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  • 1
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Political science ; Wildlife ; Fish ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Political Science ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges Research Topics and Analytical Approaches. Part 1: Interdisciplinary Case Studies of Environmental Governance --- Chapter 2. Eutrophication and the Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 3. Fisheries: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 4. Biological Invasions: a Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 5. Governance of Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Region: A Study of Three Generations of Hazardous Substances --- Chapter 6. Oil Spills from Shipping: A Case Study of the Governance of Accidental Hazards and Intentional Pollution in the Baltic Sea --- Part 2: Cross-Case Analysis of Key Environmental Governance Challenges --- Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Baltic Sea Governance: Towards Increased Reflexivity? --- Chapter 8. Science-Policy Interfaces in Baltic Sea Environmental Governance: Towards Regional Cooperation and Management of Uncertainty? --- Chapter 9. Risk Communication and the Role of the Public: Towards Inclusive Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea? --- Chapter 10. Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 253 pages) , 10 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319270067
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Political science ; Wildlife ; Fish ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Political Science ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges Research Topics and Analytical Approaches. Part 1: Interdisciplinary Case Studies of Environmental Governance --- Chapter 2. Eutrophication and the Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 3. Fisheries: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 4. Biological Invasions: a Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 5. Governance of Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Region: A Study of Three Generations of Hazardous Substances --- Chapter 6. Oil Spills from Shipping: A Case Study of the Governance of Accidental Hazards and Intentional Pollution in the Baltic Sea --- Part 2: Cross-Case Analysis of Key Environmental Governance Challenges --- Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Baltic Sea Governance: Towards Increased Reflexivity? --- Chapter 8. Science-Policy Interfaces in Baltic Sea Environmental Governance: Towards Regional Cooperation and Management of Uncertainty? --- Chapter 9. Risk Communication and the Role of the Public: Towards Inclusive Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea? --- Chapter 10. Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 253 pages) , 10 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319270067
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Computer network architectures ; Political theory ; Public policy ; Political science ; Public administration ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Political Theory ; Public Policy ; Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary ; Political Science ; Public Administration
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is open access under a CC-BY license. Policy-making to address grand challenges faces greater complexity than any previous project of modernization. Future scenarios are haunted by uncertainty and there is real ambivalence as to the values that policy should strive for. In this situation decision-makers look to research and innovation to provide answers and solutions. But neither can the great transitions ahead be planned by science, nor will conventional methods of innovation bring such transitions about. A turn to interactive governance is therefore underway with policy-makers and citizens becoming increasingly involved in processes of deliberating futures. Technology Assessment (TA) is the art of structuring such processes. TA goes beyond traditional expert policy analysis by systematically combining a multi-disciplinary evidence base with participatory approaches to policy deliberation. TA thus seeks to act as a hub for serious and transparent dialogue between policy, industry, science, and society about the challenges ahead and the available options for overcoming them responsibly. This volume offers an up-to-date account of the expansion of technology assessment capacities across new European member states. The contributions of this volume are written by leading European researchers and practitioners in technology assessment (TA) and are based on the PACITA (Parliaments and Civil Society in Technology Assessment) project. Lars Klüver is Director of the Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark. Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen is Researcher at the Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark. Marie Louise Jørgensen is Project Manager at the Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 171 pages)
    ISBN: 9781137561725
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: social-decision making ; animal behavior ; behavioral ecology ; animal collective behavior ; animal SDM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 5
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    Pluto Press
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The Message is Murder analyses the violence bound up in the everyday functions of digital media. At its core is the concept of 'computational capital' - the idea that capitalism itself is a computer, turning qualities into quantities, and that the rise of digital culture and technologies under capitalism should be seen as an extension of capitalism's bloody logic. Engaging with Borges, Turing, Claude Shannon, Hitchcock and Marx, this book tracks computational capital to reveal the lineages of capitalised power as it has restructured representation, consciousness and survival in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Ultimately The Message is Murder makes the case for recognising media communications across all platforms - books, films, videos, photographs and even language itself - as technologies of political economy, entangled with the social contexts of a capitalism that is inherently racial, gendered and genocidal.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Capitalism ; Media Studies ; Marshall McLuhan ; Violence ; Borges ; Turing ; Claude Shannon ; Hitchcock ; Marx ; Computational Capital ; Power ; Digital Culture ; Political Economy ; Race & Ethnicity ; Gender ; Photography ; Racism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: The author is presenting a broadly structured study about the first fifty years of European integration, its geopolitical context and academic reflection. His study is based on the two-fold thesis that since a few years, the European Union is going through a process of its Second Founding while simultaneously changing its rationale.
