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  • Articles  (9,818)
  • 1995-1999  (9,818)
  • 1995  (9,818)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (9,818)
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  • Articles  (9,818)
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  • 1995-1999  (9,818)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An e-mail based soil erosion discussion list (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00485.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carbon content of soil and its geographical distribution in Great Britain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. England and Wales have 155 314 1 × 1 km squares, of which 140049 have more than 50% soil cover. The total soil organic carbon content, based on the dominant soil series and dominant land cover type, is estimated to be 2773 × 106 t C. Scotland has 84929 1 × 1 km squares, of which 82 420 have a nominated dominant soil series. The total soil organic carbon content is estimated to be 19011 × 106 t C, 6.85 times the total organic carbon content of the soil of England and Wales. The total organic carbon content of the soil of Great Britain is estimated to be 21 784 × 106 t C, of which 87% is in Scottish soils and 75% is in Scottish peats.A map of the mean soil organic carbon content of 10 × 10 km squares of the National Grid using classes of equal range illustrates the narrow range of organic carbon contents of the soils of England and Wales and the dominance of organic carbon in Scottish soils. A map using the same data, but with classes of unequal ranges increasing in size with increasing carbon content, is better for showing detailed differences within England and Wales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00488.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming the spatial basis of agricultural census cover data (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Land cover data from the June agricultural census of England and Wales have historically been published annually at the parish level. This level of spatial resolution masks heterogeneity of land use within parishes, limiting the value of the data for detailed spatial analyses. However, variation in land characteristics across parishes can be used to model variation in land cover, thereby allowing the spatial basis of the census data to be transformed. This procedure, referred to as areal interpolation, is illustrated using two land classification systems based on soils for a study area in northern England. The results indicate that the spatially transformed data offer a better description of the distribution of land covers than that provided by the raw census data. They also demonstrate the extra value that can be obtained by combining extant data sources within a GIS framework. Potential roles for areal interpolation in environmental modelling and policy formulation are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00490.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water treatment sludge: a potential plant growth medium (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The disposal of water treatment sludge produced when turbid water is treated with flocculants (alum and polyDADMAC) and filtered for clarification is becoming increasingly expensive in South Australia. The physical and chemical properties of the sludge suggest that it might be used as a plant growth medium, and a glasshouse experiment compared the growth and elemental composition of broad beans in both alum and polyDADMAC sludge applied at different rates.Dry matter production differed significantly between treatments. Poly + Fertilizer (F) and Poly 4%+ F produced the most dry matter. The Alum + F treatment produced significantly less dry matter than the Poly + F treatment but it was not significantly different from the control. The difference in plant growth between the pure poly and pure alum treatments resulted from increased availability of the fertilizer phosphorus in the poly sludge and the supply of some potassium and nitrogen by the poly sludge. Fertilizer was required for optimum plant growth. Greater rates of fertilizer may be required if alum sludge is to be used as a growth medium, than if poly sludge is used.There was no evidence that aluminium toxicity would be a problem if water treatment sludges are used as growth media. The physical properties of the sludges (i.e. water holding capacity, drainage characteristics and structural stability) are probably more important than their inherent nutrient levels, although poly sludge does supply some nitrogen and does not fix phosphorus to the same extent as alum sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00492.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of yield caused by soil erosion on sandy soils in the UK (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Soil productivity, the intrinsic ability of land to yield useful products, can be affected by soil erosion. While much research has been carried out on the processes, there is as yet little information on the impact of soil erosion on in situ productivity of agricultural land in the British Isles.This paper reports the results of a de-surfacing experiment on deep sandy soils in East Anglia. Grain yields of fertilized barley planted immediately after de-surfacing were at least 15 and 45% less on 15 and 25 cm de-surfaced plots than on non-desurfaced soils. There was strong evidence pointing to an acceleration of soil erosion itself on the de-surfaced plots. Both the amount of water stored in the topsoil and water use by the crop decreased with increasing severity of simulated erosion. We observed a drop in organic matter and readily available nitrogen with erosion. Nitrogen mineralization and leaching losses were also affected by simulated soil erosion.The experiment showed that sudden severe erosion may induce substantial barley production losses on deep sandy soils. The size and effect of de-surfacing depends on a number of factors such as soil depth, subsoil type, precipitation and crop type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00949.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green manuring with clover and ryegrass catch crops undersown in spring wheat: effects on soil structure (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of undersown catch crops to counteract soil degradation after autumn ploughing. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were undersown in spring wheat on a loam soil in southern Norway, allowed to grow as cover crops after grain harvest and ploughed in to 20 cm depth as green manure in late October. Ryegrass prevented a collapse of the ridged plough furrow profile during winter, which occurred on grain monoculture and white-clover plots. Also, it tended to improve the water stability of aggregates, aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and pore volume in soil sampled in May. The preservation of the plough furrow profile was mainly attributed to enmeshment by an extensive system of fine roots and less to rhizosphere and microbial effects on aggregate stability. The results showed that ryegrass catch crops may give rapid structure improvements that are likely to contribute appreciably to easier seedbed preparation and less soil degradation in arable farming systems, even if the soil is ploughed in autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00950.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of soil management on drainage hydrographs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Drainage hydrographs from mole-drained plots having different tillage treatments (tractor tined, gantry tined, tractor ploughed and gantry ploughed) were measured for different rain events over a growing season. In the autumn just after tillage, a large rainfall produced peaky drain flows on the tined plots but a rather flat response from the ploughed plots. In the winter, the drain response to a small rain event showed less differences in peak flows between the treatments. The recession time constant of the hydrographs was used as an index of the structural macropore development in the soil above the water table. Hydrographs from the gantry plots recessed more quickly than those on the tractor plots and those on the tined plots recessed more quickly than those on the ploughed plots. Lack of soil compaction on the gantry plots and continuous vertical fissuring created by the non-inverting tillage tines resulted in the gantry tined treatment having the fastest drainage response. In the ploughed plots compaction and smearing of the soil at the base of the plough layer restricted the rate of downward movemenl of water. The work indicates that soil management practices can play an important role in the drainage and leaching of aggregated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00952.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traffic and tillage effects on soil conditions and crop growth on a swelling clay soil (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Trafficked and non-trafficked (12 m gantry) crop production systems, which had been maintained on an Evesham series 60% clay soil since 1986, were used again in 1993 during the cultivation and sowing of winter wheat. After a one year set-aside break, mouldboard ploughing, tine cultivation and rotary digging were compared. Measurements were made of tillage energy, soil tilth, cone penetration resistance, biological activity and crop performance, and on specific plots, soil density, seedbed tilth and water release characteristics.Despite the one year's set-aside break, the effect of the previously applied traffic treatments remained and resulted in a smaller specific plough resistance and tillage energy on the non-trafficked soil. Tine cultivator draught however was greater on the non-trafficked compared with the trafficked plots. The specific energy required for rotary digging on non-trafficked soil was similar to that required during the ploughing of similar plots.A measure of indefinite biotic activity indicated that this was apparently greater on the non-traffficked soil, while soil density was decreased by up to 18% in these conditions compared with the trafficked land. Average cone resistance over the depth range 0 to 0.5 m was 1.51 MPa on the trafficked, compared with 1.24 MPa on the non-trafficked soil. Cone resistance also tended to be greater after tine cultivation compared with that after ploughing. Water release curves were interpreted as showing more macropores within the topsoil of the non-trafficked compared with the trafficked plots. Tine cultivation on trafficked soil had more smaller pores than mouldboard plough cultivation. Winter wheat yield was increased by 25% (from 8 to 10 t/ha) on non-trafficked compared with trafficked soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00951.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ‘Agri-SC’ soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00953.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the relationship between soil mineral nitrogen in the autumn or spring and optimum nitrogen rate for winter cereals (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Data from 143 nitrogen (N) response trials on winter cereals carried out at sites across England during the period 1981–1988 were reviewed. Linear regression models for the relationship between optimum N requirements and soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) were evaluated. Multiple regression analyses and F tests were used to determine whether separate regression lines for different combinations of soil group and N Index, substituting for cropping history, were justified, and whether the additional terms used to account for SMN in the 30–60 cm and 60–90 cm depth bands significantly improved the regression model used to fit the data.The results indicated that optimum N requirement can be predicted from SMN 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm data. However, although the slope of the regression line does not change for different combinations of soil group and N Index, the intercept does. If no allowance is made for differences between sites which alter this intercept, the amount of variation in optimum N requirement accounted for by the regression models is considerably reduced. Factors which should be considered are mineralization of previous crop residues, organic manures and indigenous organic N, and the depth to which SMN is accessible by plant roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00954.x
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