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  • English  (12,267)
  • 2015-2019  (8,726)
  • 1975-1979  (1,920)
  • 1970-1974  (1,627)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chemistry and geothermal systems (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7495 ; G 7869 ; M 93.0158
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 392 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Energy science and engineering
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 2
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    Monograph available for loan
    The evolution of the igneous rocks : fiftieth anniversary perspectives (1979)
    Princeton, NJ : Princeton Univ. Pr.
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7717 ; G 7866 ; M 93.0036
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 588 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0691082235
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 3
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    Monograph available for loan
    Theory and practice of regional geochemical exploration (1978)
    Budapest : Akad. Kiadó
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7371 ; 11528 ; M 93.0161
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 272 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9630514427
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Monograph available for loan
    A Glossary of geographical terms : based on a list prepared by a Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1979)
    London [u.a.] : Longman
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0157
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIX, 569 S.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0582352584
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Economic mineral deposits (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0228
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 593 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 0471017698
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Methods for analysis of organic substances in water (1972)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: SR 90.0929(5, A3)
    In: Techniques of water-resources investigations of the United States Geological Survey
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 40 S.
    Series Statement: Techniques of water resources investigations of the United States Geological Survey : Book 5, Laboratory analysis A3
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ore deposits (1975)
    San Francisco : Freeman
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0163
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 530 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 071670272X
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Physical methods in determinative mineralogy (1977)
    London [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7746 ; M 93.0213
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 720 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0127829601
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Geology of tin deposits (1979)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 93.0003
    In: Developments in economic geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 543 S.
    ISBN: 0444418059
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 11
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Meteorites : classification and properties (1974)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 10/9249 ; 9450
    In: Minerals and rocks
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 316 S.
    ISBN: 3540067442
    Series Statement: Minerals and rocks 10
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Volcanic processes in ore genesis : proceedings of a joint meeting of the Volcanic Studies Group of the Geological Society of London and the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, held in London on 21 and 22 January 1976 (1977)
    London : The Institiution of Mining and Metallurgy; The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0242
    In: (DE-B103)41191, Special publications / the Geological Society, London
    Description / Table of Contents: Subsurface aspects of the ore-forming process can be described in terms of standard chemical transport parameters such as T-P gradients, mineral solubilities, solvent chemistry and volume, diffusion parameters and energy flow. These necessary factors are rather easily assessed by geochemical, isotopic and structural studies. If deposition is in the surface environment, a complex array of factors will determine the success of the natural concentration process and the chances of preservation of a deposit. Basically, most large-scale ore-forming processes involve large fluid volumes and energy sources. Many environments where these requirements are met, the modern ocean ridge and the subduction environment, are still not well understood. The need for remote-sensing techniques in the submarine environment is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 188 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0900488336
    Series Statement: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 7
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    Language: English
    Note: Articles Introductory remarks on the transport problem W. S. Fyfe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01 Model of hydrothermal ore genesis J. W. Elder https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.02 Identification of ore-deposition environment from trace-element geochemistry of associated igneous host rocks J. A. Pearce and G. H. Gale https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.03 Identification of the origin of oreforming solutions by the use of stable isotopes S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.04 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for sea-water-hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition, Troodos complex, Cyprus T. H. E. Heaton and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.05 Hydrodynamic model for the origin of the ophiolitic cupriferous pyrite ore deposits of Cyprus E. T. C. Spooner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.06 Origin and emplacement of ophiolites I. G. Gass https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.07 Hydrothermal alteration of the basaltic lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex associated with the formation of the massive sulphide deposits G. Constantinou https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.08 Rare-earth element evidence for the genesis of the metalliferous sediments of Troodos, Cyprus A. H. F. Robertson and A. J. Fleet https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.09 Modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization: examples from Santorini and the Red Sea D. S. Cronan, P. A. Smith, and R. D. Bignell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.10 Mineralization at destructive plate boundaries: a brief review M. S. Garson and A. H. G. Mitchell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.11 Porphyry copper deposits J. P. Hunt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.12 Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review R. H. Sillitoe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.13 Igneous geology and the evolution of hydrothermal systems in some sub-volcanic tin deposits of Bolivia J. N. Grant, C. Halls, W. Avila, and G. Avila https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.14 Occurrence, origin and significance of mechanically transported sulphide ores at Buchans, Newfoundland J. G. Thurlow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.15 Geological setting of the Skorovas orebody within the allochthonous volcanic stratigraphy of the Gjersvik Nappe, central Norway C. Halls, A. Reinsbakken, I. Ferriday, A. Haugen, and A. Rankin https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.16 The Planes-San Antonio pyritic deposit of Rio Tinto, Spain: its nature, environment and genesis D. Williams, R. L. Stanton, and F. Rambaud https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.17 Kuroko deposits: their geology, geochemistry and origin Takeo Sato https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.18 Stable isotope studies on Bougainville and in Matupi Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea J. H. Ford, D. C. Green, J. R. Hulston, I. H. Crick, and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.19 Volcanogenic mineralization at Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, and its regional implications J. W. Platt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.20 Discussion https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.21
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Classifications and historical studies; Vol. 1. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0988 ; M 93.0094/1
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 338 S.