    Keywords: Political Science ; eu ; european union ; integration ; european integration ; Member state of the European Union ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oligodendrocyte ; Schwann cell ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; myelin ; myelin repair ; axon physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Pluto Press | Pluto Press
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: Uncovering the rich heritage of common ownership which existed before the dominance of capitalist property relations, Giovanna Ricoveri argues that the subsistence commons of the past can be reinvented today to provide an alternative to the current destructive economic order. Ricoveri outlines the distinct features of common ownership as it has existed in history through cooperatives, sustainable use of natural resources and direct democracy. In doing so, she shows how it is possible to provide goods and services which are not commodities exchanged on the capitalistic market, something still demonstrated today in village communities across the global South. Tracing the erosion of the commons from the European enclosures at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution to the new enclosures of modern capitalism, the book concludes by arguing that a new commons is needed today. It will be essential reading for activists as well as students and academics in history, politics, economics and development studies.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Public Policy ; Environmental Policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book examines recent developments in political science research, by considering its new influences and its new challenges.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 13
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    Pluto Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Coming in the wake of intense political and academic debate on the nature and development of the Arab Uprisings, Gramsci on Tahrir zeroes in on the complex dynamic of Egypt's revolution and counter-revolution. It shows how a Gramscian understanding of the revolutionary process provides a powerful instrument for charting the possibilities for an emancipatory project by the Egyptian subaltern classes. Central to De Smet’s argument is Gramsci’s interpretation of ‘Caesarism’, an occasion in which two evenly matched political opponents reach a potentially catastrophic stalemate; such an interplay between these forces can only end in mutual destruction. In applying this to the Egyptian revolution, we see how the Egyptian state was bereft of strong hegemonies and the people were replete with capable counter-hegemonies. The current situation in Egypt demonstrates how both national histories and global power relations enable, define and displace popular resistance and social transformation.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Politics ; Social Movements ; Political Theory ; Antonio Gramsci ; Egypt ; Tahrir Square ; Political Activism ; Revolution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWQ Revolutionary groups and movements
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  • 14
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: For the first time, this book examines the comparative impact of the Obama administration on the NATO and defense policies of European allies. Germany, Poland and Turkey serve as case studies to evaluate American policies vis-à-vis NATO Europe. All three are representative for the Alliance in various ways. Thus, the results of this book offer an outlook for NATO Europe and the Alliance as a whole. Despite the fact that all three countries are highly dependent on American security guarantees in theory and practice, the results of this study reveal different national responses. Indeed, the book demonstrates multi-, bi-, and unilateralization attempts in reaction to US engagement in and vis-à-vis NATO Europe. Hence, a better understanding of current developments within the Alliance as well as the basis for the future debate about the transatlantic organisation are provided. Aylin Matlé works for the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.; most recently, she worked for the foundation's Israel office in Jerusalem. Previously, Aylin Matlé was a research associate at the chair of international relations and European politics at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
    Keywords: History ; Military ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 15
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The Netherlands played a remarkable role during the October War and the oil crisis of 1973. In secret, the Dutch government sent a substantial amount of ammunition and spare parts to Israel. The Dutch supported Israel also politically. Within the EC they vetoed a more pro-Arab policy. The Arab oil producing countries punished The Netherlands by imposing an oil embargo. The embargo against the Netherlands was intimidating. The Netherlands was dependent on Arab oil. The embargo seemed to threaten the Dutch position in the international oil sector. The government introduced several measures to reduce oil consumption. However, within two months it became clear that oil continued to arrive in Rotterdam. There was in fact no oil shortage in the Netherlands. The Netherlands even profited from the oil crisis. The energy situation in The Netherlands was much better than in other West European countries. The Dutch, therefore, rejected French plans for a more interventionist energy policy. Atlanticism and liberalism were the key words of the Dutch policy during the oil crisis. This book is the result of intensive research in all relevant Dutch archives. The authors had free access to all the files they wanted to see. They also used resources from other countries involved. Many politicians were interviewed. The result is a surprising analysis of the oil crisis of 1973, and of the Dutch role in particular. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics
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  • 16
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: It is used to say that the first victim of a war is the truth. In fact, in a war in the strict sense or in a political war, the murder of the truth and the concealment of the facts occur profusely. It is not different in Brazil. Democracy was neither the first nor the only victim of the parliamentary coup (a.k.a. impeachment) in 2016. It was also the truth. Before the coup, and to justify it, anti-people and anti-national forces broadcasted, to exhaustion, a series of lies about the governments of the Workers Party (PT). The presentation of Dilma Rousseff
    Keywords: Political Science ; History ; Latin American Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed new sensor technologies to support U.S. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan; these technologies are potentially useful for counterdrug operations along the southern U.S. border, but there are legal questions regarding how they may be used and how sensor information may be shared between federal agencies in domestic operations. This report examines federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions.
    Keywords: History ; Technology ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSW Emergency services::JKSW1 Police and security services ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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  • 18
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: U.S.-Turkish relations, long a vital element of U.S. policy, have seriously deteriorated in recent years. However, the arrival of a new U.S. administration offers an opportunity to repair recent fissures. Priority should be given to harmonizing policy toward Iraq and the Middle East as well as Central Asia and the Caucasus.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols
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  • 19
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: resting-state fMRI ; fMRI denoising ; vascular modulation ; head motion ; arousal ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 20
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 21
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    Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: Was sind die gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen der Europäischen Union? Wie reagiert sie auf internationale Veränderungen und Krisen? Und wie antwortet sie auf ihre Kritiker in den Mitgliedsstaaten? 16 Beiträge von internationalen Experten geben auf diese Fragen eine Antwort.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Comparative Politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics
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  • 22
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    University of Hawai'i Press
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Farmers in the Forest, while using examples chiefly from northern Thailand, is concerned with complex problems found in all tropical countries. In these areas rapid population growth, increasing demands for food, and burgeoning international markets for forest products and other raw materials are associated with active competition for land and natural resources in upland areas. This book brings together studies by administrators, agronomists, anthropologists, forest ecologists, geographers and jurists, who describe a variety of swidden systems and their effect on soil, forest, society, and economy. They point to conflicts between traditional farming systems and modern legal and administrative constraints now being imposed, and they describe special and technological conditions that contribute to a marginal, stagnant upland economy, increasing socio-economic disparities with the lowlands, and the serious ecological consequences of these conditions. Several possible solutions are suggested to solve these problems.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Anthropology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 23
