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  • English  (143)
  • 2020-2023  (134)
  • 2015-2019  (9)
  • 2020  (143)
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  • 1
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    10 Insights on Climate Impacts and Peace (2020)
    adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Climate change is one of the most pressing political issues of our time. Science is uncovering the unprecedented nature and scale of its impacts on people, economies and ecosystems worldwide. One critical dimension of these impacts is their effect on international peace and security.This report summarises the state of knowledge regarding security risks related to climate change. To this end, it synthesises and contextualises the existing scientific evidence. It does not reflect all aspects of the debate that have emerged across social science but focuses on those that are particularly relevant at the political level.Climate change itself is rarely a direct cause of conflict. Yet, there is ample evidence that its effects exacerbate important drivers and contextual factors of conflict and fragility, thereby challenging the stability of states and societies.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    2016 : Helmholtz investigating unknown worlds (2006-)
    Bonn : Helmholtz Association ; 2006-
    Associated volumes
    Details
    Call number: 3/S 07.0034(2016)
    In: Annual report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 51 Seiten
    ISSN: 1865-6439 , 1865-6447
    URL: Volltext
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annual report ... / Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    4D history of the Nimbus VHMS ore deposit in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia (2020)
    In:  Precambrian Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-14
    Description: Due to its unique mineralogy in the Archaean Yilgarn Craton, the origin of the high-grade Nimbus Ag-Zn-(Au) deposit has been contentious for a number of years. Recent interpretations of the deposit as a shallow water and low temperature volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit with epithermal characteristics (i.e. a hybrid bimodal-felsic deposit), were based on detailed studies of its volcanology, mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration assemblages, geochemistry, multiple S isotopes and trace element content of sulphide. However, this model has been questioned in favour of a late, epithermal fault-hosted system. Effective greenfields exploration for similar deposits elsewhere requires a robust deposit model, and well understood timing of ore formation. We present a comprehensive multi-disciplinary study to further constrain the processes involved in the evolution of Nimbus and generate a 4D evolutionary model of the system. Host rock dacite formation is well constrained by SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology to c. 2703 Ma. Re-Os ages for the first sulphide phase, gives an imprecise maximum age to the ore formation of 2682 ± 110 Ma. High precision Pb-isotope variations in ore-stage and late galenas track changes in the sulphides over time, complemented by new geochronology. The Pb-isotope data indicates that the polymetallic ore precipitation happened at the same time as the volcanism, with the second generation indicating minor, local remobilisation of Pb in late quartz-carbonate veins at c. 2630 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar dating of sericite-altered plagioclase from foliated dacite, and U-Pb SHRIMP dating of syn- to post-deformation monazites have yielded ages of ~2630 Ma. The late event at c. 2630 Ma is most likely related to widespread late low-Ca granite emplacement across the Eastern Goldfields. This study provides arguments that suggest that Nimbus is a syn-volcanic deposit. The ore timing is consistent with the model of replacement-type VHMS deposit, with the age of the main mineralisation similar to the age of the dacitic host-rocks at 2703 Ma. The late event modifies the pre-existing ore and overprints the previous ore-related alteration ages from the altered plagioclase. High precision, double spiked, Pb isotope constraints from late quartz-carbonate veins provides an opportunity to vector to hidden deposits.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    4D X-Ray CT data and surface view videos of analogue models exploring rift interaction in orthogonal and rotational extension (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-31
    Description: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution of 29 analogue models on crustal extension, as well as 4D CT imagery (figures and videos) of two of these experiments. The experiments examined the influence of the method for driving extension (orthogonal or rotational) on the interaction between rift segments using a brittle-viscous set-up. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (UB). Brittle and viscous layers are both 4 cm thick, extension velocities are 8 mm/h so that a model duration of 5 h yields a total extension of 40 mm (e = ca. 13%, given an initial model width of ca. 30 mm). Next to the mode of extension (orthogonal or rotational), we also test the effect of the degree of onderlap (angle φ). Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 5
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    A magmatic barcode for the São Francisco Craton: Contextual in-situ SHRIMP U Pb baddeleyite and zircon dating of the Lavras, Pará de Minas and Formiga dyke swarms and implications for Columbia and Rodinia reconstructions (2020)
    In:  Lithos
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Eoarchean to Rhyacian crust is preserved in the São Francisco Craton of eastern Brazil. To position this crustal segment in paleocontinental reconstructions, precise, accurate and robust geochronological data are necessary, especially for the diverse regional-scale mafic dyke swarms that crosscut the cratonic basement. This geochronological database can then be used to construct a magmatic barcode and compare it to the barcode of other cratons around the world, in search of similarities that might help to position these pieces in the paleocontinental puzzles. New Usingle bondPb SHRIMP contextual in-situ (thin section) dating of baddeleyite and zircon from six samples of three different dyke swarms in the southern São Francisco Craton, in addition to novel lithogeochemical and Ndsingle bondSr isotopic data, allow to pinpoint dyke emplacement at ca. 2.55 Ga (Lavras I swarm; εNd(t) = −6 to +2; TDM not calculable), ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga (Pará de Minas I and II dyke swarms; εNd(t) = −10 to −5; TDM = 2.5–3.0 Ga) and at ca. 900 Ma (Formiga dyke swarm; εNd(t) = −7 to 0; TDM = 1.4–2.3 Ga). The new geochronological data suggest a link between the regional dyke swarms and extensional stresses during the onset of crustal rifting related to the evolution of the Minas, Espinhaço and Macaúbas basins, respectively. A barcode comparison shows strong similarity between the São Francisco and North China cratons (Lavras-Taipingzhai/Naoyumen swarms, Pará de Minas-Taihang/Miyun swarms, Formiga/Pedro Lessa-Sariwon/Dashigou swarms; and possible correlations of the poorly dated 2.2–2.0 Ga Paraopeba swarm with similar aged swarms in North China), suggesting proximity of those two cratonic blocks, whether they were part or not of Proterozoic paleocontinents such as Columbia and Rodinia. The novel geochronological data support previous interpretations based on paleomagnetic data and provide further refinements of the geochronological record of the southern hemisphere cratonic blocks, allowing for better-tied global correlations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    A Multi‐Instrument Approach to Determining the Source‐Region Extent of EEP‐Driving EMIC Waves (2020)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-18