    ISBN: 0444414010
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Geochemistry : Science ; a second level course (1972)
    Bletchley : Open Univ. Press
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    Call number: 93.0255/1-6
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Mineral deposits (1979)
    Milton Keynes
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    Call number: 93.0257/3
    Pages: 140 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science. A second level course. The earth's physical resourses. S 266 , Block 3
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    2,5. Elements La(57) to U(92) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: 10/M 93.0251A/6
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Computer modeling of atmospheric ice accretion (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-4
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9019
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Effect of water content on the compressibility of snow-water mixtures (1979)
    Hannover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/2
    In: CRREL Report, 79-2
    Description / Table of Contents: The stress-density relaionships of snow-water mixtures were investigated and are shown as functions of water content, initial snow density, initial snow-water mixture density and rate of deformation. An increase in water content in snow at a particular density or a decrease in the rate of deformation (or strain rate) decreases the stress, but apparently not the specific energy required to reach a specific mixture density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-2
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9306
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Test sample characteristics Discussion of results Data presentation format Effect of water content and mixture density Effect of water content and initial snow density Effect of deformation rate Effect of water content and rate of deformation on specific energy Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Derivation of equations Appendix B. Load-deformation traces
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  • 18
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    Series available for loan
    Sea ice ridging over the Alaskan continental shelf (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9015
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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  • 19
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    Series available for loan
    Nondestructive testing of in-service highway pavements in Maine (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/6
    In: CRREL Report, 79-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Nondestructive repetitive plate bearing (RPB) tests were conducted on various test sections in state highways in Maine during 13-15 April 1976. The RPB test consists of making resilient surface deflection measurements during repetitive loadings at various radii from the load plate. The pavement system stiffness was calculated and the resilient modulus values for the various pavement layers were determined with the Chevron computer program for a layered elastic system. A thawed analysis using nondimensional deflection curves for the various sections provided a guide to the susceptibility of the pavement systems to surface failure and pothole development. Some comparisons between stabilized and nonstabilized aggregate and soil were made with calculated stiffness values. The moduli of the various materials were also compared. The residual surface deflections during testing for several pavement systems indicated a linear logarithmic relationship with number of load applications. A relationship between the modulus of the asphalt cement concrete pavement and pavement temperature was developed for the limited temperature range during the testing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9013
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Freeze-thaw tests of liquid deicing chemicals on selected pavement materials (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/28
    In: CRREL Report, 77-28
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests were conducted to assess the extent of surface degradation resulting from the application of non-chloride deicing chemicals on three types of airfield pavements. The chemicals tested were proprietary mixtures of urea, formamide, and ethylene glycol; sodium chloride, distilled water, and dry specimens were used as controls and for comparison. Pavements included new and old specimens of open-graded asphaltic concrete and old specimens of dense-graded asphaltic concrete. Portland cement concrete specimens used were new and old, with and without air-entrainment. New and old tar rubber concrete specimens were also tested. Samples were subjected to up to 60 freeze-thaw cycles with deicing chemicals flooding their upper surface. Each specimen was rated on a scale of 0-5 after every five freeze-thaw cycles. All PCC specimens showed some surface degradation, whereas the dense- and open-graded asphaltic concretes were largely unaffected.
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    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9501
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) Units of measurement Introduction Test procedure Pavement types Deicing chemicals Description of tests Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test results Appendix B: Portland cement concrete materials data
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  • 21
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    Collaboration of architect and behavioral scientist in research (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/23
    In: CRREL Report, 77-23
    Description / Table of Contents: This report discusses the relationship between an architect and a behavioral scientist. Some of the discussion applies to this cooperative work for design of buildings. The bulk, however, relates to the cooperation of architect and behavioral scientist while conducting research. Examples from collaborative research at Alaskan military installations are cited which demonstrate the roles and contributions of the two disciplines.
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    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-23
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA045418
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Series available for loan
    The internal structure of fast ice near Narwhal Island, Beaufort Sea, Alaska (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/29
    In: CRREL Report, 77-29
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of measurements of salinity, grain size, substructure dimensions and crystal fabrics of the undeformed 2.15-m-thick annual sea ice sheet near Narwhal Island, Alaska, are presented. A notable observation was the formation of a dominant c-axis horizontal structure in all ice below 14 cm, including transformation to a pronounced east-west alignment of the c-axes by a depth of 66 cm. This study confirms earlier reports of the occurrence of very strong horizontal c-axis alignments in arctic fast ice.
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    Pages: iii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-29
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9500
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling and analytical procedures Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 23
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    Intermittent ice forces acting on inclined wedges (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/26
    In: CRREL Report, 77-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory for ice forces acting on inclined wedges has been developed, thus making it possible to predict the magnitude of the intermittent ice forces from knowledge of the physical parameters of the system. The theory has been verified by model tests with artificial and natural ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-26
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9497
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Summary Introduction Recent ice research in Denmark General Structures with vertical faces Wedges with inclined faces Recording of the strength of natural ice Artificial ice — properties and manufacture General Composition of material Order of mixing ingredients Rupture theory Theoretical approach Initial contact Forces acting on wedge Maximum force and actual force Principal stress equations 8Dynamic equations Intermittent nature of force Theoretical curve Verifiction of theory by model tests Description Width of rupture channel Plotting of results Engineering application Comparison with Korahavin’s results Recommendations for future research References Appendix A
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  • 24
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    Observations of the ultraviolet spectral reflectance of snow (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/27
    In: CRREL Report, 77-27
    Description / Table of Contents: The spectral reflectance of natural snow in the range of 0.20- to about 0.40-micrometers wavelengths was studied in the laboratory using both continuous spectral scanning and fixed bandpass measurements. White barium sulfate pressed powder was used as a standard for comparison. The reflectance of fresh snow was found to be very high (usually nearly 100%) and only weakly wavelength dependent from 0.24 micrometers to the visible range. In the 0.20- to 0.24-micrometers portion of the spectrum, the reflectance was found to be quite erratic. Possible reasons for the irregularities in reflectance measurements are discussed.
