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  • Articles  (6,301)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5,187)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1985-1989  (6,301)
  • 1986  (6,301)
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  • Articles  (6,301)
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  • 1985-1989  (6,301)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a magnetic susceptometer for thin films and surfaces (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3007-3014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design and performance of a magnetic susceptometer for thin films and surfaces is described. The device uses a 14-MHz resonant circuit driven by a tunnel diode oscillator with a superconducting meander line as the inductive element. Magnetic properties of thin films deposited near the line in ultrahigh vacuum at low temperature affect the inductance of the meander line and thus the frequency. The device can detect a susceptibility change equal to that of a change in Fe thickness of 0.03 atomic layers. The minimum detectable change in the diamagnetism of superconducting Pb corresponds to a thickness difference of 10−3 A(ring). The effect of 10−6 atomic layers of Fe can be detected by its depairing effect on a superconducting Pb film. The oscillator circuit including the film being studied is analyzed and the oscillation frequency calculated so that the effect of the various circuit elements can be determined. Suggestions for extending this technique are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337754
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reinvestigation of the etch products of silicon and XeF2: Doping and pressure effects (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3018-3027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The gas-phase etch products of silicon and XeF2 have been studied as a function of doping and XeF2 flux using molecular beam mass-phase spectrometry. In this experiment the product flux, not the incident reactant beam, is modulated, providing direct information on product identity and velocity, and indirect information on surface reaction kinetics. The data show that although the product ion distributions exhibit little change over the range of experimental conditions used, the neutral products from which the ions are formed vary significantly. More SiF4 desorbs from n-type than p-type silicon at constant flux. The balance of the products mainly consists of Si2F6 and SiF3, the relative amounts of which are flux dependent. These species have not been identified previously as etch products. Average product translational temperatures have also been determined, providing important information on surface interactions during etching. The stable molecules SiF4, Si2F6, and reflected (unreacted) XeF2 all have translational temperatures of approximately 270 K. The free radical SiF3 is much colder, having a temperature of about 200 K. Although etching of the two types of silicon is qualitatively similar, a quantitative comparison reveals intrinsic differences in their reactivity which are not attributable to field effects. The possible origin of these differences is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337756
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear optical properties of thin films of polysilane (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3040-3044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical third harmonic generation measurements by transmission have been performed on thin films of polysilane deposited by a spinning technique with a thickness varying between 0.15 and 0.45 μm. The films have a good optical quality and support large laser power (∼200 MW/cm2 at 1.064 μm). They are transparent in visible and near infrared. The measured average value of cubic susceptibility 〈χ(3)xxxx (−3ω; ω,ω,ω)〉 is equal to (1.5±0.1)×10−12 esu at 1.064 μm. The technique used for the third harmonic generation measurements allows determination of both modulus and phase of χ(3). It is argued that the large value of χ(3) is due to a three-photon resonance at 1.064 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337759
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressional wave propagation in liquid and/or gas saturated elastic porous media (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3045-3055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Concepts from the theory of interacting continua are employed to develop constitutive relations for liquid and/or gas saturated elastic porous media. The model is formulated by defining intrinsic stress tensors and densities in terms of the partial stress tensors, partial densities, and actual volume fractions occupied by each component. It is assumed that the constitutive law for each component as a single continuum relates intrinsic pressure to intrinsic deformation. Relative motion between the constituents is allowed through simple Darcy-type expressions. The governing equations together with the constitutive relations are used to investigate the propagation of both harmonic and transient pulses. In general three modes of wave propagation exist. In the case of a transient pulse, these modes lead to a three-wave structure. Laplace transform techniques are used to derive closed-form solutions for transient loading for two limiting values of viscous coupling (i.e., weak viscous coupling, strong viscous coupling). Strong viscous coupling results in the coalescence of the three wave fronts into a single front. Solutions for the general case of transient loading are obtained by numerical inversion of the Laplace transforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characteristics of the TlBr-TlI fiber for a high power CO2 laser beam (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3035-3039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The TlBr-TlI (thallium bromoiodide) crystal and its fiber preparation method were studied in order to develop a high power CO2 laser beam fiber. As a result of this study, the most preferable composition for the fiber was determined to be 42 wt. % TlBr. The fiber (0.5 mm in diameter and 1.5 m in length) at that composition had the following excellent characteristics: (1) a high output power of 138 W (70 kW/cm2), (2) a high total transmissivity of more than 93%/1.5 m, and (3) a bending radius of ultimate 3.5 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337758
