ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Decline in bees and wasps linked to land-use changes (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-08-07

Description: The declining number of bee and wasp species in England has been linked to historic changes in land-use in a recent study. Researchers say that policies which promote diverse landscapes offer more opportunities for bees and wasps to nest and forage and are best for conserving these insect pollinators.

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Increasing energy efficiency in the home may boost life expectancy and health (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-08-07

Description: Changes in the home that increase energy efficiency, such as improved insulation and ventilation control, have the potential to reduce indoor air pollution. This study assessed the health impact of interventions in the UK arising from changes to indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter and found that such changes could improve health and increase life expectancy for men and women by three and two months, respectively.

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Geodiversity information enhances biodiversity conservation (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-08-07

Description: Geodiversity describes the diversity of the non-biological parts of the natural world such as rocks, soils, landforms and the processes which shape them over time. New research on how geodiversity information has been used to examine or inform conservation policy has been explored through eight different case studies. The research shows the variety and utility of geodiversity information to support biodiversity protection, both now and in the future.

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Floating litter in the Black Sea: abundance and composition (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-08-07

Description: Reliable data regarding marine debris pollution in the Black Sea are lacking. This study provides the first account of the abundance and types of litter floating in the north-western part of the Sea. This information will help to develop effective solutions for marine litter in the region and therefore to achieve the EU objective of ‘Good Environmental Status’ by 2020.

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5

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Increasing diversity through crop rotation boosts soil microbial biodiversity and productivity (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-08-07

Description: Planting a variety of crop species in rotation in agricultural fields increases the diversity of soil microbes below ground, recent research has found. This in turn positively affects soil organic matter, soil structure and aids the healthy functioning of the soil. The researchers say that rotational diversity can help farmers to grow crops in a more sustainable way that promotes soil stability.

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Protected areas that allow access to local people also benefit wildlife (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: Protected areas that allow local people to use the resources in a sustainable way are better for biodiversity conservation than excluding people entirely, a new study suggests. In a review of over 160 scientific studies, the researchers found that protected areas which were managed to allow sustainable access yielded greater socioeconomic benefits. Importantly, those with greater socioeconomic benefits were also more likely to report biodiversity benefits.

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Benefits of constructed wetland ecosystem services worth more than double the costs (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: The economic benefits of the ecosystem services provided by constructed wetlands far outweigh the costs of maintaining them, new research has confirmed. Analysis of a wetland that treats the third largest lake in Florida, US, shows that it provides ecosystem services worth $1.79 (€1.64) million per year, against costs of less than half that figure.

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Personal experience with global warming drives mitigation behaviour (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: A number of studies have shown that the public misunderstand global warming. Taking a fresh approach, this study investigated the willingness of the public to take part in activities that mitigate climate change. An international survey of 24 countries revealed that this is strongly related to personal experiences with global warming. The authors say linking actions to benefits could encourage climate change mitigation behaviour.

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9

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Link found between ‘algal blooms’ and liver disease (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: Cyanobacteria — often referred to as blue-green algae — are found in water bodies around the world and can produce toxins with potential health risks. This US-wide study found a significant positive association between cyanobacterial bloom coverage and death by non-alcoholic liver disease. The researchers say their study suggests some evidence of a potential health risk and should be used to generate further investigation into the health impact of cyanobacteria.

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10

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Mediterranean countries use more natural resources than their ecosystems provide (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: In the Mediterranean region the demand for natural resources and ecological services is two and half times greater than ecosystems’ capacity to provide them, recent research has found. To meet this demand, countries rely on imports, exposing themselves to price volatility and potential resource shortages. According to the authors, a 10% increase in global prices would particularly impact vulnerable countries such as Jordan, which would see its trade balance worsening by 2.4% of its gross domestic product.

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11

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Approaches to park management influence attitudes towards nature (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-11

Description: Green spaces like urban parks can counteract the loss of plant and animal species caused by urbanisation. For many city dwellers, parks provide most of their experiences of natural spaces. Researchers have compared different methods of park management in Paris and Berlin, and assessed how they influence citizens' attitudes towards nature.

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12

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Vegetation of coast dunes not changing due to climate change (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Scientists did not observe changes in plant communities in the coastal dunes of Scotland due to climate change in the past several decades. The region’s proximity to the ocean and its patchy make-up may prevent it from experiencing rapid changes in species distribution.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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13

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Reducing global particulate matter pollution could save millions of lives (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Globally, more than 3.2 million premature deaths per year are attributed to due to exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). A new study estimates that 2.1 million premature deaths could be avoided if countries achieved the WHO guideline for PM2.5. Even by meeting their closest WHO interim concentration targets could avoid 750 000 (23%) deaths attributed to PM2.5 per year.