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    Pages: v, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-27
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9499
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental procedure Snow collection Spectrophotometric methods Data analysis Potential sources of error Presentation of results Continuous-scan measurements Comparison of sequential bandpass and continuous-scan measurements Theoretical calculations Discussion of results Differences in amplitude of reflectance measurements Irregularities in the shape of spectral reflectance curves The true spectral reflectance of snow in the ultraviolet region Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO4 powder
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  • 25
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part IV: dynamics and energetics of parallel motion tools (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/7
    In: CRREL Report, 77-7
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, IV
    Description / Table of Contents: The report deals with the cutting of rock and similar materials by parallel motion tools. It examines cutting forces and energy requirements, taking into consideration tool geometry, wear, operating conditions, and material properties. After an introductory discussion of terminology, some general principles are outlined, and relevant theoretical ideas on metal cutting and rock cutting are reviewed. The next section, which is the heart of the report, reviews experimental data on the magnitudes and directions of cutting forces. There is a graphical compilation of data, including some from obscure or unpublished sources. The variables covered include chipping depth, rake angle, relief angle, side rake, base angle, tool width, tool compliance, tool speed, tool wear, tool interactions, and material properties. The second major part of the report treats the energetics of cutting. It begins with a short discussion of relevant principles, and continues with a compilation and review of experimental data, covering the same independent variables as the force section. The report ends with a concise summary of general behavior for parallel motion tools.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9485
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement
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  • 26
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    Mid-winter installation of protected membrane roofs in Alaska (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/21
    In: CRREL Report, 77-21
    Description / Table of Contents: Cold weather limits the successful application of built-up roofing, but often a roof installation must be completed late in the fall or in the winter. The loose-laid protected membrane roof with a synthetic sheet membrane can be installed in the middle of the winter with complete reliability. A synthetic membrane is traditionally more expensive than built-up roofing (rising crude oil prices, however, have reversed this condition), but it has two special features besides its suitability for winter installation: it can be placed on a damp deck, if necessary, and, being losse-laid, it does not split because of deck movement. This report documents information on the installation of two roofs in Anchorage, Alaska, during January and February 1972, including a discussion of the necessary snow removal from the bare deck and the use of portable shelters for preparing the lap joints between sheets during very cold weather. The winter installation caused no special construction problems and the advantages of the synthetic membrane make it an attractive alternative to built-up roofing. The cost of loose-laid protected membrane roofs in Alaska was, in 1972, nearly $300 per square ($28/sq.m), including insulation. Prices are rising as labor costs rise and as more insulation is specified.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-21
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9493
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The protected membrane roof Winter construction considerations Construction costs Conclusion
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  • 27
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    Ice arching and the drift of pack ice through restricted channels (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/18
    In: CRREL Report, 77-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Models originally developed to describe the arching and the movement of granular materials through hoppers or chutes are applied to the arching and drift of pack ice in straits and gulfs having lengths of 50 to 500 km. Verification of the usefulness of the models is attempted by making comparisons with ice deformation patterns as observed via satellite imagery in the Bering Strait region and in Amundsen Gulf. The results are encouraging in that there is good correspondence between observed arching and lead patterns and those predicted by theory. In addition, values determined via the model for the angle of internal friction (≈ 30° to 35°) and the cohesive strength per unit thickness (≈ 2000 N/m) are similar to values obtained by other approaches. It is estimated that if the wind velocity parallel to the Bering Strait exceeds ≈ 6 m/s, there will be ice flow through the strait.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9517
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Limiting span of an arch Flow of pack ice through converging channels Stoppage of flow Applications St. Lawrence Amundsen Gulf Bering Strait Conclusion References
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  • 28
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    Icebreaker simulation (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/16
    In: CRREL Report, 77-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A brief discussion is given of the ways an icebreaker breaks ice. Since the icebreaking process is so complex, the solution of a mathematical model does not appear to be feasible. As an alternative, it is suggested that physical models be used to design icebreakers. The appropriate scaling laws for physical models are developed and their practical limitation discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-16
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9515
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Ice accumulation on ocean structures (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/17
    In: CRREL Report, 77-17
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature search was made for information on the accretion of ice on ocean structures and on methods for control. The bulk of the reports were in Russian, with some additional Japanese, British, American, Canadian, and Icelandic sources. Analysis of icing reports indicated that sea spray is the most important cause of ship icing, with lesser amounts due to freezing rain, snow, and fog. Icing is a potential danger whenever air temperatures are below the freezing point of water and the sea temperature is 6 C or lower. Theoretical work on the ice accretion process is discussed, and a method is suggested, based on Russian experiments, for calculating the sea spray accumulation rate for cylindrical and flat surfaces as a function of water source temperature, air temperature, and wind speed. Other factors that influence icing severity are ship size and configuration, angle between ship course and water heading, and ship speed. Icing in the north temperate latitudes generally occurs in the rear of barometric depressions. Maps showing limits of various degrees of icing severity are included. Atmospheric icing measurements on tall land-based structures are presented, and potential maximum accumulations estimated. Control measures are discussed, though no completely effective method is available. Mechanical (impaction) methods are the most common, but experiments have been conducted on heated, icephobic, and deformable surfaces, and with freezing point depressants. No device for the unequivocal measurement of ice accumulation is available, though some experimental methods are suitable for controlled testing; it is recommended that a device be developed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-17
