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  • Articles  (107,593)
  • 2005-2009  (107,593)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (107,593)
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  • Books  (80)
  • Articles  (107,593)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where Do Mistakes Come From? (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.00053.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News Briefs/ (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.00056.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In Nebraska, a large number (〉200) of shallow sand-point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand-point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand-point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3−, N2, δ15N[NO3−] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand-point wells within 30 m of a septic system and 〈14 m deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0015.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichlorofluoroethene: A reactive tracer for evaluating reductive dechlorination in large-diameter permeable columns (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE) was used as a reactive tracer to determine the in situ rate of reductive dechlorination in treatment zones impacted by three large-diameter permeable columns (LDPCs) that were installed at a trichloroethene (TCE)–contaminated site. The LDPCs were part of a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen, lactate, and zero-valent iron for remediating TCE-contaminated ground water. The rate of TCFE reductive dechlorination was determined for each LDPC by means of push-pull tests conducted in each treatment layer. In addition, the distribution of TCFE's lesser chlorinated transformation products was determined. The rates of TCFE reductive dechlorination ranged from 0.05/d to 0.20/d and corresponded to half-lives ranging from 3.5 to 13.9 d. cis-Dichlorofluoroethene was the dominant transformation product detected in all the tests, which is consistent with the findings from pilot tests conducted in the LDPCs prior to the TCFE push-pull tests. cis-Chlorofluoroethene (CFE) and 1,1-CFE also were detected and indicate the potential for vinyl chloride to form under all treatment regimes. Significant production of fluoroethene (FE), the analog of ethene, was observed for only one of the hydrogen treatments. Unambiguous and sensitive detection of the lesser chlorinated products, such as CFE and FE, is possible because TCFE and its transformation products are not found in the background ground water at contaminated sites. Good agreement between the rates and transformation product profiles for TCFE and TCE in both field and laboratory experiments indicates the suitability of TCFE as a surrogate for predicting the rates of TCE reductive dechlorination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0016.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground water nitrate-nitrogen trends in relation to urban development, Helena, Montana, 1971–2003 (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground water nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations in the area of Helena, Montana, have increased in both magnitude and extent over the past three decades. It is hypothesized that increases are due to land-use changes associated with urbanization. Population in the Helena area increased by 28.7% between 1990 and 2000, with a commensurate increase in subsurface waste water disposal. Aquifer NO3−-N trends were examined using standard statistical methods applied to identical data sets compiled from 10 publicly funded investigations carried out between 1971 and 2003. Although these analyses indicated an overall increase in NO3−-N over time, conventional statistical techniques applied to flawed data sets are not appropriate for analysis, nor do they illustrate combined temporal and spatial trends of anthropogenic aquifer impacts. In order to use publicly available data collected over decades, geographic information system spatial analysis using inverse distance–weighted interpolation was employed. Isopleth maps graphically depicting temporal changes in NO3−-N concentrations and distribution throughout the study area (35,340 ha) were created. Analysis of these maps revealed increases in NO3−-N concentration and extent over each separate decade. NO3−-N increases were most evident in areas overlying bedrock aquifers and locales with high density and unpermitted septic systems. NO3−-N concentrations did not appear to be increasing extensively in areas overlying the shallow alluvial aquifer or along major stream corridors. Urban development and concurrent loss of native and agricultural properties were the main changes in land use in the Helena, Montana, area over the 32-year study period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0017.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNAPL and bacteria (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0042.