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  • 2020-2024  (59,712)
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  • 1
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    Language Science Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL.
    Keywords: Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Finnish Literature Society / SKS | Finnish Literature Society
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: This study offers a new perspective on unusual and unsettling experiences that are often interpreted as “mental illnesses” and on the techniques through which literary representations invite readerly responses and engagement. The book examines how four Finnish modernist writers, Helvi Hämäläinen, Jorma Korpela, Timo K. Mukka, and Maria Vaara, construct experiences of shattering and distress as bodily experiences that are embedded in the social and material world and entangled with social and cultural norms that govern subjectivity, gender, and sexuality. Drawing on narrative theory, theories of embodied cognition, phenomenology of illness, and feminist theory, the analyses show how literary works can invite readers to respond emotionally and to reflect on our views of the human mind and its interaction with the world. The book sheds light on the fictional portrayals and techniques of representation and on the ethics of narrating and reading about painful experiences. It also illuminates the ways the mind, body, consciousness, and mental distress are discussed in Finnish modernist literature and situates the texts in the international modernist tradition.
    Keywords: phenomenology; narratology; modernism; mental disorders; Finnish language literature; literary research ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law::LNTM Medical and healthcare law
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    University of Michigan Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: World of Warcraft rapidly became one of the most popular online world games on the planet, amassing 11.5 million subscribers—officially making it an online community of gamers that had more inhabitants than the state of Ohio and was almost twice as populous as Scotland. It's a massively multiplayer online game, or MMO in gamer jargon, where each person controls a single character inside a virtual world, interacting with other people's characters and computer-controlled monsters, quest-givers, and merchants. In My Life as a Night Elf Priest, Bonnie Nardi, a well-known ethnographer who has published extensively on how theories of what we do intersect with how we adopt and use technology, compiles more than three years of participatory research in Warcraft play and culture in the United States and China into this field study of player behavior and activity. She introduces us to her research strategy and the history, structure, and culture of Warcraft; argues for applying activity theory and theories of aesthetic experience to the study of gaming and play; and educates us on issues of gender, culture, and addiction as part of the play experience. Nardi paints a compelling portrait of what drives online gamers both in this country and in China, where she spent a month studying players in Internet cafes. Bonnie Nardi has given us a fresh look not only at World of Warcraft but at the field of game studies as a whole. One of the first in-depth studies of a game that has become an icon of digital culture, My Life as a Night Elf Priest will capture the interest of both the gamer and the ethnographer.
    Keywords: Media ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDB Internet guides and online services::UDBV Virtual worlds ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WD Hobbies, quizzes and games::WDH Hobbies::WDHW Role-playing, war games and fantasy sports
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    University of Westminster Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: In 1965 the UK enacted the Race Relations Act while the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) opened for signature and ratification. In the US, the changes that brought down the walls of segregation, conveying some equality to black people essentially began with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These ground-breaking instruments marked a commitment—domestically and internationally by the state parties to the ICERD—to address racial injustice and inequality through legal means. Yet, the intervening years reveal the challenges of pursuing racial justice and equality through the medium of law. In recent years, allegations of institutional racism have been levelled against numerous public institutions in the UK, while the rise of populism globally has challenged the ability of law to effect change. This edited collection draws attention to the need to reflect on the persistence of racial inequalities and injustices despite law’s intervention and arguably because of its ‘unconscious’ role in their promotion. It does so from a multiplicity of perspectives ranging from the doctrinal, socio-legal, critical and theoretical, thereby generating different kinds of knowledge about race and law. By exploring contemporary issues in racial justice and equality, contributors examine the role of law—whether domestic or international, hard or soft—in advancing racial equality and justice and consider whether it can effect substantive change.
    Keywords: Immigration; Stop and Search Laws; Terrorism Funds; The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Legal Academia; Legal Profession; Equality; Race; Law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    University of Washington Press | University of Washington Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Open-access edition: DOI 10.6069/9780295804088 China's exploitation by Western imperialism is well known, but the imperialist treatment within China of ethnic minorities has been little explored. Around the geographic periphery of China, as well as some of the less accessible parts of the interior, and even in its cities, live a variety of peoples of different origins, languages, ecological adaptations, and cultures. These people have interacted for centuries with the Han Chinese majority, with other minority ethnic groups (minzu), and with non-Chinese, but identification of distinct groups and analysis of their history and relationship to others still are problematic. Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers provides rich material for the comparative study of colonialism and imperialism and for the study of Chinese nation-building. It represents some of the first scholarship on ethnic minorities in China based on direct research since before World War II. This, combined with increasing awareness in the West of the importance of ethnic relations, makes it an especially timely book. It will be of interest to anthopologists, historians, and political scientists, as well as to sinologists.
    Keywords: Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.
    Keywords: Discipline of representation, History, Semiotics, Science, Technology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTD Semiotics / semiology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: Italian , English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Learn how to facilitate scientific inquiry projects by getting out of the classroom and connecting to the natural environment—in your schoolyard, or in your community! Providing a contemporary perspective on how to do scientific inquiry in ways that can make teachers’ lives easier and students’ experiences better, this book draws on authentic inquiry, engaging with communities, and teaching through project-based learning to help students design and carry out scientific inquiry projects that are grounded in their local places. This accessible guide will help you to develop skills around facilitation, team building, and learning outdoors in schoolyards and parks, acting as a go-to toolkit for teachers to help build confidence and skills in these areas. Written according to the Next Generation Science Standards, this book supports teachers in fostering community engagement and a justice-first classroom. The approachable resources included in this book will help teachers with all levels of experience succeed in empowering students grades 3–12 in their science learning. Additional support materials including template documents for student use and for teacher planning, as well as examples of real student work, are available online. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license
    Keywords: climate change ; instructional strategies ; NGSS ; outdoor education ; Science education ; teaching strategies
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Edinburgh University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: This book traces the origins, history, and memory of the Jalayirid dynasty, a family that succeeded the Mongol Ilkhans in Iran and Iraq in the 14th and early 15th centuries. The story of how the Jalayirids came to power is illustrative of the political dynamics that shaped much of the Mongol and post-Mongol period in the Middle East. The Jalayirid sultans sought to preserve the social and political order of the Ilkhanate, while claiming that they were the rightful heirs to the rulership of that order. Central to the Jalayirids' claims to the legacy of the Ilkhanate was their attempt to control the Ilkhanid heartland of Azarbayjan and its major city, Tabriz. Control of Azarbayjan meant control of a network of long-distance trade between China and the Latin West, which continued to be a source of economic prosperity through the 8th/14th century.
    Keywords: History ; Azerbaijan (Iran) ; Baghdad ; Emir ; Genghis Khan ; Ilkhanate ; Jalairid Sultanate ; Jalairs ; Sultan ; Tabriz ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version History:15 June 2020:Initial release of the data. Note that the initial version number is 0002 in order to reflect the consistent data processing of this data set and Version 0002 of the data set Sasgen et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_ICE).---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 products based on COST-G RL01 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2020) representing ice-mass changes for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). The ice-mass changes are provided both as basin average product and as gridded product.Basin-average ice-mass changes are obtained using the inversion procedure based on a forward modelling approach as described in Sasgen et al. (2013) for the AIS and Sasgen et al. (2012) for the GIS.Gridded ice-mass changes are provided at polar-stereographic grids with a grid spacing of 50 x 50 km^2. The applied algorithm is based on tailored sensitivity kernels (Groh & Horwath, 2016), and has also been used to generate gravimetric mass balance products within the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) projects for the AIS and the GIS.These Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de).Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/COST-G/Level-3/ICE
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Ice-mass Change ; Time Variable Gravity ; Antarctic Mass Balance ; Greenland Mass Balance ; Sea-level Change ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 10
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    In:  International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: As a variant of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Large Margin Distribution Machine (LDM) has been validated to outperform SVM both theoretically and experimentally. Due to the inevitable noise in real applications, the credibility of different samples is not necessarily the same, which is neglected by most existing LDM models. To tackle the above problem, this paper first introduces fuzzy set theory into LDM, and proposes a Fuzzy Large Margin Distribution Machine (FLDM) with better robustness and performance. Considering the noise and uncertainty in datasets, sample points farther from the center of homogenous class are less reliable. Therefore, a fuzzy membership function based on the distance to the class center is utilized to characterize the confidence of each sample, i.e., the degree to which the sample belongs to a certain category. Furthermore, different strategies are developed to obtain class centers for linearly separable and linearly inseparable problems. Experiments conducted on both artificial and UCI datasets verified the superiority of FLDM from different perspectives.
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    In:  Reliability Engineering & System Safety
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The problem of network disintegration, such as suppression of an epidemic spread and destabilization of terrorist networks, possesses extensive applications and has lately been the focus of growing interest. Many real-world complex systems are represented by spatial networks in which nodes and edges are spatially embedded. However, existing disintegration approaches for spatial network disintegration focus on singular aspects such as geospatial information or network topography, with insufficient modeling granularity. In this paper, we propose an effective and computationally efficient virtual node model that essentially integrates the geospatial information and topology of the network by modeling edges as virtual nodes with weights. Moreover, we employ Kernel Density Estimation, a well-known non-parametric technique for estimating the underlying probability density function of samples, to fit all nodes, comprising both network and virtual nodes, to identify the critical region of the spatial network, which is also the circular geographic region where disintegration occurs. Extensive numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world networks demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency, which provides a fresh perspective for modeling spatial networks.
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) can help stabilize the climate by extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while producing renewable energy. However, biomass availability would limit the potential of BECCS, and biomass cropland expansion may threaten biodiversity, food security, and water supply. Replacing land-intensive foods can help unlock sustainable biomass production. Here, we estimated BECCS energy and negative emissions using biomass grown on freed-up land when replacing animal-source foods. Biomass production excludes agricultural expansion to protect biodiversity, ensures enough food supply globally to safeguard food security, and constrains irrigation to secure water for people and ecosystems. Negative emissions consider supply chain emissions and the forgone sequestration from natural revegetation. Results show that replacing 50% of animal products by 2050 could release enough land for BECCS to generate 26.4–39.5 EJelec/year, the scale of coal power today, while removing 5.9–9.3 GtCO2e/year from the atmosphere, almost what coal power emits today.
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: We investigated the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on inter-annual precipitation variability in the far-eastern Pacific (FEP) and northern South America (NSA) using an approach based on phase synchronization (PS). First, we carried out a detailed analysis of observational data to define the inter-annual variability, eliminate the seasonal residual frequencies in hydro-climatic anomalies, and assess the statistical significance of PS. Additionally, we characterized the seasonality of regional patterns of sea surface temperature, surface pressure levels, low-level winds and precipitation anomalies associated with the ENSO states. We found that the positive (negative) precipitation anomalies experienced in the FEP and NSA differ from those previously reported in the literature. In particular, the Guianas (northeastern Amazon) and the Caribbean constitute two regions with negative (positive) rainfall anomalies during El Niño (La Niña), separated by a zone of non-significant anomalies along the Orinoco Low-level Jet corridor. Moreover, we showed that the ENSO signal is phase-locked with inter-annual rainfall and low-level wind variability in most of the study regions. Furthermore, we found consistency in the PS between the Central and Eastern Pacific El Niño indices and hydroclimatic anomalies over the Pacific. However, some areas exhibited PS, although they did not show significant precipitation anomalies, suggesting that the influence of ENSO on tropical climatology manifests not only in terms of the magnitude of anomalies but also in terms of the phases only. Our approach advances the understanding of climatic anomalies in tropical regions and provides new insights into the non-linear interactions between ENSO and hydroclimatic processes in tropical Americas.