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14

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Risk perceptions are essential in communicating about climate change (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Experts and members of coastal communities possess both differences and similarities in how they perceive the risks associated with changes in sea level. A new study, based on interviews with both, has found that future communication about the risks should focus on specific adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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15

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Global variation in persistent organic pollutants in breast milk (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are priority pollutants that pose a risk to human health, and can be passed on to children via breast milk. This study investigated how concentrations of POPs in breast milk vary worldwide by reviewing studies published between 1995 and 2011. They found that levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins in breast milk are higher in Europe and North America, whereas pesticides are more prevalent in Africa and Asia. The authors call for harmonisation of methodologies to enable high quality comparisons between studies.

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16

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Framework shows potential for ‘rewilding’ abandoned European farmland (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Rewilding, a process of passive management focused on restoring natural ecological processes and reducing human influence on landscapes, could be used to restore the increasing amounts of abandoned agricultural land in Europe to more biodiverse wilderness. A new study has designed a framework to measure potential for rewilding in areas across Europe, highlighting in particular the potential of Natura 2000 sites and suggesting specific aspects of wilderness that future policies could address.

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17

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Reducing avian collisions with wind turbines (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-18

Description: Wind is an important renewable energy source for Europe. The wind power capacity installed in 2014 could produce enough electricity to meet over 10% of the EU’s electricity consumption. However, wind power structures can also be harmful to birds, which can collide with turbines. This study assessed methods of reducing avian collisions with wind turbines and makes several practical recommendations.

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18

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First detection of novel flame retardants in Antarctic species (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-09-25

Description: Groups of chemicals used as flame retardants were present in the bodies of Antarctic rock cod (Trematomus bernacchii), young gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), and brown skua seabird (Stercorarius antarcticus) collected from King George Island, Antarctica. This study is the first to find some of these chemicals in Antarctica, confirming that they undergo long-range transport and can reach isolated areas where they are not widely produced or used.

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19

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Shorter shipping routes not necessarily more climate friendly (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-11-20

Description: For economic and political reasons, freight shipping has begun to utilise shorter routes across Arctic waters. This study assessed the costs, emissions and climate impact of trade using the Northern Sea Route between the Northern Pacific and Europe. It concludes that there are no overall climate benefits to using this route, even though it reduces voyage distance, due to the additional impact of emissions in the Arctic region.

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20

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Land users are positive about long-term benefits of sustainable practices (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-11-20

Description: The costs and benefits of sustainable land management have been collated in a new review. Data from a global archive was analysed for the costs of sustainable practices and technologies and for land users’ perceptions of cost–benefit ratios. Most respondents had a positive view of the short-term cost-benefit ratio, and a strongly positive view of the long term. Low upfront costs, long-term planning and security of land tenure were identified as important factors to facilitate these practices.

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21

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: first nationwide survey in Spain (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-11-20

Description: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project is the first human biomonitoring programme to estimate levels of environmental pollutants at national level in Spain. This study reports its findings on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. The results will help to establish reference values, identify highly exposed populations and evaluate effectiveness of policies.

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22

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Green innovations could cut carbon emissions from road projects by a third (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-11-20

Description: Carbon emissions from Dutch road networks could be reduced by almost a third if more innovative materials and processes were used, a new study suggests. Researchers assessed the potential benefits associated with 10 innovations in road construction and maintenance, and compared them to conventional materials and processes.

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23

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New trait-based method predicts whether mammals can keep up with climate change (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: A new approach to modelling the spread of mammal populations under climate change has been developed. The method overcomes the problem of missing ecological data for most species by using information on species characteristics, or ‘traits’, associated with population demographic rates and individual movements to deduce which species move too slowly to escape climate change’s effects on their habitat. The model’s results suggest that around 30% of mammal species may not be able to disperse quickly enough to survive.

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24

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Fertiliser tax of €0.05–0.27 per kilogram calculated for France as incentive to limit its use (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-16

Description: A tax of €0.05–0.27 per kilogram (kg) of fertiliser could help to limit French farmers’ use of fertiliser, which is driven by the high rapeseed prices resulting from biofuels policy, according to new economics research. This, in turn, may limit fertilisers’ environmental impacts, such as water pollution, the study’s authors suggest.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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25

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Drought management in Europe: researchers present new evaluation method (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Droughts can have far-reaching environmental, social and economic impacts. A new study has assessed how drought is managed in six areas of Europe using a new evaluation framework. Their evaluation identified policy gaps and makes recommendations for risk management. A key recommendation is to evaluate responses and management after each drought to identify good practices and strengthen drought management in the future.

