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  • 1
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    Modern Observational Techniques for Comets (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Techniques are discussed in the following areas: astrometry, photometry, infrared observations, radio observations, spectroscopy, imaging of coma and tail, image processing of observation. The determination of the chemical composition and physical structure of comets is highlighted.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-165006 , JPL-PUB-81-68 , Modern Observational Techniques for Comets; Oct 22, 1980 - Oct 24, 1980; Greenbelt, MD; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Proceedings of the Meeting, Washington, DC, April 21, 22, 1981 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A series of papers on infrared astronomy is presented. Among the topics discussed are those concerning programs, such as NASA's planning, the Cosmic Background Explorer and a cryogenic infrared radiance instrument for the Space Shuttle. Articles on infrared astronomy technology include those on an infrared camera for 10-micron astronomy, bulk and integrated acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy with heterodyne spectrometers, and airborne measurements of infrared atmospheric radiance and sky noise. Several papers on infrared astronomy spectroscopy are included, such as infrared heterodyne spectroscopy and infrared lines from shocked galactic gases. Among the articles on infrared astronomy catalogues and operations are discussions of groundbased infrared measurements using the AMOS/MOTIF facility and the prediction of infrared celestial source counts.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Optical studies of X-ray sources with the MASCOT - A charge-coupled device /CCD/-based astronomical instrument (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The performance levels achieved by the MASCOT (MIT Astronomical Spectrometer/Camera for Optical Telescopes) on the 1.3-m telescope at the McGraw-Hill observatory in March 1981 are discussed along with preliminary data obtained in searches for optical counterparts to four 'empty-field' X-ray sources. In the W band (4000-7000 A), the MASCOT achieved a sky-limited sensitivity of +24.4 mag per sq arcsec in an 1800 s integration. The ability to flatten pictures to a level consistent with (sky + source) photon statistics and readout noise was demonstrated. For the four sources observed, an optical counterpart was established for one source (1413+13) based on positional coincidence (better than 1.8 arcsec), four possible candidates were detected in the error box of another source (1009?35) and upper sensitivity limits were established for optical counterparts in the error boxes for the other two sources (0920+39 and 0931-11).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Solid state imagers for astronomy; June 10, 11, 1981; Cambridge, MA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Definition phase effort of the Spacelab-2 Infrared Telescope Experiment (IRT) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Activities associated with a proposal for the reflight of the small helium cooled infrared telescope scheduled to make its maiden voyage on Spacelab-2 are reported. The experiments requirements document was revised and updated and an investigation development plan was prepared for the refurbishment and reflight of the telescope. The summary of a briefing held to discuss Spacelab interfaces for the proposal is included.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-170424 , NAS 1.26:170424
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The number-intensity distribution for extragalactic X-ray sources (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is shown that a self-consistent assessment of source count data can be made, if many of the deep survey sources are QSOs which are known to be evolving strongly at fluxes comparable to the survey limits. The QSO contribution would in this case become significant at X-ray fluxes below 10 to the -12th erg/sq cm per sec, and dominates at fluxes below 10 to the -13th erg/sq cm per sec. The X-ray background intensity places a limit on total source counts and requires a turnover in the evolution of X-ray emitting sources. Sources detected in the Einstein survey account for over 35% of the 1-3 keV background flux, suggesting that most of the background is due to discrete sources.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: X-ray astronomy with the Einstein satellite; Jan 28, 1980 - Jan 30, 1980; Cambridge, MA
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Double Compton scatter telescope calibration (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calibration techniques for a medium energy gamma ray telescope are described. Gain calibration using Compton edge spectra involves comparisons of pulse height spectra with spectra simulated by a Monte Carlo computer code which includes Compton scattering and pair production, plural scattering and variable energy resolution, and cell size. The telescope considered comprises 56 cells of liquid scintillator in four size groups, with a total liquid volume of 325 l; each cell has its own photomultiplier tube. Energy and angular resolutions and the PMT gain calibration procedure are verified with double scatter data for monoenergetic gamma rays at a known location. Detection probabilities for any cell combination in the two telescope arrays are calculated per steradian as a function of the scattering for a number of different energies with a Van de Graaff accelerator.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Integrated fluxes for emission lines in the ultraviolet spectra of several planetaries (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The IUE satellite observatory was used to obtain absolutely-calibrated emission line fluxes for diagnostic lines of multiply-ionized C, N, O, Si, Ne, and Ar which occur in the ultraviolet spectral region of planetary nebulae. These data, when combined with data from the blue, visual, and near infrared, provide improved estimates of ionic concentrations, plasma temperatures and densities, and elemental abundances.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-164986
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Theoretical studies of chromospheres and winds in cool stars (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calculated radiative losses from H, H-, Ca II, and Mg II show that cooling for the chromosphere of the supergiant epsilon Gem do not differ greatly from the solar law, although there are differences at approximately 6000K due to ionization effects. With a rough standard law for computation of stellar winds using the Hartmann-MacGregor theory and standard stellar evolutionary calculations, the wind velocities and temperatures in the HR diagram were systematically explored. Results show that cool winds with tempratures 1,000,00K are not possible for log g or = 2. Predicted wind velocities are approximately 1.5 to 2 x larger than observed, particularly for the most luminous cool stars. The ionization balance for the wind of alpha ORI and the hydrogen profile lines for T Tauri stars were computed using the PANDORA computer program.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-164969 , SAR-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Infrared spectroscopy in astronomy (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of infrared spectroscopy in astronomy has increased dramatically in the past ten years. The broad design considerations are discussed in terms of wavelength coverage and resolution. Three rough resolution ranges, lambda/Delta lambda of approximately 100, 1000 and 10,000, are identified in which various types of astronomical problems can be studied. Numerous existing systems are briefly discussed and references are given to more complete descriptions.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Bulk and integrated acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy with heterodyne spectrometers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A survey of acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy is presented, noting a technique of combining the acoustic bending of a collimated coherent light beam with a Bragg cell followed by an array of sensitive photodetectors. This acousto-optic spectrometer has a large bandwidth, a large number of channels, high resolution, and is energy efficient. Receiver development has concentrated on high-frequency heterodyne systems for the study of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium. RF spectrometers employing acousto-optic diffraction cells are described. Acousto-optic techniques have been suggested for applications to electronic warfare, electronic countermeasures and electronic support systems. Plans to use integrated optics for the further miniaturization of acousto-optic spectrometers are described. Bulk acousto-optic spectrometers with 300 MHz and 1 GHz bandwidths are being developed for use in the back-end of high-frequency heterodyne receivers for astronomical research.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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