ALBERT

Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in \xe2\x80\x9cNederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief\xe2\x80\x9d. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known.\nThe data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.

Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3\xc2\xb045\xe2\x80\x99 and 5\xc2\xb035\xe2\x80\x99 N. lat. and 126\xc2\xb032\xe2\x80\x99 and 127\xc2\xb010\xe2\x80\x99 E. long.\nThe main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.

Description: Anne Antoinette van Bosse, fille de M. Jacob van Bosse et de Mme Jaqueline Jeanne n\xc3\xa9e Reynvaan, naquit \xc3\xa0 Amsterdam le 27 mars 1852. Tr\xc3\xa8s jeune encore elle perdit sa m\xc3\xa8re; sa soeur, son ain\xc3\xa9e de 10 ans, prit sa place aussi bien qu\xe2\x80\x99elle put. Outre cette soeur elle avait trois fr\xc3\xa8res.\nSelon l\xe2\x80\x99usage de cette \xc3\xa9poque les familles ais\xc3\xa9es n\xe2\x80\x99envoyaient pas leurs filles \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cole, ainsi Anna van Bosse re\xc3\xa7ut \xc3\xa0 la maison son instruction par une institutrice de nationalit\xc3\xa9 suisse. La botanique et la zoologie furent d\xe2\x80\x99embl\xc3\xa9e ses branches pr\xc3\xa9f\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xa9es; les fr\xc3\xa9quentes visites au jardin zoologique \xe2\x80\x9dArtis\xe2\x80\x9c y contribu\xc3\xa8rent pour une grande part. l\xe2\x80\x99Observation des animaux exotiques lui procurait un grand plaisir et jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 pr\xc3\xa9sent elle porte un grand int\xc3\xaaret \xc3\xa0 \xe2\x80\x9dArtis\xe2\x80\x9c.

Description: In Eerbeek, in einem der sch\xc3\xb6n gelegenen D\xc3\xb6rfer der Provinz Gelderland, steht ein altes Schloss, von der Verkehrsstrasse weit entfernt, und am Bach entlang zu erreichen. Es ist das sogenannte \xe2\x80\x9dHuis Eerbeek\xe2\x80\x9c, das Haus der Frau Dr. Weber, die Herrin im wahren Sinne des Wortes.\nDa k\xc3\xb6nnen wir heute der neunzigj\xc3\xa4hrigen begegnen, beim Heruntersteigen der steinernen Treppe, oder auch am Teiche, bei den Karpfen und Enten; nicht selten auch trifft man sie ihre sch\xc3\xb6nen Buchenalleen musternd, durch die sie mit raschen Schritten sich fortbewegt. T\xc3\xa4glich nach dem Mittagsmahl geht sie spazieren, manchmal um mit dem G\xc3\xa4rtner und mit ihren Bauern etwas zu besprechen. Und was gibt es in der heutigen Zeit nicht alles auf einem Gut zu tun, das Gut, das sie mit ihrem Gatten geh\xc3\xbctet und entwickelt hat, bei welcher Arbeit sie beide ihren grossen biologischen Interessen fr\xc3\xb6nen konnten.

Description: It needs an explanation why among the botanical papers published in this volume to honour Mrs. Weber\xe2\x80\x94van Bosse on her 90th birthday a zoological contribution has been inserted. Those who have read the curriculum vitae of this wellknown botanist in the foregoing pages of this volume will not wonder, for they know that she has been keenly interested for more than half a century in the zoological work of her late husband. And so among the chorus of botanists the voice of a zoologist could hardly be missed. For many years I have enjoyed the friendship of both, and I am grateful for this opportunity to show Mrs. Weber my affection and my admiration.\nWhen contemplating an adequate theme for this paper it occurred to me that in some way or other it had to dwell on the relations between zoology and botany and as the distribution of animals is a branch of science which has always interested both Max Weber and me, I decided on the influence which the distribution of plants has on that of animals.

Description: Le mat\xc3\xa9riel \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9 dans ce travail a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 par le R.P. Foreau S.J., aux environs de Shembaganur, dans les Palni Hills, entre 5200 et 6500 pieds, au cours des ann\xc3\xa9es 1929 et 1930.\nJe donnerai d\xe2\x80\x99abord la liste de toutes les esp\xc3\xa8ces que j\xe2\x80\x99ai pu observer dans ce mat\xc3\xa9riel, puis quelques d\xc3\xa9tails sur celles qui peuvent pr\xc3\xa9senter un int\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xaat particulier.

