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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: During the Quaternary the volume of the world’s oceans fluctuated, with sea level falls as the water has been incorporated into polar and high latitude ice sheets, and sea level rise as these have subsequently melted. Sea-level lowstands were therefore related to the Pleistocene glaciations, while high-stands correlate with interglacials. In general the climate variations in Africa shows a simple relation: Cold or cool climates are associated with dry episodes and warm climates are associated with wet episodes. This applies to the major Milankovich driven glacials and interglacials, as well as to short-lived intervals related to sun spot activities. The reconstruction of palaeoshorelines in the Maputo Bay, and the climate around the Maputo Bay is based on bathymetric maps. At about 18,000 yr BP (-130 meters sea level) the Maputo Bay was located in an inland position. As the sea level rose to about 20 m below present around 9000 - 10000 years BP, a barrier island complex developed in the northern coast, which is well defined by 20 m contour palaeoshoreline. The Maputo Bay is only formed around 8000 – 9000 years BP (when the sea level was 10 to 12 m below the present, and it was a long lasting still stand sea level. A huge island was protecting the bay from the sea. Tidal inlet and its associated ebb delta were separating the island from the peninsula in the south and were connecting the lagoon into the sea. The complete picture of Maputo Bay patterns with its modern sedimentary environments including Inhaca Island may have evolved when the sea level has stood close to its present level around 7000 – 5000 years BP, after which the Maputo Bay became more or less stable. Coral reefs may have also developed during this period. Submarine modifications of the topography during and after the sea-level rise make it difficult to make safe interpretations of the coastal palaeomorphology. However, we believe that many of the present major submarine bottom forms, which are seen on the maps today, are related to coastal processes during the sea-level rise, and were preserved when they were flooded during the Holocene transgression.
    Keywords: Geology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present paper is based on a collation of information, through both a literature review and an internet search, on North American programs that involve some kind of scientific collaboration between fishers and fisheries scientists. It identifies four basic models of such collaboration and offers examples of collaborative activities that seem to fit into each of them. The first model defers to the expertise of the scientist for all major decisions and creates a strong programmatic distinction between what is science, and shall be done by scientists, and what are other, related activities that can be carried out by others. Various kinds of tagging programs, fisher advisory boards, at-sea research collaboration and many other activities fit this model. The second model, traditional ecological knowledge, recognizes that fishers have available to them a unique, local knowledge of the resource that can make a supplementary contribution to fisheries science. Several government, community and environmental groups are engaged in finding, recording and using this knowledge....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Mariculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Dr Sebek introduced the ACOPS report which sums up the activities undertaken since the last Preparatory Committee meeting all of which are detailed in Annex V. In particular, Dr Sebek said that several strategic partnerships were being forged in order that certain components of the work programme, as agreed at the First Preparatory Committee Meeting in Nairobi in February, could start as soon as possible. A good example of such a policy, in the field of root cause analyses was the anticipated co-operation with UNESCO.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 4
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    UNEP; Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: At present, the impact of accidental catch on sea turtle populations is one of the most urgent problems that must be solved to ensure the survival of all these species worldwide. In the Mediterranean, too, all marine turtle species are affected by fishing activities, in particular the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, which are more common than the others and are the only ones breeding in this sea. Since the Mediterranean populations of both species seem to be genetically isolated from the Atlantic ones (Bowen et al., 1992; Bowen et al., 1993; Laurent et al., 1993), fishing-induced mortality probably cannot be counterbalanced by immigration. This implies that the survival of the Mediterranean populations of these species depends to a great extent on the conservation effort that the Mediterranean countries carry on in the near future to reduce accidental mortality.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Marine turtles ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Karoo Basin is one of the most extensively exposed and well studied of all the major Gondwana basins along the southern margin of Gondwana. It has been modelled as a retroarc foreland basin in which the basin-fill has been divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd order depositional sequences, bounded by unconformities and/or abrupt facies changes (Catuneanu et al., 1999), and linked to specific tectonic events in the adjacent orogen to the south. In contrast, Johnson et al. (1997) state that ?no significant unconformities are known to exist within the [Karoo] basin, with the possible exception of the one at the base of the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation?. The foreland basin model further suggests that foreland basin tectonics influenced Karoo stratigraphic relations right up to the base of the Drakensberg Lavas, which are inferred to represent continental rifting, prior to Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous separation of east and west Gondwana. This paper presents an alternative model for stratigraphic evolution of the non-marine Upper Karoo Basin in which changes in stratal geometries, stacking patterns and accommodation space are explained in terms of thermally-induced pulsed crustal uplift and continental rifting prior to basalt eruption and the separation of east and west Gondwana.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Geology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: As pan of the EROS-2000 project (European River Ocean Systems),sediment samples were collected in the North Western basin of the Mediterranean Sea in May 1990. In these samples trace and/or majorelements were determined to advance the knowledge about theconcentration, sources and cycles of natural and anthropogenicconstituents in coastal areas. Three fractions were determined: the porewater fraction whichcontains all dissolved elements the leachable fraction which containsall easily available elements and the residual fraction which containsthe strongly bound elements in the sediments. The results show thatthe investigated area can be separated into five "sub-areas" which aredifferent in element concentration, leachable fraction andsedimentary composition. Highest concentrations of trace elementsare found in sediments closest to the Rh6ne delta. In this area severaldiagenetic processes are observable. In summary the Rhone is probably the major source for several(trace-) elements to the Gulf of Lions which is located close to theriver mouth of the Rhone. The influence of the Ebro on (trace-)element concentrations in the sediments close to theriver mouth isprobably minimal.