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26

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Aerosol pollutants can have long-range effects on ocean oxygen levels (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Oxygen decline is occurring in many of the world’s oceans and has important consequences for marine ecosystems, but the causes are not fully understood. Aerosol pollutants may be partly responsible, according to a new study which modelled the effects of atmospheric pollution over the Pacific Ocean. The findings suggest that air pollution can exacerbate climate impacts on the ocean, even when the source is far away.

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27

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Crop wild relatives ‘critically under-represented’ in gene banks (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Wild plants closely related to crops, or ‘crop wild relatives’, contain genes that could be useful for developing resilient crop varieties and are, therefore, important for food security. This global study quantified their conservation status and availability for breeding. The researchers found major gaps in gene-bank stocks, with over 70% of crop wild relative species identified as ‘high priority’ for conservation action. The researchers say systematic efforts are needed to protect crop wild relatives for future plant breeding, including both protection in gene banks and local conservation.

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28

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Phosphorus flow severely affected by human activity in three large river basins (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Human activities have caused phosphorus to accumulate in soils and water bodies, creating a legacy that could last for decades, new research shows. A study of three major river basins highlights better sewage treatment facilities and reduced fertiliser use as key reasons for an overall decline in phosphorus levels in the Thames River basin, UK, since the late 1990s.

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29

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Does environmental noise lead to depression and anxiety? (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-29

Description: People who are annoyed by environmental noise are also more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety, a new, large-scale study from Germany suggests. The results do not prove that noise causes mental health issues but suggest a possible link, which the study’s authors are exploring further. Of all the types of noise considered in the study, aircraft noise was reported to be the most annoying.

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30

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Asbestos products and waste: new classification system developed (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-29

Description: Researchers have presented a comprehensive new classification manual of asbestos-containing products (ACP), materials (ACM) and waste (ACW) in a recent study. They also mapped suitable landfill sites for the proper disposal of ACW in Italy and developed guidance on assigning ACW to correct European Waste Catalogue (EWC) codes. The research will help operators engaged in asbestos waste disposal across Europe and should contribute to aims for the total removal of asbestos from the EU.

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31

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Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive — lack of evidence for Eastern European countries (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-29

Description: A recent study has analysed research on implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Europe and identified a number of research gaps that could be filled. For example, some countries, such as Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, have not been well studied and more research on the experiences of such countries would build up knowledge on the implementation of the WFD across Europe.

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32

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New environmental DNA method detects invasive fish species in river water (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-29

Description: Scientists have developed a new way of monitoring Ponto-Caspian gobies, a group of widely invasive fish species, by detecting traces of the fishes’ DNA in river water. They say, in a recent research paper, that it offers a quicker, easier and cheaper way of monitoring the fish than conventional catching or sighting methods.

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33

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Water run-off is key to measuring the release of biocides from treated construction materials (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Weathering of treated wood and other construction materials can lead to the release of chemicals into the environment. Researchers have investigated the release of biocides from wood and roof paints, demonstrating that the amount of water in contact with exposed surfaces is a key factor in determining the level of active chemicals released. The study provides guidance for testing biocidal products in line with the European Biocidal Products Regulation.

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Coordinated policies can benefit both air quality and climate change (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-23

Description: Pollutants emitted by human activities have caused declines in air quality and drastic changes to climate. Despite being inextricably linked, these two major environmental issues tend to be viewed separately by policy. However, in certain instances, considering these issues together could lead to strategies that benefit both, according to a newly published review.

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Economic downturn affects businesses’ renewal of environmental certification schemes in Spain (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-29

Description: The uncertain economic climate has severely affected companies’ decisions on whether to renew Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) certification in Spain, a recent survey indicates. The study suggests that a company is less likely to renew if initial certification was mainly motivated by government subsidies and grants than if certification is believed to improve business performance.

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36

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Urban design can promote walking: people physically active for up to 1.5 hours more per week in activity-friendly neighbourhoods (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-09

Description: People who live in the most ‘activity-friendly’ neighbourhoods do up to 1.5 hours more physical activity a week than those in the least supportive neighbourhoods. This is according to a new international study which measured levels of exercise — mainly walking for recreation or transport — in relation to the urban environment across 14 diverse cities. The results show how urban design — such as parks and local amenities — can promote healthy lifestyles which also bring environmental benefits, such as better air quality, through reduced car use.