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: A Continent Moving West? argues that the conceptualization of migration as a one-way or long-term process is becoming increasingly wide of the mark. Rather, east-west labor migration in Europe, in common perhaps with other flows in and from other parts of the world, is diverse, fluid, and influenced by the dynamics of local and sector-specific labor markets and migration-related political regulations. The papers in this book contribute to critical understanding of the east-west migration within the European Union after the 2004 enlargement, from the new to the old member states.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: As recent events in Iraq demonstrate, countries that have suffered civil war or rule by military regime can face a long, difficult transition to peaceful democracy. Drawing on the experiences of Bosnia, Haiti, Rwanda and Afghanistan, this outstanding volume demonstrates that newly emerging democracies need more than emergency economic support: restoring the rule of law can involve the training of a new police force, for example, or the creation of an international war crimes tribunal. Concluding with specific recommendations for the UN and EU members,Voorhoeve reminds us that disregard for human rights or delay in civilian reconciliation can lead to resurgences of violence. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
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  • 25
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    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Black Gold and Blackmail seeks to explain why great powers adopt such different strategies to protect their oil access from politically motivated disruptions. In extreme cases, such as Imperial Japan in 1941, great powers fought wars to grab oil territory in anticipation of a potential embargo by the Allies; in other instances, such as Germany in the early Nazi period, states chose relatively subdued measures like oil alliances or domestic policies to conserve oil. What accounts for this variation? Fundamentally, it is puzzling that great powers fear oil coercion at all because the global market makes oil sanctions very difficult to enforce. Rosemary A. Kelanic argues that two variables determine what strategy a great power will adopt: the petroleum deficit, which measures how much oil the state produces domestically compared to what it needs for its strategic objectives; and disruptibility, which estimates the susceptibility of a state's oil imports to military interdiction—that is, blockade. Because global markets undercut the effectiveness of oil sanctions, blockade is in practice the only true threat to great power oil access. That, combined with the devastating consequences of oil deprivation to a state's military power, explains why states fear oil coercion deeply despite the adaptive functions of the market. Together, these two variables predict a state's coercive vulnerability, which determines how willing the state will be to accept the costs and risks attendant on various potential strategies. Only those great powers with large deficits and highly disruptible imports will adopt the most extreme strategy: direct control of oil through territorial conquest.
    Keywords: Political Science ; International Relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: This book examines the Army's role in the war on terrorism; the Army's homeland security needs; the implications of increased emphasis on Asia; the Army's role in coalition operations; the unfinished business of jointness-the lessons learned from operations and how to prepare for the future; the Army's deployability, logistical, and personnel challenges; and whether the Army can afford its Transformation. These examinations are bracketed by an introduction, a description of the Army's place in the new national security strategy, and a summary of the authors' conclusions.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JW Warfare & defence
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: California’s Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act provides funds for counties to offer evidence-based programs for high-need juvenile probationers and at-risk youth. This report, based on the annual report to the state legislature, outlines the program’s success for six outcome measures (completion of probation, restitution, and community service; arrests; probation violations; and incarcerations) and county-required supplemental outcomes.
    Keywords: Law ; History ; Political Science ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNF Criminal law: procedure and offences::LNFQ Juvenile criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSW Emergency services::JKSW1 Police and security services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Drawing from 140 recently declassified documents, this report comprehensively examines the organization, territorial designs, management, personnel policies, and finances of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and al-Qa‘ida in Iraq. Analysis of the Islamic State predecessor groups is more than a historical recounting. It provides significant understanding of how ISI evolved into the present-day Islamic State and how to combat the group.
    Keywords: Political Science ; History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle
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  • 32
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurodegeneration ; Peptides ; cognitive ; model ; Parkinson's disease ; database ; transgenic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 33
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: On September 11, 2001, the United States was without a plan for military operations in Afghanistan. One was quickly created by the Defense Department and operations began October 7. The Taliban was toppled in less than two months. This report describes preparations at CENTCOM and elsewhere, Army operations and support activities, building a coalition, and civil-military operations in Afghanistan from October 2001 through June 2002.
    Keywords: History ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWK Military and defence strategy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 35
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Brainstem monoamine neurons ; locus coeruleus ; emotion ; pain ; morphometry ; amphetamine derivatives ; sleep ; gaze ; trigeminal nerve ; microglia. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book offers a provocative account of interdisciplinary research across the neurosciences, social sciences and humanities. Setting itself against standard accounts of interdisciplinary 'integration,' and rooting itself in the authors' own experiences, the book establishes a radical agenda for collaboration across these disciplines. Rethinking Interdisciplinarity does not merely advocate interdisciplinary research, but attends to the hitherto tacit pragmatics, affects, power dynamics, and spatial logics in which that research is enfolded. Understanding the complex relationships between brains, minds, and environments requires a delicate, playful and genuinely experimental interdisciplinarity, and this book shows us how it can be done.
    Keywords: neurosciences ; interdisciplinarity ; social sciences ; interdisciplinary research ; integration ; humanities ; Des Fitzgerald ; Epistemology ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 37
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a member of the protein family known as neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in supporting healthy brain function, which includes synaptic plasticity, cellular differentiation, learning, and the survival of nerve cells. Neuronal plasticity refers to the nervous system’s ability to adapt and respond to environmental conditions, involving various structural and functional mechanisms that can lead to changes in neural circuits, the formation of new synapses, and the generation of fresh neurons. BDNF has emerged as a significant regulator of neuronal plasticity. It is worth noting that the pathophysiological processes underlying central nervous system disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, are influenced by BDNF. Due to its robust neuroprotective properties and recently discovered anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics, BDNF has long been considered a potential candidate for preventing neurodegeneration. In the context of autism spectrum disorder, BDNF holds great promise as a central focus for therapeutic efforts. Its significance extends to the field of spinal cord injury, where it assumes a multifaceted role in the intricate pathophysiological processes at play. BDNF functions as a catalyst for the growth of axons, a crucial step in the restoration of the nervous system following damage. In the context of sepsis, research into the potential of BDNF’s anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate organ damage is quite noteworthy. Additionally, current findings suggest that combining exercise with vitamin D may offer a promising approach to increase BDNF levels and improve brain health. This book presents comprehensive information on BDNF and its role in promoting neuroprotection. The chapters offer insights into recent developments, molecular principles, and innovative therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders and brain health.
    Keywords: bdnf ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; biomarker ; sepsis ; ketamine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 40
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book describes the latest advances in the anal incontinence diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Anal incontinence is a devastating condition heavily impacting on the patients’ lives. Those suffering from this disorder are generally very embarrassed and reluctant to undergo an appropriate clinical evaluation, thus becoming more isolated and worsening the quality of their life. Luckily, nowadays a wide range of treatments is available to improve this oppressive condition; however, the recognition of the related pathophysiological alterations is mandatory to grant its successful management. This volume will help the surgeons community to keep abreast of developments in diagnostics and treatment of this impairing condition. and will provide all health professionals with the appropriate tools to face this impairing condition.
    Keywords: Continence mechanism ; Fecal incontinence ; Pelviperineal disorders ; Anal sphincter ; Continence Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJH Gastroenterology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJS Urology and urogenital medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKS Medical imaging::MKSH Medical imaging: radiology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 42
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    Brookings Institution Press
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: In this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O’Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war with Russia. He believes NATO expansion has gone far enough. The core concept of this new security architecture would be one of permanent neutrality. The countries in question collectively make a broken-up arc, from Europe’s far north to its south: Finland and Sweden; Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus; Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; and finally Cyprus plus Serbia, as well as possibly several other Balkan states. Discussion on the new framework should begin within NATO, followed by deliberation with the neutral countries themselves, and then formal negotiations with Russia.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Security Politics ; NATO ; Western Nations ; Russia ; International Relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 45
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    European Investment Bank | European Investment Bank
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: EU Cohesion Policy aims to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion across the European Union and to correct imbalances between countries and regions. The green and digital transition are key priorities of Cohesion Policy for the next years. Cohesion support 2021-2027 is focused on five key policy objectives to support growth: A more competitive and smarter Europe A greener, low-carbon transition towards a net zero carbon economy A more connected Europe by enhancing mobility A more social and inclusive Europe A Europe closer to citizens by fostering the sustainable and integrated development of all types of territories. EU funds will support investment across these policy objectives with a particular focus on a smart and green Europe. However, the COVID-19 pandemic risks deepening divergences between citizens, territories and firms. Firms across the EU will need to adapt to the post-pandemic environment and megatrends, notably digitalization and climate change, to stay competitive looking ahead. The EU has committed to a joint recovery centered on fostering the transition towards a greener and smarter economy across the EU. The extent to which this will mitigate the risks of rising inequalities and divergences across firms depends not least on support for cohesion. Data coming from the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) provides a unique tool to gain insights on how non-financial corporates in cohesion and non-cohesion regions are behaving. EIBIS information sheds new light on investment needs and gaps, financing requirements as well as firm activity on innovation, digitalization and climate change.
    Keywords: Political Science ; International Relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
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  • 46
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    University of New Orleans Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This volume celebrates the study of Austria in the twentieth century by historians, political scientists and social scientists produced in the previous twenty-four volumes of Contemporary Austrian Studies. One contributor from each of the previous volumes has been asked to update the state of scholarship in the field addressed in the respective volume. The title Austrian Studies Today, then, attempts to reflect the state of the art of historical and social science related studies of Austria over the past century, without claiming to be comprehensive. The volume thus covers many important themes of Austrian contemporary history and politics since the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918―from World War I and its legacies, to the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s and 1940s, to the reconstruction of republican Austria after World War II, the years of Grand Coalition governments and the Kreisky era, all the way to Austria joining the European Union in 1995 and its impact on Austria's international status and domestic politics.
    Keywords: History ; Political Science ; European Studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: In the face of Islam's own internal struggles, it is not easy to see who we should support and how. This report provides detailed descriptions of subgroups, their stands on various issues, and what those stands may mean for the West. Since the outcomes can matter greatly to international community, that community might wish to influence them by providing support to appropriate actors. The author recommends a mixed approach of providing specific types of support to those who can influence the outcomes in desirable ways.
    Keywords: Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Freedom of movement (FoM) is the actual or perceived degree to which individuals or groups can move from place to place within a given environment or into and out of that environment. Focusing specifically on Afghanistan, this examination considers actual and perceived FoM for a range of groups and profiles the factors that influence them and affect data reporting in potentially misleading ways.
    Keywords: Political Science ; History ; Technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWK Military and defence strategy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSH Espionage and secret services ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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  • 49
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book examines the strategic choices that American and Chinese decisionmakers face regarding sea power in the Western Pacific, shaped by geography, history, technology, and politics. In particular, the author explores the potential for cooperation on maritime security in the Western Pacific, and how the United States might pursue such cooperation as part of a broader strategy to advance its interests in the region.
