ALBERT

Beschreibung: The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1750 to 2021, and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO2, CH4, and N2O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), and Agriculture are available. The "country reported data priority" (CR) scenario of the PRIMAP-hist datset prioritizes data that individual countries report to the UNFCCC. For developed countries, AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, this is the data submitted anually in the "common reporting format" (CRF). For developing countries, non-AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, this is the data available through the UNFCCC DI interface (di.unfccc.int) with additional country submissions read from pdf and where available xls files. For a list of these submissions please see below. For South Korea the latest official GHG inventory has not yet been submitted to the UNFCCC but is included in PRIMAP-hist. PRIMAP-hist also includes official data for Taiwan which is not recognized as a party to the UNFCCC. Gaps in the country reported data are filled using third party data such as CDIAC, BP (fossil CO2), Andrew cement emissions data (cement), FAOSTAT (agriculture), and EDGAR v6.0 (all sectors). Lower priority data are harmonized to higher priority data in the gap-filling process. For the third party priority time series gaps in the third party data are filled from country reprted data sources. Data for earlier years which are not available in the above mentioned sources are sourced from EDGAR-HYDE, CEDS, and RCP (N2O only) historical emissions. The v2.4 release of PRIMAP-hist reduces the time-lag from 2 to 1 years. Thus we include data for 2021 while the last version (2.3.1) included data for 2019 only. For energy CO$_2$ growth rates from the BP statistical review of world energy are used to extend the country reported (CR) or CDIAC (TP) data to 2021. For CO$_2$ from cement production Andrew cement data are used. For all other sectors and gases no emission estimates exist. Thus PRIMAP-hist relies on numerical methods and uses a linear extrapolation based on the last 15 years. COVID-19 has primarily impacted energy related emissions and in tests with CRF data no impact of COVID in the performance of linear extrapolation of emissions data in the other sectors has been detected. Version 2.4 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) in the main file. LULUCF data are included in the file with increased number of significant digits and have to be used with care as they are constructed from different sources using different methodologies and are not harmonized.

Beschreibung: Das globale Ernährungssystem ist in der Krise. Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat einen starken Preisanstieg für Lebensmittel, Düngemittel und Treibstoff ausgelöst und damit eine Verschlechterung der Ernährungssicherheit insbesondere in Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen. Gleichzeitig bedrohen Dürren und Extremwetterereignisse die Ernten weltweit. Mangel- und Fehlernährung existieren in zunehmendem Maße nebeneinander und kosten ebenso wie die Folgen der globalen Umweltzerstörung viele Menschenleben. Derzeit fokussiert sich die politische Diskussion vor allem auf den Anpassungsbedarf der Produktionsseite. Eine Kombination mit Anpassungen der Konsumseite sind jedoch unerlässlich, um Produzent*innen zu entlasten und die diversen Krisen gemeinsam anzugehen. Insbesondere die deutliche Reduktion von Konsum und Produktion tierischer Lebensmittel ist ein zentraler Hebel, um das globale Ernährungssystem resilienter, fairer und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. In diesem Policy Brief weisen wir auf die Dringlichkeit entsprechender politischer Maßnahmen hin und machen drei konkrete Umsetzungsvorschläge: Einrichtung eines Transformationsfonds für die Umstellung, Etablierung wirkungsvoller Lenkungsabgaben und Aufbau zukunftsweisender Institutionen zur Transformation des Ernährungssystems.

Beschreibung: Beaufils, T.; Berthet, E.; Ward, H.; & Wenz, L. (2023). Beyond production and consumption: Using throughflows to untangle the virtual trade of externalities. Economic Systems Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2023.2174003 - Supporting code and data