    Keywords: Sediments ; Geology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The coastal waters of West Africa are among the world's richest fishing grounds ... for the time being. Droughts have ravaged the hinterland and as a result people have steadily moved towards the shores of Senegal and Mauritania. At the same time the international fishing industry seems intent on exploiting West African waters to a greater and greater extent. Nicolien Zuijdgeest and photographer Bas Beentjes visited the region and found that the sustainability of fisheries is being seriously threatened.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Le Gabon est situé en Afrique centrale avec une façade atlantique . Il est limité au Nord par le Cameroun, au Nord-ouest par la Guinée Equatoriale, à l’Est et au Sud par le Congo. La zone économique exclusive (ZEE) a une surface de 213.000 Km². elle est plus vaste que celle de Sao-Tomé et Principé, pays insulaire voisin (160.000 Km²). La façade maritime à une longueur de 750 Km , de Coccobeach à Ndindi. La largeur moyenne du plateau continental est de 60 Km, soit une surface à peu-près de 40.600 Km² de la côte à l’isobathe de 200 mètres. Ce plateau se termine par un talus peu abrupt, d’une longueur de 750 Km et d’une superficie de 11.200 Km² entre 200 et 800 mètres de profondeur....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Environments ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In 1997, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, with the financial support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, initiated a project to examine the relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the rules of international trade–those administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular. The project was motivated by a widely shared concern that the aims of the CBD, which are essentially to conserve and equitably distribute the benefits of the environment, might be undermined by the WTO, which aims at the liberalisation of trade. Liberalised trade has the potential to integrate economies, regionally and globally, in mutually beneficial ways. But some observers are concerned that it may do so at a cost of impairing the environment and amplifying disparities in wealth, much of which, in poorer nations, is disproportionately represented in endowments of natural resources. Other commentators have claimed to locate synergistic potential, suggesting, for example, that trade law’s anti-subsidy disciplines might be conscripted into the campaign against environmental abuses such as overfishing.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; International trade ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Four samples of sandstone from deformed Aptian–Albian sediments and their less deformed Turonian cover at Sites 959 and 960 on the Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Marginal Ridge yielded sufficient apatite for fission track analysis. Reduced mean track length values of 12.42 ± 0.16 μm to 13.67 ± 0.11 μm indicate that measured central ages, which range from 88 ± 4 Ma to 113 ± 4 Ma, have undergone partial resetting and are therefore apparent ages. Stochastic modeling of the fission track age and length parameters indicate that the samples have a strong predepositional signal, slightly modified by minor levels of prolonged postdepositional annealing (maximum temperatures 〈80°C). The preserved provenance-related signal records cooling through the apatite partial annealing zone (60°-110°C) during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, prior to 100 Ma (Albian). The absence of substantial postdepositional annealing suggests that the Marginal Ridge was not significantly heated by the passage of an oceanic spreading center along the transform margin during the Turonian (»90 Ma). Instead the fission track data record cooling in response to denudation of the sediment source terrain initiated during the intracontinental wrench phase of tectonism. The 110°C of cooling corresponds to approximately 4 km of denudation, assuming normal geothermal gradients, a figure that is comparable to measured erosion along the flanks of the northern San Andreas fault or inferred from the Dead Sea.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Geology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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