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  • Other Sources  (10,531)
  • 1975-1979  (10,531)
  • 1977  (10,531)
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  • 1975-1979  (10,531)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: The Aminoil Group drilled a 10,000 ft - well a few kilometers off the Krakatau volcano in 1973. The well bottomed in Pliocene sediments after penetrating a more than 8,000 ft thick Upper Pliocene section of mainly claystones with interbedded sand-, siltstones and pyroclastics. On the basis of temperature surveys and BHT's measured during logging, a static formation temperature in excess of 450° F was extrapolated for the bottom of the hole. Tue high temperatures caused some deterioration in the mud properties, but otherwise no serious drilling problems. Owing to overpressures a high salinity oil mud and controlled drilling had to be employed. The well was P&A because no economic hydrocarbon accumulations could be expected in the high temperature regimes.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: research
    Keywords: Wald Ökosystemen ; Schwermetallen ; Forest Sites ; Western Himalaya ; Economic Plantations
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: research
    Keywords: Zur chemischen Untersuchung ; Boden- und Wasserproben ; Universität Göttingen
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: research
    Keywords: VORAUSDONGUNG ; SOMMERWEIZEN ; N-GABEN ; ZWISCHENFRUCHT RAPS
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: research
    Keywords: Hydrologie ; Entstehung ; Moor ; Hydrologie Solling ; Moorlandschaft ; Solling
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: research
    Keywords: Pflanzenökologie ; Autökologie ; Düngung ; Licht ; Fichtenwald ; Fichte
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Die Humifizierungswechsel nordwesteuropäischer Hochmoore sind als Schwarztorf-Weißtorf-Kontakte‚ Rekurrenzflächen oder "WEBERscher Grenzhorizont" bekannt. Eine ähnliche Erscheinung wurde auf Gough Island im Südatlantik entdeckt. In den dortigen terrainbedeckenden Mooren gibt es ebenfalls einen Schwarztorf-Weißtorf-Kontakt. Diese terrainbedeckenden Moore von Gough Island sind nährstoffreicher als unsere nordwesteuropäischen Hochmoore. Ursache dieses Phänomens ist wahrscheinlich die Nährstoffanreicherung durch den Kot der zahlreichen Seevögel.
    Description: The changes of humification of North-West European bogs are known as dark peat/light peat contacts, recurrence horizons or "WEBERscher Grenzhorizont". A similar phenomenon has been discovered on Gough Island in the South Atlantic. There is also dark peat/light peat contact in the blanket bogs over there. These blanket bogs on Gough Island are richer in nutrients than our North-West European bogs. The cause of this phenomenon is the accumulation of nutrients through the dropping of the numerous seabirds.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: Durch Untersuchung des Wasserhaushaltes einer Deutschen Hochmoorkultur wird der Einfluß von Trockenjahren dargelegt. Wie Bodenfeuchtigkeitsuntersuchungen mit Tensiometern zeigen, bleiben Moorböden zunächst lange feucht und trocknen dann nur in der durchwurzelten Schicht aus. Wenige Dezimeter darunter bleibt der Moorboden fast wassergesättigt. Wie gezeigt werden konnte, ist dies eine Folge der kapillaren Wasserleitfähigkeit der Torfe. Der Austrocknung der durchwurzelten Schicht kann durch schweres Walzen begegnet werden. Hierzu werden Ergebnisse zur Bodenfeuchteänderung durch Walzen mitgeteilt.
    Description: Dry years also influence the water balance of peat soils. This could be shown by investigations on a German raised bog cultivation. Measurements of soil moisture with tensiometers indicated a long period with sufficient water content. After this period dryness appeared in the rooted zone only, but a few decimeters below this zone the peat soil was nearly saturated. This follows from the unsaturated flow conditions of the peat soils. The drying out of the rooted zone can be reduced by heavy rolling. This had been proved by the measurement of soil moisture during the rolling trial.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    In:  SUB Göttingen | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: Es wird der Lebenslauf der ältesten Moorforschungsstätte von 1877 bis 1977 vorgestellt. Die Gründe zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Moore waren schon immer vielschichtig. So wird aus der Geschichte der Moor-Versuchsstation in Bremen deutlich, dass Naturwissenschaftler, Ökologen und Agrarwissenschaftler gemeinsam an der Erforschung der Eigenschaften von Mooren und Torfen mit dem Ziel ihrer optimalen Nutzung interessiert sind. Es wird aber auch deutlich, wie stark die Erkenntnisse der Moorforschung andere Wissenschaften berühren. Darin kommt die interdisziplinäre Stellung der Moor- und Torfkunde zum Ausdruck.
    Description: The curriculum vitae of the oldest institute of moor and peat research, the Moor-Versuchsstation in Bremen, from 1877 till 1977 is presented. The motives for scientific work about bogs and fens all over the time have been multi-purposed. The history of this institute shows, that scientists, oecologists and agriculturists together are interested in the qualities of moor and peat and their usage to the best of ones knowledge. But, it is shown too, how results of moor and peat research other sciences concern. By this the interdiszipline role of moor and peat research is expressed.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:900 ; Moor ; Torf ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; peatland ; peat ; history of science
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Schichtglieder der nordpenninischen Feuerstätter Decke des alpinen Flyschtroges im Raum Allgäu/Vorarlberg untersucht. Die Gesteinsserien sind stark tektonisiert, primäre lithostratigraphische Übergänge sind nur selten erhalten. An Hand exemplarischer Aufschlüsse wurde speziell für die basalen Serien dieser Decke (Aptychen-Schichten, Unt. Junghansen-Serie, Feuerstätter Sandstein) versucht, auf bio- bzw. lithostratigraphischem Wege Übergänge, die bisher erkannt bzw. vermutet worden sind, zu bestätigen oder neu zu erfassen. Für die Aptychen-Schichten wurden die Aufschlüsse im unteren Ränker-Tobel und an der Böigen Ach (Ob. Balder­ schwanger Tal) untersucht, da hier Übergänge zur Unt. Junghansen-Serie vorliegen sollen.
    Description: Strata of the Feuerstätt nappe (northern Penninicum) of the Alpine flysch trough in the Allgäu-/Vorarlberg area were studied. The series of this nappe are highly tectonized and primary 1ithostratigraphic transitions are rarely preserved. Previously recognized or assumed transitions in the basal series of this nappe (Aptychen-series, Lower Junghansen-series, Feuerstätt sandstone) were confirmed or reclassified in exemplary outcrops, using bio- and 1ithostratigraphical methods. All sediments were studied petrographically to determine sedimentological criteria. These studies prove that the sedimentological character of the Aptychen-series differs greatly from the Lower Junghansen-series and the Feuerstätter sandstone. The Aptychen-series contain sediments belonging to a pelagic carbonate facies. They are similar to the "Upper Austroalpine" Aptychen limestone. The Lower Junghansen-series, the Feuerstätt sandstone, and the Bolgen-conglomerat (Upper Junghansen-series) mainly represent a proximal flysch-facies. Since the Aptychen-series are of Upper Jurassic age, the contacts between these sediments and the enveloping flysch-series (Hauterivian/Barremian-Paleocene) must be of tectonic character. The results of the sedimentary petrographic studies suggest a common sedimentation trough for the Lower Cre­taceous series of the Faiknis-Tasna-nappe, the "Hauptflysch” nappe and the Feuerstätt nappe. Convergence between the Prätigau-flysch and the Feuerstätt nappe exists only in the Upper Cretaceous and the Lower Tertiary peroids.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; Vorarlberg ; Unterkreide
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
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  • 11
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    Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Meiofauna dispersal is possible by waterfowl, by floating substrates including sea ice, and by turbulent water, either in suspension or adhering to sediment particles. During severe storms sea water turbulence erodes sediments not only in shallow water, but also in the sublittoral region. In the past centuries meiofauna had a chance of dispersal in sand that served as ballast for sailing vessels. Direct evidence for mciofauna dispersal is scarce. In an appendix to the paper several authors report on meiofauna found on drifting coconuts and in plankton samples, and on other observations bearing on meiofauna dispersal.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-12-14
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: Entlang des SE-Randes des Kalabrischen Massivs sind Reste paläozoischer, schwach metamorpher Gesteine erhalten: fossilarme, klastische Sedimente mit gelegentlichen, kalkigen, fossil führenden Einschaltungen. Im Raum Stilo-Pazzano-Guardavalle sind diese Sedimentreste stratigraphisch als auch petrographisch untersucht worden. In einem schwach bis nicht metamorphem Bereich gelang erstmals eine genauere stratigraphische Gliederung für einen ca. 300-500 m mächtigen Sedimentabschnitt. Dieser umfasst nach Bryozoen- und Conodontenfunden einen Zeitraum, der mindestens vom Unter-Devon (Ems) bis zum Ober-Devon (Nehden) reicht. Ältere silurische Anteile sind nicht auszuschließen. Die Vergesellschaftung von Kieselschiefern, pelagischen Kalken (Flaser-Kalken) sowie sandigen turbiditischen Absätzen flysch-ähnlicher Fazies (Grauwacken) kann als Zeichen geosynklinaler Sedimentation angesehen werden. Generell lässt sich eine ältere Regionalmetamorphose von einer folgenden Kontaktmetamorphose unterscheiden. Im Bereich offensichtlich fehlender Kontaktmetamorphose ist die metamorphe Überprägung mit Hilfe von Illit-Kristallinitätsmessungen ermittelt worden. Z. T. ist sie in den übergangsbereich Diagenese/Metamorphose zu stellen und reicht mit KUBIER-Indices 7,0-2,0 bis in den Bereich der schwachen Metamorphose im Sinne WINKLER’s (1974). Der mineralfazielle Nachweis sehr schwacher Metamorphose gelang nicht, da vermutlich aufgrund eines ungeeigneten Gesamtchemismus der Gesteine die entsprechenden Zeolite wie Lawsonit, Laumontit oder Pumpellyit nicht gebildet worden sind. Anzeichen für die Annahme eines Deckenbaus bestehen nicht. Der Kontakt zwischen dem Serra S. Bruno Granit und den paläozoischen Sedimentresten ist rein thermometamorph.