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37

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EU pesticide-poisoning data could be harmonised between Member States (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-09

Description: Pesticide-related poisonings in EU Member States must be reported to the European Commission under current legislation, but there is no standard information collection and reporting system. A new system has been proposed, which harmonises data collection, categorisation and reporting, enabling exposure data to be compared among Member States. The new system would improve the monitoring of pesticides in Europe and aid the identification of emerging problems.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Published by European Commission DG Environment

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38

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Biodiversity scenarios should focus on land use as well as climate change (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-06-24

Description: Biodiversity scenarios are a useful tool to help policymakers predict how flora and fauna will likely respond to future environmental conditions. Although changes to land use are a major driver of biodiversity loss, scenarios focus overwhelmingly on climate change, a new study shows. The researchers say this imbalance makes scenarios less credible, and make recommendations for developing more plausible projections.

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39

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Chemicals risk assessment: evidence-evaluation methods analysed for nine EU regulations (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-06-24

Description: The use of two methods to systematise evidence-evaluation methods is reviewed in nine EU regulations dealing with chemicals risk assessment. The majority of frameworks were found to promote the use of ‘weight of evidence’ or ‘systematic review’-style approaches, but the study found a lack of structured, consistent and detailed guidance for these approaches. The researchers recommend this guidance is developed collaboratively by European regulatory agencies and points to best practice for this guidance.

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40

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Nudging may be better than shoving: voluntary non-monetary approaches to conservation (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-06-24

Description: Voluntary non-monetary conservation — where citizens implement actions without a financial incentive — is an emerging approach to biodiversity protection that could be applied in many countries and environments, a new study shows. This study makes recommendations for actions, such as being simple and affordable, and calls for conservation scientists to recognise their value as a complementary tool alongside traditional market-based and coercive approaches, such as payment for ecosystem services and national parks.

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Removing invasive mammals from islands leads to major biodiversity benefits (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-06-24

Description: Eradication of invasive mammal species is a strategy used to help conserve biodiversity on islands and restore populations of native species. Researchers have now assessed the success of this strategy globally, highlighting the importance of controlling invasive species to protect biodiversity on islands and achieve global conservation targets.

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Intensive grassland farming could have deep effects: sequestering significantly less soil carbon (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-06-24

Description: Huge amounts of soil carbon have been discovered up to 1 metre below grassland in a recent UK study. Yet most carbon inventories do not assess soil deeper than 30cm. Furthermore, this research suggests that intensive management of grassland, involving high rates of fertiliser use and livestock grazing, may deplete carbon at these depths.

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Mercury levels exceed safety standards for fish in six European freshwater and estuary sites (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-05-27

Description: Mercury levels in bream (Abramis brama) collected from six European sampling sites from 2007 to 2013 exceeded the Water Framework Directive’s safety limit for fish in all but one site in 2012, a new study discovers. The findings suggest greater efforts need to be made to prevent mercury pollution.

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Shark ‘hotspots’ and fishing activities overlap in the North Atlantic Ocean (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-05-27

Description: Sharks aggregate in ‘hotspots’ in the North Atlantic Ocean and are at risk from overfishing by longliner vessels that target the same areas for fishing, a recent study has concluded. Researchers found that the shark and fishing-fleet ranges overlapped by 80% in the North Atlantic and call for international regulation of shark catches to protect at-risk shark populations.

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Increasing impact of oestrogen pollution through climate change and population growth (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-05-27

Description: Oestrogens are ‘female’ hormones that can enter the aquatic environment after excretion by humans and animals, causing ‘feminisation’ of male fish. This study carried out a risk assessment for oestrogen-like endocrine disruption in the UK in the 2050s, based on likely changes to the human population, river flows and temperature. The authors found that risk is likely to increase under future conditions and recommend further research to assess whether improving sewage treatment could reduce oestrogen pollution.

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Polystyrene microplastics negatively affect oyster feeding, reproduction and offspring (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-05-27

Description: Oysters exposed to polystyrene microplastics produced fewer offspring, which were also smaller and slower growing than offspring from unexposed oysters, according to recent research. The researchers say their study adds to growing evidence of the harm caused by microplastic pollution and can help stakeholders to take action on plastic debris entering the oceans to limit its long-term impact on marine life.

