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  • Artikel  (5.160)
  • Quaternary Research  (895)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 1-2. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90008-6.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 103-120. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90013-x.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 121-132. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90014-1.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 29-58. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90010-4.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 3-28. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90009-8.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 59-71. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90011-6.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1970; 1(1): 72-102. Published 1970 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(70)90012-8.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 133-161. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90038-x.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 162-174. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90039-1.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 175-187. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90040-8.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 188-207. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90041-x.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 208-227. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90042-1.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 228-235. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90043-3.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 236-246. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90044-5.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 247-260. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90045-7.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(2): 261-282. Published 1971 Apr 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90046-9.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(3): 283-284. Published 1971 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90066-4.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(3): 285-315. Published 1971 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90067-6.  (1)
  • Quaternary Research. 1971; 1(3): 316-330. Published 1971 Sep 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(71)90068-8.  (1)
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  • Artikel  (5.160)
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    Tectonic, hydrogeologic, and climatic controls on Late Holocene dune formation, China Lake basin, Indian Wells Valley, California, USA (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-27
    Beschreibung: Analysis of patterns of faulting and hydrogeology, stratigraphic and sedimentologic studies, and luminescence dating of aeolian deposits in China Lake basin provide new perspectives on the origins and development of Late Holocene dunes and sand ramps in the seismically active Indian Wells Valley of eastern California. Aeolian dune and sand sheet deposits were sourced from alluvial material derived from granitic rocks of the south-eastern Sierra Nevada and are concentrated in areas with sand-stabilizing phreatophyte vegetation influenced by high groundwater levels along the active oblique-normal Little Lake and Paxton Ranch faults, which locally form barriers to groundwater flow. Three episodes of sand accumulation are recognized (2.1 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.1 ka, 1.8 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.2 ka, and 1.2 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.1 ka) during conditions in which sediment supplied to the basin during periods of enhanced rainfall and runoff was subsequently reworked by wind into dunes and sand ramps at the transition to more arid periods. Understanding the role tectonics plays in influencing the hydrogeology of seismically active lake basins provides insights to accurately interpret landscape evolution and any inferences made on past hydroclimate variability in a region.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Reconstruction of climate and ecology of Skagit Valley, Washington, from 27.7 to 19.8 ka based on plant and beetle macrofossils (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-27
    Beschreibung: Glacial lake sediments exposed at two sites in Skagit Valley, Washington, encase abundant macrofossils dating from 27.7 to 19.8 cal ka BP. At the last glacial maximum (LGM) most of the valley floor was part of a regionally extensive arid boreal (subalpine) forest that periodically included montane and temperate trees and open boreal species such as dwarf birch, northern spikemoss, and heath. We used the modern distribution and climate of 14 species in 12 macrofossil assemblages and a probability density function approach to reconstruct the LGM climate. Median annual precipitation (MAP) at glacial Lake Concrete (GLC) was ~50% lower than today. In comparison, MAP at glacial Lake Skymo (GLS) was only ~10% lower, which eliminated the steep climate gradient observed today. Median January air temperature at GLC was up to 10.8°C lower than today at 23.5 cal ka BP and 8.7°C lower at GLS at 25.1 cal ka BP. Median July air temperature declines were smaller at GLC (3.4°C–5.0°C) and GLS (4.2°C–6.3°C). Warmer winters (+2°C to +4°C) and increases in MAP (+200 mm) occurred at 27.7, 25.9, 24.4, and 21.2–20.7 cal ka BP. These changes accord with other regional proxies and Dansgaard–Oeschger interstades in the North Atlantic.