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of application-specific critical inputs for the 1991 Johnson and Ettinger vapor intrusion algorithm (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: At sites where soil or ground water contains chemicals of concern, there is the potential for chemical vapors to migrate through the subsurface to nearby basements, buildings, and other enclosed spaces. The 1991 Johnson and Ettinger algorithm and subsequent refinements are often used to assess the significance of this pathway and to establish target cleanup levels. To facilitate its use, the U.S. EPA distributes spreadsheets programmed with the 1991 Johnson and Ettinger algorithm. These user-friendly spreadsheets make the equations more accessible; however, the U.S. EPA spreadsheets require a large number of inputs (〉20), and as a result, relationships between model inputs and outputs are not well understood and users are not able to identify and focus on the critical inputs. The U.S. EPA spreadsheets also allow users to inadvertently enter inconsistent and unreasonable sets of input values, and these often lead to unreasonable outputs. The objective of this work, therefore, is to help users develop a better understanding of the relationships between inputs and outputs so that they can identify critical inputs and also to ensure reasonableness of inputs and outputs. The 1991 Johnson and Ettinger algorithm is introduced, and differences between it and its U.S. EPA spreadsheet implementation are identified. Next, results from a parametric analysis of the algorithm are used to create a flowchart-based approach for identifying the application-specific critical inputs. Use of the flowchart-based approach is then illustrated and validated through comparison with the results of a more traditional sensitivity analysis for four scenarios. Recommendations are also given for the reformulation of inputs to minimize misapplication of the algorithm and the spreadsheets, and reasonable ranges for reformulated input values are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0002.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive diffusion ground water samplers at a site with heterogeneous hydrostratigraphy: Pilot study results (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Use of passive diffusion (PD) ground water samplers has significantly increased in recent years because significant cost savings may be realized, primarily because sampling time is reduced and minimal investigation-derived waste (IDW) is generated. However, PD samplers measure water quality over a relatively discrete interval, while traditional purge-and-sample methods are most influenced by the water quality in more permeable zones across the well screen. Consequently, these two sampling methods may potentially yield distinctly differing concentration measurements for a specific well if significant contaminant stratification and geologic heterogeneity exist. A large body of purge-and-sample historical monitoring data exist for the study site, and results from potential future full-scale PD sampler application must be interpretable and comparable in the context of these historical data to be useful for evaluating achievement of long-term site remediation objectives. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to assess potential for PD samplers for monitoring chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water. PD samplers were installed in a select group of indicator wells, and their performance was compared to results from both purge-and-sample and low-flow (LF; another discrete interval–type technique) methods. At several wells, multiple PD samplers were installed across the well screen interval to evaluate potential contaminant stratification. At one well, contaminant stratification was particularly significant: concentrations of total VOCs measured by two PD samplers installed ∼0.6 m (2 feet) apart differed by an order of magnitude. PD sampler and LF data interpreted in tandem with purge-and-sample data provide additional information, suggesting that contamination is located primarily in the more permeable zones at the study well locations. Additionally, low concentrations of some VOCs were measured in some PD and LF samples but not in the corresponding purge-and-bail samples. The results of this study underscore the importance of pilot studies and careful program design and regulatory agreement before implementing PD samplers (or any alternative sampling method) in a long-term monitoring program, especially at sites with heterogeneous hydrostratigraphy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0004.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated ground water sampling and analysis of trichloroethene using a “universal” sampling/analytical system (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Long-term monitoring of sites contaminated with recalcitrant compounds will require the deployment of analytical sensors in an automated system capable of some degree of calibration and quality control. The primary method of providing calibration is to enclose the analytical sensors in a chamber where the environment of the chamber may be controlled. An automated “universal” sampling/calibration/analytical system was developed for mounting analytical sensors in the well or adjacent to the well. The automated universal system allows a sensor to directly analyze the analyte in the water sample or to analyze the analyte in the headspace above the water sample. The ability to analyze the analyte partitioned into the headspace is important for the determination of many volatile species. The analysis of trichloroethene (TCE) is performed by a TCE optrode monitoring the TCE concentrations in the headspace above the water sample. The term optrode refers to a chemically selective fiber-optic sensor. The TCE in the headspace reacts with a colorimetric reagent, producing a colored (red) product. The time history of the development of the colored product is used as the method of determination. The TCE optrode has a limit of detection of 1 part per billion (ppb). There are no interferences from many commonly occurring volatile chlorinated compounds encountered in aquifers such as tetrachloroethene, dichloroethenes, trichloroethane, or dichloroethanes. The system was deployed for monitoring TCE concentrations up to 200 ppb at sites in California and Florida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0006.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPA Update: The proposed standards for all appropriate inquiries: A balance between tradition and obligations (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0035.x
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