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Top 10 environmental issues for EU inland ports (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-05-27

Description: The top 10 environmental priorities for EU inland ports have been identified in a recent survey. A port’s relationship with the local community was the top environmental issue, followed by concerns over air and water quality. The survey provides the first benchmark of the environmental performance of inland ports, against which progress in their environmental management can be measured in the future.

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48

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Nanoparticles’ ecological risks: effects on soil microorganisms (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: Nanotechnology is a key enabling technology predicted to have many societal benefits, but there are also concerns about its risks to the environment. This study reviewed the effects of nanoparticles on soil microorganisms, showing that toxicity depends on the type of particle. The researchers make recommendations for improving environmental risk assessment, including performing experiments in soil and over longer time periods.

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Noise pollution may make people less likely to exercise (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: Physical inactivity raises the risk of ill health, so environmental factors that reduce the level of physical activity in people should be of concern to policymakers as well as to individuals. A new study has associated long-term annoyance with transportation noise with reduced physical activity in Swiss residents, which may indirectly contribute to diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity.

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Fertiliser tax of €0.05–0.27 per kilogram calculated for France as incentive to limit its use (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: A tax of €0.05–0.27 per kilogram (kg) of fertiliser could help to limit French farmers’ use of fertiliser, which is driven by the high rapeseed prices resulting from biofuels policy, according to new economics research. This, in turn, may limit fertilisers’ environmental impacts, such as water pollution, the study’s authors suggest.

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Ignoring flood risks leads to increasing losses: assessment should include climate change, land use and economic development (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: Floods are devastating natural hazards, which can cause loss of life and substantial damage to buildings and other infrastructure. Assessing future flood risk is complicated by the influence of climate change, land-use change and economic development in an area. A study on an Alpine valley suggests that land- use change and urbanisation will affect future flood risk by 2030 more than climate change, but risks can be reduced by adopting low-cost adaptation strategies, such as building restrictions in flood-prone areas and residents taking their own precautions against flooding.

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Urban agriculture: why ‘one size fits all’ approaches don't work (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-07-15

Description: Global interest in urban agriculture is growing. However, the importance of local context is not reflected in current governance approaches, argues a new study which evaluated urban agriculture in Belgium and Poland. The authors say that considering city-specific factors can help urban agriculture achieve its full potential, and recommend a broader policymaking strategy that considers the benefits beyond food production.

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Climate policies also deliver cleaner air and enhanced energy security (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: Integrating climate change policies with pollution control and energy security measures can deliver improved air quality, better public health and diversified energy supplies, and at a lower total energy cost than many previous studies have indicated, according to recent research.

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New insights into uptake of household flood mitigation measures (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: Comprehensive flood risk management should include household measures, such as improving a home’s stability and relocating heating systems to safe places within the house. According to new research, better communication with householders by authorities on the effectiveness of such measures, and how to implement them, could increase their uptake.

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Developing sustainable lighting using eco-design tools (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: By using design tools to increase sustainability at every stage of production, researchers have developed a new eco-light. The light, which uses low wattage LEDs and recycled plastic, has a substantially lower environmental impact than the traditional equivalent LED lights.

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Endangered species response to the dual threat of climate change and invasive species (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: The joint threat posed by climate change and invasive alien species can have different effects on endangered native species, new research suggests. This European study predicts that the invasive zebra mussel may benefit from climate change, negatively affecting native mussel populations; but both invasive and native crayfish could suffer declines.

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Grass and trees in urban areas help reduce flood risk (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-28

Description: Trees form a valuable part of green infrastructure in cities by helping reduce surface water runoff, recent research finds. Together with grassy areas, significant reductions in surface water flows can be achieved by planting trees, reducing the risk of floods.

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Mapping livestock water requirements to inform EU water policy (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-28

Description: As part of the EU’s Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Waters1, a new study from the Joint Research Centre has mapped the water requirements of livestock across Europe for 2005. The maps and data can help quantify total European water use but also inform sustainable management by making use of ecosystem services (ESSs).

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59

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Comprehensive life cycle approach (LCA) tool applied to road construction (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: Researchers have used a new comprehensive life cycle approach to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road construction. When applied to four projects in Spain, the results suggest improvements could be made in the use and efficiency of off-road machinery, the choice of materials and restoration of ecosystems.

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60

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Mapping global sea level rise: new gravity data help provide more accurate predictions (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: Research from the US helps paint a clearer picture of the extent of global sea level rise, by considering new satellite data on the Earth’s gravity. Its findings support reports of accelerating ice melt and suggest that most of the change in sea levels is caused by receding polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers.