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Lack of nitrogen limits food production in poor countries while excessive nitrogen use in industrial countries has led to transgression of the planetary boundary. However, the potential of spatial redistribution of nitrogen input for food security when returning to the safe boundary has not been quantified in a robust manner. Using an emulator of a global gridded crop model ensemble, we found that redistribution of current nitrogen input to major cereals among countries can double production in the most food insecure countries, while increasing global production of these crops by 12% with no notable regional loss or reducing the nitrogen input to the current production by one third. Redistribution of the input within the boundary increased production by 6–8% compared to the current relative distribution, increasing production in the food insecure countries by two thirds. Our findings provide georeferenced guidelines for redistributing nitrogen use to enhance food security while safeguarding the planet.
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Oil seed crops are the second most important field crops after cereals in the agricultural economy globally. The use and demand for oilseed crops such as groundnut, soybean and sunflower have grown significantly, but climate change is expected to alter the agroecological conditions required for oilseed crop production. This study aims to present an approach that utilizes decision-making tools to assess the potential climate change impacts on groundnut, soybean and sunflower yields and the greenhouse gas emissions from the management of the crops. The Decision Support Tool for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v4.7), a dynamic crop model and the Cool Farm Tool, a GHG calculator, was used to simulate yields and estimate GHG emissions from these crops, respectively. Four representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), three nitrogen (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) and phosphorous (0, 30 and 60 P kg/ha) fertilizer rates at three sites in Limpopo, South Africa (Ofcolaco, Syferkuil and Punda Maria) were used in field trials for calibrating the models. The highest yield was achieved by sunflower across all crops, years and sites. Soybean yield is projected to decrease across all sites and scenarios by 2030 and 2050, except at Ofcolaco, where yield increases of at least 15.6% is projected under the RCP 4.5 scenario. Positive climate change impacts are predicted for groundnut at Ofcolaco and Syferkuil by 2030 and 2050, while negative impacts with losses of up to 50% are projected under RCP 8.5 by 2050 at Punda Maria. Sunflower yield is projected to decrease across all sites and scenarios by 2030 and 2050. A comparison of the climate change impacts across sites shows that groundnut yield is projected to increase under climate change while notable yield losses are projected for sunflower and soybean. GHG emissions from the management of each crop showed that sunflower and groundnut production had the highest and lowest emissions across all sites respectively. With positive climate change impacts, a reduction of GHG emissions per ton per hectare was projected for groundnuts at Ofcolaco and Syferkuil and for sunflower in Ofcolaco in the future. However, the carbon footprint from groundnut is expected to increase by 40 to 107% in Punda Maria for the period up to 2030 and between 70-250% for 2050, with sunflower following a similar trend. We conclude that climate change will potentially reduce yield for oilseed crops while management will increase emissions. Therefore, in designing adaptation measures, there is a need to consider emission effects to gain a holistic understanding of how both climate change impacts on crops and mitigation efforts could be targeted.
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity. To date, these boundaries have mostly been investigated separately, and it is unclear whether breaching one boundary can lead to the transgression of another. By employing a dynamic global vegetation model, we systematically simulate the strength and direction of the effects of different transgression levels of the climate change boundary (using climate output from ten CMIP6 models for CO2 levels ranging from 350 ppm to 1000 ppm). We focus on climate change-induced shifts of Earth’s major forest biomes, the control variable for the land-system change boundary, both by the end of this century and, to account for the long-term legacy effect, by the end of the millennium. Our simulations show that while staying within the 350 ppm climate change boundary co-stabilizes the land-system change boundary, breaching it (〉450 ppm) leads to its critical transgression with greater severity, the higher the ppm level rises and the more time passes. Specifically, this involves a poleward treeline shift, boreal forest dieback (nearly completely within its current area under extreme climate scenarios), competitive expansion of temperate forest into today’s boreal zone, and a slight tropical forest extension. These interacting changes also affect other planetary boundaries (freshwater change and biosphere integrity) and provide feedback to the climate change boundary itself. Our quantitative process-based study highlights the need for interactions to be studied for a systemic operationalization of the framework.
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Ecosystems are under multiple stressors and impacts can be measured with multiple variables. Humans have altered mass and energy flows of basically all ecosystems on Earth towards dangerous levels. However, integrating the data and synthesizing conclusions is becoming more and more complicated. Here we present an automated and easy to apply R package to assess terrestrial biosphere integrity which combines 2 complementary metrics: The BioCol metric quantifies the human colonization pressure exerted on the biosphere through alteration and extraction (appropriation) of net primary productivity, whereas the EcoRisk metric quantifies biogeochemical and vegetation structural changes as a proxy for the risk of ecosystem destabilization. Applied to simulations with the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL5 for 1500–2016, we find that presently (period 2007–2016), large regions show modification and extraction of 〉25 % of the preindustrial potential net primary production, leading to drastic alterations in key ecosystem properties and suggesting a high risk for ecosystem destabilization. In consequence of these dynamics, EcoRisk shows particularly high values in regions with intense land use and deforestation, but also in regions prone to impacts of climate change such as the arctic and boreal zone. The metrics presented here enable global-scale, spatially explicit evaluation of historical and future states of the biosphere and are designed for use by the wider scientific community, not only limited to assessing biosphere integrity, but also to benchmark model performance. The package will be maintained on GitHub and through that we encourage application also to other models and data sets.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Collective risk social dilemmas are at the heart of the most pressing global challenges we are facing today, including climate change mitigation and the overuse of natural resources. Previous research has framed this problem as a public goods game (PGG), where a dilemma arises between short-term interests and long-term sustainability. In the PGG, subjects are placed in groups and asked to choose between cooperation and defection, while keeping in mind their personal interests as well as the commons. Here, we explore how and to what extent the costly punishment of defectors is successful in enforcing cooperation by means of human experiments. We show that an apparent irrational underestimation of the risk of being punished plays an important role, and that for sufficiently high punishment fines, this vanishes and the threat of deterrence suffices to preserve the commons. Interestingly, however, we find that high fines not only avert freeriders, but they also demotivate some of the most generous altruists. As a consequence, the tragedy of the commons is predominantly averted due to cooperators that contribute only their “fair share” to the common pool. We also find that larger groups require larger fines for the deterrence of punishment to have the desired prosocial effect.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Advances in the field of extreme event attribution allow to estimate how anthropogenic global warming affects the odds of individual climate disasters, such as river floods. Extreme event attribution typically uses precipitation as proxy for flooding. However, hydrological processes and antecedent conditions make the relation between precipitation and floods highly nonlinear. In addition, hydrology acknowledges that changes in floods can be strongly driven by changes in land-cover and by other human interventions in the hydrological system, such as irrigation and construction of dams. These drivers can either amplify, dampen or outweigh the effect of climate change on local flood occurrence. Neglecting these processes and drivers can lead to incorrect flood attribution. Including flooding explicitly, that is, using data and models of hydrology and hydrodynamics that can represent the relevant hydrological processes, will lead to more robust event attribution, and will account for the role of other drivers beyond climate change. Existing attempts are incomplete. We argue that the existing probabilistic framework for extreme event attribution can be extended to explicitly include floods for near-natural cases, where flood occurrence was unlikely to be influenced by land-cover change and human hydrological interventions. However, for the many cases where this assumption is not valid, a multi-driver framework for conditional event attribution needs to be established. Explicit flood attribution will have to grapple with uncertainties from lack of observations and compounding from the many processes involved. Further, it requires collaboration between climatologists and hydrologists, and promises to better address the needs of flood risk management.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Natural hazards pose significant risks to people and assets in many regions of the world. Quantifying associated risks is crucial for many applications such as adaptation option appraisal and insurance pricing. However, traditional risk assessment approaches have focused on the impacts of single hazards, ignoring the effects of multi-hazard risks and potentially leading to underestimations or overestimations of risks. In this work, we present a framework for modelling multi-hazard risks globally in a consistent way, considering hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities, and assumptions on recovery. We illustrate the approach using river floods and tropical cyclones impacting people and physical assets on a global scale in a changing climate. To ensure physical consistency, we combine single hazard models that were driven by the same climate model realizations. Our results show that incorporating common physical drivers and recovery considerably alters the multi-hazard risk. We finally demonstrate how our framework can accommodate more than two hazards and integrate diverse assumptions about recovery processes based on a national case study. This framework is implemented in the open-source climate risk assessment platform CLIMADA and can be applied to various hazards and exposures, providing a more comprehensive approach to risk management than conventional methods.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: On the path to climate neutrality, global production locations and trade patterns of basic materials might change due to the heterogeneous availability of renewable electricity. Here we estimate the ‘renewables pull’, which is the energy-cost savings, for varying depths of relocation for three key tradable energy-intensive industrial commodities: steel, urea and ethylene. For an electricity-price difference of €40 MWh−1, we find respective relocation savings of 18%, 32% and 38%, which might, despite soft factors in the private sector, lead to green relocation. Conserving today’s production patterns by shipping hydrogen is substantially costlier, whereas trading intermediate products could save costs while keeping substantial value creation in renewable-scarce importing regions. In renewable-scarce regions, a societal debate on macroeconomic, industrial and geopolitical implications is needed, potentially resulting in selective policies of green-relocation protection.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: This analysis assesses the financial viability of legally investing in native Cerrado vegetation deforestation for crop production, considering climate change. The study uses data from twelve different crop models based on three different climate models to evaluate potential future crop yields in cleared land for growing soy and maize. The outcomes show that in many micro-regions, investments in clearing land for crop production would destroy economic value, that is, generate a negative net present value because of low/negative and volatile cashflows driven primarily by future yields as affected by climate. Our analysis was carried out based on present agricultural practices and technology. As climate changes, farmers may adapt their practices, which can lead to more resilient and productive crops, or grow different crops, which could provide better returns on investment in clearing land than the ones resulting from our analysis. Despite various uncertainties, farmers, policy makers and financial institutions should be aware of the climatic and financial risks associated with land clearing in Brazil, mainly in micro-regions in which all scenarios resulted in negative outcomes in the investment analysis. This study indicates that land expansion opportunities on degraded land should be prioritized over additional land clearing.
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The IPCC Assessment Reports offer the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitute an unmatched resource for climate change researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding across diverse climate change research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesise essential research advances. We collected input from experts on different fields using an online questionnaire and prioritised a set of ten key research insights with high policy relevance. This year we focus on: (1) looming overshoot of the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgency of phasing-out fossil fuels, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future of natural carbon sinks, (5) need for join governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in the science of compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We first present a succinct account of these Insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basis for a report targeted to policymakers as a contribution to elevate climate science every year, in time for the UNFCCC COP.
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Synchronization among uncoupled oscillators can emerge when common noise is applied on them and is famously known as noise-induced synchronization. In previous studies, it was assumed that common noise may drive all the oscillators at the same time when they are static in space. Understanding how to develop a mathematical model that apply common noise to only a fraction of oscillators is of significant importance for noise-induced synchronization. Here, we propose a direction-dependent noise field model for noise-induced synchronization of an ensemble of mobile oscillators/agents, and the effective noise on each moving agent is a function of its direction of motion. This enables the application of common noise if the agents are oriented in the same direction. We observe not only complete synchronization of all the oscillators but also clustered states as a function of the ensemble density beyond a critical value of noise intensity, which is a characteristic of the internal dynamics of the agents. Our results provide a deeper understanding on noise-induced synchronization even in mobile agents and how the mobility of agents affects the synchronization behaviors.
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  • 25
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    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: This paper looks into the crucial macroeconomic feedback mechanisms emerging from the interplay among the goods market, the labor market, the financial sector, and monetary policy, particularly in the context of transitioning towards a climate-neutral economy. The investment decisions of firms, pivotal in this interaction, can trigger feedback loops with potentially destabilizing effects, underscoring the critical role of investment within the complex interplay of market and sector dynamics in the macroeconomy. Governmental intervention is highlighted as a key factor in steering the green transition while preserving economic stability. A carbon tax on fossil fuel consumption is proposed as a primary tool for facilitating this green transition. Our investigation employs a disequilibrium model of monetary growth, a la Keynes-Metzler-Goodwin (KMG), incorporating a portfolio perspective across three asset markets - money, bonds, and stocks. This framework allows for an in-depth analysis of how a carbon tax influences real production, inflation, and inequality during the transition. Our findings indicate that imposing a carbon tax on production does not markedly disrupt economic stability, as long as the carbon pricing and its growth rate remain within low bounds.