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9516
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurements Introduction The freezing proeess Icing observations Geographical distribution of icing and contributing meteorological conditions Extreme icing conditions Extremes of icc accumulation Prediction of icing occurrences Prediction of icing intensity and rate Control methods Measurement of icing rate Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Maps of icing occurrence and rate Appendix B. Data for computing ship icing rates Appendix C. Estimation of ice accumulation
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  • 30
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    Experimental scaling study of an annular flow ice-water heat sink (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9514
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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  • 31
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    Observation and analysis of protected membrane roofing system (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/11
    In: CRREL Report, 77-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Two performance indicators, effectiveness and thermal efficiency, are defined and used to evaluate the year-round performance of three protected membrane roofs in Alaska and New Hampshire. Effectiveness is a measure of the deviations of ceiling temperatures from a yearly average, with large diviations indicating erratic performance in the roofing-insulation system and small departures indicating a thermally stable system. Thermal efficiency, the ratio of calculated heat loss to measured heat loss, is affected by climatic conditions such as rain, snow, solar radiation and wind. Thermal efficiency values of 100% or greater are possible since the calculated heat loss is based only on the inside and outside air temperature differences and the thermal properties of the roof components. Results of the year-round evaluation indicate that the three protected membrane roofs generally have high values of both effectiveness and thermal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-11
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9506
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Location of test sites Fairbanks Anchorage Hanover, N.H. Test program Instrumentation Effectiveness Therma lefficiency Heat balance within the roof Comparisons with conventional systems Conclusions Effectiveness of the test roof Thermal efficiency Heat balance within the roof Applicability Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Temperature and heat flow measurements, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix B. Thermal efficiencies of the test roof, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix C. January 1973 and August 1972 comparisons of protected membrane and conventional built-up membrane systems at Hanover, New Hampshire
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  • 32
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    A laboratory investigation of the mechanics and hydraulics of river ice jams (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/9
    In: CRREL Report, 77-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents experimental results on the conditions of initiation of an ice jam by a simple surface obstruction, on the equilibrium thickness of an ice jam formed by accumulation and submergence of ice floes, and on the compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover. In the study on ice jam initiation, it was found that the minimum concentration of floes in the opening of the obstruction at which a jam occurs is nearly independent of the ratio of width of constricted passage to channel width, and is proportional to a negative power of the ratio of floe length to width of constricted passage. From energy analysis of floe submergence, a relationship relating the thickness of a jam formed by accumulation and submergence of floes to the approach flow characteristics was derived and found to fit satisfactorily the experimental data. In experiments on compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover it was found that the compressive strength is inversely proportional to compression velocity and independent of cover length.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-9
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9482
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction I. Initiation of ice jams by partial surface obstructions A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedure C. Dimensional analysis D. Presentation of results and discussion ΙΙ. Thickness of ice jams due to accumulation and transport of ice floes A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedures C. Presentation of results E. Conclusion III. Compressive strength of floating fragmented ice covers A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental setup and procedure C. Presentation of results and discussion D. Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results on ice jam initiation Appendix B: Effect of surface tension on submergence velocity of ice floes Appendix C: Experimental results for ice jam thickness study Appendix D: Experimental results on compressive strength of fragmented ice cover
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  • 33
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    The minor structures of deformed rocks : a photographic atlas (1972)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: M 97.0379 ; G 5742
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 431 S. : 203 Taf.
    ISBN: 3540058281
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 34
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    Thickness and roughness variations of Arctic multiyear sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    URL: Abstract
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
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  • 35
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    Compressibility characteristics of compacted snow (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/21
    In: CRREL Report, 76-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects of snow temperature and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated for shallow compacted snow in the density range of 0.28 to 0.76 g/cu m, for stress range of 0.5 to 72 bars and a temperature range of -1 to -34 C at a deformation rate of 40 cm/s. A decrease in temperature increases the resistance to stress, the effect increasing with applied stress. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, the effect decreasing with an increase in stress. The approximate yield envelopes, which define the stress required to initiate any deformation of snow of a particular density and temperature, were determined. Rapid compaction of snow results in extensive recrystallization, significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow. At a stress of 72 bars, transformation to ice occurs only at temperature above -10C.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-21
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6184/rec/1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Discussion of results Stress-density relationship Stress-deformation relationship Summary and conclusions Microstructural examination of artifically compacted snow Analytical techniques Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Photographs of oscilloscope traces
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  • 36
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    Interpretation of the tensile strength of ice under triaxial stresses (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/5
    In: CRREL Report, 76-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Griffith, and later Babel, have previously developed a tensile fracture criterion for a two-dimensional state of stress. This theory is extended to the compression-compression region. From this theory the angle of fracture is developed. The theory is extended conceptually to three dimensions. Triaxial test data by Haynes for snow-ice are shown in this three-dimensional fracture theory. The test data are slightly less than those predicted when the void in the snow-ice is spherical.
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    Pages: iii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-5
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6171
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Cantilever beam tests on reinforced ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/7
    In: CRREL Report, 76-7
    Description / Table of Contents: This report covers a series of cantilever beam tests designed to determined the efficacy of adding reinforcement to an ice cover. Tests were run using 1-in.-diam tree branches, 3/16-in.-diam wire rope and 9/16-in. half-round wood dowels as reinforcement for both seawater and freshwater ice. The results show a definite advantage derived from using reinforcement, even when poorly placed. The results also show that reinforced ice carries a load even after it cracks. Thus, after the initial cracks there is time to remove people and equipment before final breakthrough. One must bear in mind, however, that reinforcement has disadvantages. The darker reinforcement absorbs solar radiation and thereby causes earlier weakening of the ice cover. Also, in many cases the time and effort required to place reinforcement may exceed those required to achieve equal strength by additional thickening of the ice sheet. This study has shown that understanding of the failure mechanism of ice under repetitive loading is poor and that future studies should be performed on this problem. Also, this study covered only cantilever beams. The actual field problem is strengthening a three-dimensional sheet. Hence, distribution and orientation of the reinforcement should be addressed in future studies.
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    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-7
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6219
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to SI metric units Introduction Typical methods of constructing ice bridges Current knowledge Test program Objectives Equipment Procedure Data General Specific ice sheets Test results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 38
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    The prediction of unfrozen water contents in frozen soils from liquid limit determinations (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/8
    In: CRREL Report, 76-8
    Description / Table of Contents: During the past decade a number of methods for measuring the amount of unfrozen water in partially frozen ground have emerged. Means of quickly and simply predicting unfrozen water contents in clay have become increasingly important with the growth of interest in encapsulating clay soils compacted at low water contents to serve as base courses for roads. Unfortunately the measurements require sophisticated equipment and, in most instances, specially trained operators. In an effort to simplify the task of obtaining water-ice phase composition data, methods of calculating phase composition curves from other, simpler measurements on soils have been sought. The paper presents a method of deriving the measurement of unfrozen water contents at various temperatures from liquid limit determinations.
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    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-8
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026632
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Proceedings of the first symposium on antarctic geosciences, 1978 (1979)
    Tokyo : National Institute of Polar Research
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    Call number: ZSP-592-14 ; ZSP-592-14(2.Ex.)
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 229 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Special Issue 14
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    9th International Laser Radar Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies : conference abstracts, 2 - 5 July 1979, München (1979)
    München : DFVLR
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    Call number: MOP 44979 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 276 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 41
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    Radiocarbon dated shell samples from Nordre Strømfjord, West Greenland : with comments on models of glacio-isostatic uplift (1973)
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
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    Call number: ZSP-683-59
    In: Rapport = Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Shell-bearing marine sediments in the Nordre Strømfjord area belong to two lithofacies, calcareous sandy gravels and calcareous muddy sands, and to four biofacies comparable to modern communities and related to the sediment lithology: epifaunal benthic and infaunal benthic facies, a current reworked 'mixed' facies and a Portlandia - Propeamussium facies. Radiocarbon dates on nine samples provide a poorly defined model of the glacio-isostatic emergence of the region. The implications of such models and their physical validity are considered in the context of these and other data, and it is suggested that curves for uplift deceleration are a useful means of obtaining the exponential constant k.
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    Pages: 20 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 59
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Geomorphological observations at Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland (1979)
    Copenhagen : Nyt Nordisk Forl
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    Call number: ZSP-553-1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 24 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 8717025818
    ISSN: 0106-1046
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 1
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Geological investigations in East Greenland, Part XI : the minor peripheral intrusions, Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland (1976)
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
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    Call number: ZSP-553-197,4
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S.
    ISBN: 8717022185
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 197,4
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Southeast Greenland 1 : littoral vegetation (1974)
    København : Reitzel
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    Call number: ZSP-553-198,1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 79 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 8742100925
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,1
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Southeast Greenland 2 : herb and snow-bed vegetation (1976)
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
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    Call number: ZSP-553-198,2
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 266 S.
    ISBN: 8717021200
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,2
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Souteast Greenland 3 : epilithic macrolichen communities (1975)
    København : Reitzel
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    Call number: ZSP-553-198,3
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 32 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 8742101123
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,3
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Upper-air sounding studies (1975)
    Geneva : WMO
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    Call number: MOP Per 800(394)
    In: WMO
    In: Technical note
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 160 S.
    Series Statement: WMO / World Meteorological Organization 394
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Ophiolites : ancient oceanic lithosphere? (1977)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: G 7148(2. Ex.) ; 10/G 7724 ; M 93.0092/12 ; G 7148(1. Ex.)
    In: Minerals and rocks
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 229 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Minerals and rocks 12
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Pergamon Press
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    Call number: M 93.0234
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 288 S. : Ill.
    Edition: 2. print.
    ISBN: 0080195946
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans (1978)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
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    Call number: M 93.0159 ; AWI A12-95-0120-1 ; AWI A12-95-0120-2 ; MOP 272 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 351 S.
    ISBN: 0471035092
    Series Statement: A Wiley-Interscience publication
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Handbook of elemental abundances in meteorites (1971)
    New York [u.a.] : Gordon & Breach
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    Call number: M 93.0139
    In: Series on extraterristial chemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 555 S.