    Description: Along the south-eastern side of the Calabrian massif remnants of palaeozoic metamorphic sediments are preserved, mainly built up by terrigeneous clastics, extremely poor in fossiIs, occasionally interbedded by fossiliferous limestones. In the area of Stile-Pazzano-Guardavalle this remnants are studied, using both stratigraphic and petrographic methods. In a small part of the studied area - scarcely or not at all metamorphosed - a sequence of about 300- 500 metres can be determined - on the basis of bryozoa and conodonts - as ranging from the lower Devonian (Emsian) to the upper (Nehdian) at Teast and possihly even younger. Silurian parts cannot be excluded. The association of charts, siliceous schists, pelagic limestones (flaser-limestones) and terrigeneous turbidity deposits of flysch-like facies (graywackes) can be considered as an indication of geosynclinal sedimentation. Generally it is possibly to distinguish between an older regional metamorphism and a subsequent contact meta-morphism, caused by the adjacent Serre S. Bruno granite. In the area obviously without contact metamorphism the grade of metamorphism is described with the help of illite crystaliinity of pelitic rocks. In one profile the grade of metamorphism ranges from the state between diagenesis and very-Iow-grade metamorphism to the state of low-grade metamorphism according to WINKLER (1974), (KUBLER- indices: 7,0 - 2‚0). It is proved impossibly to describe very low grade metamorphic conditions on the basis of metamorphic facies (zeolite facies). Perhaps the general chemical composition of the rocks did not allow the forming of zeolite minerals like Iawsonite, laumontite or pumpellyite. There is no evidence for tectonic contacts within the studied palaeozoic sequence to make sure the existence of tectnnic nappes. The contact between the granite of the Serre massif and the palaeozoic sedimentary remnants is of thermo-metamorphic character.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:552
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Light and electron microscopic examination of a number of dpecies previously attributed to the genus Syracosphaera LOHMANN show that three groups can be delimited, all of which warrant generic status. Caneosphaera GAARDER and Coronosphaera GAARDER are described, and the genus Syracosphaera with type species the two-layered S. pulchra LOHMANN is emended with redescription in terms of morphological features seen under light and electron microscope. New combinations are presented for five species.
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  • 15
  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Through correspondence, the authors determined that each possessed material of an undescribed wrasse of the genus Suezichthys SMITH. The first five specimens of this species were taken in December, 1964 by R. V. "Anton Bruun" while trawling in 78-82 m and in 70-80 m (2 and 3 specimens resp.) off the Somali Republic, East Africa; the next two were collected a month later by R. V. "Meteor" by trawl off Kenya in 124-130 m; the last two were trawled in July and October, 1972 by U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service research vessel "Townsend Cromwell" off Oahu, Hawaiian Islands in 119-168 m. These nine specimens form the basis for the description herein of this new labrid fish.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: 46 hydropolyp species of 28 genera and 10 families were sampled during the "Meteor" passage 1964/65 (IIOE) through the Red Sea and its northern and southern exits and on the occasion of several ecological investigations of 29 selected coral reef sections of the central Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. These collections comprise 128 single records of hydropolyp species. Three species and two genera each with one species are doubtful. 25 species, seven genera, one family and one subfamily, together from 49 records have not previously been found in the Red Sea and its exits. Including these newly reported species, the total list increases from 64 species and 112 records (SCHMIDT 1972) to 89 species and 240 single records and 51 additional ones. Scanning microscopical photos, made for the first time for the illustration of the hydropolyps, have been shown to be suitable for a better characterization and diagnosis of the species. Qualified results on the reasons for the horizontal distribution of the species known from the Red Sea area cannot be given because of the low number of samples sporadically distributed through the whole area. In contrast with this fact, the vertical spread of the species sampled seems primarily to be regulated by water exchange and light intensity. For example, four species of hydropolyps are excellent indicators of certain abiotic factors or combinations of them: Gymnangium eximium reacts extremely stenophote-photophobe-rheophil, Eudendrium ramosum moderately stenophote-photophobe-rheophobe, Lytocmpus philippinus moderately stenophotephotophil-rheophil, and Halocordyle disticha var. australis extremely stenophote-photophil but moderately rheophil. Other species have been found throughout all the light zones. Combined with the small size of their colonies their euryphotic behaviour does not allow their use as indicator species.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Four species of gammaridean Amphipoda are recorded from the Iberian deep sea basin at about 5000 m depth: Bathyceradocus iberiensis sp. n., Paracallisoma platepistomum sp. n., Parandaniexis cf. mirabilis SCHRELLENBERG, 1929, and Parargissa galatheae BARNARD, 1961. The biogeography of the four species is discussed.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Using a Bongo-Net equipped with a multiple codend closing device, the vertical distribution of siphonophores has been observed in 100 m depth intervals at 13 stations off Cap Mirik (19° N) (from 0-500 m depth). The distributional pattern of the 15 siphonophores species found is discussed in relationship to the hydrography of this upwelling region. The following main features have been observed in comparison with the warmer oceanic water offshore: (1) a lower diversity, (2) a shallower distribution of some of the deep living species due to the lower temperature in the upper 300 m and a lower transparency, (3) no contribution to acoustic scattering by physonect siphonophores.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: From sublittoral silty sediments (118 m depth) of the North Sea (59° 0.5' N; 01° 20.5' E), Bathymacrostomum spirale n. gen. n. sp. is described on the basis of squeeze preparation. According to the organization of the cuticular apparatus of the bursal organ the species belongs to the family Dolichomacrostomidae RIEGER, 1971. The absence of an accessory gland organ and the simplicity of the penis stilet leads to the establishment of the subfamily Bathymacrostominae nov. subfam.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Description of Acanthophmyngoides quintus nov. spec. (Desmodorinae) with discussion of the systematical relationship to Spiriniinae and Pseudonchinae, and description of Richtersia iberica nov. spec. with discussion of the relationship to Desmodorinae.
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  • 23
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    Bornträger
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: The Great Meteor Seamount is situated in the subtropical NE Atlantic. The dimension of the plateau in the depth of 400m is 1465 km2 ; its lowest depth 275 m. 35 species have been caught above the plateau in 1967 and 1970 (voyages 9 c and 19; R. V. "Meteor") with a bottom trawl, the Agassiz-trawl, with BEYER's epibenthic closing net, the triangle-dredge and the chain-dredge. For comparison fishes of the same species were collected off Morocco, Mauretania and Senegal. The circular current system above the seamount and the low rates of the net transport are the reasons for the existence of the autochthonous demersal fish populations, in spite of the pelagic stages of development. A comparison of the populations of three species from the seamount and from the African shelf, using a multivariate method (linear discriminant function), indicates a genetical diverging development of the populations. An overlapping of the populations is only applicable for 1.7 % of the individuals. This argument for an autochthonus demersal fish fauna is corroborated by nearly the same composition of species in 1967 and 1970, the small differences in the dominance of the species and the great homogeneity of the fish fauna in the two years. The distribution of the species above the plateau is nearly uniform. The species Aulopus filamentosus, Phycis phycis, Macroramphosus scolopax, Anthias anthias, Antigonia capros, Capros aper, Callionymus phaeton and Arnoglossus rueppelli are characteristic for the fauna, as in 6 of 11 comparable catches these 8 species were present together. For the demersal fishes the plateau is a rather uniform biotope, for it is mainly covered with biogenic sand. The aggregations of the seamount's own plankton and nekton near the bottom in daytime is exclusively or partly the food for 94% of the fish species, while the bottom fauna is only utilized by 22% of the species. Only Callionymus phaeton feeds exclusively on bottom animals. Shrimps (predominantly Plesionika heterocarpus) are the favoured prey of the majority of fish species. Relative to the number of examined stomachs the small crustacea like ostracodes and copepods are most abundant. Fishes were found in the stomachs of 8 species. Moreover cuttle-fish are of some importance as food of the bigger fishes. A comparison of the food of respective species from the African shelf shows that the lower availability of food above the seamount has no influence on the feeding behaviour of the species. lt seems, that there is sufficient food at the seamount, so that the fishes must not put up with animals they disdain elsewhere. The fish fauna from the Great Meteor Seamount shows the greatest similarity with the demersal fish fauna of the African shelf between Gibraltar and Cap Blanc (28 species in common). The Great Meteor Seamount has only 24 species in common with Madeira and 17 with the Canary Islands. Two species suggest a possible influence of settlement from the Western Atlantic. These species also belong to the fauna of Madeira and the Josephine Seamount, while they are absent on the African shelf. The species Gnathophis codoniphorus, Callionymus sousai and probably also the ray of the genus Raja are endemic. The depth of the plateau (275-400 m) has a great influence on the composition of the fish fauna. Regarding the vertical distribution of the species in the rest of their distribution areas, the plateau of the Great Meteor Seamount is situated at the optimal depth.
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  • 24
  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: 85 species of polychaetes were collected, 72 of them were determined to species level. One genus (Palposyllis n. g.), four species (Pionosyllis gorringensis n. sp., Palposyllis prosostoma n. sp., Potamethus filiformis n. sp., Potamethus breviuncatus n. sp.), and one subspecies (Ophelina delapidans longicephala n. subsp.) were described as new taxa. The majority of the species collected during this cruise have their distribution in the Atlantic Ocean or are more widely distributed. Peisidice bermudensis was found the second time after its original description. Lepidastenia brunnea and Isolda whydahensis never have been found as far north off the coast of Portugal. The interstitial living species Pisione remota and Hesionides arenaria, usually common in shallow waters, were found in deeper water (72 m and 120-180 m) for the first time.
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: Off the NW-African coast in February 1973 neuston was sampled between latitudes 36° and 30° N as part of the CINECA multiship survey. The ichthyoplankton, fish larvae only, of these neuston samples was investigated under qualitative and quantitative aspects. Due to winterly environmental conditions and a more northern station-grid compared to the other "Meteor" expeditions, the total yield was low, for subtropical faunistic elements were absent or less abundant. The northern neritic part showed densities of only 3.0 fishes/100 m3 of water filtered, in the southern neritic zone maximum values occurred with 18.9 animals/100 m3, but even these values were far lower than those found in winter 1970, when surfacetemperatures and the amount of subtropical species were higher. The investigated area is considered to be a transitional zone between boreal and subtropical conditions under regional and seasonal aspects. For the most frequent taxa earlier findings on zoogeography, behaviour and ecology could be confirmed and completed.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: The report considers all planktonic stages of the Mysidacea Lophogastrida, Amphionidacea and Decapoda taken by R.V. "Meteor" in plankton samples over Josephine and Great Meteor Seamounts and regions of similar latitude off the Portuguese and Moroccan coasts. Larvae of most species in the vicinity of the seamounts were virtually confined to the upper 100 m. Circadian vertical migration was not evident. The waters over the seamounts were not avoided by holopelagic species. Such waters yielded fewer species of meroplanktonic larvae than the coastal regions and showed few species in common with each other or with the coastal regions. One larval species from both seamounts and three from Great Meteor Seamount show major characters unknown in larvae from European or North African waters.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: Sediment cores from the continental slope off NW Africa (20-27° N) have been investigated by means of an analysis of clay minerals, of grajn size distribution of terrigenous material and of coarse fractions and CaC03 -contents. Deductions concerning Late Quaternary climatic variations could be made from the obtained results. The interglacial periods X and Z (stage 1 and 5 after SHACKLETON & OPDYKE 1973) had an arid climate, characterized by: a) presence of chlorite and attapulgite in noticeable amounts, these fragile minerals being preserved from weathering in dry climatic conditions, b) small grain size of terrigenous material, c) high desert quartz numbers, high CaC03-amounts of total sediment, small terrigenous input and low transport energy. The glacial periods Y and W (stage 2-4 and 6) had a humid climate. This is suggested by: a) the absence or rareness of chlorite and attapulgite and increasing amounts of mixed-layer minerals, b) high amounts of coarse-grained terrigenous material, indicating greater transport energy, c) low or disappearing desert quartz numbers, low CaC03-content and high terrigenous input. The cores from 27 and 20° N do not fit into this general scheme, because they are situated at climatic boundaries, the northern core lying at the actual boundary of mediterranean humid and arid climate, the southern core lying at the Würm boundary between humid and arid climate. Results of 40-63 μm sized desert quartz and amount of 〈6 respectively 20-63 μm fraction show sharp boundaries between stratigraphic zones, revealing rapid changes in climate. Clay mineralogical changes are less rapid, showing the progressive changes in soil formation and soil destruction. The origin of the clay minerals is exclusively detrital. Their quantitative variations show a differential settling with distance from coast, and a latitudinal zonation parallel to terrestrial soils.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: The 60 km wide shelf off Mauritania is cut by several submarine canyons. Its water-circulation is controlled by the cool Canary current and upwelling. Its Recent sediments show faunal assodations remarkably related to the grain size distribution which in water depths between 40 and 80 m is strongly influenced by reworldng of older coarse sand or sandstone. In this depth range a mixed biofades originating from Pleistocene and Recent material is encountered. The present lateral faunistic and sedimentological fades change, including horizons of mixed provenance, can be recognized in vertical sequences taken by vibro-coring. This correlation combined with 14C-datations on molluscs enable the reconstruction of the history of the last gladal regression and transgression. Due to the arid climate, the emerging calcareous shelf sediments are indurated and, therefore, protected from subaerial and submarine erosion. During low sea level eolian sand migrates over the shelf, but only about l/10 of this material remains there and is later incorporated into the sandy shelf sediments. The calculated average rate of total sedimentation during Holocene is 15 cm, and the production rate of carbonate is 5 cm/1000 years.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: In March 1974 combined refractional and reflectional seismic experiments were performed in the Cretan Sea. A total of 141 shots were fired along two lines, one parallel to the main structure striking nearly E-W between Karpathos and the SE-Peloponnese, the other perpendicular to it between Crete and Santorin (Thira). The shots were observed at 13 sites on land and by four buoy stations at sea. The seismic data reduced to time-distance plots and evaluated by direct and inverse ray theory methods revealed that: The Cretan Sea builds an E-W elongated dome of the upper mantle with maximum crustal attenuation at its central part and a thickness of nearly 20km. The vertical distribution of the P wave velocity is that of a continental crust that has been subjected to attenuation. The present distribution of sediments is mainly confined to the zone: SE-Peloponnese-Kithera-Antikithera-Crete-Karpathos, and also to small depressions within the central basin. In general they do not exceed 2 km in thickness. The uneven distribution of the sediments indicates the possibility of a two phase subsidence of the Cretan Sea. Areas with no or very thin sedimentary cover belong to the youngest tectonic phase. The morphology of the crystalline basement has been formed by intensive fragmentation, consisting mainly of normal faults, typical for tensional tectonism. The northern border of the Cretan Sea exhibits intensive volcanism along the line : Methana-Milos-Santorin-los. This zone is partly mobilized and intruded by surplus masses from the upper mantle as shown in the case of Santorin.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: This paper is a dcscription of the shallow structure of the Cretan Trough in the Aegean Sea as illustrated by continuous seismic profiles obtained by R. V. "Meteor" (1600 n.m., 1974), and R. R. S. "Shackleton" (1000 n.m., 1972, 1974). Study of this data shows an erosional unconformity between indurated rocks and sediments which over most of the Cretan Trough corresponds to erosion after the main Alpine orogeny and prior to the Upper Tortonian and in some places to the Upper Pliocene transgression. Thick sediments of up to 1.5 km have collected in local basins. Strong vertical movements on normal faults were responsible for the formation of the Cretan Trough and subsequently controlled the sedimentation. Sediments within the Trough have been deformed by Upper Pliocene/Pleistocene faulting and folding. Quaternary intrusions of volcanic? material are sporadically observed over the whole width of the Cretan Trough and do not suggest active seafloor spreading. Extensional processes are seen to be the dominant f eature in the tectonics of this area since ca. 10 m. y. A geodynamic process responsible for the observed structural data - mantle diapirism or subduction induced back-arc spreading - could not be derived from the reflection seismic data.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: Sediments sampled in three lateral traverses from the outer continental shelf to the continental rise off the Sahara Desert were analysed for their grain size distribution and composition. The carbonate content of the shelf and upper slope sediments increases from about 10-15 % in the south to about 50-90 % in the north and changes to about 40-45 % in deeper water. The high carbonate content in the north generally reflects the high proportion of relict material in the sediments. The main change in the composition of the sediments - defined mostly as hemipelagic - from the outer shelf to the rise is in an increase of coccoliths and clays and a decrease of quartz. The cumulative grain size curves indicate that each of the samples is a mixture of different proportions of two approximately log normal populations. The size of the truncation point between the populations, the proportion between the coarse and fine populations and the mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis decrease with increasing depth. Correlations between the parameters indicate that the moments express mainly the mixture proportions of the two populations. The two populations may, however, indicate an artificial effect of deflocculation during sample treatment rather than reflecting some hydraulic factor. The cumulative grain size distribution curves of eolian dust collected on ship's surface during cruises along the Saharan shelf and that of other published data is divided into a two-population and a onepopulation type. The two populations may be attributed to either gravitational settling of larger dust particles and normal dust fall or to disaggregation effect. The moment statistics of the dust differ mainly from those of the marine sediments in that they have a lower standard deviation. The composition and the textural parameters, combined with modal analysis of the dust and the separated soluble and insoluble components of the sediments indicate that the downslope transportation of the coarser sediment particles is a result of marine currents rather than of wind. The distribution pattern of the relict material in the northern outer shelf and upper slope is attributed to an extinct current regime which was stronger than the present one. The gravitational settling of coarse dust, mainly over the shelf, most probably accounts for the principal input of sediment that is transported further downslope by marine currents. Part of the fine, as well as a small portion of the coarse terrigenous material may be derived from direct settling of dust over the open sea. The recent sedimentation process results in a continental margin prograding off the Sahara Desert. In the south sedimentation occurs on the outer shelf, slope and rise, whereas in the north main sedimentation occurs on the lower slope and rise. The deflection of the Canary current away from the Cape Blanc coast is proposed as an explanation for the apparent reduced deposition rate over the outer shelf and upper slope in the northern area.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: The net flux of all irreversible fluxes of radiation and heat crossing the ocean surface is determined for phase III of GATE at position no. 27 (WFS "Planet", FRG). The radiation fluxes have been measured directly, while the heat fluxes have been parameterized with the bulk formula however with bulk coefficients depending on stability. The heat loss of the ocean due to warming of the cooler precipitation is included for the determination of the net flux at the ocean surface. Some examples of hourly mean values of different fluxes during different weather conditions are additionally shown.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Spectral analysis of time series for hourly and three minutes surface observations of potential temperature, specific humidity and wind speed show significant differences between spectra for disturbed and undisturbed conditions in the period range between one and five days and 30 and 120 minutes. The spectrum of pot. temperature which was found to be a good indicator of convective activity showed that these differences are mainly caused by enhanced convection during disturbed conditions, as the cloud and subcloud layer are strongly coupled by updrafts and downdrafts. This convective mixing influences the near surface fields of pot. temperature, wind velocity, and to a lesser extent 0£ specific humidity. For moderate to depressed convection the cloud and subcloud layers are less coupled. The diurnal radiative forcing then determines the spectra. Convection seems not to be distinctly organized, while during enhanced convective activity, the individual clouds are organized on a larger scale, forming what is commonly called cloud clusters. Two modes are found in the long period range which could be determined with a certain significance. The first one in the range of 4 to 5 days the second one in the range of 30 to 40 hours. The analysis of the high resolution buoy measurements at "Meteor" shows a further maximum due to convective influences for periods of about 40 minutes.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: With a 6-channel integrating nephelometer spectral scattering properties of the atmospheric aerosol have been measured during the third part of the Atlantic Expedition 1969. A meridional cross section of light scattering integrals in the wavelength range 0.475 µm to 0.924 µm was recorded reaching from 10° S to 60° N along 30° W. With a new algorithm the time series of hourly scattering spectra was inverted yielding a first meridional cross section of the median radius of the number size distribution in situ. Three air mass regimes could be distinguished in the course of the experiment, the first one being the extremely clean air of the SE-trade south of the ITC. An abrupt increase in light scattering marked the hemispheric change when the ship entered the NE-trade which was heavily loaded with Sahara dust. North of the trade region the ship sailed through maritime North Atlantic air masses with highly variable light scattering and a slow decrease in median radius with latitude.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: The attempt is made to determine the mass flux distribution function within tropical disturbances by direct observations as radar observations, rawinsonde ascents, and precipitation measurements. The necessary statistical parameters are derived from the observed data during phase III of GATE. The results of our direct method are in agreement with the results for other regions of the indirect methods based on the parametrization of ARAKAWA & SCHUBERT (1974): the mass flux distribution is bimodal. Because of a discontinuity in the relationship between cloud top height and entrainment factor for middle high clouds we find a minimum of cloud mass flux for these clouds. The unknown vertical velocity at cloud base is derived with the continuity equation for water vapor and the observed precipitation rates.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: The hydrodynamic roughness of the sea surface at low wind speeds (u10 〈 5 ms-1) is investigated according to the aerodynamic profile method. The wind, temperature, and humidity profiles were measured during GATE in 1974. In some earlier publications on this subject the density stratification has not been considered. Therefore apparent roughness parameters are found, which are smaller than those for a hydrodynamic smooth flow. In this paper the density stratification was determined from 10 m-values of wind, temperature, and humidity. From more than 1 OOO 10 min-profiles an average drag coefficient reduced to neutral stability of CD,N10 = (1.10 ± 0.32) · 10-3 for u10 〈 5 ms-1 is obtained. As the slight decrease of CD,NlO with increasing wind speed is not significant, CD,NlO can be regarded as independent of the wind speed. In the range of low wind speeds (1.75 ms-1 〈 t110 〈 5 ms-1) the sea surface is hydrodynamically rough. The validity of the Charnock formula z0 = u*2/ag cannot be verified. An influence of wind waves on the wind profile can be shown even for wave heights less than 0.75 m up to a level of 2 m above the sea surface. Therefore the drag coefficient was determined from wind values above 2 m height.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: During GATE 37 flights with radiometersondes to measure the infrared radiation were made from R.V. "Meteor" at 7.8° N, 22.1° W. This position was close to the ITCZ, very often high reaching convective clouds dominated. The profiles of the irradiances are dominating influenced by clouds. Examples are given, one showing the dependence on cirrus clouds, another that on dense altostratus and nimbostratus clouds. The goal of the measurements was to obtain mean profiles of infrared radiative heating rates, but due to the high variability of the clouds and due to the difficulty to assign the flights to distinct clouds, only three mean profiles could be calculated: - Average of all 37 flights, - Clear skies, - Skies overcast with medium clouds.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
    Description: The distribution of 210Pb and 210Po in dissolved ( 〈 0.4-micron) and particulate (〉 0.4-micron) phases has been measured at ten stations occupied during cruise 32 of F. S. "Meteor" in the tropical and eastern North Atlantic. Both radionuclides occur principally in the dissolved phase. Unsupported 210Pb activities, maintained by flux from the atmosphere, are present in the surface mixed layer and penetrate into the thermocline to depths of about 500 m. Dissolved 210Po is ordinarily present in the mixed layer at less than equilibrium concentrations, suggesting rapid biological removal of this nuclide. Particulate matter is enriched in 210Po, with 210Po/210Pb activity ratios greater than 1.0, similar to those reported for phytoplankton. At depths of 100-300m, 210Po maxima occur, and unsupported 210Po is frequently present, an observation that suggests rapid re-cycling within the thermocline. Comparison of the 210Pb distributions with those reported for 226Ra at nearby GEOSECS stations confirms the widespread existence of a 210Pb/226Ra disequilibrium in the deep sea. Close to the bottom, profiles of 210Pb and 226Ra usually diverge, and 210Pb concentrations frequently decrease with depth, suggesting a sink for 210Pb near the seafloor. Particulate 210Pb concentrations ordinarily show little systematic variation with depth. At depths greater than 1,000 m, dissolved 210Po activities are, on the average, less than those of 210Pb by 12 % . A corresponding 210Po enrichment in the particulate phase is found.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
    Description: Pelagic tar has been collected daily on a transsect from off Prtugal to south of the Canary Islands in January/February 1975. A new neuston sampler was used which may be towed at speeds between 7 and 10 knots (DERENBACH & EHRHARDT 1975). A total of 22 samples was taken. Dimensions of tar balls ranged from potatoe-size to small specks approximately 1 mm in diameter. Concentrations were found to vary between 20.5 and 0.007 mg/m2, except for one instance of an extremely high tar concentration of 2270 mg/m2. 49 GC analyses were made. 61% showed bimodal peak distributions characteristic of crude oil sludges. The composition of tar balls was independent of their size suggesting diffusion controlled degradation.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
    Description: During the International ICES Expedition "Overflow '73" a total of 174 samples from 18 stations were collected by R. V. "Meteor" in the waters of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge area. They were filtered on board ship (through 0.4 µm "Nuclepore" filters), then stored in 500 cm3 quartz bottles (at -20°C) and analyzed in air-filtered laboratories on land for zinc and cadmium by means of the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry technique and copper and iron by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The overall averages of 1.9 µg Zn l-1, 0.07 µg Cd l-1, 0.5 µg Cu l-1 and 0.9 µg Fe l-1 are in good agreement with recent "baseline" studies of open-ocean waters. The mixture of low salinity water masses from the North Iceland Shelf/Arctic Intermediate Waters seem to maintain distinctly lower concentration of Cd, Cu and Fe than the waters from the North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea where quite similar mean values are found. There is only little evidence for the assumption that overflow events on the ridge are influencing the concentrations of dissolved metals in the near-bottom layers.