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  • 26
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    In:  Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Climate policy needs to set incentives for investors who face imperfect, distorted markets and large uncertainties about the costs and benefits of abatement. These investors decide on uncertain investments according to their expected return and risk (carbon beta). We study carbon pricing and financial incentives in a consumption-based asset pricing model distorted by technology spillovers and time-inconsistency. We find that both distortions reduce the equilibrium asset return and delay investment in abatement. However, their effect on the carbon beta and the risk premium for abatement can be decreasing (when innovation spillovers are not anticipated) or increasing (when climate policy is not credible). We show that the distortions can be overcome by modified carbon pricing by a regulator, or by financial incentives, implemented in our model by a long-term investment fund. The fund pays a subsidy to reduce technology costs or offers financial contracts to boost investment returns to complement the carbon price. The investment fund can thus pave the way for carbon pricing in later periods by preventing a capital misallocation that would be too expensive to correct, thus improving the feasibility of ambitious carbon pricing.
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: In the race against time, the European Union must move swiftly to navigate the green transition. This imperative isn't just about staying ahead in the global green technology competition; it is about securing the future of Europe's economy while combating climate change. Ahead of the EU elections looming, the urgency of this dual challenge cannot be overstated. With a new pro-EU Polish government in place, the Weimar Triangle - a trilateral forum that brings together Poland, France and Germany - could provide the ideal place to offer a new bold industrial policy leadership in Europe.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 28
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    In:  IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: Proceedings
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Precipitation nowcasting (up to a few hours) remains a challenge due to the highly complex local interactions that need to be captured accurately. Convolutional Neural Networks rely on convolutional kernels convolving with grid data and the extracted features are trapped by limited receptive field, typically expressed in excessively smooth output compared to ground truth. Thus they lack the capacity to model complex spatial relationships among the grids. Geometric deep learning aims to generalize neural network models to non-Euclidean domains. Such models are more flexible in defining nodes and edges and can effectively capture dynamic spatial relationship among geographical grids. Motivated by this, we explore a geometric deep learning-based temporal Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for precipitation nowcasting. The adjacency matrix that simulates the interactions among grid cells is learned automatically by minimizing the L1 loss between prediction and ground truth pixel value during the training procedure. Then, the spatial relationship is refined by GCN layers while the temporal information is extracted by 1D convolution with various kernel lengths. The neighboring information is fed as auxiliary input layers to improve the final result. We test the model on sequences of radar reflectivity maps over the Trento/Italy area. The results show that GCNs improves the effectiveness of modeling the local details of the cloud profile as well as the prediction accuracy by achieving decreased error measures.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Global flood impacts have risen in recent decades. While increasing exposure was the dominant driver of surging impacts, counteracting vulnerability reductions have been detected, but were too weak to reverse this trend. To assess the ongoing progress on vulnerability reduction, we combine a recently available dataset of flooded areas derived from satellite imagery for 913 events with four global disaster databases and socio-economic data. Event-specific flood vulnerabilities for assets, fatalities and displacements reveal a lack of progress in reducing global flood vulnerability from 2000—2018. We examine the relationship between vulnerabilities and human development, inequality, flood exposure and local structural characteristics. We find that vulnerability levels are significantly lower in areas with good structural characteristics and significantly higher in low developed areas. However, socio-economic development was insufficient to reduce vulnerabilities over the study period. Nevertheless, the strong correlation between vulnerability and structural characteristics suggests further potential for adaptation through vulnerability reduction.
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  • 30
    Unknown
    Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Anthropogene Klimaänderung ; Klimaschwankung ; Klimazeuge ; Klimaschutz ; Klimaänderung ; Klimatologie ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaänderung ; Holozän ; Erwärmung ; Kohlenstoffkreislauf ; Treibhausgas
    Pages: xviii, 270 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten , 25 cm
    Edition: Third edition
    ISBN: 9781108793872 , 9781108840187
    Language: English
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Cyanobacteria are major contributors to algal blooms in inland waters, threatening ecosystem function and water uses, especially when toxin-producing strains dominate. Here, we examine 140 hyperspectral (HS) images of five representatives of the widespread, potentially toxin-producing and bloom-forming genera Microcystis, Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon, Chrysosporum and Dolichospermum, to determine the potential of utilizing visible and near-infrared (VIS/NIR) reflectance for their discrimination. Cultures were grown under various light and nutrient conditions to induce a wide range of pigment and spectral variability, mimicking variations potentially found in natural environments. Importantly, we assumed a simplified scenario where all spectral variability was derived from cyanobacteria. Throughout the cyanobacterial life cycle, multiple HS images were acquired along with extractions of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin. Images were calibrated and average spectra from the region of interest were extracted using k-means algorithm. The spectral data were pre-processed with seven methods for subsequent integration into Random Forest models, whose performances were evaluated with different metrics on the training, validation and testing sets. Successful classification rates close to 90 % were achieved using either the first or second derivative along with spectral smoothing, identifying important wavelengths in both the VIS and NIR. Microcystis and Chrysosporum were the genera achieving the highest accuracy (〉95 %), followed by Planktothrix (79 %), and finally Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon (〉50 %). The potential of HS imagery to discriminate among toxic cyanobacteria is discussed in the context of advanced monitoring, aiming to enhance remote sensing capabilities and risk predictions for water bodies affected by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Observations of rift and rifted margin architecture suggest that significant spatial and temporal structural heterogeneity develops during the multiphase evolution of continental rifting. Inheritance is often invoked to explain this heterogeneity, such as pre‐existing anisotropies in rock composition, rheology, and deformation. Here, we use high‐resolution 3D thermal‐mechanical numerical models of continental extension to demonstrate that rift‐parallel heterogeneity may develop solely through fault network evolution during the transition from distributed to localized deformation. In our models, the initial phase of distributed normal faulting is seeded through randomized initial strength perturbations in an otherwise laterally homogeneous lithosphere extending at a constant rate. Continued extension localizes deformation onto lithosphere‐scale faults, which are laterally offset by 10’s of km and discontinuous along‐strike. These results demonstrate that rift‐ and margin‐parallel heterogeneity of large‐scale fault patterns may in‐part be a natural byproduct of fault network coalescence.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Over the past few decades, azimuthal seismic anisotropy measurements have been widely used proxy to study past and present‐day deformation of the lithosphere and to characterize convection in the mantle. Beneath continental regions, distinguishing between shallow and deep sources of anisotropy remains difficult due to poor depth constraints of measurements and a lack of regional‐scale geodynamic modeling. Here, we constrain the sources of seismic anisotropy beneath Madagascar where a complex pattern cannot be explained by a single process such as absolute plate motion, global mantle flow, or geology. We test the hypotheses that either Edge‐Driven Convection (EDC) or mantle flow derived from mantle wind interactions with lithospheric topography is the dominant source of anisotropy beneath Madagascar. We, therefore, simulate two sets of mantle convection models using regional‐scale 3‐D computational modeling. We then calculate Lattice Preferred Orientation that develops along pathlines of the mantle flow models and use them to calculate synthetic splitting parameters. Comparison of predicted with observed seismic anisotropy shows a good fit in northern and southern Madagascar for the EDC model, but the mantle wind case only fits well in northern Madagascar. This result suggests the dominant control of the measured anisotropy may be from EDC, but the role of localized fossil anisotropy in narrow shear zones cannot be ruled out in southern Madagascar. Our results suggest that the asthenosphere beneath northern and southern Madagascar is dominated by dislocation creep. Dislocation creep rheology may be dominant in the upper asthenosphere beneath other regions of continental lithosphere.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Lower crustal flow in regions of post-orogenic extension has been inferred to explain the exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and associated low-angle normal (detachment) fault systems. However, the origin of detachment faults, whether initially formed as high-angle or low-angle shear zones, and the extension is symmetric or asymmetric remains enigmatic. Here, we use numerical modeling constrained by geophysical and geological data to show that symmetric extension in the central Menderes Massif of western Anatolia is accommodated by the crustal flow. Our geodynamic model explains how opposite dipping Gediz and Büyük Menderes detachment faults are formed by ∼40° footwall rotation. Model predictions agree with seismic tomography data that suggests updoming of lower crust beneath the exhumed massifs, represented as “twin domes” and a flat Moho. Our work helps to account for the genetic relation between the exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle normal faulting in both Cordillera and Aegean orogenic regions and has important implications on crustal dynamics in extensional provinces.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: In this work, IMF By effects on field-aligned currents (FACs) are examined in different local time sectors, seasons, and hemispheres. At dusk and 09–14 MLT, when the eastward polar electrojet (PEJ) prevails, the northern FACp (poleward side FACs) are stronger when IMF By 〈 0 than when IMF By 〉 0. Conversely, at dawn, 21–02 MLT, and 09–14 MLT with westward PEJ, the northern FACp are stronger with IMF By 〉 0 compared to IMF By 〈 0. The southern FACp shows a reversed relationship with IMF By direction. The dependence of FACe (equatorward side FACs) on IMF By is weaker, except for the midday FACe, which shows opposite variations with respect to IMF By when compared to FACp. Stronger IMF By effect is observed in local summer in most of local times. The northern FACs are located at higher latitude for IMF By 〉 0 than for IMF By 〈 0 in local times with eastward PEJ, while the opposite trend is observed in other local times and in the Southern Hemisphere. The hemispheric difference in the peak latitude of FACs demonstrates an inverse relationship with its intensity, with stronger FACs located at lower latitudes. Overall, the local time and hemispheric differences in FACs strength and latitude are discussed in the context of interhemispheric field-aligned currents linked to IMF By.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Kimberlites are volatile-rich, occasionally diamond-bearing magmas that have erupted explosively at Earth’s surface in the geologic past1,2,3. These enigmatic magmas, originating from depths exceeding 150 km in Earth’s mantle1, occur in stable cratons and in pulses broadly synchronous with supercontinent cyclicity4. Whether their mobilization is driven by mantle plumes5 or by mechanical weakening of cratonic lithosphere4,6 remains unclear. Here we show that most kimberlites spanning the past billion years erupted about 30 million years (Myr) after continental breakup, suggesting an association with rifting processes. Our dynamical and analytical models show that physically steep lithosphere–asthenosphere boundaries (LABs) formed during rifting generate convective instabilities in the asthenosphere that slowly migrate many hundreds to thousands of kilometres inboard of rift zones. These instabilities endure many tens of millions of years after continental breakup and destabilize the basal tens of kilometres of the cratonic lithosphere, or keel. Displaced keel is replaced by a hot, upwelling mixture of asthenosphere and recycled volatile-rich keel in the return flow, causing decompressional partial melting. Our calculations show that this process can generate small-volume, low-degree, volatile-rich melts, closely matching the characteristics expected of kimberlites1,2,3. Together, these results provide a quantitative and mechanistic link between kimberlite episodicity and supercontinent cycles through progressive disruption of cratonic keels.