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Changes in the prairie–forest ecotone in northwest Ontario (Canada) across the Holocene (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-27
    Beschreibung: Pollen and diatom assemblages from well-dated sediment cores from three lakes forming a west-to-east transect across the boreal forest in northwest Ontario (Canada) were used to evaluate the timing and nature of the movement of the prairie–forest ecotone (PFE) across the Holocene. Changes in vegetation, temperature, and effective moisture were inferred from pollen and pollen-based transfer functions. Analyses indicated site-specific vegetational and climate changes across short spatial distances, with prolonged prairie-like conditions during the middle Holocene at the westernmost site. Increased reconstructed temperatures at this westernmost site occurred from ~9000 to 3000 cal yr BP, alongside increases in diatom-inferred lake levels beginning at ~6000 cal yr BP. The abundance of Quercus peaked concurrently with rising lake levels before declining to trace levels by ~3000 cal yr BP. Increases in the abundance of non-arboreal pollen between ~8500 and ~4500 cal yr BP at the more eastern lakes suggest relatively delayed and truncated PFE influence, before the reestablishment of primarily boreal taxa by ~4500 cal yr BP, coincident with diatom-inferred increases in lake levels. This study shows that the PFE moved both farther east and north than previously determined, but generally agrees with established patterns in vegetation from other studied regions along the PFE.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    Assessing the reliability of raptor pellets in recording local small mammal diversity (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-21
    Beschreibung: Understanding how raptors select prey is important to determine taphonomic biases both in modern and paleo pellet assemblages. We tested whether pellets more closely represent raptor dietary specialization or local small mammal diversity by sampling pellets from seven raptor species across four study sites in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. We identified small mammal craniodental elements from each pellet and tested for differences among small mammal assemblages for each raptor species and study site. We found that reconstructed avian predator diets clustered significantly by site but not by predator species. Bray-Curtis diet dissimilarities were also significantly lower when comparing different raptor species within a site than when comparing the same raptor species across different sites. Our results suggest that raptors choose to eat a diversity of small mammal species close to their roosts rather than fly long distances to specialize on a particular prey species. Neontologists and paleoecologists alike can therefore be confident that raptor pellets faithfully represent local small mammal diversity.
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    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    Holocene regional climate change and formation of southern Ontario's largest swamp inferred from a kettle-lake pollen record (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-13
    Beschreibung: Greenock Swamp wetland complex is one of few remaining natural wetlands in the Great Lakes region and, at 89 km2 in areal extent, is currently the largest hardwood swamp in southern Ontario, Canada. We present here pollen and sediment records from a kettle hole (Schmidt Lake) and adjacent Thuja occidentalis swamp to reconstruct regional paleoclimate and vegetation history, and to assess the timing and development of the swamp ecosystem and associated carbon stocks. Pollen-inferred paleoclimate reconstructions show the expected warming in the Early Holocene, and indicate the Mid-Holocene initiation of lake-effect snow. This enhanced snowfall may have maintained high water tables in the adjacent wetland since ca. 8300 years ago, promoting the establishment of a swamp dominated by Thuja occidentalis. Carbon accumulation rates in a 〉2-m-long peat core collected from a Thuja occidentalis stand adjacent to Schmidt Lake are 30–40 g C/m2/yr, which is higher than the average of northern high-latitude peatlands. Using topographic and hydrological parameters, we estimated that mean swamp peat thicknesses could exceed 2 m. Thus, this study encourages future investigations on temperate swamps from the perspective of hitherto underestimated Holocene carbon sinks and shows the importance of regional hydroclimate in supporting swamp ecosystems.
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    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    A Paleo-Lake and wetland paleoecology associated with human use of the distal Old River Bed Delta at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the Bonneville Basin, Utah, USA (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-10
    Beschreibung: Mollusk and ostracode assemblages from the distal Old River Bed delta (ORBD) contribute to our understanding of the Lake Bonneville basin Pleistocene-Holocene transition (PHT) wetland and human presence on the ORBD (ca. 13,000–7500 cal yr BP). Located on U.S. Air Force-managed lands of the Great Salt Lake Desert (GSLD) in western Utah, USA, the area provided 30 samples from 12 localities. The biological assemblages and the potential water sources using 87Sr/86Sr analyses showed wetland expansion and contraction across the PHT, including the Younger-Dryas Chronozone (YDC). The record reflects cold, freshwater conditions, which is uncharacteristic of the Great Salt Lake Desert, after recession of Lake Bonneville. Lymnaea stagnalis jugularis, Cytherissa lacustris, and possibly Candona sp. cf. C. adunca, an endemic and extinct species only reported from Lake Bonneville, suggest cold-water environments. Between 13,000–12,400 cal yr BP, a shallow lake formed, referred to as the Old River Bed delta lake, fed by Lake Gunnison, as shown by 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71024–0.71063 in mollusk fossils collected at the ORBD, characteristic of the Sevier basin. These findings add paleoenvironmental context to the long-term use of the ORBD by humans in constantly changing wetland habitats between 13,000–9500 cal yr BP.