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  • 48
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    Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 69 pp.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-21
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  • 49
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    SEPM
    In:  SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research, 47 (1). pp. 237-243.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-06
    Description: Based on the X-ray diffraction analyses of 150 bottom samples from the area of the Atlantic Ocean influenced by the Amazon River, trends in the clay mineral composition were observed. For the 〈 2 micron size fraction of samples from the mouth of the Amazon River for a distance of 1,400 kilometers along the shelf, montmorillonite shows a trend increasing from 27% to 40%, the kaolinite decreases from 36% to 32%, and the 10A mica decreases from 28% to 18%. Chemical alteration of clay minerals accounts for very little of these trends. Differential flocculation is shown not to be an important mechanism probably because of natural organic and metallic coatings which give all the clay minerals similar flocculating properties. The study shows the dominant mechanism responsible for the laterally changing composition of the clay minerals to be the physical sorting of sediment by size.
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  • 50
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    Unknown
    In:  (Master thesis), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 143 pp
    Publication Date: 2021-08-03
    Description: Factor analysis of radiolarian species from the tops of 34 gravity cores in the area extending from 5°N to 45°N, 95°W to 155°W, yields five factor assemblages which are related to the present surface cir­culation: 1) a Pacific Equatorial Water assemblage; 2) a California Current assemblage; 3) a North Equatorial Current assemblage; 4) a Tropical Surface Water assemblage; 5) an oxygen minimum layer assem­blage. A sixth assemblage appears to be the resu1t of dissolution. The variation of these factors through the late Pleistocene is based on the analysis of samples from two cores. Transfer functions which re1ate core top assemblages to temperature at the sea surface and at 130 m depth were used to determine paleotemperatures. Stratigraphie control was provided by OxYgen isotope ana1ysis of planktonic foramini­fera from one core. Synchronous levels in the other core were deter­mined from biostratigraphic correlation of the variations in the abundance of three species of radiolaria between cores. A reconstruc­tion of the paleoceanography based on the results of the above analyses indicates that during the last glacial maximum (18,000 yrs BP): 1) sea surface temperatures were slightly lower than today; 2) the areal extent of warm Pacific Equatorial water and Tropical Surface water was diminished; 3) the California Current, North Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Current were stronger than at present; 4) there was an increase in the thermal gradient in the thermocline and/or an increase in the depth of the mixed layer; 5) air and sea surface circulation patterns were constricted and experienced minimal north-south oscillation.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
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  • 52
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    Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen
    In:  Steenstrupia, 4 (16). pp. 179-188.
    Publication Date: 2021-04-30
    Description: Chiroteuthis acanthoderma sp. n., based on two specimens from the Celebes Sea and the sea NW. of New Guinea, is described, figured, and its relationship shortly discussed.
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  • 53
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    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research, 82 (8). pp. 1347-1352.
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: A model for earthquake swarms in volcanic regions consists of the following concepts: (1) clusters of magma‐filled dikes exist within brittle volumes of the crust, (2) dikes within a cluster are systematically oriented with their long dimension in the direction of the regional greatest principal stress, and (3) a sequence of shear failures (an earthquake swarm) occurs along a system of conjugate fault planes joining en echelon offset dike tips at oblique angles. This model accounts for commonly observed geometric relations between surface faulting patterns, the hypocentral distribution of swarm earthquakes, and fault plane solutions in a variety of situations. Swarm areas dominated by strike‐slip faulting, however, provide the most compelling examples of the utility of the model. Specific examples considered here include a swarm on the east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, and swarms in the Imperial Valley, California, and the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, which represent transitional zones between spreading centers and transform faults.
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  • 54
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    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 23 (1-2). pp. 57-75.
    Publication Date: 2020-12-08
    Description: Several types of abyssal bedforms have been discovered during surveys with a deeply towed instrument package at water depths of 1.5–6 km in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Cores and current-meter records obtained at the same sites provide data for interpreting their dynamics. Wave and current ripples are best portrayed in bottom photographs, but medium-scale bedforms, including sand waves, mud waves and erosional furrows, are described by interpreting high-resolution side-looking sonar records. The largest examples affect surface-ship echograms, though their shape and structure can seldom be resolved without near-bottom observations. Wave ripples are common on the slopes of seamounts and ridges, while current ripples and sand waves occur beneath some fast thermohaline currents whose beds are shallower than the foraminiferal compensation depth. Depositional and erosional bedforms in cohesive sediment have been found beneath the deepest thermohaline currents; they may be restricted to areas where the flow is unusually steady in direction.
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  • 55
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    Danish Science Press
    In:  Galathea Report , 14 . pp. 123-132.
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: Ten species of Cephalopoda are described. One species, Leachia atlantica (Degner, 1025), is reported for the first time since the original description. Most of the specimens are larvae or juveniles. The Galathea Deep-Sea Expedition of 1950-52 collected 16 specimens of cephalopods, pertaining to ten species, off the West African coast. The station list and species collected are given in Table 1. Since the tropical eastern Atlantic has been fairly well sampled (see Clarke 1966, fig.1) the present collection contains no new species. However, one of the species described, Leachia atlantica (Degner, 1925) is reported for the first time since the original description. Most of the specimens in the present collection are larvae or juveniles. This may be due to the ability of cephalopods, ans especially of the larger animals, to avoid nets. In this respect it is of interest to note that all the types of fishing gear listed in Table 1, with the exception of shrimp otter trawl, have an opening of 3m or less. It is also interesting that sic species (10 specimens) of cephalopods were collected at Station 8, as opposed to only one species (1-3 specimens) at each of the other stations, since the haul at Station 8 was carried out after dark whereas the others were made by daylight (Table 1). The abbreviations used in the text and in Table 1 are as follows:- HYDR Hydrographic gear. I, II, III, IV Dorsal, dorsolateal, ventrolateral and ventral arms, respectively. MLd Dorsal mantle length, in mm. MW Metres wire out. S 200 C Stramin net, circular opening, diameter 200 cm. SOT Schrimp Otter Trawl. ST 300 Sledge Trawl, 3m wide; single bag. For further details of fishing gear, sea Bruun (1959).
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
    Description: The identity of substrate-inhibitor specificity with respect to several choline esters and organophosphorus compunds was demonstrated for the cholinesterases of the optical ganglion of the squid Ommastrephes bartrami, inhabiting the South Atlantic and the Great Australian Bight. Two cholinesterases with different properties were found in optical ganglia of these squid.
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  • 57
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    Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei Hamburg | Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
    In:  Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie: Forschungsbericht, M77.10 . Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei Hamburg, Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Hamburg, Germany ; Kiel, Germany, 49 pp.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: From mid November 1975 till mid May 1976 an integrated research programme has been carried out in the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic between 68°West and 14°East and 50° and 60°South by means of the FRV "Walther Herwig" and FMS "Weser". Data on krill and krill larvae have been gathered concerning frequency, horizontal and vertical distribution with respect to the krill biology. Furthermore hydrographical data on the environmental conditions have been recorded. The problems of locating and catching the krill have been solved to a large extent. The processing of krill and the development of krill products has been tested bt a great number of different technologies. The investigations have been concentrated on the developaent of the products for human consumption. Besides krill, antarctic fishes have been caught, investigated and partly processed.
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  • 58
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    VCH Verl.-Ges.
