geomechanical processes on multiphase flow via pore volume coupling and porosity and permeability update. The coupling is verified by several test cases of gas storage scenarios and compared with reference simulations of OpenGeoSys. The results are in good agreement regarding the general effects of geomechanical feedback on pore pressure as well as porosity and permeability changes. Differences in the results are only observed for the pore volume coupling arising from the different implementation of rock compressibility models in the two simulators. The simulations are furthermore used to investigate the relevance of addressing geomechanical feedback in numerical scenario simulations for the assessment of subsurface operations. The results show clearly, that, depending on the given storage site conditions and rock types, the feedback of deformation on pore pressure can be significant and should therefore be accounted for in the assessment.
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Numerical simulation ; Coupled hydromechanical processes ; Code development and verification ; OpenGeoSys-Eclipse
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Validation and calibration of coupled porous-medium and free-flow problems using pore-scale resolved models (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: The correct choice of interface conditions and effective parameters for coupled macroscale free-flow and porous-medium models is crucial for a complete mathematical description of the problem under consideration and for accurate numerical simulation of applications. We consider single-fluid-phase systems described by the Stokes–Darcy model. Different sets of coupling conditions for this model are available. However, the choice of these conditions and effective model parameters is often arbitrary. We use large-scale lattice Boltzmann simulations to validate coupling conditions by comparison of the macroscale simulations against pore-scale resolved models. We analyse three settings (lid-driven cavity over a porous bed, infiltration problem and general filtration problem) with different geometrical configurations (channelised and staggered distributions of solid grains) and different sets of interface conditions. Effective parameters for the macroscale models (permeability tensor, boundary layer constants) are computed numerically for each geometrical configuration. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the sensitivity of the coupled Stokes–Darcy problem to the location of the sharp fluid–porous interface, the effective model parameters and the interface conditions.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (DE)
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Stokes equations ; Darcy’s law ; Interface conditions ; Lattice Boltzmann method
    Language: English
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    Modeling, simulation, and optimization of geothermal energy production from hot sedimentary aquifers (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: Geothermal district heating development has been gaining momentum in Europe with numerous deep geothermal installations and projects currently under development. With the increasing density of geothermal wells, questions related to the optimal and sustainable reservoir exploitation become more and more important. A quantitative understanding of the complex thermo-hydraulic interaction between tightly deployed geothermal wells in heterogeneous temperature and permeability fields is key for a maximum sustainable use of geothermal resources. Motivated by the geological settings of the Upper Jurassic aquifer in the Greater Munich region, we develop a computational model based on finite element analysis and gradient-free optimization to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in hot sedimentary aquifers, and numerically investigate the optimal positioning and spacing of multi-well systems. Based on our numerical simulations, net energy production from deep geothermal reservoirs in sedimentary basins by smart geothermal multi-well arrangements provides significant amounts of energy to meet heat demand in highly urbanized regions. Our results show that taking into account heterogeneous permeability structures and a variable reservoir temperature may drastically affect the results in the optimal configuration. We demonstrate that the proposed numerical framework is able to efficiently handle generic geometrical and geological configurations, and can be thus flexibly used in the context of multi-variable optimization problems. Hence, this numerical framework can be used to assess the extractable geothermal energy from heterogeneous deep geothermal reservoirs by the optimized deployment of smart multi-well systems.
    Description: Leibniz-Gemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Porous and fractured geothermal reservoir modeling ; Geothermal multi-well configurations ; Finite element method ; Thermo-hydraulic coupling ; Optimization ; Open-source software
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Accuracy of fully coupled and sequential approaches for modeling hydro- and geomechanical processes (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: Subsurface flow and geomechanics are often modeled with sequential approaches. This can be computationally beneficial compared with fully coupled schemes, while it requires usually compromises in numerical accuracy, at least when the sequential scheme is non-iterative. We discuss the influence of the choice of scheme on the numerical accuracy and the expected computational effort based on a comparison of a fully coupled scheme, a scheme employing a one-way coupling, and an iterative scheme using a fixed-stress split for two subsurface injection scenarios. All these schemes were implemented in the numerical simulator DuMux. This study identifies conditions of problem settings where differences due to the choice of the model approach are as important as differences in geologic features. It is shown that in particular transient and multiphase flow, effects can be causing significant deviations between non-iterative and iterative sequential schemes, which might be in the same order of magnitude as geologic uncertainty. An iterated fixed-stress split has the same numerical accuracy as a fully coupled scheme but only for a certain number of iterations which might use up the computational advantage of solving two smaller systems of equations rather than a big monolithical one.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: H2020 European Research Council https://doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Flow and geomechanics ; Fully coupled and sequential schemes ; Fixed-stress scheme ; Numerical accuracy ; Geologic uncertainty
    Language: English
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    Brittle anisotropic fracture propagation in quartz sandstone: insights from phase-field simulations (2020)
    Prajapati, Nishant ; Herrmann, Christoph ; Späth, Michael ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: We developed a generalized multiphase-field modeling framework for addressing the problem of brittle fracture propagation in quartz sandstones at microscopic length scale. Within this numerical approach, the grain boundaries and crack surfaces are modeled as diffuse interfaces. The two novel aspects of the model are the formulations of (I) anisotropic crack resistance in order to account for preferential cleavage planes within each randomly oriented quartz grain and (II) reduced interfacial crack resistance for incorporating lower fracture toughness along the grain boundaries that might result in intergranular crack propagation. The presented model is capable of simulating the competition between inter- and transgranular modes of fracturing based on the nature of grain boundaries, while exhibiting preferred fracturing directions within each grain. In the full parameter space, the model can serve as a powerful tool to investigate the complicated fracturing processes in heterogeneous polycrystalline rocks comprising of grains of distinct elastic properties, cleavage planes, and grain boundary attributes. We demonstrate the performance of the model through the representative numerical examples.
