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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue reprint highlights seventy years since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1952 by Russian scientists LV Radushkevich and VM Lukyanovich in what was then the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. It also reflects the popularization by the well-known Japanese scientist S Iijima, since 1991, of carbon nanostructures, including CNTs, towards nanotechnology as a forever impactful and inspiring field. For researchers, academics, and teachers of all levels, from novice to expert to guru, the articles contained within this Special Issue are themed around sustainability from nanotechnology, pertaining to diameter measurement, rotor system molecular simulation, ultra-high tensile strength, energy, filtration via membrane distillation, environmental remediation using adsorption, ionic liquids as curing agents, biosensors and bioinspired sensors, and electrical/mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The CNT is a legacy 1D nanomaterial, only after which was 2D graphene able to emerge. This is a global and mixed-country authorship Special Issue, with this reprint containing articles from Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Spain, India, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the USA, Germany, Turkiye, and Malaysia. The Guest Editor is from Singapore and began publishing critical work on the CNT-polymer interface towards the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite up to 20 years ago.
    Keywords: CNTs ; MWCNTs ; SWCNTs ; polymer composite ; mechanical performance ; flexible capacitive sensors ; bioinspired spinosum ; CNT/PDMS nanocomposite ; tires ; transmission system ; carbon nanotube (CNT) ; hydroxyl groups ; response speed ; energy dissipation ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nanotube fibers ; tensile strength ; defect control ; controlled preparation ; dielectric polymer composites ; permittivity ; polymer nanocomposite ; electrical conductivity ; mixing ; polymer blends ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; carbon nanotube ; filler migration ; polyethylene ; lead ; arsenic ; adsorption ; poly(amidoamine) ; silver nanoparticles ; biosensor ; virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; toxicity ; biocompatibility ; electrospinning ; electrospraying ; nanomaterials ; nanostructured membrane ; nanocomposites ; seawater desalination ; temperature polarization ; flux ; solar energy ; dye degradation ; surface plasmon resonance effect ; TiO2/rGO/Ag ; hybrid nanostructures ; phosphorus ; encapsulation ; lithium-ion batteries ; atomic force microscopy ; diameter ; nanometrology ; epoxy resin ; ionic liquid ; nanocomposite ; curing agent ; dispersing agent ; mechanical properties ; lap shear ; conductivity ; melt-mixing ; polymer composites ; SWCNT ; PMMA ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural practices, industrial manufacturing, and household consumption are just a few of the activities that contribute to the production of food waste biomass. Modern environmental theories, like the circular economy, are thought to be the impulse behind the implementation of zero-waste policies. The huge percentage of such residual biomass has significant potential to be used as a raw material to produce novel products and specialty feedstock through biorefining procedures, even though the high volume of waste originating from the food industry raises serious concerns regarding both economic and environmental aspects. Given that many plant parts that are rejected during fruit and vegetable processing (e.g., leaves, branches, peels, roots, stems, and seeds) carry a sizable load of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, the recovery of valuable secondary metabolites from waste plant tissues is an appealing prospect in this regard. This specific group of substances exhibits a wide range of chemical compositions with diverse biological characteristics and functions, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities as well as chemoprotective effects against cancer and other degenerative diseases.
    Keywords: oyster shell waste ; washing method ; sodium chloride ; impurities ; particle size ; anaerobic digestion ; agricultural inputs ; biochemical methane potential ; biodegradability ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; manures ; agriculture ; agricultural waste management ; allelopathic effect ; invasive species ; phytoremediation ; rice straw ; rice bran ; rice husk ; agricultural waste ; valorization ; circular economy ; biomass ; bioeconomy ; kinetics ; lignocellulosic biomass ; mechanical pretreatment ; methane potential ; twin-screw extrusion ; fruit and vegetable ; biowaste ; synergies ; matchmaking ; platform ; industrial symbiosis ; waste management ; sustainability ; green building ; recycle ; food waste ; lightweight concrete ; lime concrete ; fruit shells ; coarse aggregate replacement ; sugarcane bagasse ; pentose liquor ; dark fermentation ; biohydrogen ; organic acids ; biorefinery ; fungi ; laccase ; microcosm ; homogenisation ; hemicellulose ; cellulose ; fibre ; conventional limestone ; waste brown eggshells ; polylactic acid ; mechanical properties ; bio-composite ; Aspergillus niger ; ellagitannins ; phenolic compounds ; punica granatum ; saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solid-state fermentation ; limonene ; alpha-pinene ; biotransformation ; terpene ; flavouring agent ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The effort of the Editors has received global attention. Indebtedness is due to Saha and Asif and coworkers from Canada, Joseph and Mahapatra and coworkers from Poland and India, Ramirez-Montoya and coworkers from Spain and Mexico, Mota-Panizio and coworkers from Portugal and Brazil, Izquierdo and Lopez-Coca and coworkers from Spain, Vinitnantharat and coworkers from Thailand and the UK, Roy and Fini and coworkers from India and the USA, Lawson and Luyima and coworkers from Ghana and South Korea, Fouad El Mansouri and coworkers from Morocco and Spain, and Man Zhang and Yaning Zhang and coworkers from China for the 10 scholarly research papers dealing with the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of new carbon materials. The applications are mainly centered around environmental remediation owing to the intensity of the problem and comprise of water decontamination and the removal of heavy metals and organic compounds like tannic acid from contaminated sources. The use of biochar in agriculture for preventing nitrogen leaching for soil has also been included. Unconventional carbon-related materials like rice husk ash and carbon steel slag were also used for exotic applications.
    Keywords: polymers ; biocompatible ; biodegradable ; compostable ; sustainable ; market dynamics ; research trends ; graphene ; graphene-like materials ; carbon ; biomass pyrolysis ; microwave pyrolysis ; OMWW ; adsorption ; carbon steel slag ; tannic acid ; biochar ; dry matter accumulation ; leaching of nitrogen ; nitrogen uptake ; tropical sandy soils ; sustainability ; carbon footprint ; rice husk ash ; lime ; silica ; asphalt ; concrete ; roadways ; fractionation ; heavy metal removal ; isotherm ; modified biochar ; WIEC ; carbonization ; pretreatment ; activation ; carbonaceous material ; hydrothermal carbon ; Castanea sativa ; biomass residues ; residue valorization ; per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) ; water decontamination ; porous carbon monolith ; whey ; biomass carbon ; mechanical properties ; C ; H ; N ; corn straw ; microwave heating ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint, titled ”Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Composites: Processing, Characterization, and Application”, is composed of 32 scientific works of scholars that contributed their own expertise passion, and science to expand the boundaries of knowledge by addressing new challenges. The topic of new biopolymer-based composite materials is addressed from several aspects, from the development to characterization and application, in several fields of scientific interest.
    Keywords: biopolymer-treated soil ; Xanthan Gum ; Guar Gum ; soil strength ; durability ; cyclic wetting-drying ; biodegradability ; carbon nanotubes ; graphene ; life cycle analysis ; nanocomposites ; packaging ; remediation ; starch ; aging ; coarse wool fibre ; hybrid composites ; natural rubber ; PALF ; sisal fibre ; mulch films ; biopolymers ; SDGs ; plastic pollution ; polymers ; microfluidics ; lab-on-chip ; biomedical engineering ; drug carrier ; artificial cell ; 3D bioprinting ; hydrogel films ; gelatin ; antimicrobial activity ; food packaging ; TGA ; biocomposites ; renewable sources ; wood waste ; waste valorization ; primerless-wet bonding ; resin adhesive system ; hybrid layer ; tensile bond strength ; micro-seal ; luting resin ; dental prosthesis ; fixed prosthodontics ; bioplastics ; conventional polymers ; renewable resources ; LCA ; fish collagen ; fish industry waste ; collagen extraction ; nano collagen ; sustainability ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) ; cellulose nanofiber ; bionanocomposite ; melt-extrusion processing ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; acrylonitrile butadiene rubber ; fish scale ; bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide ; composite ; compatibilizer ; collagen biopolymer ; unicornfish bone ; acid extraction ; characterization ; biocompatible ; biodegradable ; scaffolds ; tissue engineering ; lignin biopolymer ; erosion ; triaxial test ; wetting and drying cycles ; silt ; green macroalga ; red sea ; Chaetomorpha linum ; cellulose nanocrystals ; green silver nanoparticles ; bio-nanocomposite films ; optical properties ; Torenia fournieri ; zinc oxide nanoparticle ; smart packaging sensors ; wound healing ; biodegradable plastic ; circular economy ; pineapple ; tensile strength ; silver nanoparticles ; green synthesis ; Piper betle L. leaf ; pig lining leather ; antibacterial activity ; antifungal activity ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; spent coffee grounds (SCG) ; rheological properties ; mechanical properties ; chitosan ; nanofiber ; preparation ; applications ; wound dressing ; acetylation ; flour ; physicochemical properties ; modification ; wound dressings ; hydrogel ; honey ; natural polymer ; synthetic polymer ; PLA ; biodegradation ; sports equipment manufacturing ; arrowroot starch ; heat-moisture treatment ; octenylsuccinilation ; dual-modification ; functional properties ; glabridin ; 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid ; tranexamic acid ; microneedles ; pigmentation ; multifunctional drug ; hydrophilic bioplastics ; gum Arabic ; polyvinyl alcohol ; casting of poly-(methyl methacrylate) ; dehydration ; phosphorus pentoxide ; peeling ; microbial biodegradation ; green composites ; stem fiber ; crystallinity ; thermal behavior ; reinforcement material ; pineapple leaf fiber ; flax ; poly(butylene succinate) ; unidirectional composites ; microstructure ; sustainable materials ; epoxy resin ; Schiff base ; epoxidized soybean oil ; epoxy vitrimer ; reprocessability ; recyclability ; agroindustrial wastes ; biomaterials ; cellulose ; lignocellulosic biomass ; polylactic acid ; coir fiber ; bamboo leaf fiber ; annealing ; biocomposite ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials used to manufacture implants to replace lost or diseased biological structures in order to restore form and function. Biomaterials that require long-term service, such as orthopedic implants, need good physical and chemical stability, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys. The application of metal in biomedicine is becoming more and more common, but due to its various limitations, it is often necessary to modify its surface to obtain better performance and better clinical application. There are many technologies for the surface modification of medical metals, such as laser surface modification, chemical treatment, plasma surface modification, etc., and these technologies are still being developed to meet market demand. This reprint will provide important contributions related to the announced topics, focusing on biomedical metals and the surface modification technologies of biomedical metals.
    Keywords: titanium ; surface modification ; surface topographies ; multifunctional surfaces ; metamaterials ; 4D printing ; ZK60 magnesium ; micro-arc oxidation ; atmospheric plasma spraying ; corrosion ; additive manufacturing ; porous titanium ; implant coatings ; antibacterial agent ; laser cladding ; Ca/P bio-ceramic coating ; biocompatibility ; bioactivity ; wear resistance ; magnetite ; conversion coating ; optimization ; invitro cytotoxicity ; beta titanium alloy ; elastic modulus ; corrosion property ; osseointegration ; Ti-matrix composites (TMCs) ; graphene oxide (GO) ; mechanical properties ; reinforcement ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; femtosecond laser processing ; functional surfaces ; application ; composite ; 3D printing ; bioresorbable Fe-Cu-hydroxyapatite composite ; titanium alloy ; phosphate layer ; biomaterial ; zinc phosphate ; scholzite ; PVA films ; boric acid ; polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride ; antimicrobial properties ; surface treatment ; titanium alloys ; microstructure ; physicochemical properties ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mg alloy is the lightest metallic structural material and possesses the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetism shield, good damping capacity, good machinability, and easy recycling, etc. Therefore, it has extremely broad application prospects and has drawn considerable interest in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrical appliances, transportation, aerospace, and aviation. In addition, Mg alloys are gradually showing application potential in emerging industries, serving as biodegradable metals in the biomedical field, functional material for hydrogen storage, and so on. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Research Progress in High-Performance Magnesium Alloy and Its Applications”, presents recent developments and excellent results in the field of Mg alloys, and includes 10 articles and one editorial covering some interesting aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: grain refinement ; high strength and toughness ; {10–12} twin ; Mg-Gd-Y alloy ; multidirectional impact forging ; Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca ; Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase ; corrosion behaviors ; SKPFM ; boride ; MgB2 ; mechanical alloying ; ignition ; combustion ; flame temperature ; magnesium alloy ; biocompatibility ; surface coating modification ; corrosion resistance ; implantable bio-metal materials ; filler material ; welding ; scandium ; microstructure modification ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; texture ; stretch formability ; high temperature cross-rolling ; annealing ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; cold metal transfer ; Al-Mg alloys ; orthogonal experiment ; Mg-Bi-Ca alloy ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; dynamic recrystallization kinetics ; Mg alloy ; twinning ; random orientation ; compression ; room temperature ; backward extrusion ; tensile strength ; failure mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue covers manufacturing of a smart polymer composites via choice of ingredients, such as polymer, filler, and additives, as well as their unique composition. It also covers the smart processing of polymer composites, which is influenced by the choice of mixers, processing condition, processing technique, etc.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane ; expanded bead ; supercritical CO2 foaming ; expansion ratio ; resilience ; hardness ; poly(lactic acid) ; lignin ; maleic anhydride ; chemical modification ; 3D printing filament ; SEBS ; membrane ; water uptake ; impedance spectroscopy ; ionic conductivity ; phlogopite ; natural rubber (NR) ; ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) ; mechanical properties ; compatibility ; nylon 6 ; polyketone ; chain extender ; hydrogen bonding ; chain branching ; chain crosslinking ; melt viscosity ; shape memory polymer ; NIR light responsive ; semicrystalline maleated polyolefin elastomer ; polyaniline ; melt blending ; adhesive ; fluorosilicone ; thermal conductivity ; magnesium oxide ; boron nitride ; syntactic foams ; hyperbranched polymer ; polyamide 6 ; hollow glass microsphere ; lubricant ; compatibilizer ; composites ; silica ; silane ; hydrolysis ; interfacial adhesion ; zinc mechanism ; hybrid flame retardant materials ; influence of gypsum ; minimum total heat release ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: There is increasingly intensive research for energy storage technologies development due to the enhanced energy needs of the contemporary societies. Increased global energy consumption results in the reduction in the availability of traditional energy resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systems development based on the conversion and storage of sustainable and clean energy. Phase change materials (PCMs) are one of the key components for the development of advanced sustainable solutions in renewable energy and engineering systems. In order to update the field of renewable energy and engineering systems with the use of PCMs, a Special Issue entitled “Phase Change Materials: Design and Applications” is introduced. This book gathers and reviews the collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), with authors from Europe, Asia and Americam accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.
    Keywords: phase change materials ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; building applications ; construction materials ; phase-change material ; dispersion ; thermal-mechanical stability ; viscosity ; supercooling ; nucleating agent ; cold storage ; battery cooling ; LPMO ; Fourier Transform ac Voltammetry (FTacV) ; cyclic voltammetry ; Direct Electron Transfer (DET) ; lathrate hydrate ; tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) ; crystal growth ; ultrasonic vibration ; polyurethane elastomers ; microencapsulated PCMs ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; phase change material ; sugar alcohol ; erythritol ; latent heat storage ; thermal stability ; degradation kinetics ; PCM ; mini-channels ; air ; melting ; solidification ; latent heat thermal energy storage ; phase change materials (PCM) ; macro-encapsulation ; rectangular slab ; experimental study ; sodium nitrate ; thermal conductivity ; microencapsulation ; latent heat ; multicriteria decision ; finite element ; automotive ; energy storage ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the last decade, design and material innovations for manufacturing composites have reached new heights. Thermoplastic polymers and their composites have become the most in-demand materials in recent times as they provide numerous advantages over thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers have a high damage tolerance, high impact resistance, recyclability, formability, weldability, repairability, and cost-effectiveness compared with thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers and composites are widely used in automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics, industrial, and medical applications. Thermoplastic composites are estimated to grow from USD 28.0 billion in 2019 to USD 36.0 billion by 2024. High-performance thermoplastic materials are used in conjunction with a multitude of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, thermoforming, prepreg, liquid injection processes, automated tape placement, filament winding, pultrusion, additive manufacturing, and other processes. The material limits, design, and assembly requirements, as well as the processing constraints, are significantly important for the realisation of novel product development using a manufacturing process by simultaneously optimising reliability, safety, and other performance-related issues. The current thermoplastic material systems and manufacturing techniques still have plenty of room for optimisation and advancement. This reprint presents the latest scientific and technical advances in thermoplastic materials and their composites, processing, characterisation, product development, and manufacturing process parameter optimisations.
    Keywords: thermoplastic composites ; automated tape placement ; fibre misalignment ; voids ; CT scan ; circular distribution ; textured surface ; scratch ; scratch resistance ; thermoplastic polymer ; finite element modelling ; antimicrobial ; metallic ions ; ligand ; copper nanoparticles ; polypropylene ; thermoplastic resin ; process modeling ; filament winding ; automated fiber placement ; EWF ; polymer-layered silicates ; oMMT ; clay minerals ; mechanical properties ; nanocomposite ; physio-thermo-mechanical properties ; polyurethane ; polymers ; bio-applications ; energetic binder ; block copolyurethane ; sensitivity ; mechanical property ; thermal behavior ; bone scaffold ; recycled bone powder ; chitosan ; PLA ; PCL ; antibacterial activity ; aircraft cabin interior panels ; optimal curing of prepregs ; foams ; non-structural composite panels ; thermoplastic starch ; nanocomposites ; biopolymers ; properties ; packaging ; nanofiller ; vacuum forming ; thermoplastic face sheets ; polyphenylene sulfone ; cardo fragments ; IR spectroscopy ; heat resistance ; thermostability ; FDM ; oil palm fiber ; ABS ; rheology ; 4D printing ; material programming ; digital fabrication ; shape-memory polymers ; PPS ; carbon nanotubes ; thermal analysis ; electrical properties ; rheological properties ; resin transfer molding ; non-crimp fabrics ; consolidation ; ultra-high molecular weight component ; rheological property ; crystallization behavior ; polyimide foam ; rigid closed-cell foam ; high temperature ; benzimidazole ; polyamide 12 ; carbon nanofiller ; carbon nanotube ; graphene nanoplatelet ; 3D printing ; thermal conductivity ; compound ; fluorinated aromatic polyimide ; low dielectric loss ; molecular chain orientation ; molecular dynamics simulation ; long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ; fiber length ; fiber orientation ; injection molding ; hollow composite tubes ; bending ; failure mechanisms ; in situ consolidation ; void content ; processing parameters ; thermosetting resins ; thermoplastics ; co-bonding ; interphase ; diffusion ; adhesion ; phosphorescent composites ; compatibilizer ; thermal and mechanical ; composite ; thermoplastic ; thermoforming ; simulation ; Taguchi ; DOE ; oil palm fiber composites ; 3D composites ; thermoset ; off-axis flexure behaviour ; on-axis flexure behaviour ; hybrid fibers ; hybrid composites ; vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) ; fracture toughness ; fractography ; reinforcements ; thermal properties ; biobased polymer composites ; polymer modification ; PBAT ; starch ; microcrystalline cellulose ; biodegradable ; polyethylene glycol ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) ; supercritical CO2 ; foam ; thermoplastic matrix composites ; impregnation processes ; manufacturing ; fiber reinforced ; processing ; retrogradation ; extrusion ; co-plasticization ; isosorbide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration.
    Keywords: bone ; collagen type I ; alginate ; conditioned medium ; viability ; MSC ; osteogenesis ; pulsed electromagnetic field ; osteogenic factors ; wool keratin scaffolds ; bone tissue engineering ; biocompatibility ; biomaterials ; bone augmentation ; bone conduction ; bone grafting ; calcium hydroxyapatite ; tissue regeneration ; dental implants ; osseointegration ; osteoporosis ; zoledronate ; animal model ; titanium membrane ; titanium foil ; occlusive titanium barrier ; guided bone regeneration ; osteoporotic condition ; xenograft ; bone regeneration ; titanium implants ; additive manufacturing ; reused powder ; unit cell topology ; tissue engineering ; mechanical properties ; stem cells ; surface functionalization ; titanium ; protein adsorption ; surface modifications ; cell interactions ; collagen hydrogel ; cell delivery ; olfactory ectomesenchyme stem cells ; bioactive glasses ; alkali-free ; sol–gel ; bone remodeling ; bone disorders ; biomechanics ; scaffolds ; microenvironment ; 3D bioprinting ; computational modeling ; bone implant ; bone defects ; chitosan ; degree of deacetylation ; bone formation ; X-ray micro CT ; histology ; sheep tibia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The direction of fiber orientation plays a crucial role in deciding the mechanical performance of textile structural composites. Unlike conventional composite materials, geometrically oriented textile structures, e.g., woven, knitted, and braided constructions, can be designed and developed for load bearing in a particular direction. Their properties can be enhanced by modifying the geometry and material composition. One major challenge in producing textile structural composites with superior mechanical properties at a reasonably lower price is cost effective prepreg. Composites constructed from reinforcement having a well-defined geometry perform better than randomly oriented fibers at a reasonable cost. Their flex fatigue is superior to conventional preforms in specific applications. This Special Issue invites research as well as review articles dealing with different types of (2D, 3D, multiaxial) woven, knitted, and braided structures for load bearing structural composite applications. Use of industrial multifilament yarns of pure and hybrid composition in textile geometrical reinforcement structures can also be included. The methods of impregnation of such structures by thermoplastic and thermoset resins should be described. The superior performance in such structural composites must be highlighted. Methods of characterizing woven, knitted, and braided textile reinforced composites is the focus of this issue. Current and future applications of advanced textile structural composites can be summarized in the submitted articles. Theoretical (computational, numerical simulation etc.) as well as experimental work can be submitted with sufficient scientific innovation.
    Keywords: hybrid composite ; polyester waste fiber ; olive root fiber ; coir pith filler ; building materials ; mixture design analysis ; recycled cotton ; glass ; hollow knitted composite ; compression ; flexural modulus ; impact energy ; quasi-static test ; cyclic fatigue ; wavy-lap bond ; natural cotton fabric ; polymer composite ; mechanical properties ; service life ; safety ; SEM ; pressure-actuated cellular structure ; shape morphing ; compliant mechanism ; anisotropic flexure hinges ; textile-reinforced polymer composite ; integrally woven structure ; resin ; glass cloth ; substrate ; glass transition temperature ; surface finish ; pad cratering ; thermal resistance ; textile structural composite ; 3D weaving ; hollow structure ; spacer fabric ; woven honeycomb ; sandwich ; waste cotton ; impact ; flexural rigidity ; hybrid woven reinforcement ; preforming ; carbon-Kevlar ; epoxy resin ; add-on (%) ; amount of hardener (%) ; curing temperature ; curing time ; molding pressure ; fiber composites ; FRP ; architecture ; architectured materials ; hysteresis ; auxetic ; non-Newtonian fluids ; low-velocity impact ; personal protection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: There has been significant growth in branches of industry directly related to new materials, such as metals, polymers, and composite materials. Considering the increase in material costs, it has become exceedingly important to produce lightweight constructions through the use of certified materials with appropriate mechanical properties. Many composite materials, especially in building engineering, are characterized by the use of waste materials, allowing them to meet environmental demands and often also positively affecting the performance (as well as mechanical) properties of the whole construction. A similar phenomenon has been noticed in polymers and metals, with the “ecologically friendly” factor having increasing influence in such materials. The main aim of our Special Issue was to gather novel research results concerning different materials available for all important industries—building engineering, the heavy industry, automotive, aerospace, and medicine. Such a general title has been proposed to also include different manufacturing technologies using various materials—conventional (milling, casting, forming, and turning) and novel (hybrid and additive manufacturing).