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructurally engineered, optically transmissive, electrically conductive metal films (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3028-3034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using standard multilayer and effective medium models, we determine microstructures that optimize the near-IR-visible normal-incidence optical transmittance of electrically conducting metal films intended for use as semitransparent contacts for semiconductor devices such as photodetectors or photoelectrochemical converters. Various conditions are considered, including unpolarized and linearly polarized light and electrical conduction both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. For linearly polarized light, the optimum microstructure consists of parallel metal lines of nominally square cross section oriented perpendicular to the polarization vector of the incident light, regardless of the direction of electrical conduction. The line separation and cross-sectional dimensions must both be small compared to the wavelength λ. For unpolarized radiation, the optimum microstructure depends on the direction of electrical conduction. For conduction parallel to the surface, the optimum microstructure again consists of parallel lines with the lines oriented perpendicular to the residual linear polarization, if any, of the incident flux. For conduction perpendicular to the surface, the optimum microstructure consists of cylindrical metal posts of dimension small compared to λ. Expressions are derived that allow the thicknesses and refractive indices of protective antireflection coatings to be calculated to first order in the thicknesses of the metal films. The more general case of antireflection coatings for anisotropic structures is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inertial confinement fusion ion temperature measurements using a single-hit detector array (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3068-3071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron time-of-flight techniques have been used to diagnose fuel ion temperatures of inertial confinement fusion plasmas. A new technique for making this measurement using an array of "single-hit'' detectors operating in single-particle counting mode is described. This technique has some potential advantages over previous methods (faster timing, better energy resolution, good sensitivity) and can possibly be further developed to allow detailed measurements of neutron energy spectra to give other diagnostic information, such as fuel areal density (〈ρR〉).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confinement of a potassium plasma in a spindle cusp magnetic field (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3056-3067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The confinement properties of a low-β (average) potassium plasma produced by contact ionization in a spindle cusp magnetic field were investigated. In this configuration, ne≈108–1010 cm−3, Te≈Ti≈0.2 eV, and the ions are weakly magnetized. Electron and ion densities, space potentials, and plasma flow velocities were measured in the ring and point cusps. The leak width of the escaping plasma was measured over a wide range of magnetic field strengths and neutral pressures. The dependence of the leak width on neutral pressure and magnetic field strength is accounted for by a simple model in which the plasma streams out of the cusps along the magnetic field lines while diffusing across the magnetic field due to the combined effects of neutral-particle collisions and Bohm diffusion. Measurements of broadband plasma noise suggest the presence of ion acoustic wave turbulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337761
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the physics of plasma sheaths to the modeling of rf plasma reactors (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3081-3087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An equivalent circuit model is presented for a planar rf plasma reactor. The physical properties of the plasma sheath adjacent to the electrodes are incorporated in the model. The sheath capacitances and the conduction currents through the sheaths are time varying and have a highly nonlinear dependence on the potentials across the plasma sheaths. The model shows that the waveforms of the voltage differences across the sheaths are highly nonsinusoidal and agree with reported measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337764
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the electrostatic energy analyzer to cluster size measurement (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1532-1534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electrostatic energy analyzer with a deflection angle of 90° and a resolving power of about 4% up to 200 keV was used to analyze the distribution from a cluster ion source. The experiments were carried out with cluster-ion beams of nitrogen extracted from a specially designed cluster ionizer for controlling the cluster sizes. It is shown that the cluster size as large as ∼105 atoms/cluster is measurable with this energy analyzer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337285
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