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61

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What is the best way to travel if you care about global warming? (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: Travelling by coach or train has a lower impact on the climate than travelling by air or car, but using a small diesel car to carry several passengers can have similarly low impacts per person, new research suggests. Air travel is the worst form of transport, in terms of global warming impact, the researchers found, but the average percentage occupancy of a mode of transport significantly affects the impact per passenger.

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Do agri-environmental schemes benefit insect pollinators? (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: Agri-environmental schemes (AES) do successfully enhance the number and variety of insect pollinators, research suggests. They are particularly effective when implemented in arable landscapes which also contain some semi-natural habitat.

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Land use affects potential health risks of cadmium and lead soil contaminants (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: Exposure to polluted soil can affect human health, but the risk may vary depending on the soil type. A recent study has shown that the differing amounts of cadmium and lead that can be dissolved in the human digestive system can be predicted for contaminated agricultural, urban and woody habitat soils using a model. Its authors suggest this is a useful method for assessing the risks of contaminated land.

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Effective tools to predict spread and improve monitoring of invasive alien species (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Effective surveillance and risk analysis are key to preventing the ecological damage caused by invasive alien species (IAS). Habitat suitability models provide highly effective tools for predicting the spread of IAS and guiding monitoring strategies, new research suggests.

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65

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Mapping fish invasions in European freshwaters (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Detailed analysis of the patterns of invasion of alien fish species in Austria and Germany has highlighted how drivers of invasion, such as the animal trade, can change over time. The researchers who conducted the analysis warn that climate change may be a key cause in changing invasion patterns in the future.

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Conservation managers and public unaware of invasive alien species’ true risks (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Neither the public nor conservation managers are fully aware of the different risks posed by invasive alien species (IAS), new research suggests. A study examining perceptions of five invasive species in the UK shows that both conservation managers and the public regard some highly damaging species as ‘low risk’, and that their awareness does not increase with the amount of scientific research on the topic.

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A new approach for evaluating alien species risk (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: A new framework has been developed by researchers to provide guidance in evaluating alien species risk. Using an analysis of more than 300 risk assessment (RA) models, the researchers highlight that many fail to cover all of the components of alien species invasion and offer guidance on which elements to include in future risk assessments.

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Research provides insight into the impacts of droughts in dry Alpine forests (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: The impacts of drought on European trees are of high concern, especially under a changing climate. New research has indicated that, if summers become continually drier, sensitive species, such as larch and spruce, will suffer reduced growth in some Alpine areas. This could potentially compromise ecosystem services provided by forests in these areas.

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Arctic shipping access likely to vary for much of the 21st century (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: A recent study has considered 21st century changes in shipping access through the Arctic Ocean along three potential new routes linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. As the sea ice melts, it is possible that high-strength vessels will be able to sail directly through the North Pole by the end of the century, its results indicate.

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70

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The potential to prevent 280,000 tonnes of food waste in Sweden (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: Over a third of all food waste in Sweden is avoidable, according to new research. If such waste minimisation were achieved, there would be less potential for biogas production, but the researchers suggest that this does not represent a compromise because it is currently performed on only a very small amount of waste food.

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Local people place different values on urban sustainability indicators (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: Progress towards achieving a sustainable urban environment may be measured by sustainability indicators (SIs), which can be chosen to represent values that are important to local communities. A recent study has assessed a set of SIs developed by both sustainability experts and local citizens and suggests that local communities can attach different values to SIs to reflect local values and understandings of sustainability.

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Political viewpoints may influence reasons for purchasing energy-efficient products (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: US researchers have found that promoting the environmental benefits of energy-efficient products may actually deter some people from buying them. Since environmental issues have become politically polarised, those who hold more conservative views are less likely to purchase products that are marketed using environmental benefits, they argue.

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Trees could be used to monitor air pollution simply and cheaply (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-20

Description: It may be possible to use trees to monitor levels of air pollution in cities, new research suggests. A Belgian study found evidence that leaves of urban trees change both chemically and physiologically when exposed to different levels of air pollution. If these changes are carefully quantified, trees could provide cheap and widespread ‘bio-indicators’, the study’s authors suggest.

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Following the flow of urban water from source to tap and back (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-28

Description: A new tool to increase the efficiency of water supply and distribution networks is presented by a new study. By using a framework which encompasses both water sources and demands, researchers have developed an integrated system that has showed promising results when applied to the complex urban water system of Athens.