    Keywords: History ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWC Military forces and sectors::JWCK Naval forces and warfare ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    African Sun Media | Sun Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: At the time of his death in August 2012 Neville Alexander was undoubtedly one of South Africa’s foremost proponents of the philosophy of non-racialism. He had devoted his life to fighting against the evils of racism, sexism and economic injustice. He understood how these social realities not only divided but also ranked human beings in terms of human worth and value. He saw how these realities diminished the whole society, both the perpetrators and victims. And so he gave over his life as a scholar and a political activist to challenging these realities. This volume brings together the reflections of a group of activists and scholars on the significance of Neville Alexander to the cause of freedom and justice in South Africa. The reflections are essentially the keynote speeches and the responses to them that were made at a conference in Alexander’s honour held at the Centre for Non-Racialism and Democracy at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in July 2013.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
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    Fordham University Press
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Okinawan life, at the crossroads of American militarism and Japanese capitalism, embodies a fundamental contradiction to the myth of the monoethnic state. Suspended in a state of exception, Okinawans have never been officially classified as colonial subjects of the Japanese empire or the United States, nor have they ever been treated as equal citizens of Japan. As a result, they live amid one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases in the world. By bringing Foucauldian biopolitics into conversation with Japanese Marxian theorizations of capitalism, Alegal uncovers Japan's determination to protect its middle class from the racialized sexual contact around its mainland bases by displacing them onto Okinawa, while simultaneously upholding Okinawa as a symbol of the infringement of Japanese sovereignty figured in terms of a patriarchal monoethnic state. This symbolism, however, has provoked ambivalence within Okinawa. In base towns that facilitated encounters between G.I.s and Okinawan women, the racial politics of the United States collided with the postcolonial politics of the Asia Pacific. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and memoir on base-town life since 1945, Shimabuku traces a continuing failure to "become Japanese." What she discerns instead is a complex politics surrounding sex work, tipping with volatility along the razor's edge between insurgency and collaboration. At stake in sovereign power's attempt to secure Okinawa as a military fortress was the need to contain alegality itself-that is, a life force irreducible to the legal order. If biopolitics is the state's attempt to monopolize life, then Alegal is a story about how borderland actors reclaimed the power of life for themselves. In addition to scholars of Japan and Okinawa, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in postcolonialism, militarism, mixed-race studies, gender and sexuality, or the production of sovereignty in the modern world. Alegal is available from the publisher on an open-access basis.
    Keywords: Sociology ; History ; Asian Studies ; Political Science ; Language & Literature ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTQ Colonialism & imperialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: The United Kingdom Ministry of Defence's Fixed Wing Sector Strategy Board commissioned RAND Europe to assist in the development of a strategy and sustainment plan for the military fixed wing sector. RAND focused on the health and sustainment of key skills in the sector's industrial base. This monograph describes the qualitative and quantitative methodologies that the RAND team followed and summarises its findings and recommendations.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Business ; Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCS Economic systems & structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: While security budgets shrink, passenger loads grow, and hostility towards security procedures increases, terrorist groups such as al Qaeda remain obsessed with attacking airplanes. In the face of these challenges and real, innovative threats, the author proposes a mechanism for conducting an independent re-examination of the strategy behind current aviation security policies and procedures—before disaster strikes.
    Keywords: Transportation Studies ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNG Transport industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WG Transport: general interest::WGM Aircraft: general interest
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Migration; Population Economics; European Law; Political Science
    Keywords: Migration ; Population Economics ; European Law ; Political Science
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Deterrence of nuclear use through the threat of retaliation could be highly problematic in many plausible conflict scenarios with nuclear-armed regional adversaries. This could compel U.S. leaders to temper their military and political objectives if they come into conflict with these states. This book examines the reasons behind this important shift in the international security environment and its strategic and force planning implications.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Brexit is a tale of two unions, not one: the British and the European unions. Their origins are different, but both struggle to maintain unity in diversity and both have to face the challenge of populism and claims of democratic deficit. Mark Corner suggests that the »four nations« that make up the UK can only survive as part of a single nation-state, if the country looks more sympathetically at the very European structures from which it has chosen to detach itself. This study addresses both academic and lay audiences interested in the current situation of the UK, particularly the strains raised by devolution and Brexit.
    Keywords: Brexit ; Constitution ; European Union ; Politics ; Europe ; Cultural History ; International Relations ; European Politics ; Democracy ; Political System ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions::JPSN2 EU & European institutions ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: binding ; perception ; multi-scale timing ; temporal coupling ; mutual information ; time-dimension in the brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: older adults ; interventional strategies ; quality of life ; health span ; neuroscience of aging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Edinburgh University Press | Edinburgh University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: A wide range of actors have publicly identified cyber stability as a key policy goal but the meaning of stability in the context of cyber policy remains vague and contested. Vague because most policymakers and experts do not define cyber stability when they use the concept. Contested because they propose measures that rely – often implicitly – on divergent understandings of cyber stability. This volume is a thorough investigation of instability within cyberspace and of cyberspace itself. Its purpose is to reconceptualise stability and instability for cyberspace, highlight their various dimensions and thereby identify relevant policy measures. This book critically examines both ‘classic’ notions associated with stability – for example, whether cyber operations can lead to unwanted escalation – as well as topics that have so far not been addressed in the existing cyber literature, such as the application of a decolonial lens to investigate Euro-American conceptualisations of stability in cyberspace.
    Keywords: Political Science ; International Relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Congress enacted the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) in 2002, in response to terrorism insurance becoming unavailable or extremely costly in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. TRIA is set to expire at the end of 2014, and Congress is considering the appropriate government role in terrorism insurance markets. This policy brief examines the potential national security implications of allowing TRIA to expire.
    Keywords: Political Science ; History ; Business ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KF Finance & accounting::KFF Finance::KFFN Insurance & actuarial studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJK History of the Americas ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Pluto Books
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: @ is For Activism examines the transformation of politics through digital media, including digital television, online social networking and mobile computing. Joss Hands maps out how political relationships have been reconfigured and new modes of cooperation, deliberation and representation have emerged. This analysis is applied to the organisation and practice of alternative politics, showing how they have developed and embraced the new political and technological environment. Hands offers a comprehensive critical survey of existing literature, as well as an original perspective on networks and political change. He includes many case studies including the anti-war and global justice movements, peer production, user created TV and 'Twitter' activism. @ is For Activism is essential for activists and students of politics and media.