    Keywords: additive manufacturing ; powder bed fusion ; 316L stainless steel ; ultrasonic atomization ; gas atomization ; three-point bending ; polyamide-based composites ; fused filament fabrication ; concrete additives ; concrete fibers ; concrete strength tests ; threshold effect ; flake graphene ; graphene oxide ; reduced graphene oxide ; lubricants ; grease ; fatigue life prediction ; CuZn37 brass ; machine learning ; IPCs ; ceramic preform ; ceramic–elastomer composite ; silane coupling agent ; hot isostatic pressing (HIP) ; wettability ; mechanical properties ; mechanical engineering ; laser powder bed fusion ; 21 NiCrMo2 steel ; process parameters ; post-heat treatment ; torsional strength ; cellular structures ; 20MnCr5 Steel ; cement–glass composite bricks ; digital image correlation analysis ; material extrusion ; PET-G ; waste disposal ; hybrid additive manufacturing ; lattice structures ; hot isostatic pressing ; fatigue behaviour ; polymer–straw boards ; thermoplastic polymers ; annual plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A collection of articles published under the guidance of Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Andrei Victor SANDU in the Special Issue "Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume II". The published articles under this Special Issue represent an excellent collection of research and review articles with cutting-edge results that promote sustainable development in the field of material engineering.
    Keywords: sheep wool thermal-insulating mattresses ; air quality ; water vapor permeability ; formaldehyde ; road concrete ; porosity ; (NMR) relaxometry ; freeze–thaw ; blast furnace slag ; bismuth ; intermetallic compound ; IMC thickness ; mechanical properties ; isothermal annealing ; geopolymer ; fly ash ; GGBFS ; compressive strength ; soil stabilization ; flowable composite resin ; hydrochloric acid ; surface roughness ; toothbrush ; thermal insulation ; recycling ; polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ; polyester (PES) ; natural fibres ; sheep wool ; chia seed oil ; fatty acids composition ; epoxidized vegetable oil ; epoxy equivalent weight ; shear thickening fluids ; aging ; lightfastness ; product degradation ; rigid pavement ; fly ash based geopolymer ; acid resistance ; selective laser sintering ; spread the powder quality ; parameter optimization ; DEM ; RSM ; NSGA-II ; 9K medium ; bioleaching ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ; pollution indices ; ecological risk ; polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate foam ; blended geopolymer foam ; high temperature ; pre-foaming method ; hydroxyapatite ; lysine ; inorganic–organic composite ; glassy carbon electrode ; electrode coating ; electrochemical analysis ; Nile blue A ; multi-beam box girder bridge ; ESP strengthening ; field test ; load lateral transferring performance ; structural stiffness ; densified wood ; ammonia ; Brinell hardness ; Paulownia ; hornbeam ; geopolymers ; laser sintering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint covers the latest developments in the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymer processing and utilization, highlighting cutting-edge research focusing on the processing of advanced polymers and their composites. It demonstrates that the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers is still gaining increased attention. Innovative approaches as well as advanced applications of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers in different fields, such as energy, environment, biomedical, biomaterial, and engineering, are reported in this reprint.
    Keywords: outdoor wood mats-based engineering composite ; wood-degrading fungi ; decay resistance ; durability ; nanohydrogels ; citral ; sustained-release ; mechanism ; bamboo ; anti-mould ; rosin modification ; round bamboo culm ; visual characteristics ; eye tracking ; surfactant ; urea-formaldehyde resin ; laminated bamboo veneer ; gluability ; wood–plastic composites ; heat transfer modeling ; sweet sorghum ; high-density polyethylene ; hot-pressing ; fibrovascular bundle ; salacca frond ; modified orientation board ; citric acid ; Aquilaria crassna wood ; natural rubber ; antifungal ; lignin ; proteins ; compression performance ; load–displacement curves ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; failure mode ; coupling agent ; interfacial bonding ; oriented strand–thermoplastic composites ; wood veneer–thermoplastic composites ; cross-laminated timber ; stability coefficient ; axial compression ; timber structures ; slenderness ratio ; Chinese pine wood ; pine needles ; bamboo culms ; bamboo leaves ; industrial hemp hurd ; CMC ; DS ; mechanical properties ; TG ; XRD ; FTIR ; chitosan ; tartaric acid ; nanocrystal ; self-assembly ; evaporation ; dehydration of crystallization ; biopolymers ; sustainability ; emergy accounting ; polyhydoxyalkanoates ; slaughterhouse residues ; poly(lactic acid) ; impact modifier ; polymer blends ; properties ; multilayered bamboo fiber ; topochemistry ; microscopic imaging ; gradient micromechanics ; core–shell structure ; hydrogel ; double load ; response surface ; acidic treatment ; colour ; mould-resistant ; starch ; Phyllostachys pubescens ; fibre ; lignification ; micro-morphological regions of cell wall ; syringyl lignin ; guaiacyl lignin ; visible-light spectrophotometry ; electrochemical method ; moisture content ; shrinkage strain ; wood water loss ; konjac glucomannan ; oxidized hyaluronic acid ; hydrogels ; tung oil ; thermal treatment ; color ; cellulose fibers ; adsorption ; Cr(VI) ; sulfhydryl-modified ; water resistance ; bamboo scrimber composite ; bonding interface ; polymer soil consolidation agent ; preparation conditions ; consolidated adhesive film ; compressive strength ; seedling transplanting ; chemical change ; thermal property ; delignification ; pyrolysis ; bamboo microstructure ; shear performance ; test methods ; moso bamboo ; fracture behavior ; shearing characteristics ; transparent bamboo ; optical properties ; functionalization and application ; glycerin ; sodium alginate ; tensile strength ; elongation at break ; poplar ; cell walls ; cross-linking modification ; wood properties ; egg white hydrogel ; dual cross-linking ; metal ions ; secondary structure ; biocompatibility ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint is a collection of papers published in a Special Issue that collected the recent advances within and investigations of the research fields of manufacturing and the characterisations or modelling of materials. The variety and quality of all these papers are addressed to both academic and industrial researchers who are looking for new information that can contribute to the advancement of future research in these highly challenging fields.
    Keywords: ATIG welding ; mixing design method ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; pseudo-ternary flux ; 316L SS ; mathematical modeling ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; dynamic deformation behavior ; Cowper-Symonds model ; texture ; Hall–Petch relationship ; textile signal lines ; textronic systems ; data transmission over textiles ; smart textiles ; characteristic impedance ; signal quality tests ; smart garments ; e-textiles ; steel bar structures ; parametric design ; genetic algorithms ; structural optimization ; lightweight structures ; manufacturing and processing ; laminated composite double-cylindrical shell system ; improved Fourier series ; Rayleigh–Ritz method ; free vibration ; steady-state response ; hydrogen embrittlement ; nanograined materials ; intergranular deformation ; brittle fracture ; grain refinement ; magnesium alloy AZ91 ; short carbon fibers ; compressive strength ; wear resistance ; wear mechanisms ; wear debris ; hydrogen ; hydrogen fuel cell ; depressurization ; orifice plate structure ; computational fluid dynamics ; numerical model ; roughness surface ; morphological characterization ; characterization parameter set ; redundant parameter set ; ISO25178 ; face gears ; 3D optical scanning ; point clouds ; tooth surface deviations ; loaded tooth contact analysis ; meshfree method ; laminated composite shell ; rotating shell ; free vibration analysis ; thermal effect ; Rayleigh–Ritz technology ; laminated submarine-like model ; annular plate ; vibration analysis ; molecular dynamics ; dislocation nucleation ; plastic deformation ; aluminum alloys ; AA6082-T6 ; AA2011-T6 ; friction stir spot welding ; friction stir deposition ; keyhole refilling ; ultrasonic-assisted thermal forming ; ultrasonic softening effect ; stress reduction amplitude ; evolution of microstructure ; AZ91D magnesium alloy ; laser cladding ; Al-Si + Y2O3 coating ; tribological property ; corrosion resistance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The first three papers describe research activities about poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based blends and their composites with wheat bran that were carried out under the framework of the BIONTOP project ("Novel Packaging Films and Textiles with Tailored End of Life and Performance Based on Bio-based Copolymers and Coatings", 837761) funded by the European Commission BBI-JU program. The melt fluidity, morphological, thermo-mechanical, creep and fracture properties of these promising biodegradable materials were considered and discussed. The reprint then includes two contributions (a review and a research article) written in the contest of ECOFUNCO project ("ECO Sustainable Multi FUNctional Biobased COATings with Enhanced Performance and End of Life Options", 837863) funded by the European Commission BBI-JU program. The review explores possible innovations in the field of solid and liquid biobased coatings, whereas the research article examines the modification of paper tissues with biobased additives for sustainable personal care applications. A research paper on the production of PLA-based composites to valorize hazelnut shell powder, which represents an agro-food waste, is also included in the reprint. Moreover, the reprint presents research papers investigating different biobased materials for environmental depollution, including hydrogel-based, bacterial cellulose-based and biochar-based materials. Finally, a research paper on the behavior of natural rubber during aging is presented.
    Keywords: bacteria cellulose ; poly Schiff base ; chromium ; adsorption ; poly(lactic) acid (PLA) ; poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) ; binary blends ; micromechanical analysis ; mechanical tests ; polyurethane-biochar crosslinked material ; modified filter additive ; phosphorus release and adsorption ; bioretention facilities ; stormwater treatment ; rubber waterstop ; low temperature ; aging performance ; microscopic examination ; mechanism analysis ; fibrillated nanocellulose ; hydrogel ; methyl orange ; polymer ; creep ; micromechanics ; coatings ; active molecules ; barrier properties ; biocomposites ; natural fibers ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; extrusion compounding ; fracture mechanics ; chitin nanofibrils ; polyphenols ; paper tissues ; mechanical properties ; bio-based coatings ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This reprint focuses on the research of textile materials for conventional and protective clothing. More than ever, multidisciplinary research applied to the field of new textile materials and new techniques of processing and joining materials is needed. The main research topics of this Special Issue include research and development of new materials and the improvement of their properties, and the mechanical and thermal properties of yarns, materials and clothing. Simulations based on the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics for the purpose of prediction assessment of the appearance and behavior of clothing, as well as 3D virtual garment prototypes using 3D body models and involving 3D human-body scanning, are interesting and significant topics in the field of clothing engineering. The problem of microplastics that are produced during the manufacture or cleaning of synthetic textiles has also been investigated in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electroconductive material ; polyamide ; silver ; shielding effectiveness ; wet cleaning ; dry cleaning ; polyurethane ; material ; clothing ; mechanical properties ; heat resistance ; woven fabric ; plain weave ; electrically conductive yarn ; resistance ; tensile force ; elongation ; knit ; plain stitch ; multi-filament yarn ; 3D model ; stretching ; air permeability ; fashion design ; textile material ; textile pattern ; thermal camouflage ; biomimetic ; leather ; drape coefficient ; leather rigidity ; drapability ; leather thickness ; kinematic 3D human-body model ; sitting posture ; Blender software ; virtual prototyping ; personalized clothing ; linen fabric ; warp crimp ; calculated crimp ; experimental crimp ; moisture vapor permeability ; ecofriendly fiber ; Tencel ; bamboo ; KES-F7 ; pore diameter ; fabric ; drape ; physical and mechanical properties ; polygonal model ; 3D simulation ; linen/silk fabric ; pilling resistance ; singeing ; pigment and reactive printing ; electrospinning ; nanofibres ; filtration ; particles retention ; multilayer systems ; clothing physiology ; tight-fitting sportswear ; running test on a treadmill ; thermal comfort ; skin temperature ; perspiration ; protective clothing for firefighters ; flame manikin ; fire resistant materials ; flammability of materials ; thermal decomposition ; microplastics ; wastewater ; textiles ; polyester ; polyester ageing ; bibliometric analysis ; research trend ; artificial intelligence ; Web of Science ; 3D printing ; textile applications ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; breaking force ; knee protector ; FR fabric ; printing ; wash fastness ; spectrophotometry ; cotton fabric ; Proban® ; environmentally friendly washing procedure ; flame retardant durability ; MCC ; appearance ; knitted fabric ; cycle load ; elastic limit ; elastane ; hysteresis curve ; socks ; modal ; micro modal ; yarn type ; durability ; comfort ; textile testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Billions of people suffer from dental problems. Paradoxically, the deteriorating state of teeth is accompanied by the ever-increasing desire to preserve the best facial appearance, which is significantly influenced by teeth aesthetics. This favors the development of dental materials and manufacturing technologies for dental prosthetics, needed to achieve expected effects of clinical treatment.This reprint focus on enhancing antimicrobial and mechanical properties of polymeric materials and composites for dentistry. In recent years, special attention has been focused on the possibility of giving materials new or improved properties by the introduction of nano or submicron size additives, fibers or whiskers. Using agents such as natural oils to enhance antimicrobial properties remains an exciting idea. Another area of research is the application of antibacterial monomers, which can be copolymerized in resins to kill oral pathogenic microflora. The use of new monomers or new compilations of various monomers to improve mechanical properties has also aroused interest. In addition, we are currently looking for new data regarding colonization of dental materials by pathogenic microbes and their influence on the other properties. Further, there are many new commercially available materials which should be investigated to verify their properties, which is important from the point of view of clinical practice. Original new research and reviews related to any of the topics mentioned above indicate the current directions of development of dental materials. We hope that the presented work will be of interest to readers.
    Keywords: dental cements ; ethanol ; water ; resistance ; DTS ; Vickers hardness ; dental materials ; dimethacrylates ; polymer networks ; structure ; morphology ; degree of conversion ; crosslink density ; physical crosslinking ; hydrogen bonds ; mechanical properties ; water sorption ; polymethyl methacrylate ; denture ; antibacterial properties ; silver ; sorption ; solubility ; wear resistance ; FRC ; bonding ; technique ; fiber ; reinforced ; composite ; spot ; mechanical ; deflection ; orthodontics ; brushing ; wear ; retainer ; splint ; load ; direct pulp capping ; indirect pulp capping ; ProRoot MTA ; MTA Angelus ; retroMTA ; biodentine ; theraCal LC ; ACTIVA BioACTIVE ; vital pulp therapy ; glass fiber ; composite post ; endodontic therapy ; etching ; post and core technique ; silane ; glass-ionomer cements ; resin-modified ; fibre ; reinforcement ; nanoparticles ; testing ; strength ; P2O5-bioglass ; zirconia ; melt-quenching ; SBF ; hydroxyapatite ; in vitro bioactivity ; essential oils ; oral pathogens ; antibacterial activity ; S. mutans ; L. acidophilus ; C. albicans ; antifungal activity ; resin composite ; wettability ; biofilm formation ; cytotoxicity ; polymers ; antimicrobial properties ; infiltrants ; metronidazole ; dental ceramics ; spectroscopy ; IR ; FT-IR ; Raman spectroscopy ; UV-Vis ; X-ray spectroscopy ; XRF ; XRD ; MS ; dental resins ; UDMA ; Bis-GMA ; Bis-EMA ; TEGDMA ; hardness ; water absorption ; water dissolution ; CAD-CAM ; inlay ; lithium disilicate ; zirconium dioxide ; root caries ; infiltration ; microstomatology ; adhesive ; bracket ; dentures ; denture adhesives ; human fibroblasts ; composite resins ; Streptococcus mutans ; dental caries ; bacterial adhesion ; oleic acid ; PMMA ; filamentation ; biofilm ; antimicrobial surface ; Candida albicans ; colonization ; penetration ; dimethacrylate copolymers ; quaternary ammonium methacrylates ; urethane-dimethacrylates ; photocurable copolymers ; water behavior ; thermoplastic materials ; laboratory protocol ; texture ; roughness ; biomaterial ; polymer ; microbial degradation ; artificial saliva ; mucins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue reprint, “Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites II”, addresses high-quality original and review papers, focused on the scientific discussion and practical application in the field of functional polymer nanocomposites, including: (a) optoelectronic materials (papers 1-9); (b) biomedical materials (papers 10-14); and (c) other functional polymer nanocomposites (papers 15-23). We hope that this Special Issue reprint can promote academic research exchanges and identify and respond to tremendous challenges of research in this burgeoning field.
    Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride ; jet cavitation ; silicone ; thermal conductivity ; silica sol ; soft contact lens ; poly(HEMA-co-NVP) ; oxygen permeability ; hydrophilicity ; POSS ; phenolic resin ; hydrogen bonding ; supercapacitors ; parylene ; CVD ; bioremediation ; polymer ; cellulase ; Bacillus ; Li4Ti5O12 ; polyimide ; carbon coating ; lithium ion battery ; rate performance ; polyaniline ; ferrite ; α″-Fe16N2 ; superparamagnetic ; inverse suspension polymerization ; β-tricalcium phosphate ; biocomposites ; osteoconduction ; polycaprolactone ; epoxy resin ; nanocomposites ; silica nanoparticles ; mechanical behavior ; high strain rate ; split Hopkinson bar ; FeNC catalyst ; polyimine ; two-stage calcination ; oxygen reduction reaction ; bone tissue regeneration ; chitosan nanocomposites ; critical size defect ; graphene oxide ; titanium dioxide nanoparticles ; polymer electrolytes ; composites ; biopolymers ; zinc batteries ; magnesium batteries ; properties ; graphene ; carbon nanotubes ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; Nepenthes structure ; bionic replica ; zwitterion polymers ; self-driving water ; unidirectional water delivery ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection ; cable joint ; liquid silicone rubber ; nonlinear conductivity ; space charge ; magnetic nanomaterials ; conjugated polymers ; poly-N-phenylanthranilic acid ; one-step synthesis ; IR heating ; natural rubber latex ; Bi2O3 ; BaSO4 ; X-ray shielding ; gloves ; mechanical properties ; poly ionic liquids ; nanofibers ; electrospinning ; gold nanoparticles ; hybrid nanocomposites ; polyurethanes ; solution blow spinning ; dielectrics ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) ; dry coating ; solvent-free process ; discrete core-shell coating ; propargyl methacrylate (PMA) ; mesoporous carbon microbeads (MCMB) ; solid electrolyte interface (SEI) ; reinforcement ; nanocomposite ; application ; supramolecular micelle ; C60 ; hydroxyl radical scavenger ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection ; water pollutants ; bionic nanostructure ; silver nanoislands ; thermal evaporation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Microbial Biopolymers: Trends in Synthesis, Modification and Applications" is a comprehensive reprint that explores the latest research and innovations in the field of biopolymers. The reprint covers the production and functionalization of two key types of microbial biopolymers: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs). With contributions from leading experts in the field, the reprint provides a thorough overview of the production processes, chemical and physical properties, and applications of these biopolymers. The reprint is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals interested in developing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics and materials.
    Keywords: P(3HB-co-4HB) ; 4HB contents ; mixtures ; thermal properties ; rheological properties ; mechanical properties ; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ; PHA isolation ; extremophiles ; halophiles ; thermophiles ; Halomonas halophila ; Schlegelella thermodepolymerans ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; P(3HB-co-4HB) foams ; expansion ratio ; chain extender ; P. frutescens ; M. oleifera ; mixed seed oil ; microemulsion ; emulgel ; polyhydroxyalkanoate ; mcl-PHA ; Pseudomonas resinovorans ; mixed alkane ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; poly(3-hydroxybutrate) ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; lignocellulosic waste ; cardboard waste ; waste management ; Bacillus sp. ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; plasticizer ; biodegradation ; Microbulbifer sp. SOL66 ; polyhydroxybutyrate 1 ; Halomonas sp. YK44 2 ; galactose 3 ; bio-hydrogen ; poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) ; tissue engineering ; 3D porous scaffolds ; human gingival fibroblasts ; periodontal ligament stem cells ; n/a ; levansucrase ; thermostability ; levan ; product specificity ; application ; exopolysaccharide ; Bacillus ; emulsifying ; antioxidant ; biopolymers ; exopolysaccharides ; EPS composites ; healthcare ; food ; EPS monosaccharidic composition ; water deprivation ; soil restoration ; dehydration ; biocrusts ; biofilms ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This is a reprint of the Special Issue entitled “Wood-Based Materials in Building” and deals with the latest developments in reinforcing construction materials, their joining, glulam–concrete composite beams, the effect of fire-retarding wood on its strength, and the applicability of newly developed wood-based boards and composite insulation materials produced with the use of wood by-products.
    Keywords: timber–timber joints ; single-step joint ; double-step joint ; resource efficient construction ; digital image correlation ; finite element analysis ; wood ; fire retardants ; artificial ageing ; compression strength ; polyurethane foam ; wood by-products ; filler ; cellular structure ; performance properties ; bolts ; dowels ; dowel-type fasteners ; FEM ; frame connection ; fully threaded screws ; glued laminated timber ; numerical model ; rotational stiffness ; bark ; chipboard ; sawdust ; wood-based material ; wood chips ; formaldehyde emission ; mechanical properties ; UF resin ; plywood ; wood-base materials ; bolts and dowels ; apex connection ; folding mechanism ; FEA ; panelized light frame roof ; glulam-concrete composite beam ; timber board interlayer ; bending performance ; finite element model ; parametric study ; glued laminated beams ; fibre-reinforced timber ; load-bearing capacity ; stiffness ; ductility ; modulus of elasticity ; bending test ; carbon cords ; carbon laminates ; knots ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains 12 high-quality original research papers by 74 authors from 17 countries on 3 continents: Asia (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Russia), Europe (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom), and North America (USA). These papers were published in a Special Issue, “Performance and Modification of Wood and Wood-Based Materials”, of the journal Forests. They provide examples concerning conventional and novel modification processes of wood and wood-based materials, their improved/modified properties, and their relevant applications.
    Keywords: heat treatment ; Chinese fir ; TD-NMR ; free water ; bound water ; MC ; birch wood ; spent engine oil ; water resistance ; biostability ; dimensional stability ; black alder ; birch ; color ; varnish system ; surface pre-treatment ; sanding ; thermal compression ; artificial aging ; wood plastic composite ; rubberwood ; polyethylene terephthalate ; silica ; thermo-hydro-mechanical densification ; Scots pine ; creep compliance ; thermal modification ; resin impregnation ; wood ; Maillard reaction ; thermal/chemical treatment ; mechanical properties ; infrared spectroscopy ; biological properties ; thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment ; molecular dynamics ; wood cellulose ; Acacia hybrid ; fast-growing ; copper chrome arsenic ; physical and mechanical properties ; coir fiber ; alkali treatment ; parameter optimization ; black locust wood ; ThermoWood process ; colour ; extractives ; chemical changes ; FTIR spectroscopy ; thermal densification ; plywood properties ; wood veneers ; Eucalyptus urograndis ; Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis ; infection classes ; chemical analysis ; FTIR analysis ; fungal decay ; termite attack ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: With the continuous advancement of coastal, offshore, and deep-sea engineering construction (e.g. marine oil, gas, and mineral resource development, offshore wind power projects), associated studies on marine geological environments and hazards have also advanced in parallel. This reprint“Advances in Marine Engineering: Geological Environment and Hazards” is formed by a Special Issue (SI) that was organized by Prof. Xiaolei Liu from the Ocean University of China, Prof. Thorsten Stoesser from the University College London, and Dr. Xingsen Guo from the University College London to document research advances in the topics of marine engineering, including marine geological environments, marine geological hazards, marine engineering geology, marine hydrodynamics, marine fluid mechanics, and marine geotechnical engineering. The high-quality papers collected in this book involve many classic and innovative methodologies in this research field, including but not limited to analytical and statistical analyses, numerical simulations, laboratory testing, and marine surveys. The book represents the state-of-the-art in the latest research concepts, advanced methods, and data that will contribute greatly to the development of the field of marine geological environments and hazards.
    Keywords: gas-hydrate-bearing sediments ; mechanical behavior ; dynamic loading ; discrete element simulation ; macro-meso ; South China Sea ; submarine soft soil ; triaxial test ; mechanical properties ; normalized behavior ; CO2 hydrate slurry ; rheology ; shear-thickening ; Herschel–Bulkley-type model ; sediment acoustic ; frequency dependence ; sound speed ; attenuation ; Biot–Stoll model ; seafloor sediments ; XGBoost ; the East China Sea ; groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; Guangdong coastal zone ; seawater intrusion ; nitrate pollution ; undrained shear strength ; clay samples ; mini-ball penetration test ; low temperature ; strength of bound water ; viscosity of free water ; seafloor bedform ; multibeam bathymetry ; sub-bottom profile ; bottom current ; laterally loaded piles ; initial stiffness ; undrained clay slope ; nonlinear formulations ; finite-element analysis ; cyclic shear test ; silt–steel interface ; stress–displacement mechanical properties ; submarine landslide ; in-situ investigation ; physical modelling ; numerical simulation ; calcareous sand ; cyclic load ; cumulative axial strain ; stiffness ; damping ratio ; deep-buried tunnel ; analytical solution ; anisotropic flow ; conformal mapping ; seepage field ; gas hydrate ; high-resolution seismic ; ultra-high-energy plasma source ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the research papers published in the "Advances in Friction, Lubrication, Wear and Oxidation in Metals Manufacturing" Special Issue. It acts as an update on the state of the art concerning studies on friction, wear and oxidation properties of materials; the development and performance of novel lubricants; and advanced simulation strategies for friction contacts.
    Keywords: multiscale simulation ; surface contact ; roughness ; mixed lubrication ; tribology ; UCMW cold rolling mill ; finite element simulation ; roll gap friction ; shape control ; indefinite chill roll ; high speed steel ; oxidation behavior ; thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) ; high-entropy alloy ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; CoCrFeNiMox ; friction and wear ; cutting fluid ; esters ; lubrication ; tool wear ; titanium alloys ; Ni-Cr-Mo-based superalloy ; aging treatment ; precipitation ; intergranular corrosion resistance ; wear resistance ; boundary lubrication ; friction contact ; molecular dynamics simulation ; fluid lubricant ; nanoparticles ; nanotribology ; AISI304 ; martensitic transformation ; austenite ; lubricant ; wear ; friction ; hydrodynamic lubrication ; feed rate ; incremental sheet forming ; SPIF ; single point incremental forming ; tool rotational speed ; silicon–aluminum alloy ; electroposition ; Ni–Co–P/Si3N4 composite coating ; mechanical strength ; manufacturing and machining ; black phosphorus ; lubrication additives ; tribological properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Marine engines are efficient machines, but stricter legislation about emissions makes continuous research necessary in order to reduce their consumption and improve their efficiency. This Special Issue, “Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II”, is a continuation of “Marine Engines Performance and Emissions”. It contains a set of peer-reviewed works about marine engine performance and emissions.
    Keywords: turbocharger diagnostics ; large diesel engine ; acoustic spectral analysis ; DFT leakage ; mechanical properties ; tensile strength ; laser sintering ; fracture ; additive technology ; rapid prototyping ; silencer ; composite scrubber ; transmission loss ; pressure drop ; noise reduction ; sulfur oxides ; marine gearboxes ; gear wheel shapes ; forged spur gear ; casted spur gear ; meshing stiffness ; gear teeth deformation ; FEM ; emissions ; alternative fuels ; combustion engine ; environment ; ammonia ; decarbonization ; marine engines ; ship emission ; scenario simulation ; automatic identification system (AIS) ; carbon emissions ; geographic information system (GIS) ; linear rolling systems ; ship emissions ; vibrodiagnostics ; wear ; compact system ; sold liquids ; metrology ; gas station dispensers ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in a variety of biomedical and pharmacological applications. Particularly, collagen-based biomaterials have been extensively applied in various biomedical fields, such as scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, there are many challenges associated with the use of mammalian collagen, including the issues of religious constrains, allergic or autoimmune reactions, and the spread of animal diseases. Over the past few decades, marine collagen (MC) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical and pharmacological applications. Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active compounds, and to date, many biological components have been isolated from various marine resources. MC offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its water solubility, low immunogenicity, safety, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, functionality, and low production costs. Due to its characteristics and physicobiochemical properties, it has tremendous potential for use as a scaffold biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in drug delivery systems, and as a therapeutic. In this Special Issue, we encourage submissions related to the recent developments, advancements, trends, challenges, and future perspectives in this new research field. We expect to receive contributions from different areas of multidisciplinary research, including—but not restricted to—extraction, purification, characterization, fabrication, and experimentation of MC, with a particular focus on their biotechnological, biomedical and pharmacological uses.
    Keywords: porifera ; demosponges ; biomaterial ; collagen ; spongin ; wound healing ; lizardfish scale ; marine collagen ; thermal stability ; cell viability ; biomechanical properties ; collagen membrane ; AFM ; SEM ; tensile test ; giant squid ; Dosidicus Gigas ; jumbo squid ; outer tunic ; tissue engineering ; peptidase ; the MEROPS S8 family ; bovine bone collagen ; oligopeptides ; hydrolysate ; cisplatin ; fish collagen peptides ; thymic epithelial cells ; reactive oxygen species ; apoptosis ; MAPK (p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK) pathway ; carbonated hydroxyapatite ; fishery by-product ; 3D scaffold ; bone regeneration ; blacktip skin collagens ; amino acid profile ; protein pattern ; microstructure ; Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes ; electrospinning ; mechanical properties ; stromal vascular fraction ; vascularization ; blue shark skin collagen ; 3D constructs ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The aim of this reprint devoted to the topic “Polymers and the Environment” was to pursue environmentally friendly objectives for polymer-based materials under a two-fold perspective, applied and academic. In the 1980s, the first global environmental crisis occurred with an emphasis on the role of plastics in big cities’ massive solid waste streams. It was apparent then (and now) that the best environmental management practices required solid scientific and technical knowledge. Moreover, once at the end of their useful life, these plastics become involved in their materials (polymers and additives) into a circular economy strategy conjugated with the non-steady scenarios of the other key sectors of the economy, industry, society, and policy. Thus, linking tandem polymers and the environment has led, 40 years later, to a wide polymer research field devoted to continuously improving the environmental performance of polymer and polymer-based materials. This strategy comprises all the steps in the polymer management chain, from the raw materials to the polymers, many of which come from classical and renewable sources (the so-called bioplastics). Additionally, there is a need to improve the processability, ultimate properties, and performance by employing friendly environment additives; the recyclability of the materials; and the development of innovative and disruptive processes allowing better mechanical and energy recovery, including chemical recycling. This reprint includes approaches related to this frontrunner polymer science and technology area.
    Keywords: viscoelasticity ; material parametrization ; WLF coefficients ; pole–zero formulation ; fractional model ; circular economy ; upcycling ; sustainability ; polyblends ; rPP ; PA66 ; rPET-O ; recycling ; polypropylene ; stabilization additive ; rheological properties ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; bio-based ; thermosetting ; thermoplastic ; nanocomposites ; lignin nanoparticles ; mixed plastic packaging waste ; recycled plastics ; compression moulding ; mechanical testing ; fracture surface ; mixed polyethylenes ; polymer flooding ; alkali–polymer flooding ; chemically enhanced oil recovery ; incremental oil recovery ; PLA ; cellulose ; yerba mate ; kombucha ; food packaging ; biochar particles ; sustainable materials ; polymers ; biopolymers ; asphalts ; bio-based plastics ; plant growth ; seed germination ; terrestrial ecosystem ; PBAT ; biodegradable polymers ; blends ; shape memory polymers ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The use of composite materials is ubiquitous in every field of human activities, including in the agricultural, industrial, environmental, biomedical and transport sectors. After a pandemic with the simultaneous unfolding of an energy and climatic crisis, we now realize how necessary it is to carry out studies on composite materials based on polymers to positively affect our current society and, in particular, future generations.To this aim, in the present selection of scientific articles we have given visibility to worthy contributions on a wide variety of topics, highlighting how essential plastic-based composite materials and their derivatives are in our daily lives. The articles in this Special Issue were wide-ranging and devoted to the properties and characterization of composites for innovative and strategic applications and, more generally, for the development of the chemical–physical properties of these materials.
    Keywords: recycled borosilicate ; PTFE ; sintering ; permittivity ; high-frequency ; substrates ; carbon fibers ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; thermoplastic resin ; surface treatment ; ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer ; EVA nanocomposite ; Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) ; photo-oxidation ; degradation ; gas permeation ; ball milling ; doping ; carbon nanotubes ; functionalization ; optical characterization ; DFT ; solar cells ; bulk fill ; composite resin ; restorative materials ; surface characterization ; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; microbial adherence ; bioreactor ; bacterial biofilm ; Streptococcus mutans ; composite polymer materials ; hollow profile ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; FEM analysis ; SEM analysis ; flax/PLA ; polymer-matrix composites ; hybrid ; particle-reinforcement ; mechanical properties ; electron microscopy ; surface treatments ; cotton fabric ; TiO2 nanoparticles ; citric acid ; Quat 188 ; curcumin ; antibacterial ; UV blocking ; durability ; carbon-fiber composite ; 3D reinforced composite ; digital image correlation ; destruction ; cold climate ; epoxy binder ; basalt fiber ; BFRP ; rebar ; moisture uptake ; diffusion coefficient ; Fick’s diffusion ; PCM ; acrylic resin ; candidiasis ; nanodiamonds ; surface properties ; polymerization ; PLA ; HDPE ; biocomposites ; mold ; bark ; resins ; carbon fiber cloth ; sandwich structure ; graphene ; absorbing performance ; mechanical property ; polymeric composites ; composite technology ; vacuum infusion ; process modeling and optimization ; multi-criteria decision ; Pareto frontier ; dental prosthesis biopolymer ; hardness ; tensile bond strength ; thermoplastic composites ; reactive injection pultrusion ; impregnation ; numerical simulation ; void content ; hygrothermal aging ; micromechanics ; failure mechanism ; metal/composite ; L-joint ; bonding length ; failure mode ; equivalent ; RVE ; filament winding ; winding trajectory ; composite casing ; polymer composite ; nitrile butadiene rubber ; phenolic resin ; rheology ; nanoparticles ; organoclay ; thermal stability ; marine biomaterials ; marine origin biopolymers ; factorial design ; optimization ; cryo-environment ; cartilage tissue ; triaxial geogrid ; stretching process ; composite manufacturing ; thermosetting polymers ; cure behaviour ; process monitoring ; in situ cure monitoring ; sensors ; squeezing mechanical analysis ; rubber strip cold-feed process ; viscoelastic rubber strip ; embolic agent ; hemodynamics ; arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ; CFD ; rotomolding ; microwave heating ; microwave-active materials ; polyethylene processing ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Pavement materials such as asphalt mixtures, granular aggregates, and soils exhibit complex material properties and engineering performance under external loading and environmental conditions. For instance, the asphalt mixture shows highly nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties at high temperatures, and it presents fatigue cracking damage and fracture properties at intermediate or low temperatures. Constitutive models based on mechanics theories have been the kernel of performance prediction of pavement infrastructures and materials. They lay down a solid foundation for material selection, design, pavement structural evaluation and maintenance decisions. Advances in mechanics modeling and associated experimental testing for pavement infrastructures and construction materials are emerging constantly, such as nonlinear viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture, and damage mechanics models. Meanwhile, various numerical modeling technologies are being developed and implemented to solve the multiscale and multiphysical equations. Examples include finite element, discrete element, and micromechanics or molecular dynamics simulations at different dimensions and scales. This reprint provides a unique platform, presenting novel studies and new discoveries in the areas of mechanics, numerical modeling and experimental testing of pavement infrastructures and materials.
    Keywords: large-size graded crushed stone ; cyclic rotating axial compression ; shakedown theory ; cumulative axial strain ; long-term stability ; critical load ; self-healing asphalt ; fatigue life ; induction heating ; calcium alginate capsules ; combined healing system ; CR/SBS modified asphalt ; desulfurized rubber ; rheology ; Burgers’ model ; multiple stress creep recovery ; soft soil ; stabilized soil ; rice husk ash ; Mechanistic-Empirical creep model ; matric suction ; asphalt pavement ; sand accumulation conditions ; skid resistance ; British Pendulum Number (BPN) ; texture index ; SBS ; polymer additive ; aging property ; rheological properties ; FTIR ; pavement materials ; asphalt mixture ; compressive creep ; damage evolution ; fractional rheology theory ; viscoelasticity ; airfield ; concrete pavement ; fatigue model ; slab thickness ; improvement method ; asphalt concrete ; Prony series ; Havriliak-Negami (HN) model ; 2S2P1D model ; continuous relaxation and retardation spectra ; basalt fiber ; crack resistance ; environmental scanning electron microscope ; embedded sensor ; Rollpave pavement ; three-point bending test ; dynamic response ; finite element analysis ; packaging optimization ; wet-process tuff silt powder ; RPC ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; tire-pavement friction ; pavement textures ; partial tire aquaplane conditions ; water film ; vertical contact force ; molecular dynamics ; wax warm mix asphalt ; contact angle test ; pull-off test ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; adhesion work ; bridge deck pavement ; interlayer bond strength ; adhesive material ; emulsified asphalt ; shear stress ; air-void characteristics ; fractal dimension ; crack initiation and propagation ; rutting damage ; Computed Tomography ; image process ; gradation analysis ; asphalt mastic ; lignin fiber ; carbon fiber ; burgers model ; 3D reconstruction ; digital image processing (DIP) ; computed tomography (CT) ; mesostructure ; asphalt binder ; warm-mix asphalt (WMA) ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; rheological behavior ; performance ; road engineering ; cold in-place recycling ; high temperature stability ; cracking resistance ; moisture susceptibility ; granular material ; discrete element method ; modeling theories ; hexagonal close-packed structure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Materials processing is the first, and a key, step in proper utilization of the composition of a given material and to realize the microstructural features that are intended to attain desired property levels for a given application. Both primary and secondary processing methods are equally important in tailoring the end properties of materials. In view of the crucial importance of the processing of materials, this Special Issue is intending to cover all innovative aspects of primary processing (solid phase, liquid phase, two phase, 3D printing, rapid solidification, etc.) and secondary processing (such as variations in extrusion, forging, rolling, equichannel angular extrusion, etc.) of materials (polymers/metal/ceramic-based, including their composites). Desirable attributes expected for submission will be processing–microstructure–property interrelations.
    Keywords: electrical discharge machining ; vibroacoustic emission ; adaptive control ; monitoring ; discharge gap ; erosion products ; silver nanoparticles ; mulberry leaves extract ; CO2-assisted polymer compression ; numbering-up ; high productivity ; CO2 ; polymer ; porous material ; process improvement ; 1D magnetic photonic crystals ; multilayer film modeling ; modeling of Faraday rotation spectra ; MPC optimization ; exhaustive computation ; materials characterization ; nanoceramics ; coatings ; auxiliary electrode ; electrical conductivity ; oxides ; nitrides ; carbon particles ; oil medium ; additive technologies ; additive manufacturing ; FFF ; 3D printing ; nylon ; cryogenic machining ; review ; liquid nitrogen ; liquid carbon dioxide ; thermomechanical processing ; bobbin friction stir welding ; atomic force microscopy ; AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy ; dynamic recrystallization ; precipitation ; macroscopic self-standing architectures ; Ni-doped MnO2 ; Co-doped MnO2 ; propane oxidation ; mechanical properties ; 3D-printing ; compensation ; accuracy ; precision ; adsorption ; hydrotalcite ; thiophene/dibenzothiophene ; n-pentane ; desulfurization ; structural ceramic ; oxide ceramic ; EDM ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; electrode ; thin films ; white layer ; electro physics ; chemical reactions ; sublimation ; friction stir welding ; WC ; AA1100 aluminium plate ; weld contamination ; tunnel void ; kissing bond ; erosion ; tool wear ; ZnNix ; explosive deposition ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This book, entitled “Smart Textile and Polymer Materials”, is dedicated to recent research and development regarding smart textiles and response-based polymer materials, including, but not limited to, fiber-based energy harvesting devices, energy storage devices, chromatic devices, color and shape changes, sensing, drug release, and ultraviolet resistant, electrically conductive, optical, hydrophobic and flame-retardant materials.
    Keywords: carbon fiber composite ; tensile strength ; laminate ; tensile property ; knitted fabrics ; strain sensors ; size prediction ; precise positioning ; human motion detection ; solid rocket motor case (SRMC) connector ; carbon fiber ; lay-up ; mechanical properties ; finite element ; knitted sensor ; equivalent resistance ; topology model ; volume resistance ; three-dimensional ; SEBS ; MWCNTs ; yarn ; dopamine ; strain sensor ; alginate fiber ; preparation method ; application properties ; characterization ; helical ; nonwoven ; curvature ; film thickness ; image ; transmission ; scattered photometric ; Kubelka-Munk ; Fe2O3 ; carbon nanofibers ; heterogeneous Fenton ; methyl orange (MO) ; LIBS ; CN band ; polymer ; nylon ; doped nylon ; molecular structure ; plasma parameters ; laser irradiance ; direct electrostatic deposition ; proton exchange membrane ; direct methanol fuel cell ; ultrathin membrane ; high power density ; fabric CAD ; irregular 3D yarn ; B-spline curve ; fabric structure ; key point mapping ; piezoelectric property ; polyacrylonitrile ; poly(vinylidene fluoride) ; ZnO nanorods ; electrospinning ; nitrogen doping ; small-sized graphene core-sheath ; graphene fiber ; supercapacitors ; polyvinylidene fluoride ; piezoelectric properties ; biomedicines ; energy ; photocatalysis ; metal-composite hybrid structure ; residual strain ; dynamic characteristic ; optical fiber sensors ; metal-CFRP-metal hybrid tube ; multiwalled carbon nanotubes ; acid treatment ; polyimide film ; physical-chemical properties ; melt-blowing ; coupled field ; annular die ; numeral calculations ; polyamide-imide ; structural construction ; air filtration ; binary aerogels ; electrospun polyacrylonitrile membranes ; fluorine-free hydrophobic modification ; amino functional modified polysiloxane ; in situ cross-linking reaction ; waterproof breathable ; personal cooling garments ; thermal comfort ; ice cooling ; phase change material cooling ; radiative cooling ; air cooling ; liquid cooling ; thermoelectric cooling ; energy conversion ; triboelectric nanogenerators ; 1D device ; woven ; knitted ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: With the increasing requirements for energy, resources, and space, numerous rock engineering projects (e.g., mining, tunnelling, underground storage, and geothermal and petroleum engineering) are more often being constructed and operated in large-scale, deep underground, and complex geology environments. Meanwhile, more and more unconventional rock failures and rock instabilities (e.g., rockbursts, large-scale collapses, and mine earthquakes) are occurring and severely threatening the safety of underground operations. It is well-recognized that rocks have multiscale structures from minerals, particles, fractures, fissures, joints, and stratification to faults and involve multiscale fracture processes. In the deep earth, rocks are commonly subjected to complex high-stress and strong-dynamic disturbances simultaneously. In addition, there are many multiphysics coupling processes, such as the coupled thermo-hydromechanical interaction in fractured porous rocks. It is still difficult to understand rock mechanics and to characterize rock behaviors with complex stress conditions, multiphysics processes, and multiscale changes. The primary aim of this Special Issue is to bring together original research discussing innovative efforts on analytical, numerical, and big-data-based methods in rock mechanics. It includes 25 manuscripts that illustrate the richness and challenging nature of deep rock mechanics.
    Keywords: complex variable method ; conformal mapping ; triangle interpolation ; stress analytical solution ; DEM numerical simulation ; laterally loaded pile ; p–y curve ; soil-pile interface ; Drucker–Prager model ; mine slope ; stability classification of rock mass ; extremum entropy ; variable weight theory ; matter–element extension ; grade variable ; polymer ; diffusion model ; crack ; expansion ratio ; grouting amount ; rockburst classification ; data-driven approach ; random forest ; beetle antennae search algorithm ; high concrete face rockfill dam ; geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures ; generalized probability density evolution method ; seismic performance ; reliability analysis ; numerical methods ; deep rock mechanics ; rock damage judgment criteria ; SPH ; blind shaft cutting blasting ; coal ; deterioration characteristics ; chemical-stress coupling factor ; damage constitutive model ; rock burst ; t-SNE ; unsupervised learning ; supervised learning ; XGBoost ; true triaxial compression test ; acoustic emission ; b value ; rock drillability ; DPM parameters ; regression analysis ; RF ; GA-SVM ; UCS prediction model ; fractured rock mass ; uranium-containing solution ; multifield coupling ; reactive transport ; rough-walled fracture ; lithology ; concrete part ; mechanical and damage behaviors ; rockburst prediction ; deep forest ; bayesian optimization ; ensemble model ; zonal disintegration ; jointed rock mass ; stress redistribution ; strength reduction ; numerical simulation ; genetic algorithm ; BP neural network ; smooth wall blasting ; parameter optimization ; deep mining ; mining disturbance ; stress evolution ; brittle-ductile transition ; backfilled stopes ; fractured aquifer ; Bingham slurry ; grout diffusion model ; slurry diffusion distance ; grouting effect ; submarine slides ; submarine pipelines ; copula function ; reliability ; slide–pipeline interaction ; strain rate ; temperature effect ; mechanical properties ; energy dissipation features ; failure modes ; fault ; water inrush ; mechanical behavior ; mining advancing direction ; mind evolutionary algorithm ; MEA-BP model ; rock mechanical parameters ; orthogonal test method ; heat-concentrated source ; optimization of heat source location ; temperature gradient ; closed-form solution ; temperature difference ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Plastic and reconstructive surgery has a broad spectrum of different reconstructive techniques, including split skin transplantation and local and free flaps. By means of microsurgery and perforator flaps, every reconstructive issue can be addressed by tailored techniques. Flaps can comprise different tissues and can be designed using new imaging technologies in order to increase the safety of the procedures and to retain the form and function of the reconstructed area in accordance with the donor site morbidity. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine focuses on the following topics:Individualized microsurgery;Flap imaging;Customized perforator flaps;Monitoring flap perfusion;Tailored tissue engineering for reconstruction;Biofabrication applications in personalized plastic and reconstructive surgery.
    Keywords: flap grafting ; microsurgery ; biosensor ; bioelectrical impedance ; rat ; hyperspectral imaging ; Allen’s test ; radial forearm free flap ; microvascular surgery ; reconstructive surgery ; perfusion monitoring ; flap imaging ; critical bone defect ; vascularized fibula ; Capanna technique ; Masquelet induced membrane ; intercalary reconstruction ; bone tumor ; ballistic trauma ; perforator flaps ; DIEP ; thermal imaging ; laser Doppler ; perineal reconstruction ; VRAM flap ; neourethra ; urethral reconstruction ; posttraumatic lymphedema ; long bone fractures ; soft tissue injury ; lower extremity ; HSI ; objective ; hyperspectral signature ; timely recognition ; reconstruction ; head and neck ; non-invasive ; non-contact ; cytostatic agents ; doxorubicin ; indocyanine green ; oncology ; perfusion ; surgical oncology ; peripheral nerve injury ; psychosocial factor ; nerve repair ; neuroma ; brachial plexus injury ; compression neuropathy ; pain ; depression ; disability ; quality of life ; scar ; scar therapy ; algorithm ; free flap ; tissue transfer ; perforator propeller flap ; combined perforator propeller flap ; soft tissue reconstruction ; propeller flap ; perforator flap ; irradiation ; imaging ; malperfusion ; sternal defect reconstruction ; deep sternal wound infection ; DSWI ; reconstructive microsurgery ; tensor fasciae latae flap ; TFL flap ; muscle transplantation ; rat gastrocnemius ; in situ stimulation ; muscle contraction ; perfusion-decellularization ; autologous breast reconstruction ; free tissue transfer ; indocyanine green angiography ; transit-time flowmetry ; neurofibromatosis ; craniofacial ; surgical treatment ; multidisciplinary team ; plexiform neurofibroma ; forequarter amputation ; targeted muscle reinnervation ; osteomusculocutaneous flap ; fillet flap ; epaulette flap ; interscapulothoracic amputation ; spare parts ; CTA ; DIEP flap ; MS-TRAM flap ; perforator ; personalized medicine ; reconstructive breast surgery ; mastectomy-skin-flap perfusion ; mastectomy-skin-flap necrosis ; suture materials ; crush load ; mechanical properties ; wound closure ; adipose-derived stem cells ; ADSC ; MCF-10A ; mammary epithelial cells ; fibroblasts ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition ; mesenchymal markers ; breast infection ; peri-prosthetic infection ; breast implant infection ; silicone prostheses ; negative pressure wound therapy ; instillation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MN Surgery
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains selected papers from works presented at the 12th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space for Opening New Horizons, which was held from the 18th until the 21st of October 2022, in Barcelona, with physical participation. About 470 participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Twenty interesting papers, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: parachute harness ; opening load ; limit load ; human factors ; air traffic management ; air traffic controllers ; subjective workload assessment ; air traffic control events ; simulation platform ; taskload ; real-time simulations ; air traffic management and airports ; air traffic control ; arrival manager ; controller support system ; severe weather visualization ; nowcasting ; weather research and forecasting ; flame propagation ; nanosecond plasma discharges ; lean burning ; ZDPlaskin ; CHEMKIN ; carbon fibre-reinforced plastics ; energy absorption ; impact ; optimisation ; simulation ; three-point bending test ; optimization ; multi-objective ; multi-point ; Kriging ; metamodel ; surrogate ; intake ; aerodynamics ; CFD ; mesh morphing ; achievement scalarizing function ; FUTPRINT50 ; sustainable aviation ; zero emissions ; hybrid-electric propulsion ; liquid hydrogen ; fuel-cell technology ; electric green taxiing system ; wingtip propulsion ; superconducting materials ; green approaches ; FMS ; AMAN ; CDA ; negotiation process ; on-ground energy supply ; hybrid-electric aircraft ; airport infrastructure ; conceptual design in aerospace ; Advanced Morphological Approach ; structured expert judgment elicitation ; ATFCM Regulations ; machine learning ; air traffic ; historical data ; explainability ; EMA ; prognostics ; PHM ; model-based ; metaheuristic ; MEA ; FDI ; reusable launch vehicle ; thermal protection system ; integrated thermal protection system ; ablative material ; ceramic matrix composite ; phase change material ; lattice structure ; additive manufacturing ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; aerospace ; dual scale microstructure ; flight control actuators ; iron bird ; actuators ; holistic MCDM tool ; circular aviation ; sustainability ; CFRP recycling ; aviation ; sensitivity analysis ; AHP ; WSM ; data normalization ; aircraft design ; distributed propulsion ; hybrid-electric flight ; critical loss of thrust ; vertical stabilizer ; eVTOL ; multirotor aerial vehicle ; sizing ; hybrid energy storage ; battery ; hydrogen fuel cell ; supercapacitor ; self-healing efficiency ; functionalization reaction ; epoxy resin ; mechanical properties ; 17-4PH stainless steel ; 3D printing ; laser powder bed fusion ; printing orientation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on forged steels as an interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, due to their many applications. Despite their diffusion as a consolidated material, many research fields are actively employing new applications. At the same time, innovations are arising from the manufacturing process of such materials, including the possibility to manufacture them from metal powders suitable for 3D printing. This reprint embraces the interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processing, reporting the experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, and microstructure–properties relations.
    Keywords: fracture ; cold work tool steel ; AISI D2 ; AISI O1 ; high carbon steel ; advanced high-strength forging steel ; hot-forging ; microstructure ; retained austenite characteristics ; mechanical properties ; applications ; tempering ; impact toughness ; carbides ; heat treatment ; bainite ; steel ; open die forging ; artificial neural network ; fast simulator ; process optimization ; advanced martensitic steel ; hot-stamping ; case hardening ; reverted austenite ; tensile property ; duplex type medium Mn steel ; n/a ; stretch-formability ; stretch-flangeability ; martensite-type medium Mn steel ; retained austenite ; heat-treatment ; isothermal transformation process ; direct quenching ; grain boundary misorientation ; welding residual stresses ; dislocations ; high-strength steels ; forging ; air-cooling ; TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steel ; thermomechanical processing ; hydrogen embrittlement ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM), as an advanced manufacturing technology, has overturned the traditional concept of subtractive manufacturing. It has revolutionized advanced integrated structural design, high-performance material preparation, and the manufacturing of complex components. AM technology is changing the way products are developed, produced, and commercialized, leading to disruptive changes in the economy and society. AM technology has received extensive attention and research from the research community since its inception, and it is leading manufacturing technology and continues to be used with great effectiveness in the aerospace industry, automotive industry, medical plant applications, and many other fields. However, the development of additive manufacturing still faces demanding technical challenges; for example, due to insufficient process planning and inadequate process control, many defects are often observed in the products of AM processes, reducing production efficiency and deteriorating product quality. To promote AM technology toward high efficiency, high precision, high performance, and low cost in a green and intelligent direction, many advanced design and manufacturing technologies are in urgent need of further breakthroughs, such as numerical and analytical models for structural design, experimental methods, performance prediction, and process optimization.
    Keywords: additive manufacture ; cemented carbide ; functionally graded structure ; adhesive wear ; peridynamic method ; multiple-crack propagation ; SLM additive manufacturing ; defects ; additive manufacturing ; joule thermal ; mathematical model ; process parameters ; micro-droplet ; high-voltage electric field-driven jet ; Taylor cone ; micro-scale wax structure ; laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) ; nano-Si3N4 ; AlSi10Mg ; mechanical properties ; heat treatment ; diamond structure ; compression ; strain rate ; specific energy absorption ; CFA ; generation ; machine learning ; multiple linear regression ; sensitivity analysis ; utilization ; laser cladding ; composite alloy powder ; wear resistance ; corrosion resistance ; continuous carbon fiber reinforced ; resin matrix composites ; fused deposition modeling (FDM) ; formability ; projection stereolithography ; geometric accuracy ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile strength ; adaptive neuron-fuzzy methods ; artificial neural network ; FeCrAl alloy ; thin-wall cladding ; LPBF ; simulation ; accuracy ; microstructure ; nanomechanical properties ; HVOF spraying ; NiCoCrAlYCe coatings ; indentation work ; strain rate sensitivity ; diamond coating ; tribological performance ; seawater environment ; lubricating film ; ultrafast laser ; selective laser melting ; special material manufacturing ; powder bed fusion ; laser manufacturing ; femtosecond laser ; picosecond laser ; Se doping silicon ; near-infrared ; Polycaprolactone (PCL) ; scaffolds structure ; viscous drag force ; single layer linear grid structure ; 55SiCr steel ; spring steel ; refining slag ; non-metallic inclusions ; high temperature viscosity ; laser powder bed fusion ; aluminum matrix composites ; microstructure evolution ; microhardness ; lattice structures ; BCCZ ; specific sensitivity analysis ; imitative full stress method ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is tightly related to minerals engineering. The solution mining (heap leaching, in situ leaching, etc.) offers an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and efficient method to extract these minerals, especially copper sulfides (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, etc.), sandstone uranium, and sandstone gold deposits. After years of development, solution mining has made great progress, but it has also encountered some technical bottlenecks. To better understand the current status of low-grade minerals and mine wastes recovery, we carefully collected 13 contributions in this Special Issue, which are mainly divided into following three aspects:· Reaction mechanisms of chemical/bio-leaching—includes the leaching kinetics of copper sulfides, assisted leaching (chloride acidic leaching, iodide assisted leaching, etc.), in situ leaching of uranium and salt deposits, etc.· Process detection, characterization, and visualization—includes the detection of reaction products, visualization of fluid flow and mass transfer, pore strucutre characterization of leaching systems (ore-packed beds, etc.), microbial successions of leaching bacteria, etc.· Recovery, recycle, and reuse of mine wastes—includes cleaner leaching, disposal or production methods (dump leaching, etc.), the recovery of mine waste (waste rock, tailings, etc.), assessment of operations problems, etc.
    Keywords: unsaturated packed bed ; liquid holdup ; hysteresis behavior ; stepwise irrigation ; heap leaching ; flow behavior ; process mineralogy ; tailings ; cassiterite ; REE ; mineral liberation ; quantitative mineralogy ; ultrafine tailing ; flocculating sedimentation ; floc microstructure ; fractal dimension ; gray value ; RCF layered composite material (RCF) ; mechanical properties ; acoustic emission (AE) ; energy dissipation ; damage constitutive model ; rock–backfill composite materials (RBCM) ; energy dissipation mechanism ; microcrack evolution ; low-grade ore ; metal recovery ; metallurgical methods ; bioleaching ; environmental pollution ; feasibility ; pollucite ; mineralogical characteristics ; tailing ; froth flotation ; solid-waste filling ; roof-contacted rate ; influencing factors of roof connection ; regulation and improvement of roof-connection measures ; downhole uranium mining ; X-ray phase studies ; particle size characteristics ; uranium leaching ; tube ; stope stability ; subsidence area ; stress distribution ; displacement deformation ; 3Dmine–Rhino3D–FLAC3D coupling ; underground mining ; gem mining waste ; rare-earth elements ; Sri Lankan gems ; tailing management ; uranium ; magnesium slag ; resource utilization ; physicochemical properties ; backfilling mining ; magnesium slag-based cementitious materials ; agglomerated heap ; liquid retention ; solute transport ; fluid flow ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, metals have been considered promising materials in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Metallic bio-materials with excellent mechanical strength can effectively support and replace damaged tissue. Hence, metals have been widely used in load-bearing applications for dentistry and orthopedics. Cobalt-, iron-, and titanium (Ti)-based alloys are representative bio-metals, which are used in various forms, such as vascular stents, hip joints, dental, and orthopedic implants. However, the alloying elements of Co- and Fe-based alloys, Co, Ni, and Cr, induce severe toxicity when ionized in the body, which limits their clinical use. However, Ti and its alloys have been widely used as medical devices and implants, with dental and orthopedic applications due to their excellent bone-regeneration ability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Even though Ti and its alloys have generally been used for biomedical applications, there are still challenges that must be met to satisfy their clinical application. For example, osseointegration with the surrounding bone tissue at the initial stage of implantation has been pointed to as a major issue. This Special Issue, “Titanium and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications”, has been proposed to present recent developments in biomedical applications. The nine research articles included in this Special Issue cover broad aspects of Ti-based alloys and composites with respect to their composition, mechanical, and biological properties, as highlighted in this editorial.
    Keywords: metal–matrix composites ; titanium alloy design ; microstructures ; mechanical properties ; biocomposites ; powder metallurgy ; high power impulse magnetron sputtering ; zinc oxide ; tantalum oxide ; thin film ; plasma electrolytic oxidation ; antibacterial ; biocompatibility ; ultraprecision magnetic abrasive finishing (UPMAF) ; environmentally friendly oil ; Ni-Ti stent wire ; surface roughness (Ra) ; removed diameter (RD) ; Ti alloys ; martensitic transformation ; recoverable strain ; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ; Ti6Al4V ; centrifugal casting ; ion implantation ; human osteoblast ; grade V titanium ; mini transitional implants ; narrow diameter implant ; backscattered electrons ; Ti-based biomaterials ; toxicity ; β-phase ; ω-phase ; CALPHAD ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning artificial neural network (DLANN) ; self-organizing maps (SOM) ; titanium ; surface treatment ; HA blasting ; sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) ; anodic oxidation (AO) ; micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ; graphene oxide ; electrophoretic deposition ; implant ; biomolecule ; complex ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Advanced manufacturing technology and systems cover a broad scope involving manufacturing processes, machine tool design, system optimization, smart and flexible manufacturing, theoretical study and metrology. This reprint comprises 19 original papers concerning recent advances in the research and development of AMTSs. Specifically, there are many research fields that are covered: machining processes (six papers), micro-/nano-precision fabrication (four papers), and system optimization (eight papers), in addition to one review.
    Keywords: pipeline corrosion ; BP neural network ; uncertainty ; corrosion growth model ; optical fiber sensor ; gold-plated fiber Bragg grating ; pressure ; temperature sensing ; optical properties ; sheet resistance ; transparent conductive thin film ; annealing temperature ; ZnO/Metal/ZnO ; KDP crystals ; water-dissolution polishing ; wetting characteristics ; surface quality ; additive manufacturing ; process parameters ; fused deposition modeling ; mechanical properties ; fiber-optic sensors ; temperature ; refractive index ; multi-parameter sensing ; Michelson interferometer ; fiber optic sensor ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; optical fiber waist-enlarged bitaper ; the refractive index sensitivity ; corrosion ; laser-assisted grinding ; grinding force ; material removal mechanism ; microcracks ; complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ; MEMS ; tactile sensor ; stiction effect ; temporary handling ; stiction contact ; Au–Si eutectic ; flip-chip ; chemical enhanced shear dilatancy ; tungsten ; polishing ; air-coupled acoustic transducer ; matching layer ; acoustic impedance ; bonding layer ; side ohmic contact ; transmission line model ; specific contact resistance ; annealing temperatures ; milling stability ; composite Cotes-based method ; Simpson’s 3/8-based method ; Floquet theory ; medical β titanium alloy ; ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting ; composite cutting process ; ECM ; gas–liquid two-phase turbulence model ; miniature bearing outer ring ; machining accuracy ; central composite design ; 4H-SiC wafer ; amorphous silica ; ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics ; plastic removal ; chemical reaction ; atomic layer deposition (ALD) ; linewidth regulation ; micro- and nano-metrology ; one-dimensional nano-grating standard ; vision ; defect inspection ; YOLO ; FPGA ; attention ; femtosecond laser polishing ; SiC ceramics ; laser ablation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Manufacturers of soft polymer products, as well as suppliers and processors of polymers, raw materials, and compounds or blends are compelled to use predictive and advanced laboratory testing in their search for high-performance soft polymer materials for future applications. The collection of 12 publications contained in this edition therefore presents different methods used to solve problems in the characterization of various phenomena in soft polymer materials, asks relevant questions and offers appropriate solutions.
    Keywords: ultraviolet radiation ; thermoplastic elastomer ; high vinyl S-B-S ; photoinitiator ; mechanical properties ; rubber ; curing ; bismaleimide ; tensile strength ; Diels–Alder reaction ; effective electrical resistance ; elastomer sensors ; natural rubber ; local strain ; conductive filler ; digital image correlation ; strain sweep ; rheometer ; rubber process analyzer ; swelling ; absorption ; infrared spectroscopy ; mass spectrometry ; gas chromatography ; mechanical behavior ; synthetic aviation fuels ; 3D printed elastomers ; elastomer ; fast characterization ; energy stored and released ; heat source reconstruction ; intrinsic dissipation ; infrared thermography ; engine mount ; elastomer characterisation ; experimental testing ; resonance frequency ; dynamic stiffness ; parameter identification ; electrodynamic shaker ; test bench ; cogging torque ; synchronous machine ; carbon black ; tensile ; Mullins effect ; Payne effect ; dynamic strain ; hysteresis ; material testing ; rheology ; Poisson’s ratio ; viscoelasticity ; plasticizer ; polarity ; carbon black network ; simultaneous mechanical and dielectric analysis ; mechanical stability ; glass transition ; kinetics ; resin ; BDS ; FDSC ; nanocomposites ; carbon nanotubes ; atomic force microscopy ; dynamical mechanical analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 17 research articles and 2 review articles, covering studies on both individual and composite polymer modifications. Topics include high-content polymer-modified bitumen, epoxy resin adhesives, SBS-modified bitumen, PE-modified bitumen, crumb-rubber-modified bitumen, and biopolymeric capsules and bitumen rejuvenators.
    Keywords: high-content polymer modified asphalt ; SBS ; viscoelastic behavior ; phase structure ; neat and polymer-modified bitumens ; low temperatures ; creep compliance ; relaxation modulus ; relaxation time spectrum ; glass transition temperature ; road engineering ; reclaimed asphalt binder ; rheological properties ; SHRP test ; variance analysis ; salt storage pavement ; salt storage asphalt mastic ; high elastic polymer ; waste polyethylene ; spectroscopic analysis ; morphological analysis ; XRD ; creep analysis ; SEM ; asphalt pavements ; modified asphalt ; functional polymer ; cis-1, 4-polyisoprene ; polyethylene ; molecular dynamics ; microscopic mechanism ; nano-OvPOSS ; compatibility ; structure ; mechanical properties ; hot recycled asphalt mixture ; RAP ; degree of blending (DOB) ; low-temperature performance ; fatigue lifetime ; prediction model ; asphalt binder ; moisture damage ; dynamic pore water pressure ; rheological behaviors ; damage mechanism ; recycled engine oil bottom ; SBS modifier ; the modification-rejuvenation mechanism ; self-healing ; rejuvenators ; alginate ; encapsulation ; factorial design ; post hoc analyses ; rubberized asphalt ; adhesion characteristics ; binder bond strength (BBS) ; surface free energy (SFE) ; atomic force microscope (AFM) ; calcium alginate capsules ; asphalt concrete ; selfhealing level ; low service temperature ; asphalt ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; waste fibers ; dense asphalt mix ; stone mastic asphalt ; porous asphalt mix ; biodegradability ; VOCs ; crumb rubber ; bitumen ; organic montmorillonite ; inhibition ; performance-based ; asphalt mix design ; performance-related specification ; viscoelastic continuum damage model ; viscoplastic shift model ; asphalt pavement ; microwave heating ; pavement de-icing ; pavement materials ; epoxy resin ; toughening agent ; response surface method ; gray relational analysis ; film thickness ; HCPMA ; optimal film thickness ; aging durability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment effected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow; thus, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc.The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions; however, novel bacteria that degrade polymers considered non-biodegradable in other, unusual conditions (such as conditions of high salinity) are also presented.
    Keywords: rice husk waste ; polybutylenes adipate-Co-terephthalate (PBAT) ; polybutylene succinate (PBS) ; eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), esophageal drug delivery systems ; drug-eluting string ; 3D printing ; photopolymerizable resins ; Drug loading strategies ; steroids ; fluticasone ; bamboo fiber ; cellulose nanofiber ; adhesion ; multiscale hybridization ; fibrous composite ; oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) ; microcrystalline cellulose ; nano-bentonite ; bio-composites ; tensile properties ; modified PU film ; protein adsorption ; antibacterial ; hyaluronic acid (HA) ; polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) ; liposomes ; dexketoprofen ; biocompatibility ; hot plate test ; rats ; polyethylene glycol ; polylactic acid ; starch mixture ; hydrolytic degradation ; biodegradation ; almond shell ; starch thermoplastic polymer ; biodegradable ; biocomposite ; recycling ; reprocessing cycle ; injection molding ; natural filler ; PLA ; epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) ; plasticizers ; migration ; disintegration ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate ; PBAT ; gum rosin ; biodegradable polymers ; barrier properties ; biomaterials ; bioplastics ; mechanical performance ; barrier performance ; processability ; TMDCs-WS2 ; PLLA ; PVDF ; nanomaterials ; morphology ; crystallization ; dynamic-mechanical properties ; photodegradation ; biodegradable polymer ; poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) ; Zn-Ti LDH ; PHBV ; rheological characterization ; plastics processing ; Flory–Huggins ; free energy of mixing ; glass transition temperature ; group contribution ; molecular weight ; miscibility prediction ; simulation ; solubility parameter ; biodegradable packaging ; biopolymer ; starch ; storage conditions ; thermal properties ; physicochemical properties ; maleinized hemp seed oil ; maleinized Brazil nut seed oil ; bio-plasticizers ; absorbency ; commercial biopolymer additive (CBA) ; micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (CMF) ; softness ; strength ; tissue paper materials ; antioxidant ; antioxidant polymers ; lignin polymers ; graft polymers ; dopamine ; polydopamine ; inulin ; quercetin ; limonene ; vitamins ; polycaprolactone (PCL) ; polyesters ; hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance (HHB) ; nanoparticle formulation ; nanoparticle crystallinity ; FLAP antagonist ; BRP-187 ; polylactide ; biofoam ; hydrolysis ; degradation ; drug ; controlled release ; polysaccharide ; probiotics ; biosensor ; laser-induced graphene ; polyimide ; glucose ; enzyme ; mesenchymal stem cells ; polymers ; matrix ; stiffness ; osteoblasts ; differentiation ; cartilage defect ; knee ; Kartigen® ; chondrocyte precursors ; stem cell therapy ; silica ; composites ; thermal stability ; toughness ; biodegradability ; 3D printing applications ; non-viral vectors ; gold nanoparticles ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; nanoparticle size distribution ; cellulose nanocrystals ; negative staining ; cryo-TEM ADF-STEM ; electron tomography ; coffee-ring effect ; fractionation ; vinyl addition polymerization ; ring-opening polymerization (ROP) ; bromolactide ; methylenelactide ; poly(methylenelactide) ; poly(methylenelactide-g-L-lactide) ; 3D scaffolds ; biomaterial engineering ; tissue engineering ; polymeric foams ; surface functionalization ; protein nanoparticles ; cell growth ; compressed fluids ; Freon R134a ; polystyrene ; comparison ; gut microbes ; insect larvae ; MXene ; composite membrane ; hydrophilicity ; antibacterial properties ; coagulation ; hydroxyapatite ; WS2 nanotubes ; mechanical properties ; PA ; bioblend ; kinetic models ; reaction mechanisms ; random scission ; shape memory polymers ; polyurethanes ; oxidation ; biostable ; foams ; additive manufacturing ; surface roughness ; FFF ; ANFIS ; modeling ; desirability ; filaments ; antimicrobial ; fused filament fabrication (FFF) ; fused deposition modelling (FDM) ; Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; starch-based bioplastic ; chitosan ; co-polymer ; reinforcement ; biosynthesized polyesters ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; seawater ; residual toxicity assessment ; thermochromic printing inks ; UV stability ; polycaprolactone ; nanoparticles ; TiO2 ; ZnO ; poly (lactic acid) ; Kraft lignin ; tannin ; multifunctionality of PLA composites ; surface mechanical properties ; antioxidant/antibacterial activity ; poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; plasticizer ; imagery analysis ; Actinomucor elegans ; materials testing ; resin based dental materials ; monomer ; bisphenol A ; elution ; leaching ; adipate ; effective plasticizer ; environmentally friendly ; esterification ; polyvinyl chloride ; technological ; sustainability ; levoglucosenone ; oxa-Michael addition ; cross-linkable polymers ; renewable polyesters ; biosurfactants ; thermostability ; emulsion stability ; rheology ; PHA extraction ; chemical digestion ; design of experiments ; polymer properties ; micro-pollutants ; landfill ; soil biota ; polyethylene ; polyester ; FucoPol ; response surface methodology ; oil-in-water emulsions ; texture ; poly(lactic acid) ; biocomposites ; mineral filler ; calcium sulfate ; natural gypsum ; anhydrite II ; melt–mixing ; thermal and mechanical properties ; Vicat softening temperature ; injection molding and extrusion ; technical applications ; keratin ; feather ; poultry waste ; nonwovens ; electrocardiography ; electromyography ; PEDOT:PSS ; degradability ; polymer electrode ; phytopathogenic fungi ; polysaccharides ; plant protection ; antifungal coatings ; seed coating ; seed treatments ; field applications ; pre-harvest treatments ; post-harvest treatments ; edible coatings ; Poly(L–lactic acid) ; Poly(D–lactic acid) ; stereocomplex ; magnesium hydroxide ; biodegradable vascular scaffold ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This reprint focuses on the modification of hydrogels and their applications in biomedical engineering, aiming to provide a reference for scholars in related fields. It mainly involves the applications of hydrogels in biomedical fields such as phantoms, wound healing, skin, cartilage, muscle, and drug loading. We believe this reprint can provide a valuable reference for scientific and technological workers in the fields of materials science, tissue engineering, biological manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and so on.
    Keywords: dynamic mechanical analysis ; hardness ; hydrogels ; materials ; mimicking ; soft tissues ; tissue scaffolding ; viscoelasticity ; Warner–Braztler shear test ; hydrogel beads ; Taguchi’s method ; Grey relational analysis ; drug delivery system ; semi-IPN ; hydrogel ; drug delivery ; wound healing ; adipose mesenchymal stromal cells ; chondrogenic differentiation ; RGD motif ; hydrogel characterization ; cartilage regeneration ; horseradish peroxidase ; myoblast ; skeletal muscle ; tissue engineering ; gelatin ; PNIPAM ; smart polymer ; biomaterial ; ceramic ; freeze-drying ; polymer ; tissue ; fibroblast growth factor-2 ; growth factor ; hyaluronic acid-collagen hybrid hydrogel ; platelet-derived growth factor-BB ; pulp regeneration ; phytosomes ; tobacco leaf ; polyurethane-62 ; reactive oxygen species ; shape memory gel ; hydrogel sheet dressings ; poly(vinyl alcohol) ; silver nanoparticles ; electron beam irradiation ; antibacterial ; conductivity ; self-healing properties ; mechanical properties ; biocompatibility ; hydrogel electronic skin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains 12 high-quality original research and reviews papers by 62 authors from 10 countries on 3 continents: Asia (China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Portugal, Romania, and Ukraine), and Africa (South Africa). These papers were published in a Special Issue, “Recent Developments in Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites II”, of the journal Polymers. These papers provide examples of the most recent developments in eco-friendly wood-based composites.
    Keywords: tree bark fibre ; thermal insulation panels ; thermal conductivity ; self-bonded boards ; zero formaldehyde content ; eco-friendly wood-based composites ; wood polymer composites ; bio composites ; wall cladding ; ceiling materials ; RDP housing ; lignosulphonates ; lignin ; formaldehyde ; wood adhesives ; plastic film-bonded plywood ; polyethylene film ; physical–mechanical properties ; bonding strength ; wood species ; thermoplastic resin ; formaldehyde-free adhesive ; hot-pressing technique ; wood-based panels ; wood composites ; biodegradable polymers ; wood flour ; characterization ; processing ; applications ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; physical properties ; polypropylene ; thermal properties ; nanocellulose aerogels ; modification techniques ; environmental wastes ; oil absorption ; composite panel ; biomass ; oil palm trunk (OPT) ; particleboards ; deadwood ; wood particles ; formaldehyde emission ; urea-formaldehyde adhesive ; bending strength ; internal bond strength ; modulus of elasticity ; thickness swelling ; bamboo ; thermal modification ; bamboo cell wall ; anti-mildew property ; wood–plastic plywood ; hot-press ; secondary press ; aldehyde-free ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.
    Keywords: AC-HVAF ; FeB ; HEAs ; coating ; corrosion ; liquid zinc ; cuprous oxide nanochains ; thermal decomposition ; nanofluids ; photo-thermal conversion performance ; molecular dynamics ; binding energy ; crystallization prevention ; flocking for resisting blockage ; drainage pipe ; mechanochemical activation ; coal-gasification slag ; particle characteristics ; cementitious material ; reactivity ; traffic engineering ; damage identification ; deflection influence line ; continuous beam bridge ; multi-span bridges ; structural damage ; anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe ; drainage pipe blockage by crystals ; mechanism ; mathematical modeling ; tunnel ; soft rock ; strain hardening/softening ; bearing capacity of footing ; numerical solution ; effect of intermediate principal stress ; CoCrFeNiSiMoW ; medium-entropy alloy coatings ; microstructure ; wear ; salt freezing ; erosion ; freeze thaw cycle ; concrete ; durability ; numerical simulation ; high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel ; friction coefficient ; high temperature ; loess calcareous nodules ; heavy-metal ions ; single adsorption ; adsorption rate ; grey quality gain-loss ; engineering specifications ; process capability ; crystallization and clogging in pipe ; flow velocity ; pipe diameter ; pipe material ; friction stir welding ; aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt ; high rotational speed ; ultra-high rotational speed ; intermetallic compound ; magnesium alloy ; composite coating ; structural characterization ; mechanical properties ; bioactivity ; antibacterial activity ; biocompatibility ; Feixianguan Formation ; underdetermined system ; curve reconstruction ; circulating neural network ; old well review ; weathered sand ; freeze–thaw cycles ; damage law ; microscopic characteristics ; deterioration mechanism ; flange shaft ; fatigue failure ; fracture mechanics ; stress intensity factor ; crack propagation ; bridge structure ; mode ; frequency ; displacement curve ; Z3CN20.09M ; corrosion fatigue ; fatigue life ; high temperature water ; SnO2-Sb2Ox ; sol-enhanced electrodeposition ; organic degradation ; micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ; SiO2 nanoparticles ; corrosion resistance ; wear property ; magnesium–lithium alloy ; localized corrosion ; corrosion product film ; annular channel angular extrusion ; predeformation ; 2A12 aluminum alloy ; heat treatment ; uniform mechanical properties ; Q345 steel ; hot-dipping aluminum-silicon ; annealing ; FeAl phase ; Al2O3 ; dissimilar metal cladding ; pressure vessel pipe–nozzle ; micro-hardness ; sweet cherry ; edible coating ; quality ; antioxidant enzymatic activities ; stainless steel ; titanium ; crevice corrosion ; multiphysics ; ring narrow groove ; mask electrochemical machining ; numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields ; diffusion barrier ; Cu interconnect ; self-formed ; Cu(Re) alloy ; subgrade engineering ; coarse-grained soil ; step cyclic loading ; dynamic triaxial test ; hysteresis curve ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is focused on analyzing modern trends and recent advances in the synthesis of new metal-based composite materials. Such composites are increasingly used in civil, automotive, and aerospace engineering, shipbuilding, robotics, nuclear power, portable energy devices, biomedicine, electronic devices, and portable aircraft. Non-ferrous metals are often used as the matrix of composites, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and their alloys can act as modifiers with boron, carbon structures, borides, carbides, nitrides, and oxides of refractory metals and high-strength steel. For high-temperature composites, tungsten or molybdenum fibers are used. Despite the large number of scientific works, new methods for the synthesis of such composites in order to improve and optimize their structure and properties are still needed. In this regard, completed works of experimental and theoretical orientation, aimed at the development and optimization of methods for the synthesis of composite materials, as well as the search for new materials, were welcomed for inclusion in this reprint.
    Keywords: composite ; molecular dynamics ; magnesium ; aluminum ; mechanical properties ; Al composite ; Fe40Al intermetallic ; mechanical milling ; damage ; elastic modulus ; microindentation ; metal matrix composite ; high temperatures ; 7075 alloy ; lithium-ion battery ; silicon ; halide melt ; electrodeposition ; silicon fibers ; nanotubes ; nanoneedles ; composite anode ; tungsten ; rhenium ; dealloying ; anodic polarization ; developed surface ; catalyst for HER ; joining of CFRT/metal ; hybrid technology ; pin geometry ; continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics ; electric field ; perovskite ; polaron ; proton ; metal-matrix composite ; nano-alumina ; molten salt synthesis ; zinc ; aluminum and magnesium coating ; HC340LAD + ZM ; spot welding ; corrosion ; GaN/AlN ; molecular beam epitaxy ; CVD graphene ; buffer layer ; gallium nitride ; GaN-on-Si technology ; nanoparticles ; TiO2 ; oxygen vacancies ; nuclear reactions ; deuterium probes ; silicon carbide ; electrodeposited silicon ; composite material ; anode material ; Coulombic efficiency ; high temperature ; simulation ; rheology ; neural network ; relaxation ; rheological behavior ; flow stress ; Al-Mg alloy ; Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue collected original contributions, both research papers and reviews, showing recent results and/or positive advances in the behavior of new sustainable bio-materials under applied mechanical stress, both in static and dynamic mode, and evaluating the characteristics of resistance, moduli and/or viscoelasticity, in view of potential applications, such as tissue engineering, medical devices, surgical or dental implants, manufacturing of human parts, agriculture, packaging, textiles, electronics, automotive and aerospace, green buildings, and architecture and construction.
    Keywords: biodegradable polymers ; mechanical properties ; rheology ; processing ; moisture content ; characterisation ; particleboard ; natural fiber composites ; Rhizophora spp. ; biodegradable ; thermomechanical properties ; thermal properties ; dicumyl peroxide ; Joncryl ; wood-polymer composites (WPC) ; recycled thermoplastics ; torque measurements ; rheological properties ; dynamic mechanical analyses ; hot-pressing ; paper web ; fibre ; lignin ; diffusion ; activation energy ; wood flour ; wood pellets ; wood–plastic composites ; transportation costs ; physical properties ; interfacial bond strength ; wood-polymer composites ; wood-polymer interface ; XPS ; PLA/starch ; compatibilizer ; vegetable oil-based additive ; masterbatch ; epoxidized natural rubber ; halloysite nanotubes ; urea ; tensile properties ; wide-angle X-ray scattering ; jute fabrics ; 3D printing ; eco-friendly composites ; gellan gum ; virgin coconut oil ; hydrogels ; biomaterials ; wound dressing ; polylactic acid ; chitosan ; organosolv lignin ; modifying agent ; biocomposites ; nanocomposites ; durability ; biodegradation ; environmental ageing ; creep ; modelling ; crazing ; polyaniline ; fruit waste ; vegetable waste ; waste valorization ; bioactive compound ; active packaging ; by-product ; extraction ; thermal processing ; non-thermal processing ; sugar palm fiber ; poly(lactic acid) ; alkaline treatment ; benzoyl chloride treatment ; hybrid composites ; biodegradable thermoplastic ; coating ; Amdry 6420 ; Metco 143 ; Metco 136F ; hardness ; adhesion ; structure ; Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre ; natural fibres ; composite ; biodegradable plastics ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; polymer composites ; compounding ; injection molding ; MOR ; MOE ; IB ; panel ; nanocomposite ; acrylic denture teeth ; nano ZrO2 particles ; wear behavior ; microstructure ; microhardness ; polymerization ; polymethyl methacrylate resin ; textiles ; sustainability ; biopolymers ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; drying effects ; coating layers ; fiber-based material ; hydrothermal-mechanical pretreatment ; agricultural wastes ; energy efficiency ; waste generation ; single fiber test ; Weibull distribution ; gauge length ; environmental degradation ; UV aging ; moisture ; tissue engineered vascular grafts ; biomechanical stimulation ; rice bran ; ultrasound cavitation ; resistant starch microstructure ; crystallinity ; hydration properties ; mechanical performance ; physical treatment ; chemical treatment ; biological treatment ; κ-carrageenan–gelatin hydrogel ; supramolecular structure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on studies dealing with bio-based materials and its contribution to a circular economy. Research dealing with recycling, waste conversion to bio-based products, the development of bio-based composites, and surface treatments on cellulose fibres have been included in this reprint.
    Keywords: microcrystalline cellulose ; Conocarpus fiber ; morphology ; crystallinity ; thermal stability ; poly(lactic acid) ; poly(butylene succinate) ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile properties ; biocomposites ; blend ; recycle composites ; biodegradable ; mechanochemical esterification ; long fatty acid chain ; oleic acid ; ionic liquid ; magnetic mortar and pestle ; induced disease resistance ; sodium alginate ; polysaccharides ; plant growth-promoting bacteria ; lignin ; polypropylene ; tobacco lignin ; blends ; characterization ; biopolymers ; bio-based ; plantain ; natural fibers ; agroindustrial waste ; starch biopolymer ; birch bark ; wood coating ; suberin fatty acids ; hydrophobicity ; artificial aging ; geopolymer ; fly ash ; sugarcane bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; dielectric properties ; bioplastics ; biobased plastics ; plastic degradation ; bioplastic sources ; plastic business case ; bioplastic legislation ; waste plastics ; fillers ; Prosopis juliflora ; thorn powder ; abrasive wear resistance ; chitosan ; antibiotic ; Gram-positive and -negative bacteria ; drug delivery ; heavy metal removal ; COVID-19 ; wound healing ; ASA polymer ; fused deposition modelling ; infill density ; L18 orthogonal array ; 3D printing ; n/a ; sand-fixing materials ; attapulgite ; biological mycelia ; 16S rDNA sequencing technology ; soil feritlity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The direction of fiber orientation plays a crucial role in deciding the mechanical performance of textile structural composites. Unlike conventional composite materials, geometrically oriented textile structures, e.g., woven, knitted, and braided constructions, can be designed and developed for load bearing in a particular direction. Their properties can be enhanced by modifying the geometry and material composition. One major challenge in producing textile structural composites with superior mechanical properties at a reasonably lower price is cost effective prepreg. Composites constructed from reinforcement having a well-defined geometry perform better than randomly oriented fibers at a reasonable cost. Their flex fatigue is superior to conventional preforms in specific applications. This Special Issue invites research as well as review articles dealing with different types of (2D, 3D, multiaxial) woven, knitted, and braided structures for load bearing structural composite applications. Use of industrial multifilament yarns of pure and hybrid composition in textile geometrical reinforcement structures can also be included. The methods of impregnation of such structures by thermoplastic and thermoset resins should be described. The superior performance in such structural composites must be highlighted. Methods of characterizing woven, knitted, and braided textile reinforced composites is the focus of this issue. Current and future applications of advanced textile structural composites can be summarized in the submitted articles. Theoretical (computational, numerical simulation etc.) as well as experimental work can be submitted with sufficient scientific innovation.
    Keywords: hybrid composite ; polyester waste fiber ; olive root fiber ; coir pith filler ; building materials ; mixture design analysis ; recycled cotton ; glass ; hollow knitted composite ; compression ; flexural modulus ; impact energy ; quasi-static test ; cyclic fatigue ; wavy-lap bond ; natural cotton fabric ; polymer composite ; mechanical properties ; service life ; safety ; SEM ; pressure-actuated cellular structure ; shape morphing ; compliant mechanism ; anisotropic flexure hinges ; textile-reinforced polymer composite ; integrally woven structure ; resin ; glass cloth ; substrate ; glass transition temperature ; surface finish ; pad cratering ; thermal resistance ; textile structural composite ; 3D weaving ; hollow structure ; spacer fabric ; woven honeycomb ; sandwich ; waste cotton ; impact ; flexural rigidity ; hybrid woven reinforcement ; preforming ; carbon-Kevlar ; epoxy resin ; add-on (%) ; amount of hardener (%) ; curing temperature ; curing time ; molding pressure ; fiber composites ; FRP ; architecture ; architectured materials ; hysteresis ; auxetic ; non-Newtonian fluids ; low-velocity impact ; personal protection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 60
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Polymeric biomaterials represent an essential tool in the biomedical field. Their high biocompatibility and ability to provide adequate regenerative support are fundamental for the development of new therapeutic devices. In particular, biomaterials derived from living organisms can exhibit not only structural roles but also several non-structural functions implicated in cellular growth, migration, and differentiation. Among them, type I collagen, a ubiquitous structural protein present in the mammalian body, plays a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues. In recent years, with the goal of developing multi-functional collagen-based devices able to better promote the functional recovery of damaged tissues, numerous studies have focused on novel techniques and methods for the development and characterization of innovative and advanced high-performance formulations. The ability to control, modify, and tune collagen-based biomaterials performance by optimizing their architecture, besides modifying their chemistry, blending with other materials/therapeutics, or developing stimuli-responsive formulations, is an extremely important knowledge to acquire when specific multi-functionalities are sought.The present Special Issue collected 12 peer-reviewed interdisciplinary contributions on the broad topic of multi-functional collagen-based biomaterials.
    Keywords: collagen ; hydrogel ; stability ; transmission electron microscopy ; methacrylation ; rheology ; gelatin methacrylate ; type I collagen ; tilapia ; skin ; aquaponic ; biomaterials ; fish scale ; hydroxyapatite ; bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ; osteogenic differentiation ; scaffold ; collagen vitrigel ; tissue engineering ; cornea ; corneal endothelium ; dentin-pulp complex regeneration ; signalling molecules ; stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) ; gelatin ; fibronectin-binding ; peptides ; HPLC-MS ; electrospinning ; ICOS-Fc ; cell migration ; bone remodelling ; osteoporosis ; viscoll collagen membrane ; cornea regeneration ; stromal replacement ; polyelectrolyte multilayer ; cross-linking ; bone tissue engineering ; drug release ; drug reservoir ; BMP-2 ; composite material ; controlled release ; vancomycin ; swelling ; pH dependence ; rose bengal ; crosslinking ; injectable collagen ; medical devices ; collagen scaffolds ; mechanical properties ; physicochemical properties ; morphology ; composition ; cell viability ; molecular structure ; Dosidicus gigas ; X-ray tomography ; SynchrotronLike ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Traditional wood composites are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their undisputable advantages, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the emission of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including free formaldehyde emission from the finished wood composites, which is carcinogenic to humans and harmful to the environment. The growing environmental concerns, connected with the adoption of circular economy principles, and the new, stricter legislative requirements for the emission of harmful VOCs, e.g., free formaldehyde, from wood composites, have posed new challenges to researchers and industrial practice, related to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly wood composites, optimization of the available lignocellulosic raw materials, and use of alternative resources. This reprint presents a collection of 10 high-quality original research and review papers providing examples of the most recent advances and technological developments in the fabrication, design, characteristics, and applications of eco-friendly wood and wood-based composites.
    Keywords: max stress ; Tsai-Wu ; Tsai-Hill ; Puck ; Hoffman ; Hashin ; failure criteria ; beech ; finite element modelling ; composites ; biomaterials ; bio-composites ; bio design ; mycelium-based composites ; biopolymers ; interior design ; architecture ; wood ; mycelium ; fungi ; patent documents ; advanced biocomposites ; natural fibers ; green flame retardants ; fire retardancy ; product safety ; acid precipitation ; single and fractionation step ; kraft lignin ; physical and chemical properties ; A. mangium black liquor ; antibacterial ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; poly (lactic acid) ; wood leachate ; wood-based panels ; fiberboards ; adhesive system ; hydrolysis lignin ; phenol–formaldehyde resin ; optimization ; hot-pressing ; birch outer bark ; suberinic acids ; particle boards ; Gigantochloa pruriens ; chemical properties ; physical and mechanical properties ; wood-based composites ; particleboard ; thermoplastic starch ; Arenga pinnata ; modification ; benzoyl peroxide ; twin-screw extruder ; coating ; heat treatment ; nanotechnology ; nanosilver ; permeability ; porous structure ; solid wood ; thermal modification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue highlights the last decade’s progress regarding new nanostructured materials. In this regard, the development of nanoscale syntheses and innovative characterization tools resulted in the tailored design of nanostructured materials with versatile abilities in many applications were investigated. Various types of engineered nanostructures, usually metal nanoparticles or nanoporous metal oxides, have been synthesized for various applications. This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art of advanced nanoparticles in many disciplines (chemistry, pharmacy, nano-medicine, agriculture, catalysis, and environmental science). The Special Issue entitled, Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials, including 18 original research works, focuses on highlighting the progress, challenges, and future directions in the area of the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures with multiple applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine [1-3].
    Keywords: nickel ferrite ; nanoparticle ; divalent metal doping ; magnetic properties ; 17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one ; testosterone ; ester ; crystal structure ; lattice energy ; solubility ; epoxy ; CFRP ; core–shell rubber nanoparticles ; tensile properties ; fracture toughness ; glass transition temperature ; medieval coins ; silver concentration ; materials archeometry ; manganites ; nanoparticle perovskites ; crystallography ; magnetic behavior ; phase transition ; critical behavior ; magnetocaloric effect ; orthodontic cements ; acidic environment ; mechanical properties ; surface roughness ; metal–organic frameworks ; probe ; fluorescent ; CDs ; copper ions ; perovskite manganite ; epitaxial thin films ; magnetoresistance ; anisotropy ; SERS ; plasmonics ; WO3 nanostructures ; Au TOH NPs ; anodization ; ceramic pigments ; spinel ; chromite ; optical properties ; coloring properties ; delafossite ; CuCrO2-CeO2 ; electrospinning ; catalyst ; methanol ; hydrogen production ; pH sensing ; solid-contact electrodes ; iridium dioxide ; composite materials ; carbon nanotubes ; poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) ; nanomaterials ; semiconductors ; photocatalyst ; photocatalysis ; plasmonic properties of metals ; porous carbon ; sustainability ; surface area ; CO2 separation ; selenium nanoparticles ; spirulina ; bioaccumulation ; proteins ; genes ; anodizing ; biomaterials ; biotribology ; oxide nanotubes ; Ti–13Zr–13Nb alloy ; medical masks ; washing ; detergent ; didecyldimethylammonium chloride ; air permeability ; antimicrobial activity ; residuals ; corrosion resistance ; zeta potential ; advanced metal oxide nanoparticles ; synthesis ; photocatalysts ; sustainable processes ; energy conversion ; nanosensors ; smart nanostructures and nanodevices for virus detection ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Constant striving to reduce pollutant emissions, greenhouse gases and energy consumption, i.e., sustainable development, forces the development of new and improved materials, technologies and manufacturing processes. One of the areas of sustainable development of the global economy is also the development of laser devices and the spreading of laser technology applications.The book deals with important issues related to the development of science and technology in the field of application the laser beam for joining, surface treatment, coatings. However, the thematic scope is not limited only to mentioned issues. The scope of the book covers issues related to advances in computational modelling of heat sources in laser and arc processes, unique techniques of underwater welding or unique techniques of forced cooling the weld metal under solidification during arc welding or hybrid process of laser deposition under cryogenic conditions, microstructural and mechanical characterisation of coatings and joints produced by different welding technologies. The above book contains valuable information, both theoretical and practical research results in the field of advanced technologies of joining, surface treatment and coatings, quality control and assessment, as well as management of the technological processes. Therefore, I deeply believe that the book will be a valuable and helpful for young scientists, engineers, and students in the field of welding and surface engineering, materials science, and manufacturing engineering.
    Keywords: titanium nitrides ; reflectivity ; absorption ; high power diode laser ; underwater welding ; covered electrodes ; wet welding ; cold cracking ; pad welding ; flame powder spray process ; coating ; aluminum ; carbon nanotubes ; carburite ; abrasive wear resistance ; erosion wear resistance ; laser welding ; numerical simulation ; X100 pipeline steel ; welding thermal cycle ; microstructure ; aluminium alloy ; laser surface alloying ; wear resistance ; boron carbide ; FEM ; numerical analyses ; simulations ; computational techniques ; SYSWELD ; displacements ; stresses ; laser beam ; weldability ; thermo-mechanically controlled processed ; S700MC TMCP steel ; MAG ; steel sheets ; lap joints ; mechanical properties ; microstructure analysis ; nickel-based superalloy ; heat resistant steel ; surfacing ; PPTA ; HPDDL ; Fe-based coating ; laser cladding ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; finite element method (FEM) ; welding ; laser ; heat source model ; keyhole welding ; thermal analysis ; austenitic stainless steel ; lean duplex stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joints ; reinforcing ; laser treatment ; strengthening ; bending ; low-carbon steel ; thin steel plate ; Ti13Nb13Zr alloy ; laser treatment nanoindentation ; electrophoretic deposition ; potentiodynamic polarization ; martensitic stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joint ; sulfide inclusions ; iron-based alloy ; hardfacing ; cladding ; tubular hardfacing electrode ; FCAW-GS ; FCAW-SS ; MMAW ; wear-resistant steel ; wear plate ; abrasion ; tribology ; weld surfacing ; welding sequence ; weld geometry ; structure analysis ; phase shares ; hardness distribution ; laser boriding ; engine oil ; wear ; friction ; surface layer ; smart city ; transport ; vehicles ; mechanical engineering ; Docol steel ; micro-jet welding ; mechanical tests ; mini-specimen ; fracture ; fatigue ; high-strength steel ; components ; joining ; micro-jet ; mechanical resistance ; parameters ; fatigue limit ; laser micro-welding ; cryosurgical probe ; butt weld ; thin tube welding ; laser deposition ; hybrid process ; cryogenic conditions ; composite coatings ; WC-Ni coatings ; fiber laser ; laser processing ; properties of surface layers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 64
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment effected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow; thus, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc.The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions; however, novel bacteria that degrade polymers considered non-biodegradable in other, unusual conditions (such as conditions of high salinity) are also presented.
    Keywords: rice husk waste ; polybutylenes adipate-Co-terephthalate (PBAT) ; polybutylene succinate (PBS) ; eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), esophageal drug delivery systems ; drug-eluting string ; 3D printing ; photopolymerizable resins ; Drug loading strategies ; steroids ; fluticasone ; bamboo fiber ; cellulose nanofiber ; adhesion ; multiscale hybridization ; fibrous composite ; oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) ; microcrystalline cellulose ; nano-bentonite ; bio-composites ; tensile properties ; modified PU film ; protein adsorption ; antibacterial ; hyaluronic acid (HA) ; polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) ; liposomes ; dexketoprofen ; biocompatibility ; hot plate test ; rats ; polyethylene glycol ; polylactic acid ; starch mixture ; hydrolytic degradation ; biodegradation ; almond shell ; starch thermoplastic polymer ; biodegradable ; biocomposite ; recycling ; reprocessing cycle ; injection molding ; natural filler ; PLA ; epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) ; plasticizers ; migration ; disintegration ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate ; PBAT ; gum rosin ; biodegradable polymers ; barrier properties ; biomaterials ; bioplastics ; mechanical performance ; barrier performance ; processability ; TMDCs-WS2 ; PLLA ; PVDF ; nanomaterials ; morphology ; crystallization ; dynamic-mechanical properties ; photodegradation ; biodegradable polymer ; poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) ; Zn-Ti LDH ; PHBV ; rheological characterization ; plastics processing ; Flory–Huggins ; free energy of mixing ; glass transition temperature ; group contribution ; molecular weight ; miscibility prediction ; simulation ; solubility parameter ; biodegradable packaging ; biopolymer ; starch ; storage conditions ; thermal properties ; physicochemical properties ; maleinized hemp seed oil ; maleinized Brazil nut seed oil ; bio-plasticizers ; absorbency ; commercial biopolymer additive (CBA) ; micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (CMF) ; softness ; strength ; tissue paper materials ; antioxidant ; antioxidant polymers ; lignin polymers ; graft polymers ; dopamine ; polydopamine ; inulin ; quercetin ; limonene ; vitamins ; polycaprolactone (PCL) ; polyesters ; hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance (HHB) ; nanoparticle formulation ; nanoparticle crystallinity ; FLAP antagonist ; BRP-187 ; polylactide ; biofoam ; hydrolysis ; degradation ; drug ; controlled release ; polysaccharide ; probiotics ; biosensor ; laser-induced graphene ; polyimide ; glucose ; enzyme ; mesenchymal stem cells ; polymers ; matrix ; stiffness ; osteoblasts ; differentiation ; cartilage defect ; knee ; Kartigen® ; chondrocyte precursors ; stem cell therapy ; silica ; composites ; thermal stability ; toughness ; biodegradability ; 3D printing applications ; non-viral vectors ; gold nanoparticles ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; nanoparticle size distribution ; cellulose nanocrystals ; negative staining ; cryo-TEM ADF-STEM ; electron tomography ; coffee-ring effect ; fractionation ; vinyl addition polymerization ; ring-opening polymerization (ROP) ; bromolactide ; methylenelactide ; poly(methylenelactide) ; poly(methylenelactide-g-L-lactide) ; 3D scaffolds ; biomaterial engineering ; tissue engineering ; polymeric foams ; surface functionalization ; protein nanoparticles ; cell growth ; compressed fluids ; Freon R134a ; polystyrene ; comparison ; gut microbes ; insect larvae ; MXene ; composite membrane ; hydrophilicity ; antibacterial properties ; coagulation ; hydroxyapatite ; WS2 nanotubes ; mechanical properties ; PA ; bioblend ; kinetic models ; reaction mechanisms ; random scission ; shape memory polymers ; polyurethanes ; oxidation ; biostable ; foams ; additive manufacturing ; surface roughness ; FFF ; ANFIS ; modeling ; desirability ; filaments ; antimicrobial ; fused filament fabrication (FFF) ; fused deposition modelling (FDM) ; Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; starch-based bioplastic ; chitosan ; co-polymer ; reinforcement ; biosynthesized polyesters ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; seawater ; residual toxicity assessment ; thermochromic printing inks ; UV stability ; polycaprolactone ; nanoparticles ; TiO2 ; ZnO ; poly (lactic acid) ; Kraft lignin ; tannin ; multifunctionality of PLA composites ; surface mechanical properties ; antioxidant/antibacterial activity ; poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; plasticizer ; imagery analysis ; Actinomucor elegans ; materials testing ; resin based dental materials ; monomer ; bisphenol A ; elution ; leaching ; adipate ; effective plasticizer ; environmentally friendly ; esterification ; polyvinyl chloride ; technological ; sustainability ; levoglucosenone ; oxa-Michael addition ; cross-linkable polymers ; renewable polyesters ; biosurfactants ; thermostability ; emulsion stability ; rheology ; PHA extraction ; chemical digestion ; design of experiments ; polymer properties ; micro-pollutants ; landfill ; soil biota ; polyethylene ; polyester ; FucoPol ; response surface methodology ; oil-in-water emulsions ; texture ; poly(lactic acid) ; biocomposites ; mineral filler ; calcium sulfate ; natural gypsum ; anhydrite II ; melt–mixing ; thermal and mechanical properties ; Vicat softening temperature ; injection molding and extrusion ; technical applications ; keratin ; feather ; poultry waste ; nonwovens ; electrocardiography ; electromyography ; PEDOT:PSS ; degradability ; polymer electrode ; phytopathogenic fungi ; polysaccharides ; plant protection ; antifungal coatings ; seed coating ; seed treatments ; field applications ; pre-harvest treatments ; post-harvest treatments ; edible coatings ; Poly(L–lactic acid) ; Poly(D–lactic acid) ; stereocomplex ; magnesium hydroxide ; biodegradable vascular scaffold ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: According to the latest NACE estimation (2013), the global cost of corrosion is equivalent to approximately 3.4% of the global GDP (2.5 trillion US dollars), not considering environmental consequences or safety issues. A reduction between 15% and 35% could be realized if prevention techniques and proper precaution are used, which means savings between 375 and 875 billion US dollars. Corrosion involves different sectors such as industry, military, civilian, services, etc., in particular energy production, transport, chemical and petrochemical industries, the mechanical industry, and drink and beverage. Among these sectors, most of the constituents are made out of steel, which is the most produced metal in the world (1808 million tons in 2018), or light alloys, mainly aluminum (60.1 million tons of consumption in 2018).A proper alloy design in terms of composition, heat treatments, microstructural features, etc. is mandatory in order to obtain the best combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance during operation, reducing maintenance costs and the overall impact on the global economy. In fact, microstructural features can affect both the corrosion of the material itself and the eventual production of protective layers on its surfaces.The purpose of this Special Issue was to correlate the key role of the microstructure of steels and light alloys to their corrosion properties.
    Keywords: chloride concentration ; crevice corrosion ; relative humidity ; stainless steel ; stress corrosion cracking ; high-silicon steel ; austempering ; retained austenite ; corrosion resistance ; ultra-low carbon bainite steel ; niobium microalloying ; mechanical property ; corrosion behavior ; API-X100 pipeline ; bitumen ; corrosion ; inclusion ; dust ; Ni-based superalloys ; micro laser powder bed fusion ; heat treatment ; mechanical properties ; Galvalume ; Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ; antifouling ; anti-corrosion coatings ; additive manufacturing (AM) ; titanium alloys ; aluminum alloys ; duplex stainless steels ; defects ; steel microstructure ; post-fire properties ; fracture surface ; brittle cracking ; impact test ; shear fracture appearance ; toughness ; laser welding ; aluminum alloy ; zirconium ; fusion zone ; micro–galvanic ; interdendritic segregation ; passive film ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In collaboration with the MDPI publishing house, we are pleased to introduce the reader to our new project, a Special Issue entitled “Advanced Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites”. This Special Issue provides an opportunity to investigate advanced eco-friendly wood-based composites from a broader perspective. The coronavirus pandemic and shutdown measures employed to contain it, as well as the ongoing war in Ukraine, have influenced and decelerated the world economy and adversely impacted research activities on most levels in all countries. Surprisingly, researchers in the field of wood-based composites have continued to make progress, which is also described in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: polyurethane foams ; filler ; wood particles ; structure ; properties ; magnesium lignosulfonate ; sodium lignosulfonate ; bio-based adhesives ; urea formaldehyde resin ; wood-based composites ; particleboards ; formaldehyde content ; physical and mechanical properties ; acid-base buffer ; lightweight panels ; waste cardboard ; corner joints ; bending strength ; stiffness ; eco-friendly wood ; lattice beams ; mechanical properties ; wood characterization ; photodegradation ; artificial weathering ; color change ; ultraviolet radiation ; machine learning ; fractionated lignin ; bio-polyurethane resin ; ramie fiber ; impregnation ; thermal stability ; biopolymer ; wood ; upcycling ; composite ; recycling ; physical properties ; carbon storage ; raspberry ; black chokeberry ; bio waste ; moisture content ; angle of repose ; slippery angle of repose ; poured bulk density ; tapped bulk density ; alternative raw material ; walnut ; applied pressure ; wood residues ; resin content ; particleboard ; hemp ; polymer ; composites ; chemical and physical properties ; fiber ; extract ; separation efficiency ; wood dust ; long-term filtration ; dust filtration ; maturation of filter bags ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: With the second volume, we continue our mission to providing theoretical and experimental research that contribute new insights and practical findings in the field of crystal plasticity-related topics. Once again, a completely new set of 26 original works (including 22 research articles, 3 communications, and 1 review) has been collected. As in the case of the first volume, here, a full spectrum of topics belonging to the field of crystal plasticity is represented, including both numerical simulations and experimental works. By taking into account the investigated materials, the papers can be assigned to the following thematic groups: Steels and iron-based alloys; Non-ferrous alloys with fcc- (Ni- and Cu-based), or hcp crystal structure (Mg- and Ti-based). Other examples include Zirconium, Bi-Sn alloy, or polycarbonate resins; Multicomponent and high-entropy alloys; General theoretical studies on crystal plasticity. Specifically, the reprint should be interesting for students of material science and engineering, Ph.D. candidates, and researchers dealing with various theoretical and practical aspects of plastic deformation in crystalline materials.
    Keywords: aluminum ; nickel ; superalloys ; γ′- and γ-phases ; close-packed phases ; rhenium ; ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel (UTGO) ; cold rolling ; twinning ; Goss ; {100} ; Ti2AlNb alloy ; mechanical properties ; constitutive relation ; Johnson–Cook model ; grain boundary ; crystallographic orientation ; crystallographic plasticity ; deformation behavior ; Mg-based alloy ; first principles ; structural properties ; tensile properties ; high purity titanium ; FCC phase ; TKD ; pole figure ; transformation matrix ; Bi–Sn alloy ; microhardness ; self-annealing ; superplasticity ; tube high-pressure shearing ; shape memory alloys ; FeNiCoAlTiNb ; microstructure ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; brass-type shear band ; twin–matrix lamellae ; coplanar slip ; Taylor model ; Cu–Zn alloy ; cold-rolling texture ; X-ray diffraction ; zirconium ; strain-gradient crystal plasticity ; slip band ; geometrically necessary dislocation ; statistically stored dislocation ; high angular resolution electron back scatter diffraction ; crystal plasticity ; multilevel models ; large strain ; motion decomposition ; constitutive law ; anisotropic materials ; corotational derivative ; strain rate ; temperature ; polycrystalline Cu6Sn5 ; molecular dynamic ; ECAP ; copper alloy ; strain homogeneity ; 3D FEM ; thermodynamic modeling ; magnesium ; phase diagram ; liquidus projection ; nickel-based superalloy ; anisotropy ; slip system modelling ; Schmid factor ; Young’s moduli ; dual-phase steel ; forming limit diagrams ; DAMASK ; M-K approach ; Keeler-Brazier approach ; different grades ; RSD ; simulate r egression models ; processing and parameters ; analysis of variance ; resin pigment blends ; laser weld ; heat input ; cooling rate ; residual stresses ; fusion zone ; meso scale ; coupled temperature-displacement ; dislocations ; diffusion ; FeC alloy ; dynamic strain aging ; superelasticity ; FeNiCoAlTi ; multi-scale modeling ; gradient materials ; 21-4N valve steel ; mechanical alloying ; vacuum hot pressing ; powder metallurgy ; slip ; mechanical twinning ; constitutive modeling ; finite element simulations ; twin volume fraction ; plastic deformation ; low-cycle fatigue ; pre-damage ; low alloy steel ; coupling damage ; nickel-free austenitic stainless steel ; phase transition ; profile analysis ; whole powder pattern modeling ; Nano (Ti,Cr)C powder ; mechanical alloying (MA) ; nanostructure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on PLA-based materials and the modification of their properties for biomedical applications. Special emphasis is placed on the supramolecular strategies that lead to unique structures in the micro- or nanoscale. The development and testing of novel biomaterials as drug delivery carriers, implants, or tissue engineering scaffolds are of particular interest. Special attention is given to understanding the structure–properties relationship, since this allows for the development of the most effective biocompatible materials.
    Keywords: polylactide ; composites ; supramolecular interactions ; crystallization ; cyclodextrin ; drug delivery systems ; controlled release ; poly(lactic acid) ; crosslinking ; photo-crosslinking ; irradiation ; electron-beam ; gamma rays ; starch ; reactive blending ; plasticization ; compatibilization ; poly(lactide) ; poly(ethylene glycol) ; block copolymers ; self-assembly ; nanoparticles ; anticancer agent ; biomaterials ; polyesters ; polymer blends ; copolymers ; biodegradable materials ; bone regeneration ; mechanical properties ; glass fibres ; polylactide nonwovens ; electrospinning ; reinforced fibers ; MWCNT ; linear ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) ; stereocomplex ; biodegradable polymers ; drug delivery system ; biomedical applications ; poly(L-lactide) ; star poly(L-lactide) ; shear-induced crystallization ; crystallinity ; fibrillar nuclei ; biocompatibility ; biodegradation ; biomaterial ; polylactide-based materials ; polymer ; scanning electron microscopy ; composite scaffold ; guide tissue engineering ; polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers ; zirconium ceramic ; PLLA coating ; dual drug delivery ; spiral ganglion neuron ; impedance measurements ; cochlear implant ; diclofenac ; chemical modification ; graft copolymers ; biomedical and environmental applications ; functionalized polymers ; silylated PLA ; crosslinking in situ ; hybrid network ; soft tissues regeneration ; polylactic acid ; sesbania gum ; ammonium polyphosphate ; flame retardancy ; polyester biomaterials ; PLLA ; PCL ; PHBV ; PLA-based materials ; drug delivery ; paclitaxel resistance ; metastasis ; lung cancer ; anoikis ; PLA nanoparticles ; Leishmania major ; recombinant histone H2B ; vaccine adjuvant ; parasite’ challenge ; lesion swelling ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 69
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Hot deformation is a key method of processing metallic materials and controlling their final properties through structure-forming processes. The ability to exploit the structural potentiality of both traditional alloys and new progressive materials is crucial in terms of sustainable development and economic growth. This reprint focuses not only on conventional technologies (e.g., rolling or forging) but also on modern procedures, such as various types of complex thermomechanical processing and controlled cooling. Most papers are based on the application of advanced hot deformation simulators and structural analysis methods, as well as computer simulations of bulk-forming processes.
    Keywords: processing maps ; activation energy maps ; flow stress maps ; artificial neural networks ; low-alloy steel ; austenitization temperature ; plastic deformation ; phase transformations ; CCT diagram ; dynamic recrystallization ; KoBo extrusion ; mechanical properties ; Al–Cu alloys ; microstructure and superplastic deformation ; semi-solid isothermal compression ; aluminum alloy ; microstructure ; deformation characteristics ; deformation mechanism ; constitutive equations ; flow stress model ; tensile deformation ; constitutive model ; stress correction ; high-carbon bainitic steel ; dynamic and post-dynamic softening ; hot-rolling ; final microstructure and mechanical properties ; β titanium alloy ; flow behavior ; forging metal specimens ; ultrasonic investigation ; Barkhausen noise ; hidden defects ; 47Zr-45Ti-5Al-3V alloy ; hot-working ; DRX behavior ; FEM ; CA ; magnesium alloys ; deformation ; hammer forging ; aircraft mounts ; industrial research ; structure ; recrystallization ; austenite to ferrite transformation ; cellular automaton ; finite element method (FEM) ; bonding strength ; compression ; forming ; Al6061 ; FE ; flow curve ; dynamic recrystallisation ; processing map ; LPSO phase ; Mg-6.8Y-2.5Zn-0.4Zr ; twin-roll casting ; hot deformation behavior ; super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) ; SEM-EBSD microstructural analysis ; magnesium alloy AZ91 ; physical modelling ; open die forging ; flat anvils ; shaped anvils ; meshless methods ; radial basis functions ; hot rolling ; steel ; austenite grain size ; ferrite grain size ; carbon steels ; hot flow stress curves ; peak flow stress ; peak strain ; critical strain for induce of dynamic recrystallization ; activation energy at hot forming ; austenite conditioning ; multipass torsion tests ; Nb–Mo-microalloyed steels ; low carbon and low alloy steel ; warm deformation ; texture ; aluminium ; metal matrix composite ; brake disk ; thermal stability ; physical modeling ; forging ; closure of discontinuities ; thermomechanical processing ; extrusion ; aluminium alloys ; car bodies ; plastometric tests ; rheological properties ; FEM modelling ; static recrystallization ; strain-induced precipitation ; microstructure evolution ; PSCT ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment affected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow. Therefore, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc. The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions. However, novel bacteria that degrade polymers considered non-biodegradable in other, unusual conditions (such as conditions of high salinity) are also presented.
    Keywords: chitin nanocrystals ; antioxidant activity ; polylactic acid ; nanocomposite ; active packaging ; DPPH ; eco-friendly copolymer ; poly(benzofurane-co-arylacetic acid) ; chitosan ; heavy metals removal ; wastewater ; Roșia Montană ; adsorption mechanism ; poly(butylene sebacate) ; biopolymer blends ; thermal analysis ; dynamic mechanical analysis ; polylactide ; cellulose nanowhiskers ; biopolymer ; stereocomplex ; interfacial compatibility ; nucleating agent ; hemin ; TEMPO stable radical ; correlation times ; ultrathin fibers ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; ozo-nation ; amorphous phase ; fish scales ; hydroxyapatite ; deproteinization ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; physical properties ; mechanical properties ; thermal properties ; electrospinnability ; polymer blends ; poly(lactic acid) ; aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters ; 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid ; thermoplastic polyurethane ; creep ; non-linear Burgers model ; activation energy ; 1D PLA filaments ; temperature ; ageing ; PLLA ; hydrophilicity ; alkali hydrolysis ; crystallinity ; biodegradable ; biocompatible ; antibacterial ; synthetic polymers ; natural polymers ; medical applications ; bone cement ; composite ; β-TCP ; PVA ; PVP ; microwave ; biocompatible polymers ; casein ; electric double layer ; synaptic transistors ; artificial synapses ; neuromorphic computing ; green composites ; 3D printing ; FDM ; biopolymers ; solanum lycopersicum ; surface characterization ; scanning probe microscopy ; additive manufacturing ; PLA ; multifrequency AFM ; alpha mangostin ; hyaluronic acid ; polymeric nanoparticle ; cytotoxic ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; nano-additives ; nanocomposites ; synthesis ; properties ; applications ; diabetes ; polymers ; biomaterials ; scaffolds ; wound dressings ; superabsorbent polymer ; water–polymer interaction ; solid waste sludge treatment ; starch biopolymer ; water absorbency ; starch ; halloysite ; hot water resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Many existing and newly constructed bridges are composed of reinforced and prestressed concrete. Advanced concrete materials play an increasingly important role in concrete bridges to facilitate the strengthening and repair of existing bridges, to facilitate a (fast) replacement solution for (part of) an existing bridge, and for the design of new challenging bridge projects. The development of advanced concrete materials and their structural applications is thus an important topic in the built environment.This reprint brings together research and practical applications from the perspective of material scientists and bridge engineers for applications to new and existing bridges.
    Keywords: ultra-high-performance concrete ; deck slab ; prestressed concrete ; static test ; fatigue test ; deck slab joint ; ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) ; shear property ; shear strength ; cast-in-place ; steel fiber ; superposed beam ; steel fiber reinforced expanded-shales lightweight concrete (SFRELC) ; flexural fatigue ; stress level ; crack width ; flexural stiffness ; fatigue life ; PVA-ECCs ; bridge repairs ; setting periods ; traffic vibrations ; strain-hardening characteristics ; flexural properties ; hinder-free replacement ; fast construction ; low maintenance ; ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) ; accelerated bridge construction (ABC) ; advanced design ; UHPC ; interface ; bond strength ; numerical analysis ; MgO expansive agent ; steel fiber reinforced concrete ; bridge deck ; laminated slab ; shrinkage crack ; reinforced concrete ; bridge deck slabs ; strengthening ; textile-reinforced concrete ; carbon concrete ; static loads ; fatigue loads ; experimental investigations ; structural concrete ; bridge engineering ; material characterization ; mechanical properties ; chemical properties ; structural analysis ; CFRP ; ductility ; post-tensioning ; concrete structures ; prefabricated concrete structure ; anchorage performance ; mechanical bond strength ; ultra-high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite (UHPFRC) ; non-destructive method (NDT) ; magnetic inductance ; quality control ; textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) ; fibre/textile-reinforced concrete (F/TRC) ; cracking behaviour ; serviceability limit state ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue highlights the last decade’s progress regarding new nanostructured materials. In this regard, the development of nanoscale syntheses and innovative characterization tools resulted in the tailored design of nanostructured materials with versatile abilities in many applications were investigated. Various types of engineered nanostructures, usually metal nanoparticles or nanoporous metal oxides, have been synthesized for various applications. This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art of advanced nanoparticles in many disciplines (chemistry, pharmacy, nano-medicine, agriculture, catalysis, and environmental science). The Special Issue entitled, Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials, including 18 original research works, focuses on highlighting the progress, challenges, and future directions in the area of the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures with multiple applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine [1-3].
    Keywords: nickel ferrite ; nanoparticle ; divalent metal doping ; magnetic properties ; 17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one ; testosterone ; ester ; crystal structure ; lattice energy ; solubility ; epoxy ; CFRP ; core–shell rubber nanoparticles ; tensile properties ; fracture toughness ; glass transition temperature ; medieval coins ; silver concentration ; materials archeometry ; manganites ; nanoparticle perovskites ; crystallography ; magnetic behavior ; phase transition ; critical behavior ; magnetocaloric effect ; orthodontic cements ; acidic environment ; mechanical properties ; surface roughness ; metal–organic frameworks ; probe ; fluorescent ; CDs ; copper ions ; perovskite manganite ; epitaxial thin films ; magnetoresistance ; anisotropy ; SERS ; plasmonics ; WO3 nanostructures ; Au TOH NPs ; anodization ; ceramic pigments ; spinel ; chromite ; optical properties ; coloring properties ; delafossite ; CuCrO2-CeO2 ; electrospinning ; catalyst ; methanol ; hydrogen production ; pH sensing ; solid-contact electrodes ; iridium dioxide ; composite materials ; carbon nanotubes ; poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) ; nanomaterials ; semiconductors ; photocatalyst ; photocatalysis ; plasmonic properties of metals ; porous carbon ; sustainability ; surface area ; CO2 separation ; selenium nanoparticles ; spirulina ; bioaccumulation ; proteins ; genes ; anodizing ; biomaterials ; biotribology ; oxide nanotubes ; Ti–13Zr–13Nb alloy ; medical masks ; washing ; detergent ; didecyldimethylammonium chloride ; air permeability ; antimicrobial activity ; residuals ; corrosion resistance ; zeta potential ; advanced metal oxide nanoparticles ; synthesis ; photocatalysts ; sustainable processes ; energy conversion ; nanosensors ; smart nanostructures and nanodevices for virus detection ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Constant striving to reduce pollutant emissions, greenhouse gases and energy consumption, i.e., sustainable development, forces the development of new and improved materials, technologies and manufacturing processes. One of the areas of sustainable development of the global economy is also the development of laser devices and the spreading of laser technology applications.The book deals with important issues related to the development of science and technology in the field of application the laser beam for joining, surface treatment, coatings. However, the thematic scope is not limited only to mentioned issues. The scope of the book covers issues related to advances in computational modelling of heat sources in laser and arc processes, unique techniques of underwater welding or unique techniques of forced cooling the weld metal under solidification during arc welding or hybrid process of laser deposition under cryogenic conditions, microstructural and mechanical characterisation of coatings and joints produced by different welding technologies. The above book contains valuable information, both theoretical and practical research results in the field of advanced technologies of joining, surface treatment and coatings, quality control and assessment, as well as management of the technological processes. Therefore, I deeply believe that the book will be a valuable and helpful for young scientists, engineers, and students in the field of welding and surface engineering, materials science, and manufacturing engineering.
    Keywords: titanium nitrides ; reflectivity ; absorption ; high power diode laser ; underwater welding ; covered electrodes ; wet welding ; cold cracking ; pad welding ; flame powder spray process ; coating ; aluminum ; carbon nanotubes ; carburite ; abrasive wear resistance ; erosion wear resistance ; laser welding ; numerical simulation ; X100 pipeline steel ; welding thermal cycle ; microstructure ; aluminium alloy ; laser surface alloying ; wear resistance ; boron carbide ; FEM ; numerical analyses ; simulations ; computational techniques ; SYSWELD ; displacements ; stresses ; laser beam ; weldability ; thermo-mechanically controlled processed ; S700MC TMCP steel ; MAG ; steel sheets ; lap joints ; mechanical properties ; microstructure analysis ; nickel-based superalloy ; heat resistant steel ; surfacing ; PPTA ; HPDDL ; Fe-based coating ; laser cladding ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; finite element method (FEM) ; welding ; laser ; heat source model ; keyhole welding ; thermal analysis ; austenitic stainless steel ; lean duplex stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joints ; reinforcing ; laser treatment ; strengthening ; bending ; low-carbon steel ; thin steel plate ; Ti13Nb13Zr alloy ; laser treatment nanoindentation ; electrophoretic deposition ; potentiodynamic polarization ; martensitic stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joint ; sulfide inclusions ; iron-based alloy ; hardfacing ; cladding ; tubular hardfacing electrode ; FCAW-GS ; FCAW-SS ; MMAW ; wear-resistant steel ; wear plate ; abrasion ; tribology ; weld surfacing ; welding sequence ; weld geometry ; structure analysis ; phase shares ; hardness distribution ; laser boriding ; engine oil ; wear ; friction ; surface layer ; smart city ; transport ; vehicles ; mechanical engineering ; Docol steel ; micro-jet welding ; mechanical tests ; mini-specimen ; fracture ; fatigue ; high-strength steel ; components ; joining ; micro-jet ; mechanical resistance ; parameters ; fatigue limit ; laser micro-welding ; cryosurgical probe ; butt weld ; thin tube welding ; laser deposition ; hybrid process ; cryogenic conditions ; composite coatings ; WC-Ni coatings ; fiber laser ; laser processing ; properties of surface layers ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Special Issue reprint presents articles from researchers working on materials processing via electron beams as well as on their characterization, properties, and applications. The articles presented cover various topics, including metal melting and welding, additive manufacturing, electron beam irradiation, electron beam lithography, process modeling, etc.
    Keywords: electron-beam welding ; welded metal structure ; dynamic positioning of an electron beam ; electron beam ; additive manufacturing ; titanium alloys ; wire feed process ; residual stresses ; mechanical properties ; EBI ; γ-ray ; GC-MS ; FT-IR ; larch sapwood ; wood extractives ; melting ; melting temperature ; numerical simulation ; electron beam additive manufacturing ; nanoindentation ; strain rate sensitivity ; creep ; corn starch ; potato starch ; moisture content ; specific heat capacity ; pH ; color parameters ; copper technogenic material ; thermodynamic analysis ; removal efficiency ; patterned sapphire substrate ; electron etching ; gold ; cathodoluminescent analysis ; anisotropy ; light-emitting diodes ; windows ; electron beam welding ; aluminum 6082 ; porosity ; beam figure ; electron-beam lithography ; Monte Carlo method ; proximity function ; electrons scattering ; technogenic Co–Cr–Mo alloy ; electron beam recycling ; refining process ; degree of removal ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.
    Keywords: groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; hexavalent chromium contamination ; water chemistry simulation ; construction disturbance ; replacement of embankment ; foamed cement banking technology ; post-construction settlement ; method of replacement thickness calculation ; steam injection ; ethanol ; azeotropic temperature ; heterogeneous aquifers ; nitrobenzene ; microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) ; unsaturated soil ; soil-water characteristic curves ; matrix suction ; microstructure ; molecular dynamics ; mechanical properties ; montmorillonite ; basal spacing ; long-term freeze–thaw cycles ; composite heavy metal contamination ; morphological analysis ; solidification/stabilization ; groundwater level fluctuation zone ; nitrogen ; migration and transformation ; HYDRUS-1D model ; kinetic adsorption and desorption ; groundwater table fluctuations ; Pb ; migration ; experimental study ; unsaturated subgrade ; capillary barrier ; distress control of wetting ; xanthan gum ; silt ; water retention capacity ; strength ; wetting process ; microscopic tests ; overconsolidation effect ; thermal pore water pressure ; calculation method ; saturated clay ; additives ; compacted clay cover ; moisture retention ; gas diffusion barrier ; hydraulic conductivity ; tidal action ; silty-clay soil ; riparian hyporheic zone ; inorganic nitrogen ; occurrence characteristics ; influencing factors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing attention on the reduction of CO2 emissions, the sustainability of construction materials has become one of the most growing issues in concrete science and engineering research fields. New sustainable construction materials, such as alkali-activated materials, calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), have been suggested and high-performance and/or highly durable construction materials using special admixtures, such as nanomaterials, have been studied to reduce the environmental impact during the life cycle of construction materials.This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent findings in developing new sustainable cementitious materials, modeling their hydration kinetics, investigating their microstructure, improving the performance and durability of cementitious materials using functional supplementary ingredients, suggesting novel test methods for new construction materials, etc. In this Special Issue are presented the following areas:Sustainable concrete and alternative binders;Hydration kinetics of sustainable cementitious materials;Characterization of sustainable cementitious materials;Re-utilization of industrial by-products for construction materials;High strength and durable cementitious materials;Property enhancement by functional additives;Energy storage through construction materials.
    Keywords: foam composite ; active carbon ; micropore volume ; specific surface area ; pore structure ; compressive strength ; flexural strength ; drying shrinkage ; amorphous metallic fiber ; carbonation ; mortar ; crack healing ; clinker binder and aggregate ; flexural performance ; water flow test ; curing ; Portland cement ; limestone ; metakaolin ; carbonation curing ; CO2 uptake ; LC3 ; hydration reaction ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; thermogravimetry ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; X-ray diffraction ; calcium silicate hydrate ; photocatalysis ; titanium dioxide nanotube ; anatase TiO2 ; hydration products ; cement paste ; fine aggregate ; bottom ash ; GGBFS ; cold-bonded pelletization ; heavy metal leaching ; strengthening methods ; fiber reinforced polymer ; no-slump ; high-strength ; ductility concrete ; low-velocity impact load ; two-way slab ; superabsorbent polymer ; belite-rich Portland cement ; sustainable ultra-high-performance paste ; internal curing ; autogenous shrinkage ; sustainable concrete ; wastewater ; industrial waste management ; sustainable development ; sustainable construction materials ; circular economy ; recycling ; materials design ; construction materials ; materials properties ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; sewage concrete ; surface coating ; sulfate ion ; service life ; cover depth ; architectural injection grout ; dry hydrated lime ; particle density ; workability ; porosity ; mechanical properties ; ISO22197-1 ; titanium dioxide (TiO2) ; nitrogen oxides (NOx) ; embodied carbon ; recycled asphalt ; recycled aggregate ; construction waste materials ; alternative additives ; alternative water resources ; durability ; residues ; carbon dioxide ; pollution ; pozzolanic activity ; UHPC ; thermodynamic modeling ; phase assemblage ; alternative cementitious binders ; supplementary cementitious materials ; CaO-activation ; auxiliary activator ; chemical resistance ; freezing ; thawing ; self-healing of cracks ; concrete ; constitutive relations ; damage mechanics ; finite element analysis ; cement composite ; filler effect ; microstructure ; nano-silica ; silica fume ; fine recycled aggregate ; construction and demolition waste ; recycled concrete aggregate ; recycled masonry aggregate ; recycled aggregate concrete ; alkali-activated materials ; setting time ; ultrasonic measurements ; calorimetry ; strength ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Composites are the most promising material available in the twenty-first century. Composites reinforced with synthetic or natural fibers are becoming extremely prevalent as the demand for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications grows. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite has a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent properties, such as high durability, stiffness, damping property, flexural strength, and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. Various properties of composite materials have led to applications in construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other industries. Because their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques primarily determine the performance of composite materials, the functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials must be investigated.
    Keywords: GFRP ; environmental degradation ; tensile properties ; DIC ; long-term prediction ; thermo-oxidative stability ; woven composites ; structure effect ; finite element ; n/a ; polypropylene fiber mechanism sand concrete ; frost resistance ; freeze–thaw damage model ; RSM strength model ; eucalyptus bark ; Yunnan pine wood ; bamboo culms ; industrial hemp hurd ; FTIR ; XRD ; TG ; mechanical properties ; fibre metal laminates ; natural fibre composites ; progressive damage analysis ; failure mechanism ; finite element analysis ; numerical analysis ; tension ; delamination ; polyethylene ; composite materials ; ground coffee waste ; impact ; TGA ; thermal cycle ; thermally stable ; 3D-printing technology ; fused deposition modeling ; CFRP composites ; mechanical degradation ; morphological structure ; ballistic limit ; composite armors ; ogive–nose projectile ; theoretical analysis ; ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene ; carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) ; recycling ; epoxy ; DDS ; short fiber-reinforced composites ; injection molding ; thermoplastic material characterization ; numerical simulation ; complex geometry ; starch ; Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) ; thermoplastic cassava starch ; cotton/bamboo woven fabric ; silane treatment ; thrust force ; SEM analysis ; RSM ; machining operation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue reprint book features a broad scope of contributions that highlight current accomplishments and provide readers with some perspective on the direction of research on magnesium alloys in the near future with respect to global challenges. The papers included in the book report on state-of-the-art methods and research trends regarding the microstructure, properties and industrial application of magnesium alloys for use in lightweight structures across several industries.
    Keywords: magnesium alloys ; interface reaction ; diffusion ; intermetallic phases ; cyclic expansion extrusion with asymmetrical extrusion cavity ; AZ31B alloy ; microstructure ; texture ; mechanical properties ; magnesium wire ; extrusion ; characterization ; wrapping test ; AZ-series ; EBSD ; magnesium ; deformation twinning ; damage initiation ; rolling ; strength ; segregation ; precipitate ; twinning ; modeling ; void ; rigid inclusion ; magnesium-rare earth alloy ; recrystallization ; selective grain growth ; Mg-RE alloys ; in situ diffraction ; crystal plasticity ; magnesium single crystal ; sheets ; formability ; non-flammability ; indirect extrusion ; magnesium alloy ; fatigue ; equal-channel angular pressing ; grain refinement ; S–N curve ; stent ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration.
    Keywords: bone ; collagen type I ; alginate ; conditioned medium ; viability ; MSC ; osteogenesis ; pulsed electromagnetic field ; osteogenic factors ; wool keratin scaffolds ; bone tissue engineering ; biocompatibility ; biomaterials ; bone augmentation ; bone conduction ; bone grafting ; calcium hydroxyapatite ; tissue regeneration ; dental implants ; osseointegration ; osteoporosis ; zoledronate ; animal model ; titanium membrane ; titanium foil ; occlusive titanium barrier ; guided bone regeneration ; osteoporotic condition ; xenograft ; bone regeneration ; titanium implants ; additive manufacturing ; reused powder ; unit cell topology ; tissue engineering ; mechanical properties ; stem cells ; surface functionalization ; titanium ; protein adsorption ; surface modifications ; cell interactions ; collagen hydrogel ; cell delivery ; olfactory ectomesenchyme stem cells ; bioactive glasses ; alkali-free ; sol–gel ; bone remodeling ; bone disorders ; biomechanics ; scaffolds ; microenvironment ; 3D bioprinting ; computational modeling ; bone implant ; bone defects ; chitosan ; degree of deacetylation ; bone formation ; X-ray micro CT ; histology ; sheep tibia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We thank all contributors of this Special Issue and the editorial staff of Crystals for helping this Special Issue achieve success; we are especially gratefully to the expert reviewers who agreed to review the papers submitted to this Special Issue for their diligence and timely effort. Under joint efforts, finally, this Special Issue published 15 papers, including 1 review paper and 14 original research papers. These published papers are mainly related to the mechanical properties of superelastic alloys, titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, various kinds of steels, medium-entropy alloys, high-temperature alloys, etc. Under the success of this Special Issue, the published papers will promote the development and progress of advanced metallic materials. We sincerely hope these papers can cause the readers to be informative and inspire them to obtain new ideas.
    Keywords: low cycle fatigue ; microstructure ; titanium alloys ; thermal-mechanical alleviation ; current ; plasma arc cladding technology ; 2205 duplex stainless steel ; potentiodynamic polarization curve ; passive film composition ; aluminum micron powder ; microwave radiation ; energetic material ; aluminized high-energy material ; high-speed imaging ; laser monitor ; Fe-based alloy ; superelasticity ; martensitic transformation ; precipitate ; medium-entropy alloy ; twin boundary ; mechanical properties ; molecular dynamics ; Ti alloy ; microstructure evolution ; hot tensile deformation ; fracture mechanism ; 5083/6005A welding joint ; corrosion mechanism ; corrosion model ; fatigue life prediction model ; Cu–Al–Ag alloy ; martensite ; accumulative roll bonding (ARB) ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; hybrid composites ; characterization ; zirconia ; graphite ; SEM ; selective laser melting ; Inconel 718 alloy ; laser energy density ; microhardness ; laser-based powder bed fusion ; titanium alloy ; Taguchi ; process optimization ; density ; A1. dendrite ; A1. particle pushing ; A1. diffusion ; A2. growth from melt ; B1. alloys ; Ti alloys ; β-phase ; laser cladding ; wear characterization ; biomedical applications ; physical vapor deposition ; pre-oxidation ; coating adhesion ; titanium ; ferritic stainless steel ; high-manganese steel ; structural steel ; phase interface ; reactive wetting ; contact angle ; refractory material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The ongoing twin transition of the wood-based panel industry towards a green, digital, and more resilient bioeconomy is essential for a successful transformation to decarbonize the sector and implement a circular development model, transforming linear industrial value chains to minimize pollution and waste generation, and providing more sustainable growth and jobs. This green transition represents an opportunity to place the wood-based panel industry on a new path of more sustainable and inclusive growth, tackling climate change and reducing its dependence on fossil-derived raw materials, thus improving the industry’s resource efficiency and security. It provides examples of the most recent advances and technological developments in the design, production, characteristics, and current and future applications of sustainable, eco-friendly wood and wood-based composites with enhanced properties and a reduced carbon footprint. It is intended for material scientists, wood scientists, environmental scientists, graduate and postgraduate students in Wood Science and Technology, as well as wood-based panel industry professionals. In addition, the content is relevant to government authorities and stakeholders working in the domain of sustainable wood value chains, aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals and enhanced contribution of the forest-based sector to long-term climate change mitigation.
    Keywords: Paulownia tomentosa x elongata ; plantation wood ; lightweight ; physical and mechanical properties ; amylose ; amylopectin ; bio-based adhesives ; starch ; wood adhesives ; wood-based panels ; particleboard ; OSB ; heat release ; time-to-ignition ; mass loss ; wood-based materials properties ; formaldehyde ; alternative raw materials ; forest residues ; LCA ; wood ; concrete ; road ; bridge ; environmental impact ; CNC machines ; acoustics emission ; wood-processing parameters ; tool temperature ; adaptive control ; bamboo ; boric acid ; physical properties ; mechanical properties ; adhesion properties ; morphological properties ; basic properties ; wood shaving ; composite ; composites materials ; adhesive combination ; semantan bamboo ; beting bamboo ; shear strength ; strip arrangement ; lay-up pattern ; fracture behaviors ; fibers ; in situ bending tests ; parenchymal cells ; bamboo-based composites ; Paulownia ; wood properties ; position in stem ; Balsa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites”, collects high-level original and review papers, focused on scientific discussions and practical applications in the field of functional polymer nanocomposites, including (a) optoelectronic materials (papers 1–6), (b) biomedical materials (papers 7–12), and (c) other functional polymer nanocomposites (papers 13–18).
    Keywords: POSS ; poly(vinyl chloride) ; plasticizer ; nanocomposites ; graphene ; electrically conductive adhesive ; fillers ; TiO2 ; Al2O3 ; BN ; resins ; wearable pressure sensor ; piezoresistive sensor ; fiber assembly ; nanofiber aerogel ; reduced graphene oxide ; nano-TiO2 ; poly-geminal dicationic ionic liquid ; hydroquinone ; catechol ; transparent polyimide ; nanocomposite ; film ; organoclay ; thermo-mechanical properties ; optical transparency ; CFRP ; Carbon nanotubes ; Nanocomposites ; Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ; Energy absorption ; root canal obturation ; composites ; urethane acrylates ; nanoscale silicate platelets ; carbon dioxide-based resins ; dental resin composite ; montmorillonite ; palygorskite ; cartilage tissue ; amphiphilic gelatin microcapsules ; tissue-mimetic pellets ; magnetic stimulation ; CD44 receptor ; soluble polyimide ; polyurethane ; Jeffamine ; organic-inorganic hybrid film ; Stretchable transistor ; silicone nanoparticles ; PDMS ; TEOS ; hydrogels ; soft contact lenses ; polymerizable reduced graphene oxide ; in situ polymerization ; electrical conductivity ; dispersion of 2D nanosheets ; powder coating ; thermal conductivity ; heat dissipation ; thermal radiation ; vanadium redox flow battery ; carbon felt ; atmospheric plasma ; polyacrylonitrile ; 3D printing process ; mesoporous iron oxide ; microneedles ; minoxidil ; electrochemical polymerization ; PEDOT ; graphene oxide ; anti-fouling capability ; anti-bacterial capability ; black phosphorene ; boron nitride ; flame retardant ; waterborne polyurethane ; organic montmorillonite ; natural rubber ; damping properties ; mechanical properties ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue will provide a snapshot of the state of the art in metals, alloy coatings, and films produced through several techniques, including PVD, CVD, MOCVD, electrodeposition, electroless, ALD, welding, etc. These metal and alloy coatings and films can act as corrosion and oxidation resistance barriers and catalysts to enable water splitting, among other catalysis applications. Ten contributions (nine articles and one review) have been published in this Special Issue, covering research topics such as the fracture of metal parts, progress in coating growth and characterization techniques, processing condition–structure–property relations, the development of novel lubricants and advanced simulations relevant to tribological contacts and metal manufacturing, and the structural, morphological, corrosion, oxidizing, wear, and catalytic properties of thin films. As the Guest Editor, I hope that the research results presented in this Special Issue will contribute to the further progression of research in the field of special metal alloy coating and catalysis.
    Keywords: pretreatment ; polyetherimide ; electroless plating ; metallization ; adhesion ; boom ; fracture ; finite element analysis ; coating ; high-entropy alloy ; tungsten arc ; fatigue wear ; abrasive wear ; adhesive wear ; P-GMAW ; drop transition ; weld pool ; component supercooling ; Al-Cu-Li alloy ; RE cerium ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; electrodeposition ; alloys ; ionic liquids ; deep eutectic solvents ; coatings ; functional material ; nanotechnology ; shear band ; shear transformation zone ; fracture surface ; dimple pattern ; periodic corrugations ; cobalt selenide ; electrocatalysis ; biomass ; DFT ; cataphoresis ; electrophoresis ; coating layer thickness ; analysis ; planning conditions ; technical aluminium alloy ; aluminium oxide thickness ; oxide thickness characterization ; method comparison ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Auger electron spectroscopy ; transmission electron microscopy ; oxide growth ; aging test ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Polymer science represents a domain of great interest due to the possible applications of polymers in areas that range from the most common to those that are high-tech. To achieve this, synthesis and characterization techniques, as well as the correlation of the chemical structure and morphology with their properties, is critical. From the perspective of synthesis, there are two strategies for obtaining polymers: step-growth (polyaddition, polycondensation, and reversible-deactivation radical polymerization) and chain polymerization (radical polymerization, coordinative polymerization, and cationic and anionic polymerization).The advancement of polymer applications continues to lead to the expansion of the synthesis and characterization techniques that can be facilitated by novel, smart, multifunctional polymers. There is a correlation between structure, composition, morphology, and properties of applications that leads to substantial benefits for specific applications.This Special Issue will establish a collection of articles and reviews that follow the latest developments in polymer synthesis, their characterization techniques, and the correlation between structure and properties.
    Keywords: intramolecular charge transfer ; copolymers ; π − π stacking ; direct arylation polycondensation ; and excitonic state ; sodium alginate ; starch ; kaolin ; free radical polymerization ; superabsorbent composites ; characterization ; swelling behavior ; polyurea-polyurethane ; nanocomposite ; ballistic protection ; coatings ; mechanical properties ; multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) ; Hopkinson bar ; polyethylene ; olefin polymerization ; Ziegler–Natta ; polyvinyl chloride ; beta-cyclodextrin ; emulsion polymerization ; adsorption kinetics ; adsorption isotherms ; bisphenol A adsorption ; one-pot method ; polyamide ; elastomer ; PPG diamine ; damping property ; PC-PDMS copolymer ; melt polycondensation ; miscibility ; equilibrium transesterification level ; conversion ; host–guest strategy ; hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers ; rheological behaviors ; salt tolerance ; β-cyclodextrin ; coordination polymer ; crystal structure analysis ; entanglement ; luminescence ; benzoxazines cure ; phosphazenes ; flame retardant ; catalysis ; thermal analysis ; molecular brushes ; polyimide ; poly(ε-caprolactone) ; ATRP ; ROP ; CuAAC ; cis-1,4 selective ; 1,3-butadiene ; α-diimine cobalt complexes ; copolymerization ; π-π stacking interactions ; styrene–acrylic emulsion ; cooperated ; reverse iodine transfer polymerization ; polymeric emulsifier ; polyurethanes ; xanthan gum ; titanium dioxide ; atomic force microscopy ; X-Ray diffraction ; agro-industrial waste ; GC-MS/MS spectrometry ; IR spectrometry ; PHB ; polyethylene terephthalate recycling ; polyurethane ; binder ; polymeric composite ; rocket propellant ; subscale rocket motor ; eco-friendly ; nanoparticles ; chemical warfare agents ; sulfur mustard (HD) ; dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) ; biological agents ; nanocomposite films ; decontamination ; antimicrobial materials ; peeling ; active coatings ; RAFT polymerization ; poly(stearyl acrylate) ; poly(octadecyl acrylate) ; semi-crystalline polymer ; side chain crystalline polymer ; end group effect ; soybean oil fatty acids ; bubble column reactor ; microwave reactor ; lowest energetic consumption ; color ; rheology ; “green” chelates ; complexing agents ; strippable coating ; surface decontamination ; heavy metal ; radioactive material ; radionuclide ; polyisoprene ; oligopeptide length ; distribution ; terminal block ; post-metallocene catalyst ; ethylene ; 1-olefin ; styrenic monomer ; α,ω-alkenol ; HCN polymers ; cyanide polymerization ; microwave-driven polymerization ; nanofibers ; multifunctional materials ; low-energy electron beam ; fluorescence ; polymer dosimeter ; radiofluorogenic ; 3D dosimetry ; glycidyl methacrylate ; styrene ; kinetic modeling ; RAFT copolymerization ; curing agent ; epoxyurethane oligomer ; oligotetramethylene oxide diol ; synthesis ; bromination ; Gabriel reaction ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; high molecular weight ; polymerization ; application ; aza-Michael addition ; comb-like polymer ; non-ionic waterborne polyester ; hydrolysis resistance ; polypyrrole nanoparticles ; NIR laser irradiation ; photothermal modeling ; photothermal transduction efficiency ; overall heat transfer coefficient ; thermally self-healing ; PET ; linear polyurethane ; Diels–Alder reaction ; sustainability ; silica ; sand ; polymer ; composite ; synthetic ; sheets ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; mixed microbial cultures ; extraction ; sodium hypochlorite ; dimethyl carbonate ; chloroform ; disperse dyes ; polyester fabrics ; microwave irradiation ; ultraviolet protection factor ; biodegradable polyesters ; TBD ; organic catalyst ; apigenin ; Box–Behnken design ; antioxidant ; chitosan ; epoxy resin ; epoxy oligomer ; phosphazene ; bisphenol F ; glass transition temperature ; gelatin ; poly(vinylpyrrolidone) ; hydrogel ; radiation crosslinking ; interpenetrating network ; starch bio-composite ; environmental concern ; natural resource ; biodegradability ; antimicrobial activity ; dosimetric properties ; tissue-equivalent phantom ; absorbed dose ; IA-PAE ; radiation therapy ; polymers ; nanosuspension ; solubility ; bioavailability ; anti-solvent precipitation ; in vitro drug dissolution ; ciprofloxacin (CIP) ; levofloxacin (LEV) ; bimetallic ; limestone ; alginate ; adsorption ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aim of this reprint is to highlight the progress and fundamental aspects for the synthesis, characterization, properties, and application of novel polymeric materials, as well as their copolymers, composites, and nanocomposites.
    Keywords: poly(lactic acid) ; epoxidized natural rubber ; polymer blend ; natural additives ; antioxidant ; polymer blending ; radiation crosslinking ; polyethylene ; polyurethane ; heat resistance ; mechanical property ; aramid fiber ; ballistic test ; failure mechanism ; cyclotriphosphazane ; flame retardancy ; dielectric properties ; azo compound ; liquid crystal ; structure–property relationship ; axial behavior ; geopolymer concrete (GC) ; ferrocement ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; polyacrylonitrile ; lignin ; electrospinning ; selective chemical dissolution ; porous nanofibers ; nanofibers ; soft template ; peat soil ; cement ; stabilization ; fly ash ; polypropylene fiber ; unconfined compressive strength (UCS) ; California bearing ratio (CBR) ; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ; bio-based polyurethanes ; jatropha oil ; algae oil ; recovered palm oil ; epoxy composite ; green composite ; corn cob ; polycarbonates ; transesterification ; polycondensation ; polymer ; hydrogen ; hydrophobic ; sensing ; nanostructures ; palladium ; polymer composite ; fibre-prestressing ; residual stresses ; PCL–SBA-15 nanocomposites ; real-time variable-temperature synchrotron measurements ; confinement ; mechanical behavior ; nanoclay ; nanocomposites ; mechanical properties ; impact properties ; hardness ; polymer composites ; graphene quantum dots ; bioactive ; biomedical ; synthesis ; PVK ; hexylthiophene ; PANI ; nanocomposite ; photovoltaic cells ; DFT ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; fibers ; biodegradability ; packaging ; patents ; poly(aminopropyl/phenyl)silsesquioxane ; thiol-ene ; kinetics ; activation energy ; polymer characterization ; viscoelasticity ; DMA ; solution blow spinning ; polyethylene oxide ; morphology ; materials characterization ; polymer dissolution ; kaolin flocculation ; aggregate resistance ; salinity ; flocculation kinetic ; shear rate ; thermoplastic starch ; silane ; foam ; carbon dioxide ; microcapsules ; dip coating ; encapsulation ; spectroscopy ; microscopy ; antibacterial silver ; polyaniline ; dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid ; γ-Al2O3 ; in situ polymerization ; core–shell nanocomposite ; polyphosphazene ; micro-nanospheres ; species-absorbing mechanisms ; hydrophobicity ; thermochemical ; PVDF ; alkali-grafting ; α-methyl styrene ; acrylonitrile ; proton exchange membrane ; block copolymers ; random copolymers ; catalytic membranes ; esterification ; isopropyl acetate ; bioinspired bottlebrush polymers ; aqueous boundary lubrication ; friction ; wear resistance ; supramolecular hydrogel ; acrylic acid ; maleic anhydride ; terpyridine ; coordination interaction ; thermoplastic polyurethanes ; surface free energy ; dithiol ; differential scanning calorimetry ; optical properties ; arsine ; ligands ; polypropylene ; catalyst ; degradation ; sol-gel process ; 3D network hybrid materials ; nanoparticles ; nanodispersity ; ionic liquids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCP Plastics and polymers
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint features the latest reviews and cutting-edge research articles on bio-based and natural polymers. It clearly demonstrates the increased interest in this field and will inspire researchers to further develop this field and thus contribute to more sustainable future societies.
    Keywords: Polyhydroxyalkanoate ; PHA ; production ; high cell density cultivations ; productivity ; downstream processing ; biobased polymers ; mechanical properties ; thermal properties ; polycondensation ; polymerization ; EPR spectroscopy ; GalX ; polyamide ; radical decomposition ; sugar derived monomers ; graphene quantum dots ; nanocellulose ; composite ; composites ; food packaging ; films ; gelatin ; starch ; biobased poly(furfuryl alcohol) ; ring-opening ; degree of open structures ; gum Arabic ; curcumin ; drug delivery system ; Simulated Intestinal Fluid ; Simulated Gastric Fluid ; encapsulation efficiency ; loading capacity ; antioxidant activity ; release rate ; plant oils ; plant oil-based acrylic monomers ; miniemulsion polymerization ; biobased latexes ; waterborne contact adhesive ; birch ethanol lignin ; sulfamic acid ; urea ; sulfation process optimization ; sulfated product characterization ; FTIR spectroscopy ; 2D NMR spectroscopy ; gel permeation chromatography ; thermal analysis ; biopolymers ; biocomposites ; reinforcements ; adhesion ; micro-mechanics ; acoustic emission ; biobased blends ; poly(lactic acid) ; polyamide-11 ; morphology ; interfacial tension ; impact strength ; Arundo donax L. ; valorization ; panel ; plant residues ; waste ; locust bean gum ; galactomannans ; carob ; thickening agents ; planar stereogenicity ; axial stereogenicity ; trypticene ; helicene ; HPLC enantioseparation ; amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) ; Chiralpak AD-3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed.
    Keywords: dynamic pollution model ; reference insulators ; insulator structure coefficient ; natural pollution tests ; finite element method ; partial discharge ; protrusion ; gas-insulated system ; HVDC ; SF6 ; synthetic air ; insulator ; pollution ; humidity ; equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) ; non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) ; leakage current ; post-installation study ; double exponential function ; indirect lightning ; medium voltage transformer ; spark gap ; filtered surge arrester ; energy-controlled switch ; ice-covered insulator ; characteristics extraction ; image processing method ; median filtering method ; entropy threshold segmentation ; modified Canny operator ; region growth method ; icing degree ; gas-insulated substations ; VFTO ; EMF modeling ; transient ground potential rise ; polymeric material ; thermoplastic ; thermoset ; elastomer ; epoxy resin ; electrical properties ; mechanical properties ; high-voltage applications ; partial discharges ; textured insulator ; artificial clean fog test ; dry bands ; discharges ; partial arcs ; monitoring ; HVDC outdoor insulators ; silicone rubber ; fumed silica ; ground silica ; dry-band arcing ; erosion performance ; outdoor insulators ; transmission and distribution ; pollution performance ; tracking ; erosion resistance ; overhead power lines ; atmospheric icing ; power outage ; anti-icing ; de-icing ; line design ; passive devices ; coatings ; mechanical methods ; thermal methods ; composite crossarm ; pollution flashover characteristics ; core diameter ; hydrophobicity ; umbrella structure ; voltage gradient ; flashover ; inception voltage ; arc propagation ; finite element method (FEM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to present the latest developments in the casting and forming of light alloys. The preparation process and performance enhancement of Al, Mg or their composite materials are mainly studied. Particular attention has been paid to the relationship between process conditions, microstructural features, and mechanical properties.
    Keywords: aluminium casting alloys ; complex structure modification ; titanium ; barium ; titanium dioxide ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; macrostructure ; bifilm ; Al–7 Si–0.3 Mg alloy ; hydrogen ; filtration ; Weibull modulus ; squeeze casting ; novel Al-Si alloy ; wear analysis ; pin on disc wear testing ; Mg–Al bimetal ; vibration ; interface ; bonding strength ; magnesium alloy ; Mg-Zr master alloy ; Zr refiner ; grain refinement ; casting ; aluminum alloy ; twin-roll caster ; molten metals ; cladding ; deformation maps ; Al-Zn-Mg alloys ; Al3Zr dispersoids ; Zn/Mg ratios ; recrystallization ; AlSn20Cu alloy ; semi-continuous casting ; semi-solid die casting ; spray forming ; antifriction alloys ; bearings ; porous composite ; space holder method ; compression property ; energy absorption ; FSLW ; SiCp/ZL101 and ZL101 joint ; temperature ; friction and wear properties ; wear mechanism ; cast aluminum alloys ; modification ; rubidium ; eutectic silicon ; solidification process ; porosity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metallurgy involves the art and science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use. With thousands of years of development, many interdisciplinary technologies have been introduced into this traditional and large-scale industry. In modern metallurgical practices, modelling and simulation are widely used to provide solutions in the areas of design, control, optimization, and visualization, and are becoming increasingly significant in the progress of digital transformation and intelligent metallurgy. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Metallurgical Process Simulation and Optimization”, has been organized as a platform to present the recent advances in the field of modelling and optimization of metallurgical processes, which covers the processes of electric/oxygen steel-making, secondary metallurgy, (continuous) casting, and processing. Eighteen articles have been included that concern various aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: Al–Ag alloys ; Ag clusters ; positron annihilation ; monovacancies ; shallow trapping ; continuous casting ; electromagnetic stirring ; flow behavior ; uniform index of solidified shell ; digital image correlation ; mechanical properties ; stainless steel ; temperature ; thermovision ; uniaxial tensile test ; cryogenic vessel steels ; cerium ; microstructure ; inclusions ; electric arc furnace ; energy efficiency modelling ; process optimization ; mass and energy balances ; blast furnace ; hydrogen injection ; gas utilisation efficiency ; energy consumption ; CO2 emission ; EDA—exploratory data analysis ; rare Earth metal oxides ; wear resistance ; heatmap ; correlation ; electro-gas welding ; high heat input ; heat source movement path ; finite element analysis ; thermal evolution ; fluid-particle flow ; submerged entry nozzle ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; vortex structures ; crystallization ratio ; flux film ; heat transfer ; longitudinal crack ; peritectic steels ; high carbon steel ; cracking con-rod ; C70S6 ; tundish ; flow field ; water modelling ; mathematical simulation ; temperature field ; bloom quality consistency ; PFR lime kiln ; lime calcination ; BFG ; numerical simulation ; PMM ; SCM ; high-temperature confocal microscope ; phase-field simulation ; duplex stainless steel ; cooling rate ; near-α titanium alloy ; TiH2-based powder metallurgy ; hot compression ; strain hardening exponents ; strain rate sensitivity ; processing map ; alumina inclusion ; interfacial tension ; steelmaking ; continuous casting mold ; surfactant ; sulfur ; simulation ; dry vibrating material ; collapsed ladle ; mathematical modeling ; stress field ; strain field ; molecular dynamics simulation ; CaF2 ; melts’ structure ; transport properties ; viscosity ; inclusion ; ZrO2 ; nucleation mechanism ; first principles ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Reprint includes articles published in the Special Issue "Droplet-Based Microfluidics: Design, Fabrication and Applications". This Special Issue focuses on the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, fabrication of microfluidic devices, and the generation, manipulation, and applications of droplets.
    Keywords: digital microfluidics ; lab-on-a-chip ; ITO ; PET ; fL–pL level ; transfer droplet volume ; microporous encapsulation ; ultra-micro-dispensing ; liquid metal ; variable stiffness ; 4D printing ; thermal response ; phase change ; droplet impact ; superhydrophobic surface ; asymmetric jetting ; droplet manipulation ; bubbly water ; bubbly detonation ; shock wave-to-bubbly water momentum transfer ; bubble explosion ; underwater propulsion ; microstructure ; finite element simulation ; thermal imprint ; polymer ; continuous crystallization ; microfluidics ; slug flow ; contact angle ; solid–liquid interaction ; solubility modeling ; droplet microfluidics ; plug & play ; portable microfluidics ; spheroids ; microtissues ; wettability ; sliding behavior ; surface tension ; droplet ; basalt ; E-glass ; epoxy resin ; graphite particles ; mechanical properties ; double emulsion ; core–shell droplet ; tri-axial capillary ; computational fluid dynamics ; dripping regime ; single-cell ; CD8 T-cell ; cytokines ; microgel ; heterogeneity ; picoliter droplets ; rapid prototyping ; bead encapsulation ; 3D printing ; triethylaluminum ; triethylborane ; oxygen intrusion reaction ; rate constant ; activation energy ; self-ignition delay ; formation of radicals ; detailed kinetics ; computational code ; lung-on-a-chip ; porous membrane ; gas–liquid dual-channel chip ; nanoparticle ; numerical simulation ; microfluidic device ; droplet formation ; surface energy ; post-polymerization processing ; wetting ; liquid metal elastomers ; soft and stretchable electronics ; wearable strain sensors ; soft robotics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering”, aims to present to interested researchers and engineers the latest achievements in the field of new research methods, as well as the original results of scientific research carried out with their use—not only in laboratory conditions but also in selected case studies. The articles published in this Special Issue are theoretical–experimental and experimental, and also show the practical nature of the research. They are grouped by topic, and the main content of each article is briefly discussed for your convenience. These articles extend the knowledge in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering with regard to new and improved non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, their complementary application, and also the analysis of their results—including the use of sophisticated mathematical algorithms and artificial intelligence, as well as the diagnostics of materials, components, structures, entire buildings, and interesting case studies.
    Keywords: conveyor belt ; climatic factors ; thermal shocks ