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  • Articles  (5,238)
  • Male  (4,899)
  • Chemistry
  • Science  (229)
  • Science. 312(5774): 689-97; author reply 689-97.  (9)
  • Science. 257(5071): 738.  (2)
  • Science. 315(5818): 1493-4.  (2)
  • Science. 199(4324): 22-30.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 75-7.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 79-81.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 81-3.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 83-4.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 85-6.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 86-7.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4324): 90-1.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4326): 324-6.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4327): 431-2.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4327): 449-51.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4328): 539-41.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4328): 545-7.  (1)
  • Science. 199(4328): 560-3.  (1)
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  • Articles  (5,238)
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  • 101
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    Recovery and management options for spring/summer chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-04
    Description: Construction of four dams on the lower Snake River (in northwestern United States) between 1961 and 1975 altered salmon spawning habitat, elevated smolt and adult migration mortality, and contributed to severe declines of Snake River salmon populations. By applying a matrix model to long-term population data, we found that (i) dam passage improvements have dramatically mitigated direct mortality associated with dams; (ii) even if main stem survival were elevated to 100%, Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) would probably continue to decline toward extinction; and (iii) modest reductions in first-year mortality or estuarine mortality would reverse current population declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, P -- Marvier, M -- McClure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):977-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fresh Water ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    Insect population control using a dominant, repressible, lethal genetic system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: A major modification to the sterile insect technique is described, in which transgenic insects homozygous for a dominant, repressible, female-specific lethal gene system are used. We demonstrate two methods that give the required genetic characteristics in an otherwise wild-type genetic background. The first system uses a sex-specific promoter or enhancer to drive the expression of a repressible transcription factor, which in turn controls the expression of a toxic gene product. The second system uses non-sex-specific expression of the repressible transcription factor to regulate a selectively lethal gene product. Both methods work efficiently in Drosophila melanogaster, and we expect these principles to be widely applicable to more economically important organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, D D -- Donnelly, C A -- Wood, R J -- Alphey, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Egg Proteins/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Lethal ; Genes, ras ; Homozygote ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    South Africa's new enemy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Many South Africans long dreamed of the day when the oppressive apartheid system would end. That day has come, but now the country faces a new disaster: one of the world's worst HIV epidemics--and most confusing government responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Government ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Public Policy ; *Research ; South Africa/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Evolution. Parasites make scaredy-rats foolhardy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):525-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Personality ; Rats ; Toxoplasma/*physiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology/*psychology ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/parasitology/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, A W 3rd -- Cohen, J D -- Stenger, V A -- Carter, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reading
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    Epidemiology. Tracking the human fallout from 'mad cow disease' (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-19
    Description: A task force here has been studying cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), an incurable malady of the brain and nervous system that has been linked to eating beef or other products from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or "mad cow disease." The team's goal is to find out just how the patients got infected and how many of them there may ultimately be. The number of confirmed or probable vCJD cases in the United Kingdom is still relatively small--a total of 80 as Science went to press--and recent estimates of the number of potential cases are lower than was once feared. Yet the task force's own recent results show that the incidence of vCJD is rising, and researchers remain determined to try to solve the riddles posed by vCJD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cattle ; Cluster Analysis ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; *Food ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meat ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Molecular biology. Mothers setting boundaries (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Certain genes are only expressed at one allele, a phenomenon called imprinting. Although it is well established that one allele of certain imprinted genes is silenced through methylation, this does not appear to be the case for all imprinted genes. In a thoughtful Perspective, Thorvaldsen and Bartolomei discuss new findings showing that insertion of insulator elements (boundary regions) between the promoter of a gene and its enhancer (a sequence that boosts gene expression) may be another way in which genes are silenced during imprinting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorvaldsen, J L -- Bartolomei, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2145-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thorvald@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fathers ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Mothers ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Ovum/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; *RNA, Untranslated ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Repressor Proteins ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 108
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    Genetic suppression of polyglutamine toxicity in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: A Drosophila model for Huntington's and other polyglutamine diseases was used to screen for genetic factors modifying the degeneration caused by expression of polyglutamine in the eye. Among 7000 P-element insertions, several suppressor strains were isolated, two of which led to the discovery of the suppressor genes described here. The predicted product of one, dHDJ1, is homologous to human heat shock protein 40/HDJ1. That of the second, dTPR2, is homologous to the human tetratricopeptide repeat protein 2. Each of these molecules contains a chaperone-related J domain. Their suppression of polyglutamine toxicity was verified in transgenic flies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazemi-Esfarjani, P -- Benzer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1837-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. parsa@its.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Eye/metabolism ; Eye Abnormalities ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Suppressor ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retina/metabolism ; Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 109
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    Mate selection and the evolution of highly polymorphic self/nonself recognition genes (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: Multicellular organisms use the products of highly polymorphic genes to distinguish self from conspecific nonself cells or tissues. These allorecognition polymorphisms may regulate somatic interactions between hosts and pathogens or between competitors (to avoid various forms of parasitism), as well as reproductive interactions between mates or between gametes (to avoid inbreeding). In both cases, rare alleles may be advantageous, but it remains unclear which mechanism maintains the genetic polymorphism for specificity in self/nonself recognition. Contrary to earlier reports, we show that mate selection cannot be a strong force maintaining allorecognition polymorphism in two colonial marine invertebrates. Instead, the regulation of intraspecific competitive interactions appears to promote the evolution of polymorphisms in these species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosberg, R K -- Hart, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2111-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, One Shields Drive, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. rkgrosberg@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11000110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cnidaria/*genetics/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Genes ; Genotype ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Urochordata/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
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    Paleoanthropology. A glimpse of humans' first journey out of Africa (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 12;288(5468):948-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Georgia (Republic) ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Male ; Paleodontology ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    Promiscuity and the primate immune system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-10
    Description: The behavioral and ecological factors involved in immune system evolution remain poorly explored. We present a phylogenetic analysis of white blood cell counts in primates to test three hypotheses related to disease risk: increases in risk are expected with group size or population density, exposure to soil-borne pathogens, and mating promiscuity. White blood cell counts were significantly greater in species where females have more mating partners, indicating that the risk of sexually transmitted disease is likely to be a major factor leading to systematic differences in the primate immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nunn, C L -- Gittleman, J L -- Antonovics, J -- GM60766-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA. charlie.nunn@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Female ; Haplorhini/blood/*immunology ; Immune System/*physiology ; *Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Population Density ; Primate Diseases/epidemiology/immunology ; Risk Factors ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Allosteric effects of Pit-1 DNA sites on long-term repression in cell type specification (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-10
    Description: Reciprocal gene activation and restriction during cell type differentiation from a common lineage is a hallmark of mammalian organogenesis. A key question, then, is whether a critical transcriptional activator of cell type-specific gene targets can also restrict expression of the same genes in other cell types. Here, we show that whereas the pituitary-specific POU domain factor Pit-1 activates growth hormone gene expression in one cell type, the somatotrope, it restricts its expression from a second cell type, the lactotrope. This distinction depends on a two-base pair spacing in accommodation of the bipartite POU domains on a conserved growth hormone promoter site. The allosteric effect on Pit-1, in combination with other DNA binding factors, results in the recruitment of a corepressor complex, including nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR, which, unexpectedly, is required for active long-term repression of the growth hormone gene in lactotropes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scully, K M -- Jacobson, E M -- Jepsen, K -- Lunyak, V -- Viadiu, H -- Carriere, C -- Rose, D W -- Hooshmand, F -- Aggarwal, A K -- Rosenfeld, M G -- R01 DK18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK54802/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM49327/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1127-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallization ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1 ; Pituitary Gland/cytology/*metabolism ; Prolactin/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 113
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    Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: Songbirds learn a correspondence between vocal-motor output and auditory feedback during development. For neurons in a motor cortex analog of adult zebra finches, we show that the timing and structure of activity elicited by the playback of song during sleep matches activity during daytime singing. The motor activity leads syllables, and the matching sensory response depends on a sequence of typically up to three of the preceding syllables. Thus, sensorimotor correspondence is reflected in temporally precise activity patterns of single neurons that use long sensory memories to predict syllable sequences. Additionally, "spontaneous" activity of these neurons during sleep matches their sensorimotor activity, a form of song "replay." These data suggest a model whereby sensorimotor correspondences are stored during singing but do not modify behavior, and off-line comparison (e.g., during sleep) of rehearsed motor output and predicted sensory feedback is used to adaptively shape motor output.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dave, A S -- Margoliash, D -- MH11615/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH59831/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH60276/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):812-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 East 57 Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Feedback ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Prosencephalon/*physiology ; Sleep/physiology ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 114
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    Requirement for DARPP-32 in progesterone-facilitated sexual receptivity in female rats and mice (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein (32 kilodaltons in size), is an obligate intermediate in progesterone (P)-facilitated sexual receptivity in female rats and mice. The facilitative effect of P on sexual receptivity in female rats was blocked by antisense oligonucleotides to DARPP-32. Homozygous mice carrying a null mutation for the DARPP-32 gene exhibited minimal levels of P-facilitated sexual receptivity when compared to their wild-type littermates. P significantly increased hypothalamic cAMP levels and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. These increases were not inhibited by a D1 subclass dopamine receptor antagonist. P also enhanced phosphorylation of DARPP-32 on threonine 34 in the hypothalamus of mice. DARPP-32 activation is thus an obligatory step in progestin receptor regulation of sexual receptivity in rats and mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, S K -- Fienberg, A A -- O'Callaghan, J P -- Snyder, G L -- Allen, P B -- Dash, P K -- Moore, A N -- Mitchell, A J -- Bibb, J -- Greengard, P -- O'Malley, B W -- MH49662/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH57442/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 35457/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1053-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. smani@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; Female ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Posture ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Signal Transduction
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    Anthropology. Age, sex, and old goats (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marean, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2174-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. curtis.marean@sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10744540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Archaeology ; Female ; *Goats/anatomy & histology/physiology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Iran ; Iraq ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sheep/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Tale of two kings (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sumen, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism ; Poisoning/history/prevention & control ; Sculpture/*history ; Turkey
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    DNA forensics. Laying ghosts to rest in Bosnia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ladika, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1422-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; *DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Family ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Warfare
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    Public health. Reducing HIV transmission in developing countries (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jha, P -- Nagelkerke, J D -- Ngugi, E N -- Prasada Rao, J V -- Willbond, B -- Moses, S -- Plummer, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):224-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Economics Advisory Service, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Condoms ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Counseling ; *Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; Financial Support ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Health Education ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy/prevention & control ; United Nations/economics
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    Auditory spatial receptive fields created by multiplication (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-17
    Description: Examples of multiplication by neurons or neural circuits are scarce, although many computational models use this basic operation. The owl's auditory system computes interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences to create a two-dimensional map of auditory space. Space-specific neurons are selective for combinations of ITD and ILD, which define, respectively, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of their receptive fields. A multiplication of separate postsynaptic potentials tuned to ITD and ILD, rather than an addition, can account for the subthreshold responses of these neurons to ITD-ILD pairs. Other nonlinear processes improve the spatial tuning of the spike output and reduce the fit to the multiplicative model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pena, J L -- Konishi, M -- DC00134/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):249-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. jose@etho.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Female ; Inferior Colliculi/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sound Localization/*physiology ; Strigiformes/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV transgene showed a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking Apoav had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the APOAV locus were found to be significantly associated with plasma triglyceride levels in two independent studies. These findings indicate that APOAV is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennacchio, L A -- Olivier, M -- Hubacek, J A -- Cohen, J C -- Cox, D R -- Fruchart, J C -- Krauss, R M -- Rubin, E M -- HL-18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-53917/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL66681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):169-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Apolipoproteins A ; Apolipoproteins C/blood ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cohort Studies ; Computational Biology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multigene Family ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/*blood
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    Requirement for the SLP-76 adaptor GADS in T cell development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: GADS is an adaptor protein implicated in CD3 signaling because of its ability to link SLP-76 to LAT. A GADS-deficient mouse was generated by gene targeting, and the function of GADS in T cell development and activation was examined. GADS- CD4-CD8- thymocytes exhibited a severe block in proliferation but still differentiated into mature T cells. GADS- thymocytes failed to respond to CD3 cross-linking in vivo and were impaired in positive and negative selection. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the association between SLP-76 and LAT was uncoupled in GADS- thymocytes. These observations indicate that GADS is a critical adaptor for CD3 signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoder, J -- Pham, C -- Iizuka, Y M -- Kanagawa, O -- Liu, S K -- McGlade, J -- Cheng, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1987-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Size ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology ; src Homology Domains
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    Nutrition. The epidemic that wasn't? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cause of Death ; Coronary Artery Disease/classification/*epidemiology/mortality ; Coronary Disease/classification/*epidemiology/mortality ; Death Certificates ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; United States/epidemiology
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    An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: The long-standing rationalist tradition in moral psychology emphasizes the role of reason in moral judgment. A more recent trend places increased emphasis on emotion. Although both reason and emotion are likely to play important roles in moral judgment, relatively little is known about their neural correlates, the nature of their interaction, and the factors that modulate their respective behavioral influences in the context of moral judgment. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using moral dilemmas as probes, we apply the methods of cognitive neuroscience to the study of moral judgment. We argue that moral dilemmas vary systematically in the extent to which they engage emotional processing and that these variations in emotional engagement influence moral judgment. These results may shed light on some puzzling patterns in moral judgment observed by contemporary philosophers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, J D -- Sommerville, R B -- Nystrom, L E -- Darley, J M -- Cohen, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2105-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Department of Philosophy, 1879 Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. jdgreene@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; *Judgment ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Morals ; Reaction Time
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    Nutrition. What if Americans ate less saturated fat? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; *Life Expectancy ; Male ; United States
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    Formation of neurofibrillary tangles in P301l tau transgenic mice induced by Abeta 42 fibrils (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the defining neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, but their pathophysiological relation is unclear. Injection of beta-amyloid Abeta42 fibrils into the brains of P301L mutant tau transgenic mice caused fivefold increases in the numbers of NFTs in cell bodies within the amygdala from where neurons project to the injection sites. Gallyas silver impregnation identified NFTs that contained tau phosphorylated at serine 212/threonine 214 and serine 422. NFTs were composed of twisted filaments and occurred in 6-month-old mice as early as 18 days after Abeta42 injections. Our data support the hypothesis that Abeta42 fibrils can accelerate NFT formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gotz, J -- Chen, F -- van Dorpe, J -- Nitsch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1491-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, August Forel Strasse 1, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. goetz@bli.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amygdala/*pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*pathology ; Epitopes ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mutation ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/*metabolism/pathology ; Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plaque, Amyloid/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms ; Sex Characteristics ; tau Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
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    Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkbeta (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: We show that high doses of salicylates reverse hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia in obese rodents by sensitizing insulin signaling. Activation or overexpression of the IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) attenuated insulin signaling in cultured cells, whereas IKKbeta inhibition reversed insulin resistance. Thus, IKKbeta, rather than the cyclooxygenases, appears to be the relevant molecular target. Heterozygous deletion (Ikkbeta+/-) protected against the development of insulin resistance during high-fat feeding and in obese Lep(ob/ob) mice. These findings implicate an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify the IKKbeta pathway as a target for insulin sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, M -- Konstantopoulos, N -- Lee, J -- Hansen, L -- Li, Z W -- Karin, M -- Shoelson, S E -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK45493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK51729/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1673-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Aspirin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Insulin Resistance ; Lipids/blood ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Muscles/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Phosphorylation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Salicylate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    RNA rules--at least sometimes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Male ; Plants/genetics ; RNA/*metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
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    Human evolution. Zoo's new primate exhibit to double as research lab (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; *Animals, Zoo ; Cognition ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; Male ; *Primates ; *Research
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    A role for thrombin receptor signaling in endothelial cells during embryonic development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: The coagulation protease thrombin triggers fibrin formation, platelet activation, and other cellular responses at sites of tissue injury. We report a role for PAR1, a protease-activated G protein-coupled receptor for thrombin, in embryonic development. Approximately half of Par1-/- mouse embryos died at midgestation with bleeding from multiple sites. PAR1 is expressed in endothelial cells, and a PAR1 transgene driven by an endothelial-specific promoter prevented death of Par1-/- embryos. Our results suggest that the coagulation cascade and PAR1 modulate endothelial cell function in developing blood vessels and that thrombin's actions on endothelial cells-rather than on platelets, mesenchymal cells, or fibrinogen-contribute to vascular development and hemostasis in the mouse embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffin, C T -- Srinivasan, Y -- Zheng, Y W -- Huang, W -- Coughlin, S R -- HL44907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL65590/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1666-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors/physiology ; Blood Vessels/*embryology/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endocardium/embryology/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Factor V/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fibrinogen/genetics/physiology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Hemorrhage/embryology ; Hemostasis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phenotype ; Prothrombin/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; Receptors, Thrombin/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Thrombin/physiology ; Thromboplastin/genetics/physiology
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    Priorities in HIV prevention (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behrman, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):45-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11192004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Health Priorities ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
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    Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: The mechanisms controlling neural stem cell proliferation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the PTEN tumor suppressor plays an important role in regulating neural stem/progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. Mice lacking PTEN exhibited enlarged, histoarchitecturally abnormal brains, which resulted from increased cell proliferation, decreased cell death, and enlarged cell size. Neurosphere cultures revealed a greater proliferation capacity for tripotent Pten-/- central nervous system stem/progenitor cells, which can be attributed, at least in part, to a shortened cell cycle. However, cell fate commitments of the progenitors were largely undisturbed. Our results suggest that PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groszer, M -- Erickson, R -- Scripture-Adams, D D -- Lesche, R -- Trumpp, A -- Zack, J A -- Kornblum, H I -- Liu, X -- Wu, H -- MH062800-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS38489/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2186-9. Epub 2001 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Brain/abnormalities/*cytology/embryology ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Size ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluoresceins/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nestin ; Neurons/*cytology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Succinimides/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
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    Cell biology. NO helps make fireflies flash (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2413-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11431541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beetles/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Female ; *Luminescence ; Male ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oxygen/metabolism
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    Animal behavior. New data reveal the sisterhood of lions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Tanzania
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    Liver organogenesis promoted by endothelial cells prior to vascular function (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: The embryonic role of endothelial cells and nascent vessels in promoting organogenesis, prior to vascular function, is unclear. We find that early endothelial cells in mouse embryos surround newly specified hepatic endoderm and delimit the mesenchymal domain into which the liver bud grows. In flk-1 mutant embryos, which lack endothelial cells, hepatic specification occurs, but liver morphogenesis fails prior to mesenchyme invasion. We developed an embryo tissue explant system that permits liver bud vasculogenesis and show that in the absence of endothelial cells, or when the latter are inhibited, there is a selective defect in hepatic outgrowth. We conclude that vasculogenic endothelial cells and nascent vessels are critical for the earliest stages of organogenesis, prior to blood vessel function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, K -- Yoshitomi, H -- Rossant, J -- Zaret, K S -- CA06297/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM36477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):559-63. Epub 2001 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Culture Techniques ; *Embryonic Induction ; Endoderm/*physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/embryology/*physiology ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Hepatocytes/physiology ; Liver/blood supply/cytology/drug effects/*embryology ; Male ; Mesoderm/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; *Mitogens ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
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    Climate change. Early birds may miss the worms (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Climate ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *Food ; France ; Male ; Nesting Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/*physiology
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    Dominant-negative mutants of a toxin subunit: an approach to therapy of anthrax (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: The protective antigen moiety of anthrax toxin translocates the toxin's enzymic moieties to the cytosol of mammalian cells by a mechanism that depends on its ability to heptamerize and insert into membranes. We identified dominant-negative mutants of protective antigen that co-assemble with the wild-type protein and block its ability to translocate the enzymic moieties across membranes. These mutants strongly inhibited toxin action in cell culture and in an animal intoxication model, suggesting that they could be useful in therapy of anthrax.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sellman, B R -- Mourez, M -- Collier, R J -- 5T32AI07410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37-AI22021/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):695-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/*drug therapy ; *Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Toxins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism/toxicity ; CHO Cells ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Endocytosis ; Genes, Dominant ; Male ; *Mutation ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
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    Recolonizing carnivores and naive prey: conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: The current extinction of many of Earth's large terrestrial carnivores has left some extant prey species lacking knowledge about contemporary predators, a situation roughly parallel to that 10,000 to 50,000 years ago, when naive animals first encountered colonizing human hunters. Along present-day carnivore recolonization fronts, brown (also called grizzly) bears killed predator-naive adult moose at disproportionately high rates in Scandinavia, and moose mothers who lost juveniles to recolonizing wolves in North America's Yellowstone region developed hypersensitivity to wolf howls. Although prey that had been unfamiliar with dangerous predators for as few as 50 to 130 years were highly vulnerable to initial encounters, behavioral adjustments to reduce predation transpired within a single generation. The fact that at least one prey species quickly learns to be wary of restored carnivores should negate fears about localized prey extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, J -- Swenson, J E -- Persson, I L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA. berger@unr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Arousal ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Carnivora ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cues ; *Deer ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Odors ; *Predatory Behavior ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ; Ursidae ; Vocalization, Animal ; Wolves ; Wyoming
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    Obesity research. Pot-bellied mice point to obesity enzyme (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2071-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 ; Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue/*enzymology/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Composition ; Diabetes Mellitus/enzymology/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood/*metabolism ; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Obesity/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Skin
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    BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: B cell homeostasis has been shown to critically depend on BAFF, the B cell activation factor from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. Although BAFF is already known to bind two receptors, BCMA and TACI, we have identified a third receptor for BAFF that we have termed BAFF-R. BAFF-R binding appears to be highly specific for BAFF, suggesting a unique role for this ligand-receptor interaction. Consistent with this, the BAFF-R locus is disrupted in A/WySnJ mice, which display a B cell phenotype qualitatively similar to that of the BAFF-deficient mice. Thus, BAFF-R appears to be the principal receptor for BAFF-mediated mature B cell survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, J S -- Bixler, S A -- Qian, F -- Vora, K -- Scott, M L -- Cachero, T G -- Hession, C -- Schneider, P -- Sizing, I D -- Mullen, C -- Strauch, K -- Zafari, M -- Benjamin, C D -- Tschopp, J -- Browning, J L -- Ambrose, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2108-11. Epub 2001 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogen, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA., The Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: The power of placebos has long been recognized for improving numerous medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known, however, about the mechanism underlying the placebo effect. Using the ability of endogenous dopamine to compete for [11C]raclopride binding as measured by positron emission tomography, we provide in vivo evidence for substantial release of endogenous dopamine in the striatum of PD patients in response to placebo. Our findings indicate that the placebo effect in PD is powerful and is mediated through activation of the damaged nigrostriatal dopamine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de la Fuente-Fernandez, R -- Ruth, T J -- Sossi, V -- Schulzer, M -- Calne, D B -- Stoessl, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Apomorphine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/administration & dosage ; Raclopride/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Ecology. Birds weigh risk before protecting their young (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):414-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; Arizona ; *Birds/physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Paternal Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Risk ; Songbirds/physiology
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    Tracking the sexes by their genes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1733-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Culture ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Sex Characteristics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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    Paleoanthropology. Skull study targets Africa-only origins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; Czech Republic ; Europe ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Israel ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: The frequencies of low-activity alleles of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in humans are highly correlated with the prevalence of malaria. These "deficiency" alleles are thought to provide reduced risk from infection by the Plasmodium parasite and are maintained at high frequency despite the hemopathologies that they cause. Haplotype analysis of "A-" and "Med" mutations at this locus indicates that they have evolved independently and have increased in frequency at a rate that is too rapid to be explained by random genetic drift. Statistical modeling indicates that the A- allele arose within the past 3840 to 11,760 years and the Med allele arose within the past 1600 to 6640 years. These results support the hypothesis that malaria has had a major impact on humans only since the introduction of agriculture within the past 10,000 years and provide a striking example of the signature of selection on the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tishkoff, S A -- Varkonyi, R -- Cahinhinan, N -- Abbes, S -- Argyropoulos, G -- Destro-Bisol, G -- Drousiotou, A -- Dangerfield, B -- Lefranc, G -- Loiselet, J -- Piro, A -- Stoneking, M -- Tagarelli, A -- Tagarelli, G -- Touma, E H -- Williams, S M -- Clark, A G -- G12-RR03032/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HL03321/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T37-TW00043/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):455-62. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Biology/Psychology Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. st130@umail.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa/epidemiology ; Agriculture ; Alleles ; Animals ; Endemic Diseases ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/epidemiology/*genetics ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; *Linkage Disequilibrium ; Malaria/enzymology/epidemiology/*genetics ; Malaria, Falciparum/enzymology/epidemiology/genetics ; Male ; Mediterranean Region/epidemiology ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Selection, Genetic ; Time
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    A transgenic model for listeriosis: role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for severe food-borne infections, but the mechanisms by which bacteria cross the intestinal barrier are unknown. Listeria monocytogenes expresses a surface protein, internalin, that interacts with a host receptor, E-cadherin, to promote entry into human epithelial cells. Murine E-cadherin, in contrast to guinea pig E-cadherin, does not interact with internalin, excluding the mouse as a model for addressing internalin function in vivo. In guinea pigs and transgenic mice expressing human E-cadherin, internalin was found to mediate invasion of enterocytes and crossing of the intestinal barrier. These results illustrate how relevant animal models for human infections can be generated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lecuit, M -- Vandormael-Pournin, S -- Lefort, J -- Huerre, M -- Gounon, P -- Dupuy, C -- Babinet, C -- Cossart, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite des Interactions Bacteries-Cellules, Station Centrale de Microscopie Electronique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Bacterial Translocation ; Cadherins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Enterocytes/metabolism/*microbiology ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/pathology ; Intestine, Small/microbiology/pathology ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*microbiology/pathology ; Liver/microbiology/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Spleen/microbiology/pathology ; Transgenes ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Virulence
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    Triallelic inheritance in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a Mendelian recessive disorder (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple clinical features that include pigmentary retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, developmental delay, and renal defects. BBS is considered an autosomal recessive disorder, and recent positional cloning efforts have identified two BBS genes (BBS2 and BBS6). We screened our cohort of 163 BBS families for mutations in both BBS2 and BBS6 and report the presence of three mutant alleles in affected individuals in four pedigrees. In addition, we detected unaffected individuals in two pedigrees who carry two BBS2 mutations but not a BBS6 mutation. We therefore propose that BBS may not be a single-gene recessive disease but a complex trait requiring three mutant alleles to manifest the phenotype. This triallelic model of disease transmission may be important in the study of both Mendelian and multifactorial disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katsanis, N -- Ansley, S J -- Badano, J L -- Eichers, E R -- Lewis, R A -- Hoskins, B E -- Scambler, P J -- Davidson, W S -- Beales, P L -- Lupski, J R -- EY12666/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2256-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, The Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Pedigree
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    Control of stem cell self-renewal in Drosophila spermatogenesis by JAK-STAT signaling (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: Stem cells, which regenerate tissue by producing differentiating cells, also produce cells that renew the stem cell population. Signals from regulatory microenvironments (niches) are thought to cause stem cells to retain self-renewing potential. However, the molecular characterization of niches remains an important goal. In Drosophila testes, germ line and somatic stem cells attach to a cluster of support cells called the hub. The hub specifically expresses Unpaired, a ligand activating the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling cascade. Without JAK-STAT signaling, germ line stem cells differentiate but do not self-renew. Conversely, ectopic JAK-STAT signaling greatly expands both stem cell populations. We conclude that the support cells of the hub signal to adjacent stem cells by activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby defining a niche for stem cell self-renewal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tulina, N -- Matunis, E -- R01 HD040307/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD40307/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 115 West University Parkway, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Survival ; Contractile Proteins/analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Janus Kinases ; Ligands ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; STAT Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors
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    Archaeology. New trips through the back alleys of agriculture (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/genetics ; Cattle/genetics ; *Crops, Agricultural ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; *Fossils ; Goats ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Zea mays
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    Transcription factor IID--not so basal after all (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verrijzer, C P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2010-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, MGC, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands. verrijzer@lumc.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oogenesis ; Organ Specificity ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Spermatogenesis ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Domestication entails control of wild species and is generally regarded as a complex process confined to a restricted area and culture. Previous DNA sequence analyses of several domestic species have suggested only a limited number of origination events. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 191 domestic horses and found a high diversity of matrilines. Sequence analysis of equids from archaeological sites and late Pleistocene deposits showed that this diversity was not due to an accelerated mutation rate or an ancient domestication event. Consequently, high mtDNA sequence diversity of horses implies an unprecedented and widespread integration of matrilines and an extensive utilization and taming of wild horses. However, genetic variation at nuclear markers is partitioned among horse breeds and may reflect sex-biased dispersal and breeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vila, C -- Leonard, J A -- Gotherstrom, A -- Marklund, S -- Sandberg, K -- Liden, K -- Wayne, R K -- Ellegren, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):474-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. carles.vila@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Horses/*genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree
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    Endangered species. Cloned gaur a short-lived success (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Cloning, Organism ; Clostridium Infections/*veterinary ; *Clostridium perfringens ; Diarrhea/microbiology/*veterinary ; Female ; Male ; *Ruminants
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    Evolution. Nota bene. Wolbachia and wasp evolution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility ; Male ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity ; *Symbiosis ; Wasps/*microbiology/*physiology ; Wolbachia/*physiology
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  • 153
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    Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: Cloning of mammals by nuclear transfer (NT) results in gestational or neonatal failure with at most a few percent of manipulated embryos resulting in live births. Many of those that survive to term succumb to a variety of abnormalities that are likely due to inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming. Cloned embryos derived from donors, such as embryonic stem cells, that may require little or no reprogramming of early developmental genes develop substantially better beyond implantation than NT clones derived from somatic cells. Although recent experiments have demonstrated normal reprogramming of telomere length and X chromosome inactivation, epigenetic information established during gametogenesis, such as gametic imprints, cannot be restored after nuclear transfer. Survival of cloned animals to birth and beyond, despite substantial transcriptional dysregulation, is consistent with mammalian development being rather tolerant to epigenetic abnormalities, with lethality resulting only beyond a threshold of faulty gene reprogramming encompassing multiple loci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rideout , W M 3rd -- Eggan, K -- Jaenisch, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1093-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics/metabolism ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Methylation ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/*physiology ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gametogenesis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genomic Imprinting ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Telomere/physiology/ultrastructure
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    General contentment masks gender gap in first AAAS salary and job survey (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):396-411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; *Biological Science Disciplines ; Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Employment ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; *Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Research ; *Research Personnel/economics ; *Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; *Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; United States ; Universities ; Women, Working
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    Neuroanatomy of magnetoreception: the superior colliculus involved in magnetic orientation in a mammal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: The neural substrate subserving magnetic orientation is largely unknown in vertebrates and unstudied in mammals. We combined a behavioral test for magnetic compass orientation in mole rats and immunocytochemical visualization of the transcription factor c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activity. We found that the superior colliculus of the Zambian mole rat (Cryptomys anselli) contains neurons that are responsive to magnetic stimuli. These neurons are directionally selective and organized within a discrete sublayer. Our results constitute evidence for the involvement of a specific mammalian brain structure in magnetoreception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemec, P -- Altmann, J -- Marhold, S -- Burda, H -- Oelschlager, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):366-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Charles University, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic. pgnemec@natur.cuni.cz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain Mapping ; Efferent Pathways ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Magnetics ; Male ; Mole Rats/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Nesting Behavior ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 156
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    Chromatin docking and exchange activity enhancement of RCC1 by histones H2A and H2B (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-26
    Description: The Ran guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) controls nucleocytoplasmic transport, mitotic spindle formation, and nuclear envelope assembly. These functions rely on the association of the Ran-specific exchange factor, RCC1 (regulator of chromosome condensation 1), with chromatin. We find that RCC1 binds directly to mononucleosomes and to histones H2A and H2B. RCC1 utilizes these histones to bind Xenopus sperm chromatin, and the binding of RCC1 to nucleosomes or histones stimulates the catalytic activity of RCC1. We propose that the docking of RCC1 to H2A/H2B establishes the polarity of the Ran-GTP gradient that drives nuclear envelope assembly, nuclear transport, and other nuclear events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemergut, M E -- Mizzen, C A -- Stukenberg, T -- Allis, C D -- Macara, I G -- GM-50526/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. men5w@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Catalysis ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chickens ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spermatozoa ; Xenopus Proteins ; Xenopus laevis ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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    Differentiation of embryonic stem cell lines generated from adult somatic cells by nuclear transfer (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are fully pluripotent in that they can differentiate into all cell types, including gametes. We have derived 35 ES cell lines via nuclear transfer (ntES cell lines) from adult mouse somatic cells of inbred, hybrid, and mutant strains. ntES cells contributed to an extensive variety of cell types, including dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in vitro and germ cells in vivo. Cloning by transfer of ntES cell nuclei could result in normal development of fertile adults. These studies demonstrate the full pluripotency of ntES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakayama, T -- Tabar, V -- Rodriguez, I -- Perry, A C -- Studer, L -- Mombaerts, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. teru@advancedcell.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Chimera ; Cloning, Organism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Nude ; Neurons/*cytology ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 158
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    Imprinting and the epigenetic asymmetry between parental genomes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: Genomic imprinting confers a developmental asymmetry on the parental genomes, through epigenetic modifications in the germ line and embryo. These heritable modifications regulate the monoallelic activity of parental alleles resulting in their functional differences during development. Specific cis-acting regulatory elements associated with imprinted genes carry modifications involving chromatin structural changes and DNA methylation. Some of these modifications are initiated in the germ line. Comparative genomic analysis at imprinted domains is emerging as a powerful tool for the identification of conserved elements amenable to more detailed functional analysis, and for providing insight into the emergence of imprinting during the evolution of mammalian species. Genomic imprinting therefore provides a model system for the analysis of the epigenetic control of genome function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferguson-Smith, A C -- Surani, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1086-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK. afsmith@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gametogenesis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Oocytes/metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Zygote/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A role for the RNase III enzyme DCR-1 in RNA interference and germ line development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-04
    Description: An early event in RNA interference (RNAi) is the cleavage of the initiating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to short pieces, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. Here we describe a null mutation in dicer-1 (dcr-1), a gene proposed to encode the enzyme that generates these short RNAs. We find that dcr-1(-/-) animals have defects in RNAi under some, but not all, conditions. Mutant animals have germ line defects that lead to sterility, suggesting that cleavage of dsRNA to short pieces is a requisite event in normal development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855227/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855227/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knight, S W -- Bass, B L -- R01 GM044073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2269-71. Epub 2001 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Room 211, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*enzymology/*genetics/growth & development ; Cell Differentiation ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology ; Phenotype ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribonuclease III ; Sequence Deletion
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    China's census. National count reveals major societal changes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walfish, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; *Censuses ; China ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Density ; *Population Dynamics ; Rural Population ; Sex Ratio ; Urban Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 161
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    UDP-glucose dehydrogenase required for cardiac valve formation in zebrafish (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: Cardiac valve formation is a complex process that involves cell signaling events between the myocardial and endocardial layers of the heart across an elaborate extracellular matrix. These signals lead to marked morphogenetic movements and transdifferentiation of the endocardial cells at chamber boundaries. Here we identify the genetic defect in zebrafish jekyll mutants, which are deficient in the initiation of heart valve formation. The jekyll mutation disrupts a homolog of Drosophila Sugarless, a uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose dehydrogenase required for heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid production. The atrioventricular border cells do not differentiate from their neighbors in jekyll mutants, suggesting that Jekyll is required in a cell signaling event that establishes a boundary between the atrium and ventricle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, E C -- Stainier, D Y -- HL54737/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1670-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics ; Endocardium/embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Valves/cytology/*embryology/enzymology/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Signal Transduction ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were produced by injecting pseudotyped replication-defective retroviral vector into the perivitelline space of 224 mature rhesus oocytes, later fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Of the three males born from 20 embryo transfers, one was transgenic when accessible tissues were assayed for transgene DNA and messenger RNA. All tissues that were studied from a fraternal set of twins, miscarried at 73 days, carried the transgene, as confirmed by Southern analyses, and the GFP transgene reporter was detected by both direct and indirect fluorescence imaging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, A W -- Chong, K Y -- Martinovich, C -- Simerly, C -- Schatten, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Center for Women's Health, and Departments of Cell-Developmental Biology and Obstetrics-Gynecology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Southern ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins/*genetics ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Oocytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 163
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    Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: Elephants from the tropical forests of Africa are morphologically distinct from savannah or bush elephants. Dart-biopsy samples from 195 free-ranging African elephants in 21 populations were examined for DNA sequence variation in four nuclear genes (1732 base pairs). Phylogenetic distinctions between African forest elephant and savannah elephant populations corresponded to 58% of the difference in the same genes between elephant genera Loxodonta (African) and Elephas (Asian). Large genetic distance, multiple genetically fixed nucleotide site differences, morphological and habitat distinctions, and extremely limited hybridization of gene flow between forest and savannah elephants support the recognition and conservation management of two African species: Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roca, A L -- Georgiadis, N -- Pecon-Slattery, J -- O'Brien, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1473-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; Environment ; Exons ; Female ; Founder Effect ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Introns ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Terminology as Topic ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Essays on science and society. Is a new eugenics afoot? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):59-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. allen@biology.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Eugenics/*history/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Genetics, Medical/*history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Reproduction ; Social Problems/*history ; Western World
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Human beings contain complex societies of indigenous microbes, yet little is known about how resident bacteria shape our physiology. We colonized germ-free mice with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent component of the normal mouse and human intestinal microflora. Global intestinal transcriptional responses to colonization were observed with DNA microarrays, and the cellular origins of selected responses were established by laser-capture microdissection. The results reveal that this commensal bacterium modulates expression of genes involved in several important intestinal functions, including nutrient absorption, mucosal barrier fortification, xenobiotic metabolism, angiogenesis, and postnatal intestinal maturation. These findings provide perspectives about the essential nature of the interactions between resident microorganisms and their hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hooper, L V -- Wong, M H -- Thelin, A -- Hansson, L -- Falk, P G -- Gordon, J I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):881-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Bifidobacterium/growth & development/physiology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins ; Escherichia coli/growth & development/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Ileum/cytology/immunology/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Intestinal Absorption/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutation ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
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    Saving lives with sugar (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2339.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Male ; Mannose/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/deficiency/metabolism ; Mannosephosphates/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 167
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    Population ecology. Not all sheep are equal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaillard, J M -- Festa-Bianchet, M -- Yoccoz, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1499-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite Mixte de Recherche No. 5558 "Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive," University of Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. gaillard@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hebrides ; Male ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sheep/physiology ; Weather
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  • 168
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    Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: The Drosophila melanogaster gene chico encodes an insulin receptor substrate that functions in an insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, insulin/IGF signaling regulates adult longevity. We found that mutation of chico extends fruit fly median life-span by up to 48% in homozygotes and 36% in heterozygotes. Extension of life-span was not a result of impaired oogenesis in chico females, nor was it consistently correlated with increased stress resistance. The dwarf phenotype of chico homozygotes was also unnecessary for extension of life-span. The role of insulin/IGF signaling in regulating animal aging is therefore evolutionarily conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clancy, D J -- Gems, D -- Harshman, L G -- Oldham, S -- Stocker, H -- Hafen, E -- Leevers, S J -- Partridge, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):104-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Body Constitution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Genes, Insect ; Heterozygote ; Hot Temperature ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Somatomedins/metabolism ; Starvation ; Superoxide Dismutase
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  • 169
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    Development. Staying a boy forever (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, S A -- DiNardo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Genetics, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA. stevenw@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatids/cytology/physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    An essential role of N-terminal arginylation in cardiovascular development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: The enzymatic conjugation of arginine to the N-termini of proteins is a part of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. In mammals, three N-terminal residues-aspartate, glutamate, and cysteine-are substrates for arginylation. The mouse ATE1 gene encodes a family of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases (R-transferases) that mediate N-terminal arginylation. We constructed ATE1-lacking mouse strains and found that ATE1-/- embryos die with defects in heart development and in angiogenic remodeling of the early vascular plexus. Through biochemical analyses, we show that N-terminal cysteine, in contrast to N-terminal aspartate and glutamate, is oxidized before its arginylation by R-transferase, suggesting that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway functions as an oxygen sensor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Yong Tae -- Kashina, Anna S -- Davydov, Ilia V -- Hu, Rong-Gui -- An, Jee Young -- Seo, Jai Wha -- Du, Fangyong -- Varshavsky, Alexander -- GM31530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):96-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Aminoacyltransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta/embryology ; Arginine/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Blood Vessels/*embryology ; Cell Line ; Cysteic Acid/metabolism ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology ; Heart Septal Defects/embryology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery/embryology ; RGS Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Demography. Sardinia's mysterious male Methuselahs (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consanguinity ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Italy ; Life Style ; *Longevity/genetics/immunology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Requirement of tissue-selective TBP-associated factor TAFII105 in ovarian development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Transcription factor TFIID, composed of TBP and TAFII subunits, is a central component of the RNA polymerase II machinery. Here, we report that the tissue-selective TAFII105 subunit of TFIID is essential for proper development and function of the mouse ovary. Female mice lacking TAFII105 are viable but infertile because of a defect in folliculogenesis correlating with restricted expression of TAFII105 in the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle. Gene expression profiling has uncovered a defective inhibin-activin signaling pathway in TAFII105-deficient ovaries. Together, these studies suggest that TAFII105 mediates the transcription of a subset of genes required for proper folliculogenesis in the ovary and establishes TAFII105 as a cell type-specific component of the mammalian transcriptional machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freiman, R N -- Albright, S R -- Zheng, S -- Sha, W C -- Hammer, R E -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2084-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Granulosa Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infertility, Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Size ; Organ Specificity ; Ovarian Follicle/*growth & development ; Ovary/cytology/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology ; Ovulation ; Protein Subunits ; Signal Transduction ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Circadian rhythms of behavior are driven by oscillators in the brain that are coupled to the environmental light cycle. Circadian rhythms of gene expression occur widely in peripheral organs. It is unclear how these multiple rhythms are coupled together to form a coherent system. To study such coupling, we investigated the effects of cycles of food availability (which exert powerful entraining effects on behavior) on the rhythms of gene expression in the liver, lung, and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We used a transgenic rat model whose tissues express luciferase in vitro. Although rhythmicity in the SCN remained phase-locked to the light-dark cycle, restricted feeding rapidly entrained the liver, shifting its rhythm by 10 hours within 2 days. Our results demonstrate that feeding cycles can entrain the liver independently of the SCN and the light cycle, and they suggest the need to reexamine the mammalian circadian hierarchy. They also raise the possibility that peripheral circadian oscillators like those in the liver may be coupled to the SCN primarily through rhythmic behavior, such as feeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokkan, K A -- Yamazaki, S -- Tei, H -- Sakaki, Y -- Menaker, M -- MH 56647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):490-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing and Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA. mm7e@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Corticosterone/blood/pharmacology ; Culture Techniques ; Eating ; Female ; *Food ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Liver/*physiology ; Luciferases/genetics ; Lung/physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta) (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Glucose homeostasis depends on insulin responsiveness in target tissues, most importantly, muscle and liver. The critical initial steps in insulin action include phosphorylation of scaffolding proteins and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These early events lead to activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B. We show that mice deficient in Akt2 are impaired in the ability of insulin to lower blood glucose because of defects in the action of the hormone on liver and skeletal muscle. These data establish Akt2 as an essential gene in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, H -- Mu, J -- Kim, J K -- Thorvaldsen, J L -- Chu, Q -- Crenshaw, E B 3rd -- Kaestner, K H -- Bartolomei, M S -- Shulman, G I -- Birnbaum, M J -- GM07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 19525/PHS HHS/ -- P30 DK50306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK56886/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism ; *Insulin Resistance/genetics/physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/physiology ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology/metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction
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    astray, a zebrafish roundabout homolog required for retinal axon guidance (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: As growing retinotectal axons navigate from the eye to the tectum, they sense guidance molecules distributed along the optic pathway. Mutations in the zebrafish astray gene severely disrupt retinal axon guidance, causing anterior-posterior pathfinding defects, excessive midline crossing, and defasciculation of the retinal projection. Eye transplantation experiments show that astray function is required in the eye. We identify astray as zebrafish robo2, a member of the Roundabout family of axon guidance receptors. Retinal ganglion cells express robo2 as they extend axons. Thus, robo2 is required for multiple axon guidance decisions during establishment of the vertebrate visual projection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fricke, C -- Lee, J S -- Geiger-Rudolph, S -- Bonhoeffer, F -- Chien, C B -- R01-EY12873/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):507-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Medical Center, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Eye/embryology/transplantation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/*physiology ; Retina/embryology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/*embryology ; Visual Pathways/embryology ; Zebrafish/embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Development. Desperate parents spark search for new treatment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autistic Disorder/*drug therapy ; Child ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Secretin/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States
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    Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: A critical issue in developmental cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which the functional neuroanatomy underlying task performance differs in adults and children. Direct comparisons of brain activation in the left frontal and extrastriate cortex were made in adults and children (aged 7 to 10 years) performing single-word processing tasks with visual presentation; differences were found in circumscribed frontal and extrastriate regions. Conceivably, these differences could be attributable exclusively to performance discrepancies; alternatively, maturational differences in functional neuroanatomy could exist despite similar performance. Some of the brain regions examined showed differences attributable to age independent of performance, suggesting that maturation of the pattern of regional activations for these tasks is incomplete at age 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlaggar, Bradley L -- Brown, Timothy T -- Lugar, Heather M -- Visscher, Kristina M -- Miezin, Francis M -- Petersen, Steven E -- NS32979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS51281/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS55582/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. schlaggarb@neuro.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aging ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes
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    Ecology and evolution. Sex differences in mortality rate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owens, Ian P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2008-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. i.owens@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Body Constitution ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Competitive Behavior ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Free Radicals/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunocompetence ; Male ; *Mammals/growth & development/parasitology/physiology ; *Mortality ; Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology ; Risk-Taking ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Endocrinology. This hormone has been relaxin' too long! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivell, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Grandweg 64, 22529 Hamburg, Germany. ivell@ihf.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/*physiology ; Relaxin/blood/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Vasodilation
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    The science of ART (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The methods of gamete manipulation used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are rapidly proliferating and in some instances outpacing the underlying science. In this review, we discuss two major advances in the ART laboratory-intracytoplasmic sperm injection and extended embryo culture before embryo transfer. We outline the rationale for these approaches, discuss results of experiments obtained from animal model systems and human preimplantation embryos that provide the scientific basis for these procedures, and point out potential concerns that have arisen from these studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schultz, Richard M -- Williams, Carmen J -- HD 22681/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 22732/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA. rschultz@mail.sas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/adverse effects ; *Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
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    Paleoanthropology. First member of human family uncovered (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Chad ; Face ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Male ; Paleodontology ; *Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 182
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    The cortical topography of tonal structures underlying Western music (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Western tonal music relies on a formal geometric structure that determines distance relationships within a harmonic or tonal space. In functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we identified an area in the rostromedial prefrontal cortex that tracks activation in tonal space. Different voxels in this area exhibited selectivity for different keys. Within the same set of consistently activated voxels, the topography of tonality selectivity rearranged itself across scanning sessions. The tonality structure was thus maintained as a dynamic topography in cortical areas known to be at a nexus of cognitive, affective, and mnemonic processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janata, Petr -- Birk, Jeffrey L -- Van Horn, John D -- Leman, Marc -- Tillmann, Barbara -- Bharucha, Jamshed J -- P50 NS17778-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth Brain Imaging Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. petr.janata@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Auditory Perception ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; *Music ; Nerve Net/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pitch Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Female germ cell aneuploidy and embryo death in mice lacking the meiosis-specific protein SCP3 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss in humans and results from errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the absence of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) promotes aneuploidy in murine oocytes by inducing defective meiotic chromosome segregation. The abnormal oocyte karyotype is inherited by embryos, which die in utero at an early stage of development. In addition, embryo death in SCP3-deficient females increases with advancing maternal age. We found that SCP3 is required for chiasmata formation and for the structural integrity of meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that altered chromosomal structure triggers nondisjunction. SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Li -- Liu, Jian-Guo -- Hoja, Mary-Rose -- Wilbertz, Johannes -- Nordqvist, Katarina -- Hoog, Christer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; *Embryo Loss ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Litter Size ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nondisjunction, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synaptonemal Complex/physiology/ultrastructure
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    A low genomic number of recessive lethals in natural populations of bluefin killifish and zebrafish (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Despite the importance of selection against deleterious mutations in natural populations, reliable estimates of the genomic numbers of mutant alleles in wild populations are scarce. We found that, in wild-caught bluefin killifish Lucania goodei (Fundulidae) and wild-caught zebrafish Danio rerio (Cyprinidae), the average numbers of recessive lethal alleles per individual are 1.9 (95% confidence limits 1.3 to 2.6) and 1.4 (95% confidence limits 1.0 to 2.0), respectively. These results, together with data on several Drosophila species and on Xenopus laevis, show that phylogenetically distant animals with different genome sizes and numbers of genes carry similar numbers of lethal mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCune, Amy R -- Fuller, Rebecca C -- Aquilina, Allisan A -- Dawley, Robert M -- Fadool, James M -- Houle, David -- Travis, Joseph -- Kondrashov, Alexey S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2398-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. arm2@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Female ; Fundulidae/abnormalities/*genetics ; *Genes, Lethal ; *Genes, Recessive ; *Genome ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Xenopus laevis/genetics ; Zebrafish/abnormalities/*genetics
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    Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascalis, Olivier -- de Haan, Michelle -- Nelson, Charles A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; *Face ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception
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  • 186
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    Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jeffrey G -- Cohen, Patricia -- Smailes, Elizabeth M -- Kasen, Stephanie -- Brook, Judith S -- DA-03188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-36971/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Child Abuse ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Sex Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Television ; Theft ; Time Factors ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 187
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    Abnormal vascular function and hypertension in mice deficient in estrogen receptor beta (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Blood vessels express estrogen receptors, but their role in cardiovascular physiology is not well understood. We show that vascular smooth muscle cells and blood vessels from estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice exhibit multiple functional abnormalities. In wild-type mouse blood vessels, estrogen attenuates vasoconstriction by an ERbeta-mediated increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In contrast, estrogen augments vasoconstriction in blood vessels from ERbeta-deficient mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from ERbeta-deficient mice show multiple abnormalities of ion channel function. Furthermore, ERbeta-deficient mice develop sustained systolic and diastolic hypertension as they age. These data support an essential role for ERbeta in the regulation of vascular function and blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yan -- Bian, Zhao -- Lu, Ping -- Karas, Richard H -- Bao, Lin -- Cox, Daniel -- Hodgin, Jeffrey -- Shaul, Philip W -- Thoren, Peter -- Smithies, Oliver -- Gustafsson, Jan-Ake -- Mendelsohn, Michael E -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD30276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL53546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56235/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL63494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL55309/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL56069/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL61298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, New England Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroarginine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; *Vasoconstriction/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 188
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    Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent dominantly inherited genetic diseases of the nervous system. NF1 encodes a tumor suppressor whose functional loss results in the development of benign neurofibromas that can progress to malignancy. Neurofibromas are complex tumors composed of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells. Through use of a conditional (cre/lox) allele, we show that loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell lineage is sufficient to generate tumors. In addition, complete NF1-mediated tumorigenicity requires both a loss of NF1 in cells destined to become neoplastic as well as heterozygosity in non-neoplastic cells. The requirement for a permissive haploinsufficient environment to allow tumorigenesis may have therapeutic implications for NF1 and other familial cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yuan -- Ghosh, Pritam -- Charnay, Patrick -- Burns, Dennis K -- Parada, Luis F -- R01 NS034296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034296-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9133, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cranial Nerves/pathology ; Culture Techniques ; Female ; *Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Hyperplasia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Mast Cells/chemistry/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurofibroma/genetics/*pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics/*pathology ; Peripheral Nerves/pathology ; Schwann Cells/chemistry/*pathology ; Spinal Nerves/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 189
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    Enhanced tumor formation in mice heterozygous for Blm mutation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Persons with the autosomal recessive disorder Bloom syndrome are predisposed to cancers of many types due to loss-of-function mutations in the BLM gene, which encodes a recQ-like helicase. Here we show that mice heterozygous for a targeted null mutation of Blm, the murine homolog of BLM, develop lymphoma earlier than wild-type littermates in response to challenge with murine leukemia virus and develop twice the number of intestinal tumors when crossed with mice carrying a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor. These observations indicate that Blm is a modifier of tumor formation in the mouse and that Blm haploinsufficiency is associated with tumor predisposition, a finding with important implications for cancer risk in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goss, Kathleen Heppner -- Risinger, Mary A -- Kordich, Jennifer J -- Sanz, Maureen M -- Straughen, Joel E -- Slovek, Lisa E -- Capobianco, Anthony J -- German, James -- Boivin, Gregory P -- Groden, Joanna -- CA63507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA84291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA88460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/genetics/pathology ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; Bloom Syndrome/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Helicases/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, APC ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/*genetics/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; RecQ Helicases ; Sister Chromatid Exchange
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Timing is everything for Wolbachia hosts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):999-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Division ; Chromosomes/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Male ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Nuclear Envelope/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Time Factors ; Wasps/embryology/*microbiology/*physiology ; Wolbachia/*physiology ; Zygote/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 191
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    Sri Lanka: an amphibian hot spot (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meegaskumbura, M -- Bossuyt, F -- Pethiyagoda, R -- Manamendra-Arachchi, K -- Bahir, M -- Milinkovitch, M C -- Schneider, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oviposition ; Ovum/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Sri Lanka ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 192
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    Evolutionary biology. Darwin's avian muses continue to evolve (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):633-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Ecuador ; Female ; Food ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 193
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    A role for CD40 expression on CD8+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: The delivery of CD4 help to CD8+ T cell responses requires interactions between CD40 and CD40 ligand and is thought to occur through antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation. Here we show that generation of memory CD8+ T cells displaying an enhanced capacity for cell division and cytokine secretion required CD4 help but not CD40 expression by the APCs. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed CD40; and in the absence of this protein, CD8+ T cells were unable to differentiate into memory cells or receive CD4 help. These results suggest that, like B cells, CD8+ T cells receive CD4 help directly through CD40 and that this interaction is fundamental for CD8+ T cell memory generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourgeois, Christine -- Rocha, Benedita -- Tanchot, Corinne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2060-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U345, Institut Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, F-75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD40/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD40 Ligand/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; *Immunologic Memory ; Interferon-gamma/secretion ; Interleukin-2/secretion ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 194
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    NASA decision not suited for women (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Constitution ; Budgets ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Space Flight ; *Space Suits ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 195
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    Premature aging in mice deficient in DNA repair and transcription (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: One of the factors postulated to drive the aging process is the accumulation of DNA damage. Here, we provide strong support for this hypothesis by describing studies of mice with a mutation in XPD, a gene encoding a DNA helicase that functions in both repair and transcription and that is mutated in the human disorder trichothiodystrophy (TTD). TTD mice were found to exhibit many symptoms of premature aging, including osteoporosis and kyphosis, osteosclerosis, early greying, cachexia, infertility, and reduced life-span. TTD mice carrying an additional mutation in XPA, which enhances the DNA repair defect, showed a greatly accelerated aging phenotype, which correlated with an increased cellular sensitivity to oxidative DNA damage. We hypothesize that aging in TTD mice is caused by unrepaired DNA damage that compromises transcription, leading to functional inactivation of critical genes and enhanced apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Boer, Jan -- Andressoo, Jaan Olle -- de Wit, Jan -- Huijmans, Jan -- Beems, Rudolph B -- van Steeg, Harry -- Weeda, Geert -- van der Horst, Gijsbertus T J -- van Leeuwen, Wibeke -- Themmen, Axel P N -- Meradji, Morteza -- Hoeijmakers, Jan H J -- AG 17242-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1276-9. Epub 2002 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Genetics Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Aging, Premature/*etiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Density ; Cachexia/etiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Gene Targeting ; Growth Disorders/etiology/genetics ; Hair Diseases/genetics ; Kyphosis/etiology/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The recently developed testis cell transplantation method provides a powerful approach to studying the biology of the male germline stem cell and its microenvironment, the stem cell niche. The technique also is being used to examine spermatogenic defects, correct male infertility, and generate transgenic animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinster, Ralph L -- 36504/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Baltimore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation ; Humans ; Male ; Seminiferous Tubules/cytology ; Sertoli Cells/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Testis/*cytology ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Transgenes ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Finches adapt rapidly to new homes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 198
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    Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: According to the "public information" hypothesis, some animal species may monitor the current reproductive success of conspecifics to assess local habitat quality and to choose their own subsequent breeding site. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we manipulated two components of public information, the mean number of offspring raised locally ("quantity") and their condition ("quality"), in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Immigration rate decreased with local offspring quantity but did not depend on local offspring quality, suggesting that immigrants are deprived of information regarding local quality. Conversely, emigration rate increased both when local offspring quantity or quality decreased, suggesting that residents can use both components of public information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doligez, Blandine -- Danchin, Etienne -- Clobert, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Ecologie CNRS-UMR 7625, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, Batiment A 7eme etage, Case 237, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. blandine.doligez@esh.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cognition ; Cues ; *Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Probability ; *Reproduction ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Sweden
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Direct link between mhc polymorphism, T cell avidity, and diversity in immune defense (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-encoded molecules govern immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to T cells. The extensive polymorphism of genes encoding these molecules is believed to enhance immune defense by broadening the array of antigenic peptides available for T cell recognition, but direct evidence supporting the importance of this mechanism in combating pathogens is limited. Here we link mhc polymorphism-driven diversification of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) repertoire to the generation of high-avidity, protective antiviral T cells and to superior antiviral defense. Thus, much of the beneficial effect of the mhc polymorphism in immune defense may be due to its critical influence on the properties of the selected CTL repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Messaoudi, Ilhem -- Guevara Patino, Jose A -- Dyall, Ruben -- LeMaoult, Joel -- Nikolich-Zugich, Janko -- CA-86803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1797-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Complementarity Determining Regions ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; H-2 Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/*immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evidence for the effect of learning on timing of reproduction in blue tits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: We experimentally show that in blue tits (Parus caeruleus) egg-laying date is causally linked to experience in the previous year. Females that received additional food in the nestling period in one year laid eggs later in the next year compared with the control birds, whatever the degree of synchronization with the natural food abundance in the previous year. As a result, they raised their brood much later than the peak period of nestling food availability in the next year. The response to experience is adaptive for blue tits, which live in heterogeneous habitats where the peak period of food varies, but once settled will breed at the same location for life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grieco, Fabrizio -- van Noordwijk, Arie J -- Visser, Marcel E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):136-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center for Terrestrial Ecology, Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. grieco@cto.nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Environment ; Female ; *Food ; *Learning ; Male ; *Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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