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    The (mis)conception of average Quaternary conditions (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-18
    Beschreibung: The concept of Quaternary average conditions has gained popularity over the past few decades, especially with studies of long-term landscape evolution. In this paper, we critically assess this concept by analyzing the marine isotope record (LR04 δ18O stack) relative to the Quaternary. This shows that the frequency and amplitude of climate glacial-interglacial cycles are not constant throughout the Quaternary, with a clear change during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT), and that many minor oscillations exist within each cycle. For this reason, the identification of pre- and post-MPT most-frequent and, cumulatively, longest-lasting (rather than average) conditions is recommended. The most-frequent pre-MPT δ18O value of 3.725 ± 0.025‰ last occurred during 11.31–11.47 ka, while the most-frequent post-MPT δ18O value of 4.475 ± 0.025‰ last occurred during 14.81–15.04 ka. However, many other δ18O values were almost as frequent throughout the Quaternary and we present geomorphological reasons as to why it is unlikely that the present-day landscape reflects Quaternary average or, indeed, most-frequent conditions. Collectively, our results indicate that extreme caution should be taken when attempting to infer long-term landscape evolution processes (including the buzzsaw hypothesis) based on average Quaternary conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Holocene morpho-sedimentary evolution of Marambaia Barrier Island (SE Brazil) (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-16
    Beschreibung: Barrier islands are sedimentary bodies susceptible to changes in sediment supply, dominant physical processes, and sea level. The aim of this work was to study the sedimentary processes that established Marambaia Barrier Island (SE Brazil) as an elongated sandy body that created Sepetiba Bay. For this purpose, barrier and back-barrier bay environments were analyzed using high-resolution satellite imagery, geophysical and topographic surveys, surface sediment samples and short cores, and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques. Seven morpho-sedimentary domains were identified: coastal beach ridges, overland flow features, inter-ridge paleo lagoon, bayside beach ridges, marshlands, dune field and tidal wetlands. The results show that Marambaia Barrier Island evolved throughout the Holocene, first under normal regression conditions during sea-level rise, and then by forced regression as sea level lowered to its present position. Concurrent processes related to longshore drift, onshore transport, reworked barrier deposits, eolian transport, bay circulation, and pedogenesis influenced its morpho-sedimentary evolution. Morphological features such as truncated beach ridges, flying spits, and filled channels attest to the occurrence of alternating periods of erosion and accretion, evincing how the morphology of barrier island systems preserves an important archive of environmental changes.
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Holocene glacier history of northeastern Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America (55°S) (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-16
    Beschreibung: In the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America, we used 10Be and 14C dating, dendrochronology, and historical observations to reconstruct the glacial history of the Dalla Vedova valley from deglacial time to the present. After deglacial recession into northeastern Darwin and Dalla Vedova, by ~16 ka, evidence indicates a glacial advance at ~13 ka coeval with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The next robustly dated glacial expansion occurred at 870 ± 60 calendar yr ago (approximately AD 1150), followed by less-extensive dendrochronologically constrained advances from shortly before AD 1836 to the mid-twentieth century. Our record is consistent with most studies within the Cordillera Darwin that show that the Holocene glacial maximum occurred during the last millennium. This pattern contrasts with the extensive early- and mid-Holocene glacier expansions farther north in Patagonia; furthermore, an advance at 870 ± 60 yr ago may suggest out-of-phase glacial advances occurred within the Cordillera Darwin relative to Patagonia. We speculate that a southward shift of westerlies and associated climate regimes toward the southernmost tip of the continent, about 900–800 yr ago, provides a mechanism by which some glaciers advanced in the Cordillera Darwin during what is generally considered a warm and dry period to the north in Patagonia.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Digitale ISSN: 1096-0287
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    Mineral magnetic properties of loess–paleosol couplets of northern Serbia over the last 1.0 Ma (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-13
    Beschreibung: We conducted the first detailed mineral magnetic investigation of more than nine loess–paleosol couplets of the composite Titel-Stari Slankamen loess section in Serbia, which provides one of the longest and most complete terrestrial record of paleoclimatic changes in Europe since ~1.0 Ma. The results show that the ferrimagnetic mineral assemblage of the loess units is dominated by partially oxidized multidomain (MD) and pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite; however, with an increasing degree of pedogenesis, the eolian contribution is gradually masked by pedogenic superparamagnetic(SP) and single-domain (SD) ferrimagnets (mainly maghemite). The overall consistency of ferrimagnetic grain-size parameters indicates an absence of dissolution of the fine-grained ferrimagnetic fraction despite changes in climate regime over the past 1.0 Ma. The variations of normalized dJ/dT@120K and normalized χheating@530°C reflect a long-term stepwise increase in aridity during glacials with a major step at ~0.6–0.5 Ma, over the last 1.0 Ma. Overall, the results provide an improved basis for the future use of the magnetic properties of Serbian loess deposits for paleoclimatic reconstruction.
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    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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