    Description: Recent years have seen debate regarding the ability of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to drive EEP (energetic electron precipitation) into the Earth's atmosphere. Questions still remain regarding the energies and rates at which these waves are able to interact with electrons. Many studies have attempted to characterize these interactions using simulations; however, these are limited by a lack of precise information regarding the spatial scale size of EMIC activity regions. In this study we examine a fortuitous simultaneous observation of EMIC wave activity by the RBSP-B and Arase satellites in conjunction with ground-based observations of EEP by a subionospheric VLF network. We describe a simple method for determining the longitudinal extent of the EMIC source region based on these observations, calculating a width of 0.75 hr MLT and a drift rate of 0.67 MLT/hr. We describe how this may be applied to other similar EMIC wave events.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    A multiplex, multi-timescale model approach for economic and frequency control in power grids (2020)
    In:  Chaos
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Power systems are subject to fundamental changes due to the increasing infeed of decentralized renewable energy sources and storage. The decentralized nature of the new actors in the system requires new concepts for structuring the power grid and achieving a wide range of control tasks ranging from seconds to days. Here, we introduce a multiplex dynamical network model covering all control timescales. Crucially, we combine a decentralized, self-organized low-level control and a smart grid layer of devices that can aggregate information from remote sources. The safety-critical task of frequency control is performed by the former and the economic objective of demand matching dispatch by the latter. Having both aspects present in the same model allows us to study the interaction between the layers. Remarkably, we find that adding communication in the form of aggregation does not improve the performance in the cases considered. Instead, the self-organized state of the system already contains the information required to learn the demand structure in the entire grid. The model introduced here is highly flexible and can accommodate a wide range of scenarios relevant to future power grids. We expect that it is especially useful in the context of low-energy microgrids with distributed generation. Highly decentralized power grids, possibly in the context of prosumer systems, require new concepts for their stable operation. We expect that both self-organized systems and intelligent devices with communication capability that can aggregate information from remote sources will play a central role. Here, we introduce a multiplex network model that combines both aspects and use it in a basic scenario and uncover surprising interactions between the layers.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    A review of tectonic models for the rifted margin of Afar: Implications for continental break-up and passive margin formation (2020)
    In:  Journal of African Earth Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-18
    Description: The Afar region represents a unique opportunity for the study of ongoing rift development and the various phases of continental break-up. In this work we discuss the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Western Afar Margin (WAM) and the various scenarios proposed for its evolution. A drastic decline in topography and crustal thickness from the Ethiopian Plateau into the Afar Depression, as well as a series of marginal grabens and a general presence of antithetic faulting characterize the WAM. Present-day extension is mostly accommodated at the rift axis in Afar, yet the margin is still undergoing significant deformation. Models for the evolution of the WAM involve either isostatic loading effects due to erosion, rifting-induced block rollover, large-scale detachment fault development or crustal flexure due to lithospheric stretching or magmatic loading. This wide variation of potential mechanisms for WAM development may reflect a general structural variation along the margin and in Afar, involving different stages of rift formation and possibly indicating two distinct pathways leading to continental break-up. In order to better understand the rifting mechanisms and to fully exploit the research potential of the region, further assessment of the WAM and its relation to Afar will be necessary. The findings of such future work, combined with data from rifts and passive margins from around the globe will be of great importance to assess the processes involved in continental breakup and to better constrain the sequence of events leading from initial rifting to break-up and oceanic spreading.
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    A safe operating space for New Zealand/Aotearoa (2020)
    Ministry for the Environment
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 10
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    A sectoral perspective on climate clubs (2020)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Much of the current literature on climate clubs sees mitigation costs creating free rider incentives as the main problem of climate policy. Climate clubs are supposed to solve this problem by creating additional incentives for mitigation. Looking more in detail, one sees that the situation differs from sector to sector. Some industry sectors indeed have substantial cost and competitiveness issues. In others such as electricity and transport, there are costs at micro level but balance for economy and society as a whole is rather positive. International climate policy in general and clubs in particular should therefore be tailored to sectoral specifics.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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