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  • thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology  (16)
  • Firenze University Press  (16)
  • English  (16)
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  • 1
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    Chapter The origins of the putting-out or domestic system of industrial production in England (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The putting-out system of production was a key feature of England’s woollen cloth industry and is regarded by many historians as a step along the road to capitalism. This paper considers the evolution of the industry in the late Middle Ages, the emergence of clothiers and their dependent out-workers and the nature of the relationship between the two groups. A detailed analysis follows of the growth, between 1475 and 1510, in the value of textile related debt litigation in the Court of Common Pleas, and revised estimates are given for the scale of the industry and the size of the workforce in the early-sixteenth century. Thus an assessment can be made of the importance of the putting-out system and its contribution to the success of the textile industry at that time.
    Keywords: clothier ; growth ; industry ; putting-out ; woollen cloth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter Ships, shipping, technological change and global economic growth, 1400-1800 (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The major breakthrough in ship design around 1400 creating the full-rigged ship constituted a general purpose technology. It had far-reaching effects on shipping, trade volume, orientation of trade routes, location of production, settlement patterns and many other aspects of life throughout the globe from 1400 to1800. The greater efficiency of the type in a number of uses led to its dissemination, to a limited degree, throughout the world. Spillovers from the success of the design were extensive and included for example a literature on designing and building ships, improvements in navigation and in government practices. Advances in shipbuilding were one of the very few technologies in the period that qualified as a technological advance with massive consequences.
    Keywords: macroinvention ; full-rigged ship ; general purpose technology ; shipbuilding ; spillover ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Promotion of high-quality textiles by prize competitions during the Enlightenment in Saxony. From raw material to finished product manufacturing (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Preisaufgabe, or «prize competitions» were implemented in Saxony in 1764 to promote industry after the Seven Years’ War. We investigated the purpose of them and by whom, by analysing primary historical texts to uncover four criteria: (1) the best quality prototypes; (2) equivalent quality to foreign products; (3) establishment of training facilities, and (4) manufacture of new products. The competitions promoted high-quality products and disseminated knowledge. Numerous prototypes were submitted and prizes awarded. Most participants were already engaged in textile or related industries and the strategy relied on this intellectual foundation. Assessment of Saxony’s situation and enlightenment principles informed the competitions.
    Keywords: prize competitions (Preisaufgabe) ; textual analysis ; knowledge diffusion ; textile industry ; enlightenment ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Market assessment and risk prediction: resources and know-how of a seventeenth-century bookseller of Venice coping with competition (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: this article explores the likelihood that early modern printers had de-veloped rudimentary practices aimed at assessing their market of refer-ence to pursue strategic commercial planning. It surreys the inner evi-dence of a single manuscript bibliographic compiled by a minor mem-ber of the Giunta publishing house active in Venice in order to pro-pose the hypothesis that said catalogue may have been instrumental to commercial bibliometrics aimed to avoid harmful competition between redundant editions within the same market area.
    Keywords: book history ; publishing planning ; Venetian economic history ; the Giunti publishing house ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter Round Table comment (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Trying to comprehend and then to describe the process of technological change and its impact is a difficult task. Explaining it is then extremely demanding. Many of the contributions in the papers offered indicate the value of thick description, of looking closely at relevant documentation, piecing together events from those documents and presenting the information in a comprehensible way. Placing that description within the context of time and place, making the small picture part of the big picture is, after all, doing good history
    Keywords: Knowledge economy ; middle ages ; early modern age ; modern age ; economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter Bookkeeping as a ‘key technology’ of pre-modern commerce. Its relevance for the eco-nomic development in Europe (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: It is the aim of this paper to analyse the importance of (double-entry) bookkeeping for the economic development in Europe and its possible indirect influence on economic growth. Being one of the most important commercial techniques of the European merchants double-entry bookkeeping stayed in close relationship to the expansion of trade. So, the distribution of different bookkeeping techniques all over Western and Central Europe, took place, on one hand, through the extensive commercial contacts of Italian merchant-bankers with merchants of regions north of the Alps and because of the need of many non-Italian merchants to consolidate their commercial knowledge in Italy through specific studies and/or through acquiring practical knowledge. On the other, treaties on (double-entry) bookkeeping supported its diffusion. The study analyses examples of ledgers as ‘mirrors’ of their enterprises’ activities, and it will be shown how such ledgers served as instruments for reducing various risks of entrepreneurial engagement. As a result it will become clear that the knowledge of the technique of double-entry bookkeeping was one of the preconditions of the commercial and, later on, the industrial expansion of the Europeans, which made a significant difference to other merchant cultures in the world.
    Keywords: Accounting ; (double-entry) bookkeeping ; commerce ; economic development ; entrepreneurial risk ; growth ; merchants’ treatises ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter Transferring useful knowledge. Quality mechanisms in European apprenticeship (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Human capital is central to current debates about the sources of growth and divergence in the premodern economy. Apprenticeship, the key formal arrangement by which occupational skills were transferred in this period, has in the past often been associated with guild monopolies and exclusion, implying a drag on the accumulation of human capital. Several stimulating recent contributions have pointed to apprenticeship as a potentially important explanation for English or European advances in manufacturing and technology in the run up to industrialisation. In this paper, we explore mechanisms that helped improve quality among artisans. We focus on one in particular: the selection of training masters by apprentices.
    Keywords: Apprenticeship ; Human Capital ; England ; Netherlands ; Skill ; Artisans ; Technology ; Guild ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The studies presented here analyze the relationship between the knowledge economy and innovations, productivity, and economic growth in the premodern period (13th-18th centuries) by considering the following questions: how was “useful knowledge” transmitted between individuals, across space, and across generations? How could commercial and industrial productivity have been associated with the expansion of such knowledge? When and where was useful knowledge concentrated in such a way that a relatively large number of innovations and inventions could cause revolutionary breakthroughs in particular sectors of the economy?
    Keywords: Knowledge economy ; useful knowledge ; middle ages ; modern age ; economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter Useful knowledge, technological innovation and economic development in the European ceramic industries, 14th-18th centuries (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Ceramics have been essential in the domestic sphere and their production has undergone in the preindustrial era technological and cultural changes whose importance is obvious. This paper is to show in a very concise way how the production of European glazed ceramics underwent three phases of intense transformation of useful knowledge related to its production, with a successive accumulation leading to increasingly efficient results and a higher level of productivity. Moreover, it can be safely stated that, without this accumulation, the great progress of the 19th century in this area would have been impossible.
    Keywords: Ceramics ; Knowledge Economy ; useful knowledge ; Middle Ages ; Early Modern Ages ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Round Table comment: From «useful knowledge» to a «culture of growth» (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: we can state that economically useful knowledge could induce innovations which further deepened and widened this economically useful knowledge; and this cycle was at least one of the decisive factors of raising profitability and, as a final con-sequence, of economic growth becoming obvious in the industrial evolutions in different European and later also non-European countries. To say it more clearly: Innovations did influence economic growth. Cultural and institutional processes, which generated knowledge and human capital, could influence the development of labour productivity. Knowledge did contribute to reduce risks in pre-industrial societies through information, communication, and resilience
    Keywords: Growth ; innovation ; knowledge economy ; productivity ; useful knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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