    Keywords: Computer Science ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: American geopolitical interests and the potential threats to those interests are both on the rise in East Africa. The author places the spread of militant Islamism and the development of radical Islamist networks in East Africa in the broader context of the social, economic, and political factors that have shaped the region's security environment.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: How do conflicts escalate? This is one of the major questions in conflict research. To offer further answers, Richard Bösch follows a tripartite agenda: First, he develops a constructivist methodology for the study of conflict escalation embedded in a Luhmannian systems theoretical world society perspective. Bösch argues that conflicts can be observed as social systems and he looks at the process of conflict escalation by analysing communication. Second, this analysis offers two case studies: the Maidan protests in Ukraine 2013-2014 and Mali's crisis 2010-2012. Third, it gives insights on how systems theoretical research can be beneficial for Peace and Conflict Studies.
    Keywords: World Society ; Conflict Escalation ; Systems Theory ; Communication ; Conflict Research ; Politics ; Violence ; Globalization ; Conflict Studies ; International Relations ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTJ Peace studies & conflict resolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Restrictions on academic freedom, persecution and armed conflict have forced many scholars into exile. So far, the professional trajectories of these scholars and their contributions to knowledge exchange have not been studied comprehensively. The contributors to this volume address the situations and networks of scholars in exile, the challenges they face in their host countries and the opportunities they use. These issues are highly relevant to discussions about the moral economies of higher education institutions and support programs. Although the contributions largely focus on Germany as a host country, they also offer telling examples of forced mobility in the Global South, including both contemporary and historical perspectives.
    Keywords: Exile ; Migration ; Displaced Scholars ; Knowledge Exchange ; Academic Freedom ; Science ; Politics ; Sociology of Science ; University ; Refugee Studies ; Educational Policy ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this book we have experts writing on various neuroscience topics ranging from mental illness, syndromes, compulsive disorders, brain cancer and advances in therapies and imaging techniques. Although diverse, the topics provide an overview of an array of diseases and their underlying causes, as well as advances in the treatment of these ailments. This book includes three chapters dedicated to neurodegenerative diseases, undoubtedly a group of diseases of huge socio-economic importance due to the number of people currently suffering from this type of disease but also the prediction of a huge increase in the number of people becoming afflicted. The book also includes a chapter on the molecular and cellular aspects of brain cancer, a disease which is still amongst the least treatable of cancers.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: What can the United States learn from other militaries about how better to prepare for full-spectrum operations and deployments? The authors examine the militaries of China, France, the UK, India, and Israel to (1) identify different approaches to readiness, adaptability, and operational issues and (2) assess the ways in which units are trained both for specific and general deployments and for train, advise, and assist missions.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Business ; Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: By comparing modern counterinsurgency doctrine and operations to those of 1960s, this paper tests and ultimately disproves the assumption that doctrine as written and operations as conducted are tightly linked. Ingrained organizational concepts and beliefs have a much greater influence on operations than written doctrine, and altering these beliefs will require the U.S. military to reorient itself mentally as well as physically.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JW Warfare & defence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Individuals may have to rely on themselves to protect their own health and safety--perhaps even their own lives--in the event of a terrorist attack. Even those who know how to take care of themselves in the event of a fire, tornado, or earthquake might not know what to do in case of a chemical, radiological, nuclear, or biological attack. This quick guide attempts to fill in some of these gaps by offering specific actions to take during each of these situations, as well as preparations that can be taken. These actions are appropriate regardless of the likelihood of an attack, its scale, or the current government alert level; are designed to be sensitive to potential variations; and have been defined in terms of simple rules that should be easy to follow. A reference card included at the back of the guide encapsulates the key points and can be removed for display in a prominent place.
    Keywords: Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Does the fact that the majority of Turkey's population is Muslim form a hindrance to its EU membership? According to a recent policy advice by the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR), the answer is an adamant 'no'. Why is this issue of Turkish Islam relevant? After all, Turkey should not be judged by standards other than the Copenhagen criteria. The answer is that the public debate outside 'Brussels' will not be limited to these official criteria. Many people in Europe are worried about Turkey's 'Islam factor'. They believe that Muslims are (potentially violent) fundamentalists who want to establish a theocracy. By explicitly examining the role of Turkish Islam and Muslims in Turkey, the WRR wants to contribute to a well-informed European public debate on Turkey's accession. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Sociology ; Religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRL Aspects of religion (non-Christian)::HRLB Theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVG Theology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
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    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Even leaving aside the vast death and suffering that it wrought on indigenous populations, German ambitions to transform Southwest Africa in the early part of the twentieth century were futile for most. For years colonists wrestled ocean waters, desert landscapes, and widespread aridity as they tried to reach inland in their effort of turning outwardly barren lands into a profitable settler colony. In his innovative environmental history, Martin Kalb outlines the development of the colony up to World War I, deconstructing the common settler narrative, all to reveal the importance of natural forces and the Kaisereich’s everyday violence.
    Keywords: History ; Africa ; West ; Political Science ; Colonialism & Post-colonialism ; Nature ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest
    Language: English
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    Duncker & Humblot
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This volume represents some of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Research Committee on Development Economics (Ausschuss für Entwicklungsländer) of the German Economic Association (Verein für Socialpolitik) held in Cologne, Germany, in July 2004. The meeting focused on the effectiveness of, and new approaches in, development cooperation. Both issues have become increasingly important in recent years in view of the declining volume of budget funds allocated to development cooperation. The papers discussing the effectiveness of foreign aid shed new light on the issue at a crucial moment where economists have begun to question the recent consensus that the productivity of aid mainly depends on the recipient country's policy environment. As far as the contributions dealing with new approaches in development cooperation are concerned, these are centred on a closer integration of the private sector, by joint action with so-called lead firms in production networks on the one hand, and the mobilization of additional financial resources from international capital markets for bilateral development cooperation, on the other. The authors also make suggestions concerning critical aspects relevant for implementation. The last part of this volume is dedicated to an assessment of low-income countries' pension schemes based on the human capital approach.This volume represents some of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Research Committee on Development Economics (Ausschuss für Entwicklungsländer) of the German Economic Association (Verein für Socialpolitik) held in Cologne, Germany, in July 2004. The meeting focused on the effectiveness of, and new approaches in, development cooperation. Both issues have become increasingly important in recent years in view of the declining volume of budget funds allocated to development cooperation. The papers discussing the effectiveness of foreign aid shed new light on the issue at a crucial moment where economists have begun to question the recent consensus that the productivity of aid mainly depends on the recipient country's policy environment. As far as the contributions dealing with new approaches in development cooperation are concerned, these are centred on a closer integration of the private sector, by joint action with so-called lead firms in production networks on the one hand, and the mobilization of additional financial resources from international capital markets for bilateral development cooperation, on the other. The authors also make suggestions concerning critical aspects relevant for implementation. The last part of this volume is dedicated to an assessment of low-income countries' pension schemes based on the human capital approach.
    Keywords: Business ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJK International business ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
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    Pluto Press | Pluto Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Is today’s left really new? How has the European radical left evolved? Giorgos Charalambous answers these questions by looking at three moments of rapid political change - the late 1960s to late 1970s; the turn of the millennium; and post-2008. He challenges the conventional understanding of a 'new left', drawing out continuities with earlier movements and parties. Charalambous examines the 'Long '68', symbolised by the May uprisings in France, which saw the rise of new left forces and the widespread criticism by younger radical activists of traditional communist and socialist parties. He puts this side by side with the turn of the millennium when the Global Justice Movement rose to prominence and changed the face of the international left, and also the period after the financial crash of 2008 and the rise of anti-austerity politics which initiated the most recent wave of new left parties such as Podemos in Spain and Syriza in Greece. With a unique 'two-level' perspective, Charalambous approaches the left through both social movements and party politics, looking at identities, rhetoric and organisation, and bringing a fresh new approach to radical history, as well as assessing challenges for both activists and scholars.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Political Process ; Political Parties ; Political Science ; Political Process ; Political Advocacy ; Political Science ; Political Ideologies ; Communism, Post-communism & Socialism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPL Political parties and party platforms ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFC Far-left political ideologies and movements
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The autonomic nervous system is one of the most important involuntary control mechanisms that primarily controls and modulates the functions of the visceral organs. The book discusses some of the specificities of the autonomic nervous system in terms of dendritic development in the sympathetic compartment, as well as a detailed description of noradrenergic groups and their key role in the modulation of all antinociceptive and autonomic responses elicited by painful or threatening situations. In the book, only those cases are mentioned that are closely related to disorders or changes of function of the autonomic nervous system. This book can evoke interest in many researchers who want to use the information for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of the autonomic regulatory mechanisms.
    Keywords: inflammation, sepsis, heart rate variability, analgesia, ischemia, arrhythmias ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Structural MRI ; functional MRI ; cognitive deficits ; depression ; anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Andrew Podger's monograph, The Role of Departmental Secretaries, Personal reflections on the breadth of responsibilities today, is an important contribution to the broader public policy discourse in Australia. Andrew has been, at times, an unflinching commentator on issues of bureaucratic performance, accountability and responsiveness to government. Andrew's reflections are drawn from his own experiences within the inner circle of Australian policy-making. In this monograph, he presents a highly nuanced portrait of the role of Commonwealth departmental secretaries. Although a 'player' himself at key moments in recent policy history, Andrew is a dispassionate and thoughtful observer of events. This is not merely a memoir: this work is rich in analysis and Andrew offers a number of 'lessons learned' to be heeded (or not) by the present and future generations of policy practitioners.
    Keywords: Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: synapse ; plasticity ; electrophysiology ; microscopy ; optogenetics ; methods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: To Be Unfree is a collection of essays investigating how political unfreedom has been and can be articulated within the republican tradition of political thought. The book combines a theoretical discussion of how freedom and its opposites have been conceptualized in the republican tradition with a broader perspective on this tradition's impact on the representation of unfreedom in Western literature and cultural history. It thus complicates our understanding of what it means to be unfree and unveils a series of distinctions which also shape our modern notions of freedom.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Republicanism ; Political Theory ; History ; Liberty ; Cultural History ; Politics ; Political Philosophy ; Political Ideologies ; Political Science ; Democracy ; Hannah Arendt ; Quakers ; Thomas Hobbes ; Unfreedom ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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    V&R unipress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The history of decolonization is usually written backward, as if the end-point (a world of juridically equivalent nation-states) was known from the start. But the routes out of colonial empire appear more varied. Some Africans sought equal rights within empire, others to federate among themselves; some sought independence. In London or Paris, officials realized they had to reform colonial empires, but not necessarily give them up. The idea of “development” became a way to assert that empires could be made both more productive and more legitimate. Frederick Cooper explores how these alternative possibilities narrowed between 1945 and approximately 1960.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Colonialism & Post-colonialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book brings together a roster of prominent contributors to present a strategic interactionist perspective on the study of contentious politics in the Middle East in response to the Arab uprisings. The common thread among the contributions is an interest in the micro-level interactions between various strategic players, including not only the mobilisation of protestors during the uprisings but also the responses of regimes. The book also examines short to medium-term adaptations of the regimes and the collective action of opponents in the post-uprisings period, as well as the subsequent trajectories of the protesters themselves in the face of new forms of authoritarianism or democratisation.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Peacebuilding ; International Relations ; United Nations ; UN Peace Missions ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: axon degeneration ; Neuropathy ; Glaucoma ; Mitochondrial dysfunction ; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ; Mitochondria ; tau ; axon transport ; Neuroinflammation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients†themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Changes in technology and adversary behavior will invariably produce new threats that must be assessed by defense and homeland security planners. An example of such a novel threat is the use of cruise missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by terrorist groups. Individual threats cannot be assessed in isolation, however, since adversaries always have many options for staging attacks. To examine this threat, RAND utilized a ?red analysis of alternatives? approach, wherein the benefits, costs, and risks of different options are considered from the point of view of a potential adversary. For several types of attacks, the suitability of these systems was compared against other options. This approach can help defense planners understand how the capabilities that different attack modes provide address key adversary operational problems. Given the insights this analysis produced about when these systems would likely be preferred by an attacker, RAND explored defensive options to address the threat. UAVs and cruise missiles represent a ?niche threat? within a larger threat context; therefore, defenses were sought that provide common protection against both this and other asymmetric threats. The monograph concludes with a discussion of cross-cutting lessons about this threat and the assessment of novel threats in general.
    Keywords: Technology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Since the 2011 revolution in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood has emerged as a key political player. Although individuals under the age of 35 make up a large share of the membership, the group’s strict hierarchy has led to disaffection among its youth. These members merit attention not only as a challenge to the Brotherhood’s organizational cohesion, but as a potential conduit for expanding U.S. engagement with the group.
    Keywords: History ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
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    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The Consequences of Humiliation explores the nature of national humiliation and its impact on foreign policy. Joslyn Barnhart demonstrates that Germany's catastrophic reaction to humiliation at the end of World War I is part of a broader pattern: states that experience humiliating events are more likely to engage in international aggression aimed at restoring the state's image in its own eyes and in the eyes of others. Barnhart shows that these states also pursue conquest, intervene in the affairs of other states, engage in diplomatic hostility and verbal discord, and pursue advanced weaponry and other symbols of national resurgence at higher rates than non-humiliated states in similar foreign policy contexts. Her examination of how national humiliation functions at the individual level explores leaders' domestic incentives to evoke a sense of national humiliation. As a result of humiliation on this level, the effects may persist for decades, if not centuries, following the original humiliating event.
    Keywords: Political Science ; International Relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive neuroscience establishing causal links between voluntary brain activations and cognition and behavior, and as potential novel approaches for clinical applications in severe neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson´s disease, etc.). Current developments of brain imaging-based neurofeedback include the study of the behavioral modifications and neural reorganization produced by learned regulation of the activity of circumscribed brain regions and neuronal network activations. In a rapidly developing field, many open questions and controversies have arisen, i.e. choosing the proper experimental design, the adequate use of control conditions and subjects, the mechanism of learning involved in brain self-regulation, and the still unexplored potential long-lasting effect on brain reorganization and clinical alleviation, among others. This special issue on self-regulation of the brain of emotion and attention using NF approaches interested authors to report technical and methodological advances, scientific investigations in understanding the relation between brain activity and behaviour using NF, and finally studies developing clinical treatment of emotional and attentional disorders. The editors of this special issue anticipate rapid developments in this emerging field.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; emotion ; Attention ; real-time fMRI ; Neuromodulation ; Neurofeedback ; brain-machine interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: anger ; aggression ; violence ; aggressive behaviors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This research was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the relationship between deception and the urban environment, first to explore the power of deception when employed against U.S. forces in urban operations, and second to evaluate the potential value of deception when used by U.S. forces in urban operations.
    Keywords: Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: A core finding of previous RAND research on 30 years of insurgencies worldwide was that a conflict's overall score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 12 equally weighted bad counterinsurgency factors and practices perfectly predicted the ultimate outcome. Using the scorecard approach and an expert elicitation (Delphi) exercise, a RAND project sought to extend the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2011.
    Keywords: Technology ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNA Database design and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Community resilience, or the sustained ability of a community to withstand and recover from adversity, has become a key policy issue. This report provides a roadmap for federal, state, and local leaders who are developing plans to enhance community resilience for health security threats and describes options for building community resilience in key areas.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Health Sciences ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters
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    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: This book addresses the issues of radicalism and terrorism, which are of exceptional importance and relevance in contemporary society. Each of the two phenomena are analyzed from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book contains articles which explore legal, political, psychological, economic and social aspects of radicalism and terrorism. A portion of the contributions are of a theoretical nature, they constitute an attempt at constructing analytical frameworks for studies on the two phenomena. There are also studies of particular cases, such as radicalism in Poland and in Spain, as well as within the European Union as a whole. This collective work is a response to the need for analyses of two issues which are increasingly responsible for determining the level of security which characterizes the contemporary world.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Political Science ; Counter-terrorism ; European Union ; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ; Poland ; Radicalization ; Spain ; Terrorism
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This monograph examines prewar planning efforts for the reconstruction of postwar Iraq. It then examines the role of U.S. military forces after major combat officially ended on May 1, 2003, through June 2004. Finally, it examines civilian efforts at reconstruction, focusing on the activities of the Coalition Provisional Authority and its efforts to rebuild structures of governance, security forces, economic policy, and essential services.
    Keywords: Technology ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oxidative stress ; inflammation ; apoptosis ; nutraceuticals ; drug delivery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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