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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Univ. Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2020-10-07
    Description: Central stars of planetary nebulae are low-mass stars on the brink of their final evolution towards white dwarfs. Because of their surface temperature of above 25,000 K their UV radiation ionizes the surrounding material, which was ejected in an earlier phase of their evolution. Such fluorescent circumstellar gas is called a "Planetary Nebula". About one-tenth of the Galactic central stars are hydrogen-deficient. Generally, the surface of these central stars is a mixture of helium, carbon, and oxygen resulting from partial helium burning. Moreover, most of them have a strong stellar wind, similar to massive Pop-I Wolf-Rayet stars, and are in analogy classified as [WC]. The brackets distinguish the special type from the massive WC stars.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TEG 000 ; Kosmogonie {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 102 S.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Supernovae are known to be the dominant energy source for driving turbulence in the interstellar medium. Yet, their effect on magnetic field amplification in spiral galaxies is still poorly understood. Analytical models based on the uncorrelated-ensemble approach predicted that any created field will be expelled from the disk before a significant amplification can occur. By means of direct simulations of supernova-driven turbulence, we demonstrate that this is not the case. Accounting for vertical stratification and galactic differential rotation, we find an exponential amplification of the mean field on timescales of 100Myr. The self-consistent numerical verification of such a fast dynamo is highly beneficial in explaining the observed strong magnetic fields in young galaxies. We, furthermore, highlight the importance of rotation in the generation of helicity by showing that a similar mechanism based on Cartesian shear does not lead to a sustained amplification of the mean magnetic field. This finding impressively confirms the classical picture of a dynamo based on cyclonic turbulence ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THR 000 ; THU 162 ; Elektrische und magnetische Felder {Sterne} ; Supernovae {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 109 S.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sun is a star, which due to its proximity has a tremendous influence on Earth. Since its very first days mankind tried to "understand the Sun", and especially in the 20th century science has uncovered many of the Sun's secrets by using high resolution observations and describing the Sun by means of models. As an active star the Sun's activity, as expressed in its magnetic cycle, is closely related to the sunspot numbers. Flares play a special role, because they release large energies on very short time scales. They are correlated with enhanced electromagnetic emissions all over the spectrum. Furthermore, flares are sources of energetic particles. Hard X-ray observations (e.g., by NASA's RHESSI spacecraft) reveal that a large fraction of the energy released during a flare is transferred into the kinetic energy of electrons. However the mechanism that accelerates a large number of electrons to high energies (beyond 20 keV) within fractions of a second is not understood yet.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGC 560 ; TGC 440 ; Eruptionen, Flares {Astronomie: Sonne} ; Korpuskelstrahlung {Sonne}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 122 S.
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Univ. Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The intergalactic medium is kept highly photoionised by the intergalactic UV background radiation field generated by the overall population of quasars and galaxies. In the vicinity of sources of UV photons, such as luminous high-redshift quasars, the UV radiation field is enhanced due to the local source contribution. The higher degree of ionisation is visible as a reduced line density or generally as a decreased level of absorption in the Lyman alpha forest of neutral hydrogen. This so-called proximity effect has been detected with high statistical significance towards luminous quasars. If quasars radiate rather isotropically, background quasar sightlines located near foreground quasars should show a region of decreased Lyman alpha absorption close to the foreground quasar. Despite considerable effort, such a transverse proximity effect has only been detected in a few cases...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TIE 400 ; TIE 900 ; Sonstige Sternensysteme {Astronomie} ; Spektren und Leuchtkraft von Sternsystemen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 144 S.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Giacconi et al. (1962) discovered a diffuse cosmic X-ray background with rocket experiments when they searched for lunar X-ray emission. Later satellite missions found a spectral peak in the cosmic X-ray background at ~30 keV. Imaging X-ray satellites such as ROSAT (1990-1999) were able to resolve up to 80% of the background below 2 keV into single point sources, mainly active galaxies. The cosmic X-ray background is the integration of all accreting super-massive (several million solar masses) black holes in the centre of active galaxies over cosmic time. Synthesis models need further populations of X-ray absorbed active galaxy nuclei (AGN) in order to explain the cosmic X-ray background peak at ~30 keV. Current X-ray missions such as XMM-Newton and Chandra offer the possibility of studying these additional populations...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TBK 000 ; TIE 900 ; Hochenergieastronomie ; Sonstige Sternensysteme {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 226 S.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This thesis describes two main projects; the first one is the optimization of a hierarchical search strategy to search for unknown pulsars. This project is divided into two parts; the first part (and the main part) is the semi-coherent hierarchical optimization strategy. The second part is a coherent hierarchical optimization strategy which can be used in a project like Einstein@Home. In both strategies we have found that the 3-stages search is the optimum strategy to search for unknown pulsars. For the second project we have developed a computer software for a coherent Multi-IFO (Interferometer Observatory) search. To validate our software, we have worked on simulated data as well as hardware injected signals of pulsars in the fourth LIGO science run (S4). While with the current sensitivity of our detectors we do not expect to detect any true Gravitational Wave signals in our data, we can still set upper limits on the strength of the gravitational waves signals...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TFA 000 ; Relativistische Astrophysik, Gravitation
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 135 S.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Our dynamic Sun manifests its activity by different phenomena: from the 11-year cyclic sunspot pattern to the unpredictable and violent explosions in the case of solar flares. During flares, a huge amount of the stored magnetic energy is suddenly released and a substantial part of this energy is carried by the energetic electrons, considered to be the source of the nonthermal radio and X-ray radiation. One of the most important and still open question in solar physics is how the electrons are accelerated up to high energies within (the observed in the radio emission) short time scales. Because the acceleration site is extremely small in spatial extent as well (compared to the solar radius), the electron acceleration is regarded as a local process. The search for localized wave structures in the solar corona that are able to accelerate electrons together with the theoretical and numerical description of the conditions and requirements for this process, is the aim of the dissertation...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGC 765 ; Korona {Astronomie: Sonne}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 109 S.
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Univ. Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Our Solar system contains a large amount of dust, containing valuable information about our close cosmic environment. If created in a planet's system, the particles stay predominantly in its vicinity and can form extended dust envelopes, tori or rings around them. A fascinating example of these complexes are Saturnian rings containing a wide range of particles sizes from house-size objects in the main rings up to micron-sized grains constituting the E ring. Other example are ring systems in general, containing a large fraction of dust or also the putative dust-tori surrounding the planet Mars. The dynamical life'' of such circumplanetary dust populations is the main subject of our study...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGL 800 ; Interplanetarer Staub {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 115, 10 Bl.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; TGC 800 ; TGC 800 ; Magnetfelder {Astronomie: Sonne}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 88 Bl.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: I perform and analyse the first ever calculations of rotating stellar iron core collapse in {3+1} general relativity that start out with presupernova models from stellar evolutionary calculations and include a microphysical finite-temperature nuclear equation of state, an approximate scheme for electron capture during collapse and neutrino pressure effects. Based on the results of these calculations, I obtain the to-date most realistic estimates for the gravitational wave signal from collapse, bounce and the early postbounce phase of core collapse supernovae.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; THU 162 ; TFA 000 ; Supernovae {Astronomie} ; Relativistische Astrophysik, Gravitation
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 291 S
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