    In:  Erdöl & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie, 30 (6). pp. 251-256.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Die wirtschaftlichen Erfolge der Explorationsarbeiten auf Kohlenwasserstoffvorkommen in den Schelfgebieten veranlaBten bereits Ende der sechziger Jahre eine Intensivierung der geowissenschaftliehen Forschungsarbeiten an den Kontinentalrändern der Ozeane. Forschungsinstitutionen und Erdölindustrie beteiligen sich an diesen Arbeiten. Ziel dieses Berichtes ist es, an Hand von typischen Beispielen Anhaltspunkte zu gewinnen, ob jenseits der Schelfkante in den tieferen Teilen der Ozeane Kohlenwasserstoffvorkommen auftreten können. Nach den bisherigen Erkenntnissen entsprechen die strukturellen Verhältnisse im Untergrund von Kontinentalabhang und -anstieg oft denen unter dem angrenzenden Kohlenwasserstoff-führenden Schelf. Erdölmuttergesteine sind auch jenseits der Schelfkante bekannt geworden, Speichergesteine sind zu vermuten. Es kann daher im Prinzip auch dort mit Kohlenwasserstoffvorkommen gerechnet werden. Mehrere Konzessionen erstrecken sich über die Schelfkante ins Meer hinaus und erste Aufschlußbohrungen sind bereits in tieferen Wassergebieten der Ozeane abgeteuft worden. Hydrocarbon resources beyond the shelf break? - Based on encouraging results of oil and gas exploration ·activities in the shelf regions of the oceans, geoscientific investigations of the continental margin have considerably intensified since the end of the sixties. Research institutions and oil industry are interested in these investigations. The aim of this paper is to find out, by critical evaluation of some typical examples, wheth•ar there are areas beyond the shelf break that are probably prospective for hydrocarbon deposits. Source rocks have become known in the underground of the deep-water regions, reservoir rocks can be infered. According to our present knowledge, the geological conditions prevailing in the deep underground of the continental slope and rise often correspond to those of the bordering shelf area where oil or gas fields occur. Therefore, hydrocarbon deposits can also be expected beyond the continental shelf. Several oil concessions have already been granted for fields extending beyond the continental shelf and some wild cats have also been drilled there.
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    FAO
    In:  FAO Fisheries Reports, 200 . pp. 483-279.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
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    Geological Society of America
    In:  Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88 (3). pp. 367-371.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: An essentially complete section of middle Cretaceous to Paleocene, calcareous, pelagic sediments is exposed at Gubbio, in the Umbrian Apennines of Italy. This, the first of five papers, presents the lithostratigraphic and sedimentological basis for subsequent discussions of biostratigraphy and magnetic stratigraphy. Biogenic coccolith-globigerinid oozes were deposited along with a constant but low background of fine terrigenous detritus at a mean sedimentation rate (compacted) of 6.6 m/m.y. from Albian to Eocene time; individual stages deviate from this by a factor of two. Short-term variations in carbonate input yielded a sequence of limestone beds punctuated by thin shale interbeds. These shale-limestone couplets accumulated in time spans between 20,000 and 100,000 yr, and the thin shales may represent up to one-half of the total time. Modification by diagenetic solution, tectonic shear, and weathering render shale interbeds unsuitable for magnetic work. The limestone beds, first bioturbated and then compacted and cemented during diagenesis, appear likely to have recorded magnetic history at intervals on the order of 50,000 yr, sufficient to provide a good record of polarity changes. Moderate to high states of oxidation prevailed except in Aptian-Albian and a portion of Turonian to Santonian times.
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    US Gov.Print.Off.
    In:  Fishery Bulletin, 75 (2). pp. 239-252.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: Auf der skandischen und atlantischen Seite des Island-Färöer-Rückens wurden je zwei Tiefseekerne aus ca. 1200–2500 m zwischen 4–6 m Länge auf ihre Globigerinen-Anteile, O-Isotope (Paläotemperaturen), z. T12C/13C-Verhältnisse, sowie auf sedimentologische Besonderheiten und Benthos-Elemente untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß die paläoklimatische und stratigraphische Deutung solcher im Grenzbereich zweier ozeanischer Räume unter komplizierten hydrographischen und glazialen Verhältnissen abgesetzter Sedimente außerordentlich schwierig und nur durchführbar ist, wenn alle Merkmale synoptisch betrachtet und ausgewertet werden. Aufarbeitungsvorgänge können die Globigerinen-Verhältnisse, isotopisch „leichtes“ Schmelzwasser die δ18O-Werte erheblich stören. Die nur während der Übergangsphase von Kalt- zu Warmzeiten in größerem Maße abgesetzten glazialmarinen Geschiebebrocken sowie Reaktionen des Benthos sind eine wichtige Interpretationshilfe. Die Kerne der skandischen Seite reichen bis in die Riß-Kaltzeit, von der atlantischen Seite einer bis in das Eem, der andere bis in das Würm-Glazial. Während der Warmzeiten werden Temperaturen erreicht, die die heutigen leicht übersteigen können, die der Kaltzeiten schwanken zwischen −1 °C und + 3 °C. Die hohe Sedimentationsrate bleibt während der Kaltzeit relativ konstant, während der warmen Phase steigt sie nach S erheblich an. Während dieser Zeit wurden die Kerne des atlantischen Hanges durch „Overflow“-Prozesse geprägt. Ihre Lutite bis Sande enthalten besonders viele Sedimentanteile, die von der Schwelle selbst stammen und Hinweise auf deren geologische Natur und deren Alter geben. Die z. T. gekritzten Geschiebe in den glazialmarinen Diamiktiten besonders der Kerne der NE-Seite sind wahrscheinlich größtenteils aus der Arktis, Skandinavien, eventuell auch aus dem britischen Raum abzuleiten. Während der Glaziale erfolgte wahrscheinlich kein oder nur ein geringer Wasseraustausch zwischen beiden ozeanischen Bereichen, im Skandik herrschten damit möglicherweise geänderte Strömungsbedingungen. Two sediment cores, 4–6 m long, were taken from the north and two from the south of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (water depths 1200–2500 m). Sedimentological and biostratigraphical investigations as well as oxygen and carbon isotope determinations were used to explain the palaeoclimatic conditions during the accumulation of the cored sediments in this boundary area of two adjacent, highly different oceanic environments. Only by investigation of as many parameters as possible satisfying results can be gained. Reworking of sediments can influence theGlobigerina-percentages, isotopically “light” melt water can seriously affect the δ18O-values. Ice-rafted material deposited primarily during the transition phase from a cold to a warm period proves to be of considerable importance for the interpretation of the cores. The oldest sediments obtained from the region north of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge are of Riss-Glacial age, those from south of the ridge of Eem Interglacial and Riss Glacial age, respectively. During warm (interglacial and/or interstadial) times temperatures as high or even higher than today were measured, during cold times temperatures range between −1 °C and + 3 °C. Sedimentation rates are high and nearly constant during cold times, but increase during warm intervals in the southern area of investigation. During these warm intervals sediments from the southwestern slope of the Iceland-Faeroe-Ridge are strongly influenced by “overflow” processes. Those sediments contain a considerable amount of ridge-derived material which gives evidence of the ridge's geologic character and age. Most of the partly scratched boulders in the glaciomarine diamictites, especially in the cores from NE of the ridge, can be derived from the Arctic region and Scandinavia; some boulders, however, may have come from the British Isles. During glacial times there was hardly any mixing between water masses north and south of the ridge, the current conditions might have been different.
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  • 63
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    American Museum of Natural History
    In:  Micropaleontology, 23 (4). pp. 369-414.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: The spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of planktonic foraminifera in ocean waters are influenced by the interaction of biological factors (algal symbionts, food supply, predation, interfaunal relationships, productivity) and physical-chemical factors (nutrients, light, temperature, salinity, water density, turbidity, etc.). Estimates of standing stock have generally been obtained from plankton tows and not from total volumes of sea water. Size fractions less than 200μ have been ignored in most calculations of standing stocks, which usually increase by several orders of magnitude in progressively smaller size fractions. The relative abundance and distribution patterns of 32 species in Indian Ocean waters and surface sediments have been determined from 154 plankton tows and 190 core-tops. Principal-components analysis groups the populations into nine life assemblages and five fossil assemblages. A quantitative comparison between the life and fossil assemblages is then possible by algebraically relating the factor assemblages: FsFp× C The matrix of coefficients, C, shows the degree to which the spatially and seasonally independent plankton assemblages, Fp, are linearly mixed during the process of sedimentation to form the sea-bed assemblages, Fs. A large fraction of the sea-bed assemblages above the CaCO3 compensation depth may be derived by simple mixing of the plankton assemblages. The model shows, for example, how proportions of four discrete tropical and subtropical life assemblages contribute in producing a single tropical-subtropical fossil assemblage. According to this model, differential productivity, selective solution, and biotic mixing do not mark the primary distribution patterns of the living species.
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  • 64
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    American Museum of Natural History
    In:  Micropaleontology, 23 (4). pp. 436-452.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: Paleogene and Neogene world-wide distribution patterns of planktonic foraminifera are discussed. Differences in environmental conditions, mainly changing water temperatures, are regarded as the principal factors controlling the occurrence and distribution of individual species. Species associations caused by natural barriers, such as the Isthmus of Panama, may also develop at similar latitudes. Furthermore, anomalous distribution patterns, resulting from the exclusion of certain species at the expense of others are also known within the same area. As a result of all these differing species distributions numerous zonal schemes were proposed, some of which are herein shown on figures 1 and 6. Correlation problems that necessarily arise from this are discussed for a number of selected areas and sections. For the Paleogene, examples are discussed from the Caucausus-Crimea and eastern Mediterranean, where faunal differences are caused by climatic and facies changes. In the Neogene of the Caribbean-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, different faunal developments and distribution patterns may occur at similar latitudes. A good example of temporary exclusion of certain species is found within the Caribbean, where during the presence of Globorotalia miocenica Palmer, G. exilis, and G. pertenuis Beard in the Middle Pliocene, Pulleniatina sp. and to a large degree also Globorotalia menardii (d'Orbigny) have disappeared, to return only after the extinction of the first named group of species.
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  • 65
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    American Museum of Natural History
    In:  Micropaleontology, 23 (2). pp. 155-179.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: Six spinose species of planktonic foraminifera (Hastigerina pelagica (d'Orbigny), Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady), Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny), Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady), Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady) and Orbulina universa d'Orbigny) are routinely collected by scuba diving in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda and are maintained in the laboratory. These and non-spinose species can also be collected with plankton nets for laboratory culture. H. pelagica recovers extremely well from the net-towing operation. The mean survival times of H. pelagica, G. aequilateralis, G. ruber, G. sacculifer, G. conglobatus and O. universa in laboratory cultures are 21.1, 10.6, 6.2, 6.7, 11.8 and 8.8 days, respectively. These figures reflect in part the onset of gametogenesis, which terminates the life of the mother cell. During gametogenesis, which occurs over a period of about thirteen hours, the mother shell sinks and sheds its spines, and hundreds of thousands of gametes are released. Gametogenesis has been observed in nine species. All six spinose species possess one or more types of associated algae, which vary widely in size and number. The external ones are large dinoflagellates, such as Pyrocystis fusiformis, P. noctiluca and Dissodinium spp., which occur with H. pelagica. The smaller ones (zooxanthellae) in G. sacculifer, G. ruber and O. universa exhibit a circadian periodicity of ingress into the shell in the evening and egress to the rhizopodial network and the distal parts of the spines during the day. Some planktonic foraminiferal species are herbivorous, others are carnivorous, and still others are omnivorous. Copepods appear to be the main diet of G. aequilateralis and H. pelagica, both of which are fed Artemia nauplii in the laboratory. Shell and spine growth have been observed, and the formation of a new chamber in G. ruber takes place in about 90 minutes.
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  • 66
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    Polska Akademia Nauk
    In:  Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences Serie des Sciences de la Terre, 25 (2). pp. 75-82.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-26
    Description: Abundant accumulations of D. polymorpha (Pallas) shells occur on the shores of Szczecin Bay, Baltic Sea (northwest Poland). Studies on the conditions of their formation involved a quantitative analysis of 3 sets: shells of bivalves living in the Bay, shells accumulating on the bottom due to natural mortality of bivalves and shells accumulated by waves in the supralittoral zone of the Bay. Differences in shell-size distribution of the living pelecypods and shells accumulating in the bottom sediments are due to biological and sedimentological processes. Due to the mortality of bivalve populations, shell accumulations are richer in large specimens than the corresponding biocenosis. Formation of supralittoral shell accumulations involves enrichment of the material in small shells, large shells remaining on the basin floor.
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  • 67
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    University of Chicago Press
    In:  Biological Bulletin, 153 (2). pp. 322-335.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: 1. Female specimens of Illex illecebrosus of 20 to 28 cm mantle lengths lived, fed and grew in a 15 m diameter pool for periods up to 82 days; deaths during the first week were associated with skin damage during capture and those after the eighth week with precocious sexual maturation. 2. Under the conditions described, squid survived repeated capture and urethane anesthesia, as well as tattooing and surgical procedures. Techniques for handling are described. 3. Although the cause of early maturation is not certain, squid entering the pool were exposed to increased photoperiods, and a relationship is hypothesized between this stimulus and the natural November spawning migration. 4. The rapid sexual maturation observed and the small size of eggs ready to be spawned indicates that the one year life cycle previously proposed for Illex illecebrosus is feasible.
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  • 68
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    Seismological Society of America
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 67 (4). pp. 1029-1050.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: A geometrical ray method is developed for wave calculations involving three-dimensional planar dipping interfaces. Justification for the method is based on analogy with first-motion approximations derived from generalized ray theory where frequency dependence in the reflection-transmission coefficients is related to changes in the complex ray parameter. The method is applied to finding the teleseismic response of an arbitrarily oriented dislocation source in dipping layered media and for receiver calculations which assume an impinging P or S wave beneath a stack of dipping layers. Source results indicate that wave forms from fast azimuthally varying sources, such as strike-slip faults, are significantly distorted from the plane layered case for simple structures. A simple dipping Moho for dips up to 10° does not significantly distort vertical and radial P waves for the receiver response. However, due to azimuth anomalies introduced by interface dip a significant tangential P component is produced. In addition, the S-wave response becomes a function of source mechanism due to the need for specifying the incident polarization angle. Polarization studies are suggested for finding dipping structure.
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  • 69
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    Royal Society of London
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 286 (1336). pp. 283-301.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: The relatively high concentrations of cobalt, nickel, and copper in deep-sea manganese nodules, such as those occurring on the sea-bed beneath the north equatorial Pacific Ocean, indicate that these marine sediments are potential ore deposits. In order to explain the strong enrichments of Ni, Cu, and Co in the nodules, the crystal chemistries and structures of the host manganese oxide minerals must be understood. Over twenty manganese(IV) oxide minerals are known, but only three predominate in manganese nodules. They are todorokite, birnessite, and delta-MnO2. All MnIV oxides contain edge-shared MnO6 octahedra linked in diverse ways, leading to a hierarchy of structure-types somewhat resembling the classification of silicates. Todorokite is deduced to contain chains of edge-shared MnOe octahedra enclosing huge tunnels, thus resembling hollandite and psilomelane. Birnessite has a layered structure with essential vacancies in the sheets of edge-shared MnO6 octahedra, while δ-MnO2 is a disordered birnessite. The uptake of Co into manganese nodules involves replacement of low-spin Co3+ for Mn4+ ions in the structures, whereas Ni2+ and Cu2+ substitute for Mn2+ ions in octahedra located in the chains or between layers of edge-shared MnO6 octahedra.
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  • 70
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    Society for Sedimentary Geology
    In:  SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research, 47 (2). pp. 868-890.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-02
    Description: Eolian-sand turbidites form a clearly distinguishable "eolomarine" sediment facies. They are almost devoid of gradation, fine fraction, and mica, and have comparatively coarse sand medians. The sands consist predominantly of quartz grains, a significant portion of which show yellowish-red stains and frosted surfaces, both characteristic of desert sands in subtropical latitudes. The turbidite beds frequently reach thicknesses of 100 to 〉600 cm. A persistent fraction of calcareous shallow-water particles indicates a shoreline derivation. Eolian-sand turbidites occur off passive continental margins where active desert dunes have migrated seaward by dominantly offshore winds during (glacial) periods of low sea level. Accordingly, they indicate and date past environmental zones of minimum precipitation that migrate rapidly over the land and leave few datable traces. For example, during Pleistocene Weichselian time turbidites in the Gulf of Guinea resulted from a northwestward shift of dunes of the Kalahari desert across the Congo River. Similarly, an Early Miocene precursor of the Sahara is suggested for the region of the Spanish Sahara which then lay at 15-16 degrees N. This appears to be a Miocene analogue of the Pleistocene Weichselian desert. A model for the initiation of eolian-sand turbidity currents can start with the Recent situation of high sea level in northwest Africa where desert-dune supplied sand is trapped in a sand wedge at the shoreline, slowly prograding over the shelf platform. However, during a glacial low-sea-level stage, this wedge was located at, or below, the shelfbreak, on gradients of which 37% exceed 10 degrees at the ubiquitous slope-incision heads. A series of structural, petrographical and environmental features then generated repeated failures and slumps of gigantic quantities of sand that became turbidity currents. As they moved downslope, they may have cut or kept open numerous small slope incisions. On the continental rise they formed highly porous deposits of up to hundreds of cubic kilometers with a high potential storage capacity for hydrocarbons.
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  • 71
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    Academ. Press
    In:  Symposia of the Zoological Society of London (38). pp. 61-87.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-14
    Description: The captures of pelagic cephalo pods by the 3 m Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl (IKMT), the 8m2 reetangular midwater trawl (RMT 8), and the small (1400 mesh) Engeltrawl (E.MT) are compared. The sampling site was a one-degree square area in the North Atlantic Ocean east of Bermuda known as Ocean Acre. The IKMT and the RMT 8 were equipped with closing devices. Comparative samples were taken on the same cruise or at least during the same season of the year. The comparisons were made on net captures taken at 13 standardized depth increments from the surface to 1250m for both day-time and night-time. Comparisons were developed for catch rate (standardized to number of specimens captured per hour of trawling), species composition, size distribution, and co-occurrence of species. The comparison of IKMT and the RMT 8, nets with nearly equivalent mouth openings, indicates that the IKMT catches slightly larger specimens of the same species than the RMT 8. The RMT 8, however, catches more specimens per hour of a given species than the IKMT, and it tends to catch a greater diversity of species. The Engel trawl, a net with a much larger area of mouth opening than the other nets, catches a significantly greater number of species, more specimens of each species, and very much !arger specimens than either the IKMT or the RMT 8.
