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  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology  (9)
  • Chronos Verlag  (9)
  • German  (9)
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  • 1
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    Chronos Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Rainer Hugener Books of Life. Commemorating the Dead in Medieval Switzerland How were religious practices of remembering the deceased connected to the admin-istration of landholdings and the writing of history in the Middle Ages? Based on intertextual relations between necrologies, rent-rolls, and chronicles from Swiss regions, this study shows how commemorating the dead required new techniques of writing that were not only meant to promote salvation, but also helped enforce local lordship. By celebrating the anniversaries of battles and other crucial events, the authorities of the Swiss cantons propagated a historical concept of identity which continues to influence Switzerland's self-perception even today. Rainer Hugener emphasizes the role of religious commemoration for the development of "modern" bureaucracy and offers a new perspective on the founding myths of the Swiss Con-federacy. The book is completed by an exhaustive catalogue of more than 1000 pre-modern necrologies from Swiss monasteries, cathedrals, collegiate and parish churches.
    Keywords: commemorating the dead ; necrologies ; development of bureaucracy ; Bern ; Jahrzeit ; Jahrzeitbuch ; Memorialwesen ; Nekrolog ; Urbar (Verzeichnis) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Light showers History of a Health Technology, 1890-1960 In the interwar period, western health experts considered ultraviolet light a powerful means for stimulating the population. In Germany, the electrical industry started to sell sunlamps for daily use, while hy-gienists and the spokesmen of the health reform movement celebrated the health effects of “light showers” in the popular press. Based on a careful reading of a wide variety of scientific and popular texts, the book maps the functions of sunlight in western medicine and culture. It studies the history of light and heliotherapy in medicine and inves-tigates the transition of medical practices towards a marketed con-sumer product. The book argues that the electrification of light thera-py shaped a new rationale for the application of light on the human body in medicine and beyond at the start of the 20th century.
    Keywords: sunlight in western medicine ; sunlamps ; heliotherapy ; Haut ; Höhensonne ; Medizin ; Strahlentherapie ; Ultraviolettstrahlung ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Foreign judges The Influence of Swiss and German-Austrian judges upon jurisprudence in the principality of Liechtenstein, 1939-45 The principality of Liechtenstein has been a small country possessing limited resources. In matters of jurisprudence this meant adopting Austrian and Swiss legal codes and, along with local lawyers, electing attorneys from both neighboring countries as judges in Liechtenstein. While this practice worked during times of peace, it became tenuous during the era of National Socialism, and connected to the problem of potential national socialist influence upon the appointment of judges and on the practice of law. The annexation of Austria by the “Third Reich” turned Austrian judges working in Liechtenstein into “German” judges, who dispensed justice according to Nazi law in their home-land, but according to Liechtenstein law within the principality. Can a political influence upon these judges be shown? Did a national socialist spirit pervade Liechtenstein jurisprudence and the laws enacted during that time? What was the stance taken by the judges who were Swiss? The author discusses the peculiarities of justice in Liechtenstein during the Second World War.
    Keywords: commemorating the dead ; necrologies ; development of bureaucracy ; Liechtenstein ; Nationalsozialismus ; Richter ; Schweiz ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Abstract in English* The promise of America Swiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18 The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking “Swiss Mission” sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world.
    Keywords: usa ; world war i ; germany ; foreign policy ; Deutschland ; Schweiz ; Sulzer AG ; Vereinigte Staaten ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Governance and Public Administration in Switzerland Transformations before the Neoliberal Turn How did the state, its administration and its tasks change within the second half of the 20th century? To answer this question the articles in this book ana-lyze administrative practices as a crucial manifestation of statehood from the 1960s to the 1990s. Although the multilevel political system served as a stabi-lizing factor, a social and cultural readiness to reform also took shape, which has had a lasting impact on the management process. A neoliberal turn did not result immediately but a discussion in that direction was opened up.
The book deals with the structure-building effect of subsidies, the commercializa-tion and privatization of state tasks, as well as with effects of scientific exper-tise on administration and politics. Transformations in education, youth, eco-nomic, migration and health policy are highlighted. Three different disciplinari-an viewpoints - history, history of education and political science are synthe-sized in the conclusion, which also outlines a relevant research program for contemporary history.