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  • 40
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    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The present work proposes a simulation-based Bayesian method for parameter estimation and fragility model selection for mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) damage states. This method uses an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) based on likelihood estimation using point-wise intensity values. It identifies the simplest model that fits the data best, among the set of viable fragility models considered. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for empirical fragility assessments for two different tsunami events and different classes of buildings with varying numbers of observed damage and flow depth data pairs. As case studies, observed pairs of data for flow depth and the corresponding damage level from the South Pacific tsunami on 29 September 2009 and the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami on 28 September 2018 are used. Damage data related to a total of five different building classes are analysed. It is shown that the proposed methodology is stable and efficient for data sets with a very low number of damage versus intensity data pairs and cases in which observed data are missing for some of the damage levels.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Due to the difficulties in estimating groundwater recharge and cross-boundary nature of many aquifers, estimating groundwater recharge at large scale has been called upon. Process-based models as well as data-driven models have been established to meet this need. Meanwhile, with the advent of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods, data-driven machine learning models can take advantage of enhanced explainability while keeping the strength of high flexibility. In this study, an ensemble neural network model was built to check the suitability of the model to predict groundwater recharge and the possibility to gain new insights from large data set. Recent large inputs of groundwater recharge data and additional input for the Arabian Peninsula collated in this study were fed to the model with multiple predictors related to climatology considering seasonality, soil and plant characteristics, topography, and hydrogeology. The model showed higher performance (adjusted R2: 0.702, RMSE: 193.35 mm yr−1) than a recent global process-based model in predicting groundwater recharge. Using XAI methods as individual conditional expectations and Shapley Additive Explanation interaction values, the model behavior was analyzed and possible linear and non-linear relationships between the predictors and the groundwater recharge rate were found. Long-term averaged precipitation and enhanced vegetation index showed non-linear relationships with groundwater recharge rate, while slope, compound topographic index, and water table depth showed low importance to the model results. Most model behaviors followed the domain knowledge, while multi-correlation between predictors and data skewness hindered the model from learning.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: During February 2023, a total of 32 individual distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems acted jointly as a global seismic monitoring network. The aim of this Global DAS Month campaign was to coordinate a diverse network of organizations, instruments, and file formats to gain knowledge and move toward the next generation of earthquake monitoring networks. During this campaign, 156 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or larger were reported by the U.S. Geological Survey and contributors shared data for 60 min after each event’s origin time. Participating systems represent a variety of manufacturers, a range of recording parameters, and varying cable emplacement settings (e.g., shallow burial, borehole, subaqueous, and dark fiber). Monitored cable lengths vary between 152 and 120,129 m, with channel spacing between 1 and 49 m. The data has a total size of 6.8 TB, and are available for free download. Organizing and executing the Global DAS Month has produced a unique dataset for further exploration and highlighted areas of further development for the seismological community to address.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Strike-slip faults are classically associated with pull-apart basins where continental crust is thinned between two laterally offset fault segments. We propose a subsidence mechanism to explain the formation of a new type of basin where no substantial segment offset or syn-strike-slip thinning is observed. Such “flexural strike-slip basins” form due to a sediment load creating accommodation space by bending the lithosphere. We use a two-way coupling between the geodynamic code ASPECT and surface-processes code FastScape to show that flexural strike-slip basins emerge if sediment is deposited on thin lithosphere close to a strike-slip fault. These conditions were met at the Andaman Basin Central fault (Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean), where seismic reflection data provide evidence of a laterally extensive flexural basin with a depocenter located parallel to the strike-slip fault trace.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Global coupled climate models are in continuous need for evaluation against independent observations to reveal systematic model deficits and uncertainties. Changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) as measured by satellite gravimetry missions GRACE and GRACE-FO provide valuable information on wetting and drying trends over the continents. Challenges arising from a comparison of observed and modelled water storage trends are related to gravity observations including non-water related variations such as, for example, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Therefore, correcting secular changes in the Earth's gravity field caused by ongoing GIA is important for the monitoring of long-term changes in terrestrial water from GRACE in particular in former ice-covered regions. By utilizing a new ensemble of 56 individual realizations of GIA signals based on perturbations of mantle viscosities and ice history, we find that many of those alternative GIA corrections change the direction of GRACE-derived water storage trends, for example, from gaining mass into drying conditions, in particular in Eastern Canada. The change in the sign of the TWS trends subsequently impacts the conclusions drawn from using GRACE as observational basis for the evaluation of climate models as it influences the dis-/agreement between observed and modelled wetting/drying trends. A modified GIA correction, a combined GRACE/GRACE-FO data record extending over two decades, and a new generation of climate model experiments leads to substantially larger continental areas where wetting/drying trends currently observed by satellite missions coincide with long-term predictions obtained from climate model experiments.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Although many collisional orogens form after subduction of oceanic lithosphere between two continents, some orogens result from strain localization within a continent via inversion of structures inherited from continental rifting. Intracontinental rift-inversion orogens exhibit a range of structural styles, but the underlying causes of such variability have not been extensively explored. We use numerical models of intracontinental rift inversion to investigate the impact of parameters including rift structure, rift duration, post-rift cooling, and convergence velocity on orogen structure. Our models reproduce the natural variability of rift-inversion orogens and can be categorized using three endmember styles: asymmetric underthrusting (AU), distributed thickening (DT), and localized polarity flip (PF). Inversion of narrow rifts tends to produce orogens with more localized deformation (styles AU and PF) than those resulting from wide rifts. However, multiple combinations of the parameters we investigated can produce the same structural style. Thus, our models indicate no unique relationship between orogenic structure and the conditions prior to and during inversion. Because the style of rift-inversion orogenesis is highly contingent upon the rift history prior to inversion, knowing the geologic history that preceded rift inversion is essential for translating orogenic structure into the processes that produced that structure.
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  • 47
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    In:  Minor Minerals, Major Implications: Using Key Mineral Phases to Unravel the Formation and Evolution of Earth's Crust | Geological Society special publications
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The investigation of key minerals including zircon, apatite, titanite, rutile, monazite, xenotime, allanite, baddeleyite and garnet can retain critical information about petrogenetic and geodynamic processes and may be utilized to understand complex geological histories and the dynamic evolution of the continental crust. They act as small but often robust petrochronological capsules and provide information about crustal evolution, from local processes to plate tectonics and supercontinent cycles. They offer us insights into processes of magmatism, sedimentation, metamorphism and alteration, even when the original protolith is not preserved. In situ techniques have enabled a more in-depth understanding of trace element behaviour in these minerals within their textural context. This has led to more meaningful ages for many stages of geological events. New developments of analytical procedures have further allowed us to expand our petrochronological toolbox while improving precision and accuracy. Combining multiple proxies with multiple minerals has contributed to new interpretations of the crustal history of our planet.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Silicon isotope fractionation during silicification is poorly understood and impedes our ability to decipher paleoenvironmental conditions from Si isotopes in ancient cherts. To investigate isotope fractionation during silica-for‑carbonate replacement we analyzed the microscale Si and O isotope composition in different silica phases in a silicified zebra dolostone as well as their bulk δ18O and Δ’17O compositions. The subsequent replacement of carbonate layers is mimicked by decreasing δ18O and δ30Si. The textural relationship and magnitude of Si and O isotope fractionation is best explained by near-quantitative silica precipitation in an open system with finite Si. A Rayleigh model for silicification suggests positive Ɛ30/28Si during silicification, conforming with predictions for isotope distribution at chemical equilibrium from ab-initio models. Application of the modelled Ɛ30Si-T relationship yields silicification temperatures of approx. 50 °C. To reconcile the δ18Ochert composition with these temperatures, the δ18O of the fluid must have been between −2.5 and − 4 ‰, compositions for which the quartz phases fall close to the oxygen equilibrium fractionation line in three-isotope space. Diagenetic silica replacement appears to occur in O and Si isotopic equilibrium allowing reconstructions of temperatures of silicification from Si isotopes and derive the δ18O composition of the fluid – a highly desired value needed for accurate reconstructions of the temperature- and δ18O histories of the oceans.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Continental rifts evolve by linkage and interaction of adjacent individual segments. As rift segments propagate, they can cause notable re-orientation of the local stress field so that stress orientations deviate from the regional trend. In return, this stress re-orientation can feed back on progressive deformation and may ultimately deflect propagating rift segments in an unexpected way. Here, we employ numerical and analog experiments of continental rifting to investigate the interaction between stress re-orientation and segment linkage. Both model types employ crustal-scale two-layer setups wherein pre-existing linear heterogeneities are introduced by mechanical weak seeds. We test various seed configurations to investigate the effect of (i) two competing rift segments that propagate unilaterally, (ii) linkage of two opposingly propagating rift segments, and (iii) the combination of these configurations on stress re-orientation and rift linkage. Both the analog and numerical models show counterintuitive rift deflection of two sub-parallel propagating rift segments competing for linkage with an opposingly propagating segment. The deflection pattern can be explained by means of stress analysis in numerical experiments wherein stress re-orientation occurs locally and propagates across the model domain as rift segments propagate. Major stress re-orientations may occur locally, which means that faults and rift segment trends do not necessarily align perpendicularly to far-field extension directions. Our results show that strain localization and stress re-orientation are closely linked, mutually influence each other, and may be an important factor for rift deflection among competing rift segments as observed in nature.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Geodynamic modelling provides a powerful tool to investigate processes in the Earth's crust, mantle, and core that are not directly observable. However, numerical models are inherently subject to the assumptions and simplifications on which they are based. In order to use and review numerical modelling studies appropriately, one needs to be aware of the limitations of geodynamic modelling as well as its advantages. Here, we present a comprehensive yet concise overview of the geodynamic modelling process applied to the solid Earth from the choice of governing equations to numerical methods, model setup, model interpretation, and the eventual communication of the model results. We highlight best practices and discuss their implementations including code verification, model validation, internal consistency checks, and software and data management. Thus, with this perspective, we encourage high-quality modelling studies, fair external interpretation, and sensible use of published work. We provide ample examples, from lithosphere and mantle dynamics specifically, and point out synergies with related fields such as seismology, tectonophysics, geology, mineral physics, planetary science, and geodesy. We clarify and consolidate terminology across geodynamics and numerical modelling to set a standard for clear communication of modelling studies. All in all, this paper presents the basics of geodynamic modelling for first-time and experienced modellers, collaborators, and reviewers from diverse backgrounds to (re)gain a solid understanding of geodynamic modelling as a whole.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 51
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This collection gathers the contributions of ten scholars on the topic of transnational cultural and physical mobility originating in China. These contributions aim to open conversations among Chinese Studies scholars by applying a Mobility Studies perspective. Exploring diverse narratives and forms of representation from people of Chinese heritage, the book is divided into three parts that each look closely at the relationship between movement and cultural production. The first part is dedicated to four types of mobility of people from China to Italy, namely tourist mobility (Miriam Castorina), labor mobility (Valentina Pedone), student mobility (Xu Hao), and mobility of social elites (Andrea Scibetta). The second part is dedicated to examples of reverse mobility from Italy to China (Gao Changxu, Chiara Lepri, Giuseppe Rizzuto). The third part focuses on case studies based on mobilities from China to territories other than Italy (Rebecca Ehrenwirth, Martina Renata Prosperi, Giulia Rampolla).
    Keywords: China-Italy mobilities ; Chinese Transnational Migration ; Chinese Travel Writing ; Chinese International Students ; Sinophone Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.
    Keywords: Discipline of representation, History, Semiotics, Science, Technology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTD Semiotics / semiology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: Italian , English
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  • 53
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    Amsterdam University Press | Pallas Publications
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: By the early ninth century, the responsibility for a series of social, religious and political transformations had become an integral part of running the Carolingian empire. This became especially clear when, in 813/4, Louis the Pious and his court seized the momentum generated by their predecessors and broadened the scope of these reforms ever further. These reformers knew they represented a movement greater than the sum of its parts; the interdependence between those wielding imperial authority and those bearing responsibility for ecclesiastical reforms was driven by comprehensive, yet still surprisingly diverse expectations.Taking this diversity as a starting point, this book takes a fresh look at the optimistic first decades of the ninth century. Extrapolating from a series of detailed case studies rather than presenting a new grand narrative, it offers new interpretations of contemporary theories of personal improvement and institutional correctio, and shows the self-awareness of its main instigators as they pondered what it meant to be a good Christian in a good Christian empire.