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An economic case for restoring rivers and their ecosystem services (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-28

Description: Restoring the natural conditions of rivers and streams by intentionally adding forest deadwood boosts key ecosystem services, new research suggests. By calculating the value of these services, the researchers were able to show that increasing the amount of deadwood in rivers and streams in a Basque Country reservoir basin was economically profitable and that returns on investment could be realised within 20 years.

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A ‘nudge’ in the right direction: a tool for pro-environmental behaviour (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-28

Description: An overview of research into ‘nudge’ theory and practices has recently been presented. While there is much evidence to show how humans make decisions, translating these psychological and economic insights into viable policy instruments that encourage behavioural change remains challenging, the authors conclude.

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Future warming could cause trees to dominate peat bogs (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: Research suggests that climate change could alter the structure and function of temperate peat bogs and that these changes are primarily driven by rising temperatures, rather than periods of temporary drought. An average temperature rise above 1°C could permanently shift moss-covered peat bogs into bogs predominately covered with trees, affecting their ability to store carbon and the existing carbon stocks in them.

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78

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Ash dieback: an overview of this conservation challenge (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: The common ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior) is threatened by an invasive fungal disease, which is spreading throughout Europe. Scientists have recently reviewed and presented previous research into the disease which could help us understand how to prevent the spread of the fungus and develop forest conservation strategies.

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79

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Potential long-term health impacts for oil spill clean-up workers (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-10-04

Description: A new study of clean-up workers seven years after the 2002 Prestige oil tanker spillage has found potential evidence for long-term impacts on their hormonal and immune systems as a result of exposure to the oil. The results suggest new health surveillance measures may be appropriate for workers involved in future oil clean-up operations.

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80

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Low toxic heavy metal risk for the average Spanish consumer of seafood (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-06

Description: A new study assessing the levels, and potential health risk, of toxic heavy metals in market-bought fish and shellfish in Spain has found that they are generally below European Commission regulatory limits, and that these products are therefore safe to eat for the average consumer in Spain. However, for high level consumers of specific fish species, toxic element levels could pose a risk to health.

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Agriculture can be powered by renewable energy sources (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-06

Description: Some agricultural activities, such as irrigation, could be powered by renewable sources, a new study indicates. Farm machinery could also be renewably-powered, but the machinery would need to be adapted to use renewable electricity, instead of liquid fuel.

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Understanding environmental consequences of population growth and consumption (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-06

Description: Interactions between population growth, consumption and the use of natural products and services have created an unsustainable pressure on the environment. New research has provided a detailed investigation into the relationships between these three trends, providing insight into how to alleviate these pressures. It concludes they cannot be addressed by market mechanisms or technological advances alone.

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Air pollution slows growth of coral reefs in the Caribbean (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-13

Description: Periods of slow growth observed in coral reefs in the Caribbean are caused by aerosols in the air from pollution and volcanic activity, recent research suggests. Aerosols cause cooler sea surface temperatures and reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the coral, both of which slow coral growth.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Risks of invasion of alien marine species driven by global shipping (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: New research has identified global hot spots of invasion risk by marine species transported in the ballast water of shipping. Treating this water before discarding it could reduce the risk of invasions by as much as 82%, the researchers predict.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Does the public’s view of invasive alien species differ from the professionals’? (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Key differences between public and professional opinions on invasive alien species (IAS) are highlighted by a recent UK study. Its authors recommend clearer, open discussion of the harm caused by IAS and human responsibility for their spread.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Socio-economic factors affect risk of alien species invasion (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Omitting socio-economic factors from invasive alien species (IAS) risk assessments could result in serious underestimations of the area at risk, new research suggests. Including factors such as population density and proximity to ports in risk assessments was found in this UK study to increase the size of the area predicted as suitable for invasion by up to six times.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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What are the impacts of invasive alien species? (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: The impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) can take many different forms, from ecological to socio-economic. A new review investigates how to define and quantify ‘impact’ and discusses the most successful strategies to reduce invasion risk and prevent different impacts.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Human population density explains alien species richness in protected areas (2013)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2013-09-19

Description: Protected areas near densely populated towns and cities have higher numbers of alien species than those in more isolated locations, research suggests. In a South African study, researchers examined a number of different environmental characteristics of national parks, and found that surrounding human population density best explained the number of alien species in each park.

