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  • Articles  (29)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (29)
  • 1985-1989  (29)
  • 1986  (29)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (29)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of flame retardants on polyolefines (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Phosphorus and Bromine flame retardants decrease the time of self-ignition delay and increase the mass rate of burning of polypropylene even though the limiting oxygen index (LOI) at ambient temperature is higher. The proposed model which combines ignition, steady burning and extinction shows that the phenomenon can be explained only by an increased rate of polymer volatilization caused by flame retardant.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion products of polymeric materials. IV - testing of toxicity hazard (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method based on exposure of mice in the CAB 4.5 smoke chamber for the evaluation of the biological toxicity of the products of flame and smoldering combustion of polumeric materials has been developed. A toxicity index, characterizing the danger from the products of combustion of the test polymer under the given conditions, was proposed on the basis of values of the concentration of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood of the test animals, attaining charateristic critical limits (lethal limit) and LC50 values.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical ‘fingerprint’ studies of fire atmosphere (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Large-scale fire experiments have been carried out in a special test rig to study the chemical nature of fire atmosphere using a ‘fingerprint’ sampling and analysis method. Four polymeric materials - wood, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene foam - were used separately as fuel, with both high and low ventilation. In addition to oxides of carbon the fingerprints yielded typically between twenty and forty different chemical compounds including several (e.g. aldehydes) which could contribute significantly to the irritancy of the fire gases. The change in nature of the fingerprint gases with the different ventilation conditions, different polymeric materials and with different stages of the same fire is discussed, together with the toxicological significance of the results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corrosiveness of fluoride-containing fire gases on selected steels (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Combustion gases were produced from several cable-insulation materials in separate experiments conducted in a model fire chamber. These gases were then allowed to interact with stressed metal specimens, consisting for the most part of various stainless and hardened steels as well as of carbon steel and stainless steel sheet. Thereafter the samples as exposed were stored in a humid atmosphere. As expected, PVC combustion gases caused the cracking of spring steel and also extensive pitting corrosion of stainless steel. These results confirmed that test conditions conformed to real-life fires as observed in practice. The combustion gases deriving from fluorinated polymers were much less corrosive on stainless steel and provoked only slight pitting in isolated cases. The rate of corrosion damage on carbon steel was lower by more than an order of magnitude than in the case of PVC. However, stress corrosion of sensitized 18/8 stainless steel and spring steel was found to occur. Tests on the thermal degradation of the dluorinated polymer ‘Teflon’ FEP and ‘Tefzel’ confirmed their high stability. If one compares the behaviour of these fluoroplastics with that of PVC it can generally be concluded that, although the use of fluorinated insulation materials on cables might not altogether eliminate corrosion problems in the event of fire, it does constitute a realistic contribution to fire protection and to the reeducation of fire-related damage.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire and upholstered furniture (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Both ignition and rate of fire development tests are required to determine the fire performance of upholstered composites. Current practice uses small-model specimens for ignitability tests but rate of burning tests are usually carried out on actual furniture. This paper discuss small- and large-scale tests for upholstered furniture.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transmission in fire test furnaces (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This theoretical and experimental study, complementary to that discussed in Reference 1, examines those factors that affect the ‘test efficiency’ in fire resistance testing. Convective heat transfer in the test chamber may become an essential part of the heat transmission process if, due to small furnace size or non-luminous furnace gases, the radiative transmission is not sufficiently intense. The standard technique of measuring and controlling the temperature conditions in the furnace chamber, though not in line with strict scienctific practices, appears to provide insurance against poor test result. A calibration procedure is described for checking the adequacy of fire resistance test facilities and some solutions presented for improving the test efficiency.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties of tin (IV) oxide in unsaturated polyester thermosets (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Studies have been carried out of the effects of (1) anhydrous tin (IV) oxide and (2)β-stannic acid {hydrous tin (IV) oxide} on the flammability and smoke production of unsaturated polyesters into which halogen may be introduced as a reactive monomer during the resin synthesis. The results obtained provide evidence for a marked falme-reatedant synergism between tin and halogen, accompanied by a significant reduction in smoke from the burning polymer. The hydrous tin compound was found to be more effective than the anhydrous SnO2 both as a flame retardant and a smoke suppressant. At a 2% incorporation level β-stannic acid gave polymers with LOIs of up to ca 30 and reductions in smoke density of 50% or more compared with the standard non-halogenated resin. The mode of action of the tin compounds appears to involve both the condensed and vapour phases. In view of the generally accepted low toxicity of inorganic tin chemicals their possible use as fire-retardant additives for polymer systems should merit serious consideration.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel method for measuring nitrogen-containing species in combustion effluents (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 10 (1986), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A sensitive method is described for the determination of hydrogen cyanide and organic nitriles in atmospheres created by the combustion or thermal degradation of nitrogen-containing polymeric materials. The technique also allows for the determination of other hydrocarbon species from the same sample using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system without entailing too many divisions in the sample quantity The method utilizes an NOx analyzer will only respond to nitrogen-containing compounds and response factors for these compounds can be calculated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100203
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