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    Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.)
    In:  The Biological Bulletin, 153 (2). pp. 387-412.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: Early investigators, Verrill, Baird, Leidy, and others, studied the marine fauna of the Atlantic coast of North America, They reported developmental stages of tapeworms in various invertehrates and in lishes. Morphological agreement of plerocercoids from the several host-species presaged taxonomic relationship but posed an enigma: the presence of similar larvae in such diverse host-species. No Information on life-histories of marine cestodes was available, and determination of life-cycles under experimentally-controlled conditions was far in the future.
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  • 73
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    Akademija Nauk SSSR
    In:  Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P. P. Širšova, 107 . pp. 1-16.
    Publication Date: 2020-04-30
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 82 (27). pp. 3843-3860.
    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Description: Deep‐sea drilling in the Antarctic region (Deep‐Sea Drilling Project legs 28, 29, 35, and 36) has provided many new data about the development of circum‐Antarctic circulation and the closely related glacial evolution of Antarctica. The Antarctic continent has been in a high‐latitude position since the middle to late Mesozoic. Glaciation commenced much later, in the middle Tertiary, demonstrating that near‐polar position is not sufficient for glacial development. Instead, continental glaciation developed as the present‐day Southern Ocean circulation system became established when obstructing land masses moved aside. During the Paleocene (t = ∼65 to 55 m.y. ago), Australia and Antarctica were joined. In the early Eocene (t = ∼55 m.y. ago), Australia began to drift northward from Antarctica, forming an ocean, although circum‐Antarctic flow was blocked by the continental South Tasman Rise and Tasmania. During the Eocene (t = 55 to 38 m.y. ago) the Southern Ocean was relatively warm and the continent largely nonglaciated. Cool temperate vegetation existed in some regions. By the late Eocene (t = ∼39 m.y. ago) a shallow water connection had developed between the southern Indian and Pacific oceans over the South Tasman Rise. The first major climatic‐glacial threshold was crossed 38 m.y. ago near the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary, when substantial Antarctic sea ice began to form. This resulted in a rapid temperature drop in bottom waters of about 5°C and a major crisis in deep‐sea faunas. Thermohaline oceanic circulation was initiated at this time much like that of the present day. The resulting change in climatic regime increased bottom water activity over wide areas of the deep ocean basins, creating much sediment erosion, especially in western parts of oceans. A major (∼2000 m) and apparently rapid deepening also occurred in the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD). This climatic threshold was crossed as a result of the gradual isolation of Antarctica from Australia and perhaps the opening of the Drake Passage. During the Oligocene (t = 38 to 22 m.y. ago), widespread glaciation probably occurred throughout Antarctica, although no ice cap existed. By the middle to late Oligocene (t = ∼30 to 25 m.y. ago), deep‐seated circum‐Antarctic flow had developed south of the South Tasman Rise, as this had separated sufficiently from Victoria Land, Antarctica. Major reorganization resulted in southern hemisphere deep‐sea sediment distribution patterns. The next principal climatic threshold was crossed during the middle Miocene (t = 14 to 11 m.y. ago) when the Antarctic ice cap formed. This occurred at about the time of closure of the Australian‐Indonesian deep‐sea passage. During the early Miocene, calcareous biogenic sediments began to be displaced northward by siliceous biogenic sediments with higher rates of sedimentation reflecting the beginning of circulation related to the development of the Antarctic Convergence. Since the middle Miocene the East Antarctic ice cap has remained a semipermanent feature exhibiting some changes in volume. The most important of these occurred during the latest Miocene (t = ∼5 m.y. ago) when ice volumes increased beyond those of the present day. This event was related to global climatic cooling, a rapid northward movement of about 300 km of the Antarctic Convergence, and a eustatic sea level drop that may have been partly responsible for the isolation of the Mediterranean basin. Northern hemisphere ice sheet development began about 2.5–3 m.y. ago, representing the next major global climatic threshold, and was followed by the well‐known major oscillations in northern ice sheets. In the Southern Ocean the Quaternary marks a peak in activity of oceanic circulation as reflected by widespread deep‐sea erosion, very high biogenic productivity at the Antarctic Convergence and resulting high rates of biogenic sedimentation, and maximum northward distribution of ice‐rafted debris.
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    Institut für Seefischerei
    In:  In: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Seefischerei der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei. Institut für Seefischerei, Hamburg, pp. 1-48.
    Publication Date: 2020-02-19
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-11-27
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA-CR-185897 , NAS 1.26:185897 , D180-20788-1
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  • 77
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 97 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-25
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 78
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 72 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-25
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  • 79
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 60 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-20
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 80
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 95 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-20
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 81
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 77 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-16
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 82
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 61 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-16
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-09-05
    Description: This two volume publication presents the proceedings of the third through sixth history symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics. Thirty-nine papers are divided into four categories: (1) Early Solid Propellant Rocketry; (2) Rocketry and Astronautics: Concepts, Theory, and Analyses after 1880; (3) The Development of Liquid and Solid Propellant Rockets from 1880 to 1945; and (4) Rocketry and Astronautics after 1945. Categories 1 and 2 will be found in volume 1 and the remainder in volume 2. Among other diciplines, Rocketry and Astronautics encompasses the physical and engineering sciences including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, vibration theory, structural mechanics, and celestial mechanics. Papers presented in these two volumes range from those of empirical experimenters who used the time-honored cut and try methods to scientists wielding theoretical principles. The work traces the coupling of the physical and engineering sciences, industrial advances, and state support that produced the awesome progress in rocketry and astronautics for the most part within living memory. The proceedings of the four symposia present in these two volumes contain information on the work of leading investigators and their associates carried out in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: NASA-CP-2014-VOL-1 , Symp. held at Brussels, 23 Sep. 1971; Sep 23, 1971; Brussels; Belgium|Symp. held at Mar del Plata, Arg., 10 Oct. 1969; Oct 10, 1969; Mar del Plata; Argentina|Symp. held at Constance, West Ger., 11-12 Oct. 1970; Oct 11, 1970 - Oct 12, 1970; Constance; Germany|Symp. held at Vienna, 13 Oct. 1972; Oct 13, 1972; Vienna; Austria
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-09-05
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: General
    Type: NASA-CP-2014-VOL-2 , Symp. held at Mar. del Plata, Arg., 10 Oct. 1969; Oct 10, 1969; Mar. del Plata; Argentina|Symp. held at Constance, West Ger., 11-12 Oct. 1970; Oct 11, 1970 - Oct 12, 1970; Constance; Germany|Symp. held at Brussels, 23 Sep. 1971; Sep 23, 1971; Brussels; Belgium
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  • 85
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 40 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-05
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 86
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 135 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-05
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 87
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 59 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-03
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 88
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 116 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-03
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 89
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 88 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-03
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 90
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 65 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-02
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 91
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 123 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-02
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 92
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 71 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-02
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 93
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 127 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-02
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 94
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 70 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-08-30
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 95
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 67 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-08-30
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  • 96
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 72 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-08-29
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 97
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Topics include: NASA TU Services: Technology Utilization services that can assist you in learning about and applying NASA technology; New Product Ideas: A summary of selected innovations of value to manufacturers for the development of new products; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Life Sciences; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
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  • 98
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Topics: NASA TU Services: Technology Utilization services that can assist you in learning about and applying NASA technology; New Product Ideas: A summary of sel~ted innovations of value to manufacturers for the development of new products; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Life Sciences; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
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  • 99
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: These highlights include the Space Shuttle, the Voyagers, Landsat, aeronautics, Spacelab, HEAO-1, and energy research.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: ASR-154 , NASA-TM-109626 , NONP-NASA-VT-93-190424
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A prime goal of the Viking missions to Mars is to search for life on that planet. Each of the two landers incorporate three specific life-detection experiments, and all have operated successfully. However, as any newspaper reader knows, the results are ambiguous, in that some experiments suggest a highly active martian biology while others appear to indicate that the samples are sterile. It would be premature to conclude from the results of the biological experiments that martian life forms have definitely been detected. In addition, the picture is clouded by unexpected results from another Viking experiment, which is designed to detect organic and inorganic chemical compounds in the martian soil. In Science for 1 October 1976, K. Biemann of MIT and ten of his colleagues report the first results from the Viking 1 Gas-Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) experiment.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: MERCURY; 6; 2; 18-20
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