    Series Statement: Series on extraterristial chemistry 1
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    Archaean geochemistry : proceedings of the Symposium on Archaean Geochemistry: the Origin and Evolution of Archaean Continental Crust, held in Hyderabad, India, November 15-19, 1977 (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 9/MR 90.1102 ; MR 90.1103 ; M 93.0055/1
    In: Developments in precambrian geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 406 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Developments in precambrian geology 1
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    The early history of the earth : based on the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Instiute held at the University of Leicester [U.K.], 5-11 April 1975 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
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    Call number: M 93.0116
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 619 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0471014885
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Israel meteorological research papers : in memory of Gideon Steinitz; Volume 1 (1977)
    Bet Dagan : Israel Meteorological Service
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    Call number: MOP 40426 / Mitte
    In: Israel meteorological research papers
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ii, 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Israel meteorological research papers 1
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    India Weather Review 1956-1960 : Storms and depressions; Annual summary, Part C (1971)
    New Delhi : Meteorological Department
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    Call number: MOP 41128 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ca. 450 Seiten
    Series Statement: India Weather Review : Part C Annual Summary
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  • 56
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    Introduction to marine chemistry (1971)
    London [u.a.]: Academic Press
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    Call number: 93.0081
    Pages: XIV, 465 S.
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    Origin of the earth and moon (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: G 7858 ; M 93.0153
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 295 S.
    ISBN: 0387903690
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Introduction to marine chemistry (1971)
    London [u.a.] : Academic Press
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    Call number: M 93.0080
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 465 S.
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Mineral deposits : origin, evolution, and present characteristics ; an analysis of how the earth's mineral deposits have become concentrated in local, regional, and global patterns during the 4.6 billion years that the earth is believed to have been in existence (1973)
    Sudbury : Tatsch Assoc.
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    Call number: M 93.0221
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 264 S.
    ISBN: 0912890010
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Terrestrial heat flow in Europe (1979)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: M 93.0156
    In: Scientific Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 328 S. + 1 Kt.-Beil.
    ISBN: 3540094407
    Series Statement: Scientific Report / Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics 58
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  • 61
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    Understanding the earth : a reader in the earth sciences (1977)
    Sussex : Artemis Pr.
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    Call number: M 93.0254
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 383 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed., repr.
    ISBN: 0851413080
    Language: English
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  • 62
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    Thermodynamics properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar 〈10 exp.5 Pascal〉 pressure and at higher temperatures : a summary of the thermodynamic data for minerals at 298.15 K together with calculated values for the functions ... (1979)
    Washington : United States Government Print. Office
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    Call number: M 93.0224
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 456 S.
    Edition: repr. with corr.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / U.S. Geological Survey 1452
    Language: English
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  • 63
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    Supergene and surficial ore deposits : textures and fabrics; Vol. 3. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0990 ; M 93.0094/3
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 353 S.
    ISBN: 0444414037
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Geochemical studies; Vol. 2. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0989 ; M 93.0094/2
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 363 S.
    ISBN: 0444414029
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    Earth materials (1971)
    Bletchley : Open Univ. Press
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    Call number: G 6716
    In: Geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 83 S.
    Series Statement: Geology 1
    Language: English
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  • 66
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    Porphyry copper case study (1976)
    Milton Keynes : The Open University Press
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    Call number: 93.0258
    Pages: 80 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science: A third level course. Earth schience topics and methods , S 333PC
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone : Dresden, 9-17 August 1976 ; Volume 3 (1977)
    Berlin : Selbstverlag
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    Call number: PIK N 456-99-0151 ; MOP 44361/3 / Mitte
    In: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone, Volume 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 Seiten
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone 3
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone : Dresden, 9-17 August 1976 ; Volume 1 (1977)
    Berlin : Selbstverlag
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    Call number: PIK N 456-99-0149 ; MOP 44361/1 / Mitte
    In: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone, Volume 1
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone 1
    Language: English
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  • 69
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    Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone : Dresden, 9-17 August 1976 ; Volume 2 (1977)
    Berlin : Selbstverlag
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    Call number: PIK N 456-99-0150 ; MOP 44361/2 / Mitte
    In: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone, Volume 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 Seiten
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone 2
    Language: English
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  • 70
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    Chemical modeling in aqueous systems : speciation, sorption, solubility, and kinetics ; based on a symposium ... at the 176th meeting of the American Chemical Soc., Miami Beach, Florida, USA, September 11-12, 1978 (1979)
    Washington, DC
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    Call number: M 93.0067/1
    In: American Chemical Society symposium series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 914 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: American Chemical Society symposium series 93
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Thermodynamics in geology : proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute ; held in Oxford, England, September 17-27, 1976 (1977)
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel
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    Call number: G 7276 ; 4/M 93.0215
    In: NATO ASI series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 410 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9027707944
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 30
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Trace elements in igneous petrology : a volume in memory of Paul W. Gast (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: M 93.0154/5 ; 11/G 9206
    In: Developments in petrology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 272 S.
    ISBN: 0444416587
    Series Statement: Developments in petrology 5
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    2,2. Elements Si(14) to V(23) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: 10/M 93.0251/3
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
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    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
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  • 74
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    2,3. Elements Cr(24) to Br(35) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: 10/M 93.0251/4
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
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    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
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  • 75
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    Marine optics (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 13/M 97.0131
    In: Elsevier oceanography series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 231 S.
    ISBN: 0444414908
    Series Statement: Elsevier oceanography series 14
    Classification:
    Oceanology
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Grouting silt and sand at low temperatures : a laboratory investigation (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    In: CRREL Report, 79-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This report presents data from an experimental program undertaken to develop information on proposed and existing chemical grout solutions to provide engineering properties in connection with grouting of soils in ambient temperatures of 39° ±1°F (3.88°C) and below. Twelve grout solutions were investigated, including organic chemicals, sodium silicates, cements, and clay (bentonite). Set or gel tests were performed on each chemical solution, in the center of which a thermocouple was placed for measuring the rates of heat of reaction, except those of the cements and the clay. These solutions consisted of the mixing portions of the chemicals and were placed into 4-in.-diam by approximately 6-in.-long cylinders at an ambient temperature of 39°F.
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    Pages: v, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-5
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9020
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    Ice fog suppression using reinforced thin chemical films (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
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    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9456
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 78
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    Estuarine processes and intertidal habitats in Grays Harbor, Washington : a demonstration of remote sensing techniques (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
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    Pages: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9397
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 79
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    The buckling pressure of an elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/14
    In: CRREL Report, 78-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The analytical solution and the numerical study of the eigenvalue problem for determining the buckling pressure of an infinite elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole is presented. The boundary conditions considered are the clamped-, simple-, and free-edge conditions. Small buckling pressure occurs only for the free-edge condition. The shape of the deflection for the free-edge condition suggests that buckling is an important mechanism of failure.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-14
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9401
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1. The problem 2. Abstract of the result Part I. Fundamental solutions 3. Fuchsian type solutions 4. Contour integral solution 5. Integration of the integral solution 6. Fundamental solutions for α = 1 7. Fundamental solutions for α = 0 8. Eigenvalues for α = 0 9. Fundamental solutions for α 〉 1 Part II. Asymptotic expansions 10. Asymptotic expansion for 0 〈 α ⩽1 11. Asymptotic expansion for 1 ≦ α ≦ 2 12. Asymptotic expansion for 2 ≦ α ≦ ∞ Part III. Eigenvalues 13. Range of eigenvalues 14. Eigenvalues for the free-edge condition 15. Eigenvalues for the clamped-edge and simple-edge conditions 16. Deflection Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix A. Analytical continuation at the singular point Appendix B. Tensorial transformations Appendix C. Comparison of the semi-infinite plate buckling with the asymptotic buckling
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  • 80
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    Tundra disturbances and recovery following the 1949 exploratory drilling, Fish Creek, northern Alaska (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9460
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 81
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    Influence of freezing and thawing on the resilient properties of a silt soil beneath an asphalt concrete pavement (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9380
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 82
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    Effect of temperature on strength of snow-ice (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/27
    In: CRREL Report, 78-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Uniaxial compression and tension tests were conducted on polycrystalline snow-ice to determine the effect of temperature on its strength. Test temperatures ranged from -O.1C to -54C. Two machine speeds, 0.847 mm/s and84.7 mm/s were used for the constant displacement rate tests. The compressive strength at -54C was about oneorder of magnitude higher than at -0.1C. The tensile strength at -18C was about 20% higher than at 0.1C. The initial tangent and 50% strength moduli are given for the compression tests, while the secant modulus to failure is given for the tension tests.The mode of fracture is discussed and the test results are compared with data from other investigations.
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    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-27
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a067583.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Performance of the St. Marys River ice booms, 1976-1977 (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/24
    In: CRREL Report, 78-24
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-24
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9383
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Comparison of winters Ship effects Measured forces Sequential breaking of the structure Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Force level fluctuations in west ice boom, 20 January 1977
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  • 84
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    Measurement and identification of aerosols collected near Barrow, Alaska (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
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    Pages: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-20
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9391
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    On the determination of horizontal forces a floating ice plate exerts on a structure (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/15
    In: CRREL Report, 78-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report first discusses the general approach for calculating the horizontal forces an ice cover exerts on a structure. Ice force determination consists of two parts: (1) the analysis of the in-plane forces assuming that the ice cover remains intact and (2) the use of a failure criterion, since an ice force cannot be larger than the force capable of breaking up the ice cover. For an estimate of the largest ice force, an elastic plate analysis and a failure criterion are often sufficient. A review of the literature revealed that, in the majority of the analyses, it is assumed that the failure load is directly related to a 'crushing strength' of the ice cover. However, observations in the field and tests in the laboratory show that in some instances the ice cover fails by buckling. This report reviews the ice force analyses based on the buckling failure mechanism and points out their shortcomings. The report then presents a new method of analysis which is based on the buckling mechanism
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9275
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited
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  • 86
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    Flexural strength of ice on temperate lakes : comparative tests of large cantilever and simply supported beams (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
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    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9406
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 87
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    Interaction of a surface wave with a dielectric slab discontinuity (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Description / Table of Contents: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
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    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9408
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 88
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    Segregation freezing as the cause of suction force for ice lens formation (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/6
    In: CRREL Report, 78-6
    Description / Table of Contents: A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow of heat and water, of which the segregation freezing temperature is one of the boundary conditions.