Description: Lorsque, il y a une ann\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 peu pr\xc3\xa8s, ma collaboratrice Mlle Jos\xc3\xa9phine Koster vint me trouver en sugg\xc3\xa9rant l\xe2\x80\x99id\xc3\xa9e d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9diter un volume d\xc3\xa9di\xc3\xa9 au jubil\xc3\xa9 de votre quatre-vingt-dixi\xc3\xa8me anniversaire, j\xe2\x80\x99acceptai sans h\xc3\xa9sitation. Cette id\xc3\xa9e m\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait en effet d\xe2\x80\x99autant plus sympathique que j\xe2\x80\x99avais cherch\xc3\xa9 depuis longtemps une occasion pour vous exprimer en public notre admiration tant pour votre personne que pour votre oeuvre.\nSi nous ne nous \xc3\xa9tions pas trouv\xc3\xa9s dans un temps o\xc3\xb9 les contacts internationaux sont interrompus, si pr\xc3\xa9cieux et si indispensables pour nous autres, travailleurs scientifiques, il aurait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 certainement possible d\xe2\x80\x99organiser une collaboration de plusieurs pays d\xe2\x80\x99outre mer. Car nous savons que vos nombreux amis auraient \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 heureux de pouvoir contribuer \xc3\xa0 cet humble t\xc3\xa9moignage de notre amiti\xc3\xa9 et de notre v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ration. Ils sont nombreux en effet, vos amis, et parmi eux se trouvent les coryf\xc3\xa9es de votre science, l\xe2\x80\x99algologie. H\xc3\xa9las cette grande guerre, qui s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend sur tout notre monde et qui a temporairement rompu tant de liens, nous a forc\xc3\xa9 de limiter nos invitations \xc3\xa0 quelques repr\xc3\xa9sentants de votre science, vivant dans notre petit continent. Ils se sont d\xc3\xa9clar\xc3\xa9s heureux de pouvoir offrir des articles en votre honneur, articles que vous trouverez publi\xc3\xa9s dans ce petit volume, suppl\xc3\xa9ment de notre journal \xe2\x80\x9cBlumea\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: Les Chlorophyc\xc3\xa9es du golfe de Gascogne sont encore peu connues. Elles n\xe2\x80\x99ont fait l\xe2\x80\x99objet que d\xe2\x80\x99une courte \xc3\xa9num\xc3\xa9ration de C. Sauvageau dans son travail \xe2\x80\x9dsur les Algues marines du golfe de Gascogne\xe2\x80\x9c. J\xe2\x80\x99ai repris cette \xc3\xa9tude au cours d\xe2\x80\x99un s\xc3\xa9jour \xc3\xa0 Saint-Jean-de-Luz et \xc3\xa0 Biarritz, pendant le printemps de 1940. J\xe2\x80\x99ai r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 les esp\xc3\xa8ces suivantes: 1. Prasiola stipitata Suhr \xe2\x80\x94 Se rencontre dans le port de Saint-Jean-de-Luz au niveau de l\xe2\x80\x99 E. marginata. Il est de petite taille, ne d\xc3\xa9passant gu\xc3\xa8re 1 cm de hauteur. Il se pr\xc3\xa9sente parfois sous la forme ordinaire, \xc3\xa9largie en lame au-dessus d\xe2\x80\x99un stipe uniforme; mais, plus souvent, il forme une simple languette, \xc3\xa9troite et contourn\xc3\xa9e, \xc3\xa0 aspect d\xe2\x80\x99 Ent\xc3\xa9romorphe et rappelle alors le Prasiola calophylla.

Description: The genus Galaxaura can in several respects be classed among the most remarkable Florideae. It is not only \xe2\x80\x94 with Chantransia \xe2\x80\x94 the genus richest in forms of all the genera belonging to the order of Nemalionales, which has more than 70 described species, it also offers, both in its interior and its exterior organization, such a high differentiation, and a tissue specialization going so far, that, as the monographer of the genus, the late Professor F.R. Kjellman (1900), said: \xe2\x80\x9dit may be difficult even in the great province of the Florideae to find forms with a higher or even as high a division of labour in the tissues of the shoot...\xe2\x80\x9c.\nEven if the number of species may actually diminish with further investigations, this is in a way connected with a peculiarity of organization, characteristic of the genus Galaxaura, namely that the sexual plant of a species has quite another anatomical structure of the cortical tissue than does the tetrasporic plant. This remarkable discovery was made by Howe (1917, 1918), who had had the opportunity of studying some species of Galaxaura in the West Indies, in their natural localities. This fact was not known of any Floridea at the time Kjellman wrote his monograph on this genus in 1900. Moreover, Kjellman had a quite different conception of the position of the tetraspores during the course of development of the Florideae than the one we have nowadays formed from the results of the cytological research. To Kjellman the tetraspores or, as he called them, the \xe2\x80\x9dtetragonidia\xe2\x80\x9c, were a kind of propagation organ with the character of \xe2\x80\x9dNebenfruktifikation\xe2\x80\x9c, and thus not, as we must now regard them, the reproduction bodies of the diploid generation ending the diplophase in the alternation of generations. Thus, when Kjellman in his herbarial studies found forms of Galaxaura with otherwise similar organization but with quite a different cortical anatomy, it was quite natural that he described them as new species. One of the tasks of future taxonomical research will therefore be to combine such \xe2\x80\x9dspecies\xe2\x80\x9c of Kjellman as, in reality, are only the sexual and the tetrasporic generation of one and the same species. Naturally, this problem can only be solved by a botanist who has the opportunity of studying the development of the Galaxaurae in their native localities. Finally, only cultures will be really decisive. However, the number of species of Galaxaura will certainly be reduced.

Description: An attempt has been made to subdivide a very polymorphous plant species by means of a quantitative statistical method. This method has been based upon the following working hypothesis: 1\xc2\xb0 as some morphological characters of the material, concerning e. g. the shape of the leaves, the length of the pedicels etc., show an extremely great variation, each of these characters in every specimen at hand may be stated to be in one of three (one intermediate and two extreme) conditions; 2\xc2\xb0 if a character happens to be in an intermediate condition in a relatively great number of specimens the difference between the extreme conditions of that character may be considered insignificant from a taxonomical point of view; 3\xc2\xb0 the fewer characters of two or more specimens are differing significantly (in the way mentioned), the more reason there is to consider those specimens to belong together; and, on the contrary, the more numerous the significant differences are, the more reason there is to distribute the specimens to two (or more) different groups. On the basis of this working hypothesis the material at hand, consisting of 143 specimens (all considered to belong to the Sapotaceous Planchonella sandwicensis, which was discussed in a paper by Lam), could be subdivided into two different groups. Five characters were chosen, each allowing to state one intermediate and two opposite extreme conditions. Of these the shape of the leaf proved to be a most important criterion for a subdivision. After this had been stated, a purely quantitative check was made which largely endorsed the result.