    Description: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Ministry of Baden-Wuerttemberg
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Brittle fracture ; Phase-field modeling ; Multiphase systems ; Quartz sandstone ; Anisotropic crack resistance ; Interfacial crack resistance
    Language: English
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    Understanding Micropolar Theory in the Earth Sciences I: The Eigenfrequency $\omega_r$ (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Even though micropolar theories are widely applied for engineering applications such as the design of metamaterials, applications in the study of the Earth’s interior still remain limited and in particular in seismology. This is due to the lack of understanding of the required elastic material parameters present in the theory as well as the eigenfrequency $\omega _r$ which is not observed in seismic data. By showing that the general dynamic equations of the Timoshenko’s beam is a particular case of the micropolar theory we are able to connect micropolar elastic parameters to physically measurable quantities. We then present an alternative micropolar model that, based on the same physical basis as the original model, circumvents the problem of the original eigenfrequency $\omega _r$ laking in seismological data. We finally validate our model with a seismic experiment and show it is relevant to explain observed seismic dispersion curves.
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Timoshenko beam theory ; plate theory ; Cosserat theory ; micropolar theory ; seismology
    Language: English
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    Understanding Micropolar Theory in the Earth Sciences II: The Seismic Moment Tensor (2021)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Seismic events produced by block rotations about vertical axis occur in many geodynamic contexts. In this study, we show that these rotations can be accounted for using the proper theory, namely micropolar theory, and a new asymmetric moment tensor can be derived. We then apply this new theory to the Kaikōura earthquake (2016/11/14), Mw 7.8, one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded with modern instrumental techniques. Using advanced numerical techniques, we compute synthetic seismograms including a full asymmetric moment tensor and we show that it induces measurable differences in the waveforms proving that seismic data can record the effects of the block rotations observed in the field. Therefore, the theory developed in this work provides a full framework for future dynamic source inversions of asymmetric moment tensors.
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Seismology ; asymmetric moment tensor ; micropolar theory ; Kaikōura earthquake
    Language: English
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    Efficient solution techniques for two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media using exact Jacobians (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Two efficient and scalable numerical solution methods will be compared using exact Jacobians to solve the fully coupled Newton systems arising during fully implicit discretization of the equations for two-phase flow in porous media. These methods use algebraic multigrid (AMG) to solve the linear systems in every Newton step. The algebraic multigrid methods rely on (i) a Schur Complement Reduction (SCR-AMG) and (ii) a Constrained Pressure Residual method (CPR-AMG) to decouple elliptic and hyperbolic contributions. Both methods employ automatic differentiation (AD) to calculate exact Jacobians and are compared with finite difference (FD) approximations of the Jacobian. The superiority of AD is shown by several numerical test cases from the field of CO2 geo-sequestration comprising two- and three-dimensional examples. A weak scaling test on JUQUEEN, a BlueGene/Q supercomputer, demonstrates the efficiency and scalability of both methods. To achieve maximum comparability and reproducibility, the Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) is used as framework for the comparison of all solvers.
    Description: Horizon 2020 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601
    Description: Horizon 2020 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601
    Keywords: ddc:550.2 ; Algebraic multigrid (AMG) ; Schur complement reduction (SCR-AMG) ; Constrained pressure residual (CPR-AMG) ; Multiphase flow in porous media ; Automatic differentiation (AD) ; CO2 geo-sequestration ; 65F08 ; 65M55 ; 76T10
    Language: English
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