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    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9411
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available
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  • 89
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    In-plane deformation of non-coaxial plastic soil (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
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    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9410
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 90
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    Ice forces on vertical piles (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/10
    In: CRREL Report, 77-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The amount of force that an ice sheet can apply to a vertical pile was tested by lowering a hydraulic ram device into a hole cut in an existing ice sheet. The device had a large base and shoved a relatively narrow vertical pile in a horizontal direction. Test variables were: pile widths - 1.5 in. to 36.7 in.; pile shapes - flat, round, 45 ° and 90° wedges; ice thickness - 2.6 in. to 8.8 in.; and ram speed - 0.07 in./sec to 18.75 in./sec; but not all shapes and sizes were tested at all speeds. Air temperature was 20 ° F (-6.7 ° C). Forces and displacements were measured electronically. The findings are presented as a table of test results and as bar graphs of the resultant ice pressures versus the pile width-to-ice-thickness ratio, pile width and shape combination and pile velocity. The types of failures in the ice sheet were classified as crushing, splitting, buckling, bending, and creeping. The ice sheet generally withstood a high initial load followed by several lower peak load levels. The maximum ice pressure measured was 610 psi for a 12.6-in.-diam round pile in 8.4-in.-thick ice.
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    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-10
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9505
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Remote sensing of accumulated frazil and brash ice in the St. Lawrence River (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/8
    In: CRREL Report, 77-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A broadbanded impulse radar system was used for aerial detection of accumulated frazil and brash ice in a 9.5-km reach of the St. Lawrence River near Ogden Island. The remote sensing and data reduction system developed for the project provided data sufficient for production of a contour map having 1-ft intervals. With this contour map, the accumulation pattern of frazil and brash ice could be analyzed. Recommendations are given for improving the performance of the aerial profiling system.
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    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9483
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Background Objectives Profiling system Approach Profiling method Data reduction and interpretation Results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Comparison of ground and aerial data
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  • 92
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    De-icing using lasers (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/10
    In: CRREL Report, 76-10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-10
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6144
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Experimental work SCR samples CAG samples CMS samples UAG samples SI samples Optical system Equipment Procedure Photographic work Large cracks and fissures Small damage to the surface Small damage to the buIk Results Damage as a function of the position x of the focal point; n(x) Damage as a function of the number of irradiations #; n(#) Damage as a function of crystallographic orientation ĉ; n (ĉ); p (ĉ) Damage as a function of surface structure Damage as a function of age A; n (A) Damage as a function of wavelength λ; p(λ) Systematic study of damage as a function of W, t, m and s; n(W, t, m, s) Analysis Fracture in ice Mechanisms for optically generated damage in transparent dielectrics Discussion of the results Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 93
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    Heat transfer characteristics of melting and refreezing a drill hole through an ice shelf in Antarctica (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/12
    In: CRREL Report, 76-12
    Description / Table of Contents: The heat transfer processes associated with melting and refreezing a drill hole 500 m in depth and 0.150 m in initial radius through an ice shelf were approximately analyzed. The results were expressed in graphical form showing the time available for experimentation under the hole as a function of heating duration and heating strength. It was found that the refreezing of the drill hole had a much slower rate than the melting of the hole.
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    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026368
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Analysis Melting period Freezing period Calculation Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Justification of using eq 8 for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient h
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  • 94
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    Thermal pollution studies of French creek, Eielson AFB, Alaska (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/14
    In: CRREL Report, 76-14
    Description / Table of Contents: At the height of warm weather in Alaska in 1975, temperature measurements were made to determine the extent of the thermal impact on French Creek due to a condenser cooling water impact from the Eielson AFB Power plant. Water temperature measurements during a two-day period failed to show any significant thermal impact on the water in French Creek. It was concluded that no thermal pollution exists due to this warm water input at the volumes and conditions that presently exist.
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    Pages: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-14
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6222
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    Winter thermal structure and ice conditions on Lake Champlain, Vermont (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-13
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6133
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 96
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part II: Kinematics of axial rotation machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5413
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 97
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    Water flow through veins in ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
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    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-6
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6136
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Islands of grounded sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/4
    In: CRREL Report, 76-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Large areas of grounded sea ice have been reported by early arctic explorers and more recently by the U.S. Coast Guard. The ESSA, ERTS, NOAA and DMSP satellites now provide multispectral imagery with sufficiently high resolution to allow detailed sequential observations to be made of the movement and spatial extent of arctic sea ice. This report discusses the location, formation and decay of five large (greater than 30 sq km) islands of grounded sea ice in the southern Chukchi Sea as observed for an extended period of time using satellite imagery. Measurements of the bathymetry around one grounded sea ice feature are presented along with observations made and photos taken from the ice surface. The potential use of these sea ice islands as research stations is also discussed.
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    Pages: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-4
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA025257
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction The discovery Age of the island Island visit Other islands of grounded ice Discussion Literature cited
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Site access for a subarctic research effort (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/9
    In: CRREL Report, 76-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Access to study areas may be an important factor in long-term field-oriented research, particularly in-regions without well-developed road and communications systems. In a wildland hydrometeorology research project in subarctic Alaska, access to and within a 40-square-mile research watershed has been developed both in accordance with a general plan prepared at project inception and in response to developing research requirements. Foot trails, trails for 'off-road' low-ground-pressure tracked vehicles, helicopter transport, long-term data recorders, and radio telemetry of data have all been incorporated in an access and communications system. Cost estimates indicate that incorporation of gravel roads into the system would be economically advantageous, given adequate funding for initial road construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026624
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Access within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Trail access Helicopter access Road access Alternative approaches Long-term recorders Telemetry systems Remote sensing Relative costs A desirable system Selected bibliography
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  • 100
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Crystal defects and crystalline interfaces (1970)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 97.0437
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 254 S.
    Classification:
    C.3.8.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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