    Keywords: multilevel political system ; history of education ; administrative practices ; subsidies ; commercialization and privatization of state tasks ; Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung ; Schweiz ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Diplomacy as a family business. The Casatis as Spanish-Milanese envoys in Lucerne and Chur (1660-1700) The astonishing family career of the Casatis contradicts widespread impressions of early modern diplomacy. This monograph explains how a Spanish-Milanese diplomatic dynasty shrewdly managed, using a highly complex network of confessional, social and cultural connections, to concentrate and deploy its resources upon key actors, and put itself beyond competition from potential challengers. “Other than following God and their own self-interest, this people knows no further impulse,” was the devastating judgment of Alfonso Casati in 1674 concerning the Swiss Confederates. The diplomats nonetheless had to accommodate the needs of these local hosts, or lose their trust and that of their royal employer, the Spanish king. In order to fulfill the demands placed upon him as a diplomat, Alfonso Casati, like most envoys in early modern Europe, periodically reached into his own pockets. In contrast to many contemporaries, however, he did not respond to the costly requirements of the job by seeking to be relieved of his duties. On the contrary, he laid the ground for ensuring that his own son became the fourth generation representative in a nearly continuous position held by the same family. Tapping extensive source materials which are interpreted from the perspective of various historical actors, this study not only reconstructs the position and influence of an extraordinary diplomatic family, but also shines new light on a colorful history of patronage, corruption and politics in the external relations of the Confederacy and Graubünden.
    Keywords: diplomacy ; spanish crown ; Alte Eidgenossenschaft ; Chur ; Frankreich ; Gesandter ; Luzern ; Madrid ; Mailand ; Spanien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Crises, Criticism, and Sexual Deprivation The «Nacherziehung» (remedial upbringing) of male youth at the Aarburg facility, 1893-1981 The juvenile detention center Aarburg, founded in 1893, adhered superficially to an objective of separating juvenile offenders from adult offenders. From the beginning, however, roughly half of the inmates were institutionalized there in order to provide them with administrative maintenance. Power struggles soon after the institution opened, accusations of maltreatment and the suicide of two youths in the First World War era, the widely publicized critique of 1936 and the finally the “Heimkampagne” of 1970 are the focuses of this book. Source-based case studies sketch a nuanced picture of the daily life of the Aarburg institution across diverse decades, and the imponderability of interpersonal relations within the permanent emergency condition of a “total” institution. The author also devotes attention to the effects of sexual repression on the young inmates, which was not mentioned or addressed in official reports, making all the more striking, examples of this found within the archival sources analyzed here for the first time. The book offers insights into the quotidian experience of the inmates across the 20th century and also demonstrates the evolution of child-rearing techniques used on male juveniles.
    Keywords: sexual repression ; juvenile offenders ; administrative maintenance ; Aarburg ; Homosexualität ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Developing the third dimension. The origins and evolution of civilian aviation infrastructure in Switzer-land, 1909-1990 Why is Switzerland’s biggest airport today located at Zurich-Kloten? What role has airplane noise played in development of the Geneva-Cointrin and Basel-Mühlhausen airports? How were the first airways established in Switzerland and how long have air traf-fic controllers been used there? This is the first comprehensive portrayal of the history of airports, airfields and air traffic control in Switzerland, from their begin-nings and up through the end of the 20th century. Rather than focus on specific facilities separately, the author takes a Switzerland-wide perspective which he situates in a global con-text. Using extensive source material, he reconstructs the origins and development of Swiss aviation infrastructure and illuminates the impacts of regulatory frameworks and historical actors upon this development. He takes into account a broad spectrum of fac-tors, such as crucial international influences, the competition be-tween airports that has persisted since the interwar years, the role of the Swiss federal government, and issues concerning aircraft noise that emerged after the Second World War. In addition to to-day’s airports, this study also examines long-since discontinued facilities and important projects which were proposed but never completed, including the European central airport for interconti-nental seaplanes at Lake Constance, and the Swiss central airport at Bern-Utzenstorf and Lake Neuchâtel.
    Keywords: airfields and air traffic control ; history of airports ; Basel ; Bern ; Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt ; Flughafen Zürich ; Flugplatz ; Genf ; Schweiz ; Swissair ; Zürich ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: “Schule der Gesellschaft” Knowledge systems in Zurich educational practices between 1771 and 1834 The great social and political revolutions of 1798 and 1831 fueled efforts at radical restructuring of education policy. There were, however, gaps between the new norms and traditional local practices. Official and intellectual setting of new standards clashed with local and regional needs and conceptions of schooling. In a process of gradual adjustment, locally varying mixtures of new prescriptions and traditional approaches emerged. Making use of voluminous source material, consisting principally of answers to school surveys from 1771 and 1779, as well as reports of school authorities from 1834, the study provides a comparative view across several hundred Zurich schools. The author conveys a nuanced portrayal of educational practices at the turn of the 19th century. The results of the study reveal similarities in schooling approaches across the region, and show the societal knowledge system underlying them. Investigating schools requires examining the surrounding society as well.
    Keywords: school surveys ; education policy ; Curriculum (Pädagogik) ; Pfarrer ; Schulmeister ; Uster ; Winterthur ; Zürich ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: German
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