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Decommissioning is a significant part of nuclear power’s GHG impact (2014)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2014-12-12

Description: The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced during the decommissioning phase of nuclear power plants may have been underestimated in previous assessments, new research suggests. The study estimated that the decommissioning process for a German plant resulted in 1 651 265 tonnes of CO 2 (or equivalent) emissions, or 0.825 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per tonne of waste. While the researchers acknowledge that impact is highly dependent on the unique characteristics of each decommissioning project, these results raise questions as to whether this phase has been accurately assessed in earlier research.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Water demand for crops may rise in northern Germany under warmer climate (2014)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2014-11-07

Description: By 2070, there may be insufficient water for irrigation to ensure yields and profitability for some crops currently grown in northern Germany - if the IPCC´s worst case climate change scenario becomes a reality - new research warns. To reduce future demand for water under a changing climate, the study suggests that farmers grow different crops and change their management practices.

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Oyster imports bring alien ‘hitchhikers’ and disease (2014)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2014-11-07

Description: The future of oyster farming in Europe is threatened by disease. However, a recent study highlights the risk of importing oysters to improve or replace lost stock, as this could accidentally bring further disease and invasive species.

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

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Traffic noise pollution mapped with new mobile phone app (2014)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2014-11-07

Description: A new mobile phone application which can help monitor traffic-noise exposure is presented in a recent study. The app, ‘2Loud?’, can measure indoor night-time noise exposure and, given large-scale community participation, could provide valuable data to aid urban planning, the researchers say. In an Australian pilot study, nearly half of participants who used the app found that they were exposed to potentially unhealthy levels of night-time noise.

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The impacts of large-scale Concentrated Solar Power on the local environment (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-01-23

Description: Construction of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants – electricity generation which concentrates sunlight to generate heat – can have a range of negative effects on wildlife, but these effects are short lived, new research has found. Once in use, CSP plants can even have some positive effects, reducing soil erosion, for instance.

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Wind erosion risk mapped in first ever pan-European assessment (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-01-23

Description: Over 8% of land in Europe could be at moderate-to-high risk of wind-driven soil erosion, a new study has estimated. In the first assessment of its kind, the researchers produced maps which show wind erosion risk across 36 countries. This information could help guide actions to tackle land degradation.

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Citizen scientists help reveal effects of roads on frogs and toads (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-01-23

Description: Roads reduce the species diversity and distribution of frogs and toads, a new US study reports. The large-scale study used data from a national citizen science programme in which members of the public help monitor amphibian populations.

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Soil biodiversity reduces nitrogen pollution and improves crops’ nutrient uptake (2015)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-01-23

Description: Increased soil biodiversity can reduce nitrogen pollution, improve nutrient uptake by plants and even increase crop yields, new research suggests. The two-year study found that levels of nitrogen leaching from soil with an abundant soil life were nearly 25% lower than for soil with a reduced level of soil life. Practices which enhance soil biodiversity such as reduced tilling, crop rotation and organic farming may therefore help reduce the environmental impacts of fertilisers and improve agricultural sustainability, the researchers say.

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Creating a map of science: a visual representation of global research (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-03-24

Description: A map of science could assist research planning strategies by helping to identify emerging topics. The map — which is based on links to almost 20 million scientific articles that have been published over the past 16 years — clusters and links scientific disciplines by citation-based relationships and serves as a highly detailed and scalable infographic. The authors hope it will be used by research planners to help distinguish — and potentially forecast — the research areas in science which have longevity, and also those which are innovative.

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Changing research assessments could encourage knowledge dissemination (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-03-24

Description: Research assessments should focus more on engagement processes and less on impacts and outcomes, a new study suggests. The authors examined researchers’ intended impacts and motivational factors, and stated that a change in research evaluation methods, together with better direction from university managers, could help incentivise knowledge exchange and engagement between departments and non-academic entities.

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Creating ‘buzz’ for impact: Twitter and new-media science communication (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-03-24

Description: As the media environment changes, the way scientists communicate their work must also evolve. This study explored the effect of public communication on the scientific ‘impact’ of America’s most highly cited nanotechnology researchers. It provides the first evidence that outreach activities, such as speaking to journalists and being mentioned on Twitter, can increase a scientist’s impact.

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Eco-technologies: priorities for the future (2016)

European Commission DG Environment

In: Science for Environment Policy

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Publication Date: 2016-03-24

Description: Priorities for future environmental technology research and development were outlined by a study that surveyed experts in the field in 2010-11. The global environmental problems and potential solutions that new technologies could provide were identified and discussed in questionnaires and workshops. One of the main recommendations of the study was for a greater focus on flexible and cost-effective innovations that could alleviate potential environmental issues in countries with developing and emerging economies.

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