    Keywords: Politics ; government ; history ; Medieval History ; Carolingians ; Monasticism ; Church ; Empire ; Mittelalter ; Karalingen ; Mönchswesen ; Kirche ; Imperium ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Bloomsbury Academic | Bloomsbury Academic
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: For the populations of the developing economies – the vast majority of humanity – the present century offers the prospect of emulating Western standards of living. This hope is combined with increasing awareness of the environmental consequences of the very process of global industrialisation itself. This open access book explores the interactions between economic development and the physical environment in four regions of the developing world: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia. The contributors focus on the ‘Anthropocene’: our present era, in which humanity’s influence on the physical environment has begun to mark the geological record. Economic Development and Environmental History in the Anthropocene examines environmental changes at global level and human responses to environmental opportunities and constraints on more local and regional scales, themes which have been insufficiently studied to date. This volume fills this gap in the literature by combining historical, economic and geographical perspectives to consider the implications of the Anthropocene for economic development in Asia and Africa. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Knowledge Unlatched.
    Keywords: economic development ; environment ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; South Asia ; Southeast Asia ; East Asia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    New York University Press | NYU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The epidemic of mass rape in the former Yugoslavia has illustrated once again, and in particularly brutal fashion, the inextricable relationship between national politics, sexual politics, and body politics. The nexus of these three forces is highly charged in any culture, at any time in history, but especially so among cultures in which rapid, even cataclysmic, changes in material realities and national self-conceptions are eroding or overwhelming previously secure boundaries. The postcommunist moment in the so-called Second World--Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union--has dramatically exposed the opportunities and dangers that arise when the political, cultural, and economic foundations of a society are de- and then re-structured. Gender roles and relations, expressions of sexuality or attempts to recontain them, representations of the body, especially the female body, and the larger, cultural meanings it assumes, are particularly marked sites to witness the performance of complex national dramas of crisis and change. This groundbreaking volume turns its attention to the Second World, specifically to such subjects as the birth of the sex media and porn industry in Russia; Russian women and alcoholism; cinema in post-communist Hungary; patriotism and gender in Poland; sexual dissidence in Eastern Europe; and women in the former Yugoslavia. 〉[ go to the Genders website ]
    Keywords: Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Provincializing Empire explores the global history of Japanese expansion through a regional lens. It rethinks the nation-centered geography and chronology of empire by uncovering the pivotal role of expeditionary merchants from Ōmi (present-day Shiga Prefecture) and their modern successors. Tracing their lives from the early modern era, and writing them into the global histories of empire, diaspora, and capitalism, Jun Uchida offers an innovative analysis of expansion through a story previously untold: how the nation’s provincials built on their traditions to create a transpacific diaspora that stretched from Seoul to Vancouver, while helping shape the modern world of transoceanic exchange. “Provincializing Empire offers a stimulating and persuasive account of the longue durée of Japanese capitalist development, connecting Japanese historiography to important conversations on the history of racial capitalism and geographies of space, place, and scale.” — DAVID AMBARAS, author of Japan’s Imperial Underworlds: Intimate Encounters at the Borders of Empire “Wide-ranging yet richly documented, Provincializing Empire offers a powerful new transregional history of Japanese capitalism, challenging claims about the developmental state. It tells the fascinating story of a merchant diaspora whose growth was entwined with Japanese imperialism, and of the invented traditions that sustained provincial identity amid global commercial expansion.” — JORDAN SAND, author of Tokyo Vernacular: Common Spaces, Local Histories, Found Objects ""A tour de force! Jun Uchida's lucid narrative illuminates the multidirectional movements of settler-migrant merchants from peripheral Japan that cut across the prescribed borders of empires and nation-states. Empirically rich and theoretically sophisticated, Provincializing Empire calls into question many assumptions about Japanese imperialism and offers a less spatially bounded story of grassroots expansionism."" — EIICHIRO AZUMA, author of In Search of Our Frontier: Japanese America and Settler Colonialism in the Construction of Japan's Borderless Empire ""Provincializing Empire is a wonderfully creative model for connecting local and global history. Uchida frames her stimulating account of Japanese overseas commercial expansion, colonialism, and diaspora not as the top-down story of state policy but as the local history of a mercantile community."" — DAVID L. HOWELL, Robert K. and Dale J. Weary Professor of Japanese History, Harvard University"
    Keywords: merchants; Japan; Japanese Transpacific Diaspora ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: With a focus on migrant narratives, or the storytelling about migration, this volume considers the ways in which migration is and has been shaped by individual and collective experiences of agency, belonging and community. Driven by an agenda of deep listening, each chapter presents a narrative directly derived from qualitative research, an outline of the methodological framing as well as narrative analysis. Through close attention to the narrative, its performative aspects and its ruptures and silences, authors identify patterns and material in the fabric of such telling and retelling of stories that open up new perspectives on the migrant experience. This book develops a methodology of ""dwelling with stories"" that allows for sustained and slow interrogation of the migrant experience and the accompanying decisions that shape narratives around mobility across borders. Its structure is innovative by emphasising the migrant voice and reflecting on the scholars’ positionality, while also offering new theoretical contributions that will advance the field of narrative analysis. The book will appeal to academics, students and practitioners in a wide range of subject areas within the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, migration/refugee/diaspora studies and oral history.
    Keywords: migration,narratives,gender,agency,dwelling with stories,belonging,community,rupture,trauma,loss,migrant experience,performance,performativity,deep listening,methodology,diaspora,sociology,anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    University of London Press | Institute of Latin American Studies | University of London Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Provincialising Nature: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Politics of the Environment in Latin America offers a timely analysis of some of the crucial challenges, contradictions and promises within current environmental discourses and practices in the region. This book shows both challenging scenarios and original perspectives that have emerged in Latin America in relation to the globally urgent issues of climate change and the environmental crisis. Two interconnected analytical frameworks guide the discussions in the book: the relationship between nature, knowledge and identity and their role in understanding recent and current practices of climate change and environmental policy. The different chapters in this volume contribute to this debate by offering multidisciplinary perspectives on particular aspects of these two frameworks and through a multidirectional outlook that links the local, national, regional and transnational levels of inquiry across a diverse geographical spectrum.
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Central European University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Escaping Kakania is about fascinating characters—soldiers, doctors, scientists, writers, painters—who traveled from their eastern European homelands to colonial Southeast Asia. Their stories are told by experts on different countries in the two regions, who bring diverse approaches into a conversation that crosses disciplinary and national borders. The 14 chapters deal with the diverse encounters of eastern Europeans with the many faces of colonial southeast Asia. Some essays directly engage with post-colonial studies, contributing to an ongoing critical re-evaluation of eastern European “semi-peripheral” (non-)involvement in colonialism. Other chapters disclose a range of perspectives and narratives that illuminate the plurality of the travelers’ positions while reflecting on the specificity of the eastern European experience. The travellers moved—as do the chapter authors—between two regions that are off-centre, in-between, shiftingly “Eastern,” and disorientingly heterogeneous, thus complicating colonial and postcolonial notions of “Europe,” “East,” and East-West distinctions. Both at home and overseas, they navigated among a multiplicity of peoples, “races,” and empires, Occidents and Orients, fantasies of the Self and the Other, adopting/adapting/mimicking/rejecting colonialist identities and ideologies. They saw both eastern Europe and southeast Asia in a distinctive light, as if through each other—and so will the readers of Escaping Kakania.
    Keywords: Travel and travel writing; eastern Europe; southeast Asia; colonialism/empire; European representations of Asia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WT Travel and holiday::WTL Travel writing
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Travel Writing in Mongolia and Northern China, 1860–2020 invites readers to explore Mongolia as an important cultural space for Western travelers and their audiences over three historical eras. Travelers have framed their experiences and observations through imaginative geographies and Orientalizing discourses, fixing Mongolia as a peripheral, timeless, primitive, and parochial place. Readers can examine the travelers’ literary and rhetorical strategies as they make themselves more credible and authoritative and as they identify themselves with Mongolians and Mongolian culture or, conversely, distance themselves. In this book, readers can also approach travel writing from the perspective of women travelers, Mongolian socialist intellectuals, twenty-first-century travelers, and a Han Chinese writer, Jiang Rong, who promotes cultural harmony yet anticipates the disappearance of Mongolian culture in China.
    Keywords: Mongolia, travel writing, representation
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South expands our collective understanding of energy poverty and deepens our recognition of the phenomenon by engaging with the lived experiences of energy-poor households across different contexts. Understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is an essential component in the design of any effort to alleviate what is fundamentally a deep-rooted, multi-faceted, wickedly complex problem. This requires a nuanced understanding of the causal factors and the research methods that can respond to the flexible spatial and temporal nature of the condition, as well as its wellbeing and justice implications. Drawing together the expertise and connectedness of authors from the Global South and North, this book presents novel approaches to understanding the often hidden forms of domestic energy deprivation. Case studies from 20 countries provide critical perspectives on this phenomenon while analysing the policy practices, government strategy, and sustainability implications of divergent manifestations. The book takes a multidimensional perspective, challenging the bias towards energy production and service provision, which often do not align with the aspirations and realities of energy households across global contexts, thus facilitating a useful dialogue on the nature of energy poverty. The book is a timely source for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking fresh, diverse insights into the everyday reality of energy poverty and wanting to better understand the challenges a people-centred, just energy transition can present.
    Keywords: hidden energy poverty,energy vulnerability,fuel poverty,energy access,energy justice ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy
    Language: English
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  • 62
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This chapter discusses monogamism as a type of systemic oppression enacted through ideas and practices that valorise monogamous people and relationships while systematically devaluing polyamorous and multi-partnered relationships. Instead of focusing on polyamorous/multi-partnered people, this chapter will apply the critical gaze of a sex and relationship therapist with polyamorous lived experience to examine and critique how psychotherapists behave toward polyamorous/multi-partnered people. Ansara explores how psychotherapists routinely engage in three common forms of monogamism: mononormative bias, couple-centric bias, and everyday monogamism. When examining these three forms of monogamism, Ansara explains how some ostensibly “neutral” and ubiquitous language, concepts, and clinical practices can enact monogamist oppression. This chapter then analyses how popular theoretical approaches to relationship counselling promote couple-centric bias and fail to address the key patterns, dynamics, and dilemmas in multi-partnered relationship systems. This includes an anti-racist, decolonial critique of Eurocentric approaches to Attachment Theory and the culture-bounded nature of mononormative biases. Finally, this chapter provides evidence-informed guidelines for anti-oppressive psychotherapeutic practice that can help polyamorous and multi-partnered people to strengthen attachment bonds, improve communications, and meet core emotional needs in their relational systems.
    Keywords: guide, psychotherapy, queer, relationally, therapy
    Language: English
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  • 63
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Quantum Physics is the solid basis of most of our understanding of nature and has been the driver of many technological advances. The trilogy Power of the Invisible: The Quintessence of Reality gives a coherent account of this huge domain of knowledge, which is linked to some fifty Nobel prizes and is one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century. This quantum story follows three lines in parallel: a pictorial, an explanatory and a mathematical one.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics, understanding of nature, technological advances, scientific achievements ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach is a comprehensive yet critical introduction to the diverse field of public international law. Bringing together a unique range of perspectives from around the world and from different theoretical approaches, this textbook introduces both the overarching questions and doctrines of public international law, as well as the specialised sub-fields. These include emerging fields such as international law in cyberspace, international migration law, and the international climate regime. The book includes numerous case examples, references to debates and controversies in the literature, and focus sections addressing topics in more depth. Featuring an array of pedagogical features, including learning objectives, suggested further reading and resources, and QR codes to interactive exercises, this book is ideal for students studying this field for the first time and also offers something new for students who would like to deepen their knowledge via a diverse and engaging range of perspectives. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) 4.0 License.
    Keywords: public international law;international law;global law;critical approaches to international law;knowledge divide;epistemic justice;multiperspectivity;diversity;Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBZ Public international law: criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics::KCLT International trade and commerce ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LND Constitutional and administrative law: general::LNDA Citizenship and nationality law::LNDA3 Asylum law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKJ Environment law
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: According to the Ministry of Manpower, falling and slipping accidents are one of the most common accidents in addition, falls from heights (FFH), including accidents during scaffolding work, are still a major cause of death in the construction industry. Regular safety checks are currently being carried out on construction sites, but scaffold-related accidents continue to occur. Sensing technology is being attempted in many industrial sites for safety monitoring, but there are still limitations in terms of the cost of sensors and object detection, which are limited to certain risks. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based pose estimation approach to identify the risk of falling during scaffolding work in the construction industry. Through analysis of the correlation between unstable behavior during scaffold work and the angle of keypoints of workers, the proposed approach demonstrates the ability to detect the risk of falling. The proposed approach can prevent falling accidents not only by detecting construction site workers, but also by detecting specific risky behaviors. In addition, in limited work environments other than scaffolding work, the information on unstable behavior can be provided to safety managers who may not be aware of the risk, thus contributing to preventing falling accidents
    Keywords: deep learning ; pose estimation ; keypoint angle calculate ; construction site safe monitoring ; falls from heights ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 66
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    Ubiquity Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Understanding the role of humans in environmental change is one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. Environmental narratives – written texts with a focus on the environment – offer rich material capturing relationships between people and surroundings. We take advantage of two key opportunities for their computational analysis: massive growth in the availability of digitised contemporary and historical sources, and parallel advances in the computational analysis of natural language. We open by introducing interdisciplinary research questions related to the environment and amenable to analysis through written sources. The reader is then introduced to potential collections of narratives including newspapers, travel diaries, policy documents, scientific proposals and even fiction. We demonstrate the application of a range of approaches to analysing natural language computationally, introducing key ideas through worked examples, and providing access to the sources analysed and accompanying code. The second part of the book is centred around case studies, each applying computational analysis to some aspect of environmental narrative. Themes include the use of language to describe narratives about glaciers, urban gentrification, diversity and writing about nature and ways in which locations are conceptualised and described in nature writing. We close by reviewing the approaches taken, and presenting an interdisciplinary research agenda for future work. The book is designed to be of interest to newcomers to the field and experienced researchers, and set out in a way that it can be used as an accompanying text for graduate level courses in, for example, geography, environmental history or the digital humanities.
    Keywords: Computational analysis of text; Natural language processing; Narrative; Environmental change ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNB Environmentalist, conservationist and Green organizations ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKP Environmental archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    New York University Press | NYU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Tells the diverse story of four congregations in New York City as they navigated the social and political changes of the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. In the fifty years after the Constitution was signed in 1787, New York City grew from a port town of 30,000 to a metropolis of over half a million residents. This rapid development transformed a once tightknit community and its religious experience. Including four churches belonging in various forms to the Church of England, that in some form still thrive today. Rapid urban and social change connected these believers in unity in the late colonial era. As the city grew larger, more impersonal, and socially divided, churches reformed around race and class-based neighborhoods. In Four Steeples over the City Streets, Kyle T. Bulthuis examines the intertwining of these four famous institutions—Trinity Episcopal, John Street Methodist, Mother Zion African Methodist, and St. Philip’s (African) Episcopal—to uncover the lived experience of these historical subjects, and just how religious experience and social change connected in the dynamic setting of early Republic New York. Drawing on a wide range of sources including congregational records and the unique histories of some of the churches leaders, Four Steeples over the City Streets reveals how these city churches responded to these transformations from colonial times to the mid-nineteenth century. Bulthuis also adds new dynamics to the stories of well-known New Yorkers such as John Jay, James Harper, and Sojourner Truth. More importantly, Four Steeples over the City Streets connects issues of race, class, and gender, urban studies, and religious experience, revealing how the city shaped these churches, and how their respective religious traditions shaped the way they reacted to the city. This book is a critical addition to the study and history of African American activism and life in the ever-changing metropolis of New York City.
    Keywords: History ; Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: From the beginning of the genre, women writers have made a major contribution to the development of industrial writing. Although prevented from gaining first-hand experience of the coalface, Welsh women writers were amongst the first to try to fictionalize those heavy industries—coal and metal in the south, and slate in the north—which dominated the lives of the majority of the late nineteenth-century Welsh population. Treatment of industrial matter is generally fragmentary in this early women’s writing; industrial imagery and metaphor may be used in novels that are not primarily “about” industry at all. Yet from c. 1880–1910, Welsh women writers made a significant—and hitherto critically neglected—attempt to make sense in literature of contemporary industrial Wales in powerful and innovative ways. This essay maps their contribution and considers anglophone Welsh women writers’ adaptations and innovations of form (particularly romance) as they try to find a way of representing industrial landscapes, communities and the daily realities of industrial labour. It identifies the genesis in women’s writing of tropes that would become central to later industrial fiction, including depictions of industrial accident, injury, death and disability. And it explores the representation of social relations (class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality) and conflict on this tumultuous, dangerous new stage.
    Keywords: 1914 ; Aaron ; before ; Jane ; Wales ; Women's ; Writing ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The chapter highlights the centrality of advocacy work for adult learners, particularly from marginalised and excluded communities, as a key feature of the work of Lalage Bown and its scope nationally and internationally. It explores effective work in representing the experience and demands of adult learners, and those who work with them, undertaken by adult learning associations at a national, regional and global level. The three examples considered are the work of the National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE) in England and Wales, notably around the creation of Adult Learners’ Week as festival and advocacy tool; the work of the Asian South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE), in combining research-based policy work and advocacy, regionally and globally alongside developing advocacy skills among its members; and the work of the International Council for Adult Education, the global non-governmental association for adult learning, and the work of its International Academy for Lifelong Learning Advocacy in strengthening practitioners’ capacity to engage with global decision making processes affecting adult learning. The chapter concludes with reflections on the key skills needed for successful advocacy.
    Keywords: Adult Learning ; Advocacy ; Associations ; Equity ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    The Ohio State University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Story, in the largest sense of the term, is arguably the single most important aspect of narrative. But with the proliferation of antimimetic writing, traditional narrative theory has been inadequate for conceptualizing and theorizing a vast body of innovative narratives. In A Poetics of Plot for the Twenty-First Century: Theorizing Unruly Narratives, Brian Richardson proposes a new model for evaluating literature—returning to the basis of narrative theory to illuminate how authors play with and help clarify the boundaries of narrative theory. While he focuses on late modernist, postmodern, and contemporary narratives, the study also includes many earlier works, spanning from Aristophanes and Shakespeare through James Joyce and Virginia Woolf to Salman Rushdie and Angela Carter.
    Keywords: Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: English
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    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Calling into question the common assumption that the Middle Ages produced no secondary epics, Ann W. Astell here revises a key chapter in literary history. She examines the connections between the Book of Job and Boethius' s Consolation of Philosophy—texts closely associated with each other in the minds of medieval readers and writers—and demonstrates that these two works served as a conduit for the tradition of heroic poetry from antiquity through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. As she traces the complex influences of classical and biblical texts on vernacular literature, Astell offers provocative readings of works by Dante, Chaucer, Spenser, Malory, Milton, and many others. Astell looks at the relationship between the historical reception of the epic and successive imitative forms, showing how Boethius's Consolation and Johan biblical commentaries echo the allegorical treatment of" epic truth" in the poems of Homer and Virgil, and how in turn many works classified as "romance" take Job and Boethius as their models. She considers the influences of Job and Boethius on hagiographic romance, as exemplified by the stories of Eustace, Custance, and Griselda; on the amatory romances of Abelard and Heloise, Dante and Beatrice, and Troilus and Criseyde; and on the chivalric romances of Martin of Tours, Galahad, Lancelot, and Redcrosse. Finally, she explores an encyclopedic array of interpretations of Job and Boethius in Milton's Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. ; Calling into question the common assumption that the Middle Ages produced no secondary epics, Ann W. Astell here revises a key chapter in literary history. She examines the connections between the Book of Job and Boethius' s Consolation of Philosophy—texts closely associated with each other in the minds of medieval readers and writers—and demonstrates that these two works served as a conduit for the tradition of heroic poetry from antiquity through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. As she traces the complex influences of classical and biblical texts on vernacular literature, Astell offers provocative readings of works by Dante, Chaucer, Spenser, Malory, Milton, and many others. Astell looks at the relationship between the historical reception of the epic and successive imitative forms, showing how Boethius's Consolation and Johan biblical commentaries echo the allegorical treatment of" epic truth" in the poems of Homer and Virgil, and how in turn many works classified as "romance" take Job and Boethius as their models. She considers the influences of Job and Boethius on hagiographic romance, as exemplified by the stories of Eustace, Custance, and Griselda; on the amatory romances of Abelard and Heloise, Dante and Beatrice, and Troilus and Criseyde; and on the chivalric romances of Martin of Tours, Galahad, Lancelot, and Redcrosse. Finally, she explores an encyclopedic array of interpretations of Job and Boethius in Milton's Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.
    Keywords: Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; Criticism and exegesis of sacred texts ; Medieval philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This open access book tells stories of conviviality, solidarity, and everyday management of conflicts and tensions, by building on original, long-term ethnographic research (fourteen months in 2009-2010, followed by fieldwork trips until now) on Burgaz, an island home to more than twenty ethnic and religious groups from different socio-economic backgrounds. The island provides an excellent case study of post-Ottoman conviviality, as the homogenisation process during the nation-building stage of modern Turkey triggered migrations from the island, especially of non-Muslims, yet the island’s population retains elements of its Byzantine and Ottoman diversity. The book explores the islanders’ representation of diversity through ethnographic research, media analysis and interviews, and shifts the analytical framework of Post-Ottoman plurality from “coexistence/toleration” to that of conviviality. The author critically engages with the literature on multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism andconceptualises conviviality as both living together in diversity as shared ways of living as well as living with difference. The book further explores the relationship between conviviality, solidarity, coexistence/toleration, intoleration and nationalism. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: conviviality ; coexistence ; multiculturalism ; diversity ; solidarity ; Turkey ; social tension ; kinship ; identity ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies
    Language: English
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    New York University Press | NYU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: In this book, Barney explores her family tree, chronicles her friendships and associations through reprinted correspondence and recreated conversations, and evokes the golden age of her salon in gallery of literary portraits.
    Keywords: Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The book meticulously analyses the history of the critical reception of avantguard art through the interpretations received by one of its greatest emblems, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Picasso, 1907. Since Les Demoiselles has been considered over this century the true paradigm of Modern Art, this book is, fundamentally, a sort of synthesis of the discourses about Modernism from formalism, iconology, Leo Steinberg's 'Other Criteria’, sociological, the biographical and psychoanalytical theses, cultural and historicist and lastly, the impact of post-structuralism and the feminist, post-colonialist and transnational interpretations. The final chapter deals with the artistic versions of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon made by artists. It is an essay on the different versions and identities of Modern Art and Modernism that have been produced throughout the last century.
    Keywords: Modernism ; Demoiselles d'Avignon ; Modernist Criticism ; New History of Art ; Global History of Art ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Communication Studies; Sustainable Development; Communications Engineering, Networks; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks
    Keywords: Communication Studies ; Sustainable Development ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
    Language: English
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    The Ohio State University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Never before has a collection of original essays strived to create such constructive, shared discourse between ecocritical and narrative scholars as well as environmental humanities scholars interested in narrative. Erin James and Eric Morel’s volume Environment and Narrative: New Directions in Econarratology explores the complexity of pairing material environments and their representations with narrative forms of understanding. To explore the methodological possibilities within “econarratology,” the contributors evaluate the mechanics of how narratives convey environmental understanding via building blocks such as the organization of time and space, characterization, focalization, description, and narration. They also query how readers emotionally and cognitively engage with such representations and how the process of encountering different environments in narratives stands to affect real-world attitudes and behaviors.
    Keywords: Literature ; Ecocriticism ; Narrative Theory ; Narratology ; Environment ; Narrative ; Environmental Humanities ; Jeff Van der Meer ; Annihilation ; Don DeLillo ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This is an open access book. It gathers the proceedings of the 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, held on October 5-7, 2022, as a hybrid event, in/from Berlin, Germany. With a focus on manufacturing advances and practices driving the circular economy, the chapters selected for this book report on sustainable manufacturing technologies for the mobility, energy and construction sector, and for machines and equipments, covering applications of artificial intelligence and industry 4.0. Moreover, they discuss energy-efficient process, waste reuse, and CO2 neutral production, giving a special emphasis to developing sustainable manufacturing in emerging countries. This book offers extensive and timely information for both researchers and professionals in the field of manufacturing and business development.
    Keywords: AI in Sustainable Manufacturing ; Sustainable Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems ; Sustainable Supply Chain ; CO2 Neutral Production ; Maintenance of Manufacturing Machines ; Energy-Efficient Process ; Remanufacturing ; Product Re-design ; Product-Service Systems ; Waste Reduction in Manufacturing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNH Waste management
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This ground-breaking book challenges us to re-think ourselves as techno-sapiens—a new species we are creating as we continually co-evolve ourselves with our technologies. While some of its chapters are imaginary, they are all empirically grounded in ethnography and richly theorized from diverse disciplines. The authors go far beyond a techno-optimism vs. techno-pessimism stance, stretching our thinking about birthing techno-sapiens to consider not only how our cyborgian reproductive lives are constrained and/or enabled by technology but are also about emotions and spirit. The world of reproductive health care and particularly that of genetic engineering is developing exponentially, and current challenges are vastly different from those of a decade ago. The book is provocative, intended to generate debate, ideas, and future research and to influence ethical policy and practice in human techno-reproduction. It will be of interest across the social sciences and humanities, for reproductive scholars, bioethicists, techno-scientists, and those involved in the development and delivery of maternity services.
    Keywords: Maternity services, technology ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VF Family and health::VFX Parenting: advice and issues::VFXB Pregnancy, birth and baby care: advice and issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This book examines the impacts of land tenure reform interventions implemented in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Since 2000, many African countries have introduced programs aimed at providing smallholder farmers with low-cost certificates for land held under customary tenure. Yet there are many contending views and debates on the impact of these land policies and this book reveals how tenure security, agricultural productivity, and social inclusion were affected by the interventions. It analyses the results of carefully selected, authoritative studies on interventions in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe and applies a realist synthesis methodology to explore the socio-political and economic contexts. Drawing on these results, the book argues that inadequate attention paid to the core characteristics of rural social systems obscures the benefits of customary tenure while overlooking the scope for reforms to reduce the gaps in social status among members of customary communities. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of land management and use, land and property law, tenure security, agrarian studies, political economy, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to development professionals and policymakers involved in land governance and land policy in Africa.
    Keywords: Land and real estate law;Energy and natural resources law;Applied ecology;Politics and government;Central / national / federal government policies;Cultural studies: food and society ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNS Property law: general::LNSH Land and real estate law / Real property law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCR Energy and natural resources law ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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    Heidelberg University Publishing (heiUP) | heiUP
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Published on the occasion of Hubert Houben’s 70th birthday, this volume focuses on border crossings as one of the topics dear to the jubilarian. By starting from a concept of borders as a social construct, the authors look at selected cases of transcending spatial, cultural and legal boundaries in the Middle Ages. The resulting complexity and multi-perspectivity reflects different research methods and traditions, revealing a broad spectrum of possible approaches to the topic of border crossings.
    Description: Dieser anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages von Hubert Houben publizierte Band stellt Grenzüberschreitungen als eines der Themen, die dem Jubilar am Herzen liegen, in den Mittelpunkt. Indem die Autorinnen und Autoren Grenze als soziales Konstrukt verstehen, befassen sie sich mit ausgewählten Fällen der Überschreitung von räumlichen, kulturellen und rechtlichen Grenzen im Mittelalter. Die daraus resultierende Vielschichtigkeit und Multiperspektivität spiegeln verschiedene Ansätze und Forschungstraditionen, die in der Zusammenschau ein breites Spektrum möglicher Zugänge zur Thematik der Grenzüberschreitung aufzeigen.
    Description: Pubblicato in occasione del 70° compleanno di Hubert Houben, questo volume si concentra sull’oltrepassare dei confini come uno dei temi cari al festeggiato. Prendendo come punto di partenza un concetto di confine come costruzione sociale, le autrici e gli autori affrontano casi selezionati di scavalcamento di confini spaziali, culturali e legali durante il Medioevo. La complessità e la multiperspettività che ne derivano riflettono metodi e tradizioni di ricerca diversi, che insieme rivelano un ampio spettro di approcci possibili al tema dell’attraversamento dei confini.
    Keywords: Border studies, Border crossings, Middle Ages, Otherness, Commemorative publication for Hubert Houben, Grenzgebiet, Grenzüberschreitung, Mittelalter, Wahrnehmung, Festschrift für Hubert Houben ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: English , German , French , Italian
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Memory perspectives on past events allegedly take one of two shapes. In field memories, we recall episodes from a first-person point of view, while in observer memories, we look at a past scene from a third-person perspective. But this mere visuospatial dichotomy faces several practical and conceptual challenges. First, this binary distinction is not exhaustive. Second, this characterization insufficiently accounts for the phenomenology of observer memories. Third, the focus on the visual aspect of memory perspective neglects emotional, agential, and self-related social aspects. Fourth, the focus on the time of recall neglects the fact that visual, emotional, agential, and social aspects of perspective can also be dissociated in the original experience. In this chapter, we move away from the standard visual dichotomy. Instead, we propose that memory perspective is better understood along four lines: visual, agential, emotional, and social. Drawing on empirical research, we argue that these dimensions predict a disposition to recall a past event based on the present situation of the memorizer. This account supports seeing episodic memory as a natural kind, supported by scenario construction mechanisms and minimal memory traces. By remapping the classic distinction between field and observer perspectives along four dimensions, our proposal provides explanatory advantages and secures practical gains by enabling testable hypotheses.
    Keywords: Anja Berninger, Íngrid Vendrell Ferran, Peter Langland-Hassan, Markus Werning, Kourken Michaelian, Kengo Miyazono, Uku Tooming, Christopher Jude McCarroll,Alma Barner, Julia Jansen, Fabrice ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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    New York University Press | NYU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The canyon in central Mexico was ablaze with torches as hundreds of people filed in. So palpable was their shared shock and grief, they later said, that neither pastor nor priest was needed. The event was a memorial service for one of their own who had died during an attempted border passage. Months later a survivor emerged from a coma to tell his story. The accident had provoked a near-death encounter with God that prompted his conversion to Pentecostalism. Today, over half of the local residents of El Alberto, a town in central Mexico, are Pentecostal. Submitting themselves to the authority of a God for whom there are no borders, these Pentecostals today both embrace migration as their right while also praying that their “Mexican Dream”—the dream of a Mexican future with ample employment for all—will one day become a reality. Fire in the Canyon provides one of the first in‑depth looks at the dynamic relationship between religion, migration, and ethnicity across the U.S.-Mexican border. Faced with the choice between life‑threatening danger at the border and life‑sapping poverty in Mexico, residents of El Alberto are drawing on both their religion and their indigenous heritage to demand not only the right to migrate, but also the right to stay home. If we wish to understand people's migration decisions, Sarat argues, we must take religion seriously. It is through religion that people formulate their ideas about life, death, and the limits of government authority.
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This volume investigates mediated lives and media narratives during the Covid-19 pandemic, with Asia as a focus point. It shows how the pandemic has created an unprecedented situation in this globalized world marked by many disruptions in the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of individuals and communities— creating a ‘new normal’. It explores the different media vocabularies of fear, panic, social distancing, and contagion from across Asian nations. It focuses on the role media played as most nations faced lockdowns and unique challenges during the crisis. From healthcare workers to sex workers, from racism to nationalism, from the plight of migrant workers in news reporting to state propaganda, this book brings critical questions confronting media professionals into focus. The volume is of critical interest to scholars and researchers of media and communication studies, politics, especially political communication, social and public policy, and Asian studies.
    Keywords: media narratives,Marginalized Narratives,SARS,Gender, Media and the COVID-19 Pandemic,Risk Communication,COVID Pandemic,Pandemic Politics,Follow,Held,Clip,CCP,Tablighi Jamaat,UN,Pandemic Management,Vice Versa,Female Healthcare Workers,Media Narratives,Subcontinent,USA,SARS Epidemic,Yellow Peril,Chinese Government,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,Star Online,Hindustan Times,Transgender Community Members,Corona Virus,CoV,Model Minority State,Lakshman Rekha,Violating,Weibo ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The information overload produced by the printing press and the new forms of the structuring of knowledge are echoed in fictional works. The essays assembled in this book study the textualization of problematic forms of knowledge in medieval and early modern Spanish literature. Literary Works like the Libro buen amor, La Lozana Andaluza, or the Guzmán de Alfarache are read against the backdrop of scientific developments of their times.
    Keywords: Literature and Science ; History of Knowledge ; Dissent ; Siglo de Oro ; Picaresque ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Economists have long sought to maximise economic growth, believing this to be their best contribution to improving human welfare. That approach is not sustainable in the face of ongoing issues such as global climate change, environmental damage, rising inequality and enduring poverty. Alternatives must be found. This open access book addresses that challenge. It sets out a wellbeing economics framework that directly addresses fundamental issues affecting wellbeing outcomes. Drawing inspiration from the capabilities approach of Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, the book demonstrates how persons can enhance prosperity through their own actions and through collaboration with others. The book examines national public policy, but its analysis also focuses on choices made by individuals, households, families, civil society, local government and the global community. It therefore offers important insights for anyone concerned with improving personal wellbeing and community prosperity.
    Keywords: Economics ; Management science ; Welfare economics ; Public policy ; Political science ; Economic policy ; Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: For decades the health of children and adolescents has been a topic of interest in all parts of Europe. And there is quite a consensus that schools are the most appropriate setting to promote health. Childhood and adolescence constitute key stages for learning and adopting a health-related and active lifestyle which includes physical activity and sports. The book describes a new approach to enhance students` health awareness through experimental learning settings in P.E. class, cross-subject teaching, and project work.Teaching health topics requires a pedagogical and didactical framework based on the concept of health literacy and interdisciplinary research discussed by the authors. Teaching examples to improve students` health knowledge, health competencies and skills as well as health behaviour and habits at school implicates a new teaching structure presented in the book.
    Keywords: Health promotion ; health awareness ; health didactics ; Physical Education ; teacher education ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXC Health and safety in the workplace ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNH Personal and public health / health education ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation::SC Sport: general::SCG Sports training and coaching::SCGF Sport science, physical education ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPJ Educational: Humanities and social sciences, general::YPJJ Educational: Social sciences, social studies::YPJJ6 Educational: Personal and health education ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YX Children’s / Teenage: Personal and social topics::YXA Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Body and health
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This book presents an innovative approach to public archaeology in a rural community, which has had powerful results in terms of empowering a village community in Crete to become long-term guardians of their cultural heritage. Highlighting the theoretical and local contexts of the Philioremos Peak Sanctuary Public Archeology Project, this book explores the methodology and the project outcomes, and assesses best practice in the field of public archaeology within a rural community. As well as expanding the research on Minoan peak sanctuaries, the volume contributes to a greater understanding of how rural communities can be successfully engaged in the management of heritage, and is relevant to archaeologists and other heritage professionals wishing to understand the latest developments in public archaeology.
    Keywords: Religion: general ; Social and cultural anthropology ; Archaeology ; Rural communities
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: dentistry; oral and maxillofacial surgery; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering
    Keywords: dentistry ; oral and maxillofacial surgery ; regenerative medicine ; tissue engineering ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBD Medical profession
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on VR Technologies in Cultural Heritage, VRTCH 2018, held in Brasov, Romania in May 2018. The 13 revised full papers along with the 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on data acquisition and modelling, visualization methods / audio, sensors and actuators, data management, restoration and digitization, cultural tourism.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Taking a strikingly interdisciplinary and global approach, Postcolonialism Cross-Examined reflects on the current status of postcolonial studies and attempts to break through traditional boundaries, creating a truly comparative and genuinely global phenomenon. Drawing together the field of mainstream postcolonial studies with post-Soviet postcolonial studies and studies of the late Ottoman Empire, the contributors in this volume question many of the concepts and assumptions we have become accustomed to in postcolonial studies, creating a fresh new version of the field. The volume calls the merits of the field into question, investigating how postcolonial studies may have perpetuated and normalized colonialism as an issue exclusive to Western colonial and imperial powers. The volume is the first to open a dialogue between three different areas of postcolonial scholarship that previously developed independently from one another: • the wide field of postcolonial studies working on European colonialism, • the growing field of post-Soviet postcolonial/post-imperial studies, • the still fledgling field of post-Ottoman postcolonial/post-imperial studies, supported by sideways glances at the multidirectional conditions of interaction in East Africa and the East and West Indies. Postcolonialism Cross-Examined looks at topics such as humanism, nationalism, multiculturalism, nostalgia, and the Anthropocene in order to piece together a new, broader vision for postcolonial studies in the twenty-first century. By including territories other than those covered by the postcolonial mainstream, the book strives to reframe the “postcolonial” as a genuinely global phenomenon and develop multidirectional postcolonial perspectives.
    Keywords: Young Men ; Euro-American postcolonial theory ; Tv Station ; European colonialism ; Post-colonial Nationalism ; post-Soviet postcolonialism ; Decisive Formative Event ; neocolonial structures ; East Indies ; multidirectional post-colonial framework ; Postcolonial Nationalism ; Anglophone Postcolonial Studies ; Postcolonial Ecocriticism ; Baltic Littoral ; Tippu Tip ; Anatolian Greeks ; Decolonial Option ; German Government ; Anthropocene Narratives ; Anthropocene Discourse ; Programmatic Nationalism ; Epistemic Positionality ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000::DSBH5 Literary studies: postcolonial literature
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Sophie Day explores the houses that are imagined, built, repurposed, and dismantled among different communities in Ladakh, drawing attention to the ways in which houses are like and unlike people.A handful of in-depth ‘house portraits’ are selected for the insight they provide into major regional developments, based on the author’s extended engagement since 1981. Most of these houses are Buddhist and associated with the town of Leh. Drawing on both image and text, collaborative methods for assembling material show the intricate relationships between people and places over the life course. Innovative methods for recording and archiving such as ‘storyboards’ are developed to frame different views of the house. This approach raises analytical questions about the composition of life within and beyond storyboards, offering new ways to understand a region that intrigues specialists and non-specialists alike.
    Keywords: Anthropology;Home;Ladakh;Relations;Rendering houses;Sophie Day ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Construction industry is suffering from low productivity rate in various projects such as excavation. Although this issue is discussed in literature and several approaches are proposed to address it, productivity rate is still low in construction industry compared to other domains like manufacturing. A gamified platform in which different operators from different organizations can share their achievements, or can get scored and ranked in a leader-board will potentially address this issue.
    Keywords: Loading cycles ; Ladezyklen ; Telematics ; Gamification
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    UCL Press | UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The Intimate Life of Dissent examines the meanings and implications of public acts of dissent, drawing on examples from ethnography and history. Acts of dissent are never simply just about abstract principles, but also come at great personal risk to both the dissidents and to those close to them. Dissent is, therefore, embedded in deep, complex and sometimes contradictory intimate relations. This book puts acts of high principle back into the personal relations out of which they emerge and take effect, raising new questions about the relationship between intimacy and political commitment. It does so through an introduction and eight individual chapters, drawing on examples including Sri Lankan leftists, Soviet dissidents, Tibetan exiles, Kurdish prisoners, British pacifists, Indonesian student activists and Jewish peace activists. The Intimate Life of Dissent will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers of anthropology, history, political theory and sociology. Written in a clear and accessible style, it is also suitable for teaching introductory undergraduate courses on political anthropology.
    Keywords: anthropology ; dissent ; dissidents ; history ; sociology ; ethnography ; oppression ; Sri Lankan leftists ; Soviet dissidents ; Tibetan exiles ; Kurdish prisoners ; British pacifists ; Indonesian student activists ; Jewish peace activists ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVR Political oppression and persecution
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Cornell University Press | ILR Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: There is constant pressure on hospitals to improve health care delivery and increase cost effectiveness. New initiatives are the order of the day in the dramatically different health care systems of the United States and Great Britain. Often, as we know all too well, these efforts are not successful. In The Challenge to Change, Rebecca Kolins Givan analyzes the successes and failures of efforts to improve hospitals and explains what factors make it likely that the implementation of reforms will rewarded by positive transformation in a particular institution’s day-to-day operation. Givan’s in-depth qualitative case studies of both top-down initiatives and changes first suggested by staff on the front lines of care point clearly to the importance of all hospital workers in effecting change and even influencing national policy. Givan illuminates the critical role of workers, managers, and unions in enabling or constraining changes in policies and procedures and ensuring their implementation. Givan spotlights an Anglo-American model of hospital care and work organization, even while these countries retain their differences in access and payment. Entrenched professional roles, hierarchical workplace organization, and the sometimes-detached view of policymakers all shape the prospects for change in hospitals. Givan provides important examples of how the dedication and imagination of the people who work in hospitals can make all the difference when it comes to providing quality health care even in a challenging economic environment.
    Keywords: Medicolegal issues ; History of the Americas ; European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    University of Michigan Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: In these seven stories spanning the Midwest to California, Charles McLeod brings us characters estranged from their homelands and locked in conflict with their past and present selves. In “How to Start Your Own Midwestern Ghost Town,” an unnamed narrator hatches a plan to capitalize on rural decay. A porn star trying to transition to the mainstream does an interview with a German reporter in “The Subject of Our First Issue Is Art.” In the title story, a closeted heroin dealer follows a ghostly girl into an Oakland graveyard. And in “Rancho Brava,” the conductor of a focus group about corporate salsa keeps getting interrupted by visitors from the Old West. Alternating between the comic, the tragic, and the neurotic—and often all three at once—McLeod’s second collection transports readers from the American mainstream to the dark edges of cities and the heartland’s lost, forgotten towns, into the lives of people trying to decipher if they can escape their pasts, and at what cost.
    Keywords: Fiction ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FY Fiction: special features::FYB Short stories
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Oxford University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Questions of responsibility arise at all levels of health care. Most prominent has been the issue of patient responsibility. Some health conditions that risk death or serious harm are partly the result of lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, lack of exercise, or extreme sports. Are patients with such conditions responsible for them? If so, might healthcare providers, be they state-run systems or private entities, be justified in treating such patients differently? And if they are, which forms of differential treatment are justified? Responsibility isn’t just relevant for patients. Even when individuals affect their health through voluntary behaviour, other influences are also at work before, during, and after the patient’s interaction with the health care system. What are the responsibilities of individual clinicians and other medical professionals, when thinking about individual and public health? What about institutions such as governments or national health care services, or society as a whole? This collection brings together work by world-renowned experts in population ethics, distributive justice, philosophy of action, cognitive science, and medical ethics in order to push the debate forward by elucidating our understanding of these questions, their possible answers, and how they are related.
    Keywords: responsibility, health, health care, ethics, medical ethics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law::LNTJ Public health and safety law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This volume addresses the fundamental importance of the army, warfare, and military service to the development of both the Roman Republic and wider Italic society in the second half of the first millennium BC. It brings together emerging and established scholars in the area of Roman military studies to engage with subjects such as the relationship between warfare and economic and demographic regimes; the interplay of war, aristocratic politics, and state formation; and the complex role the military played in the integration of Italy. The book demonstrates the centrality of war to Rome’s internal and external relationships during the Republic, as well as to the Romans’ sense of identity and history. It also illustrates the changing scholarly view of warfare as a social and cultural construct in antiquity, and how much work remains to be done in what is often thought of as a ""traditional"" area of research. Romans at War will be of interest to students and scholars of the Roman army and ancient warfare, and of Roman society more broadly.
    Keywords: Army and Society in the Roman Republic;ancient italian warfare;aristocratic politics;bellona;early republican warfare;elite casulaties of the punic war;Hannibalic War;Italic society;Legalization of Warfare in ancient rome;Manipular Army System;Manipuli;military service in roman italy;military service in roman republic;Roman military studies;Roman Republican Military History;Roman republic;Roman warfare and imperialism;roman conquest of greece;roman gods of war;roman military gods;roman military pantheon;roman republican army;roman republican soldiers;roman republican warfare;roman social war;roman warfare;Second Punic War;Servius Tullius;social war;socii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Intellect
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe - Unpacking the Policy Cycle represents the continuation and further development of a long tradition of media policy books, focusing on the development of media structures and media policy within Europe. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current European media in a period of more or less disruptive transformation. It maps the full scope of contemporary media policy and industry activities while also assessing the impact of new technologies and radical changes in distribution and consumption on media practices, organisations and strategies. Dealing with a good selection of critical issues in comparative media policy, regulation and governance, the book combines a critical assessment of media systems with a thematic approach. It starts out with the state of affairs at the level of media platforms, approaching these from a functional perspective, i.e. opinion and debate, news provision and entertainment. The book is both an academic book and a text book, as well as a source providing good practices for steering media policy, international communication and the media landscape across Europe.
    Keywords: new technology ; consumption ; international communication ; media regulation ; european media ; media governance ; media policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies::JBCT2 Media studies: TV and society ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJG Business ethics and social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This open access book explores the multifaceted interplay of technology, knowledge, and place. While digital technology is increasingly influencing our way of knowing, conversely it is itself the consequence of human creativity and local social interaction. Part I analyzes how digital technologies transform markets through artificial intelligence and decentralized blockchain models. Its contributions discuss novel governance mechanisms, including the responsible use and analysis of big data. Part II illustrates various ways in which technology supports humanity, be it algorithms supporting complex decision-making processes or the use of robotics in care services. The chapters highlight that technology's efficiency and potential rely on social norms and human capital. Finally, Part III shows that digitization is generating vibrant entrepreneurship, reflected in geographically clustered urban scale-up economies, as well as opening up new ways for people to connect with one another, organize civic engagement and enable new forms of labor. The book offers theoretical reflections as well as empirical cases from the United States, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and Europe. This volume provides a valuable read for scholars, students and professionals in the fields of knowledge creation, technology and governance.
    Keywords: human-machine interaction ; digital activism ; social networks ; scale-up economies ; digital technology ; economic geography ; artificial intelligence ; digital markets ; digital governance ; Use of robotics ; human geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Symbols are a universal way to convey complex information in technical drawings since they can represent a wide range of elements, including components, materials, or relationships, in a concise and space-saving manner. Therefore, to enable a digital and automatic interpretation of pixel-based drawings, accurate detection of symbols is a crucial step. To enhance the efficiency of the digitization process, current research focuses on automating this symbol detection using deep learning models. However, the ever-increasing repertoire of model architectures poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners alike in retaining an overview of the latest advancements and selecting the most suitable model architecture for their respective use cases. To provide guidance, this contribution conducts a comparative study of prevalent and state-of-the-art model architectures for the task of symbol detection in pixel-based construction drawings. Therefore, this study evaluates six different object detection model architectures, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, Swin-Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Faster-RCNN. These models are trained and tested on two distinct datasets from the bridge and residential building domains, both representing substantial sub-sectors of the construction industry. Furthermore, the models are evaluated based on five criteria, i.e., detection accuracy, robustness to data scarcity, training time, inference time, and model size. In summary, our comparative study highlights the performance and capabilities of different deep learning models for symbol detection in construction drawings. Through the comprehensive evaluation and practical insights, this research facilitates the advancement of automated symbol detection by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the model architectures, thus providing users with valuable guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for their real-world applications
    Keywords: Computer Vision ; Technical Drawings ; Symbol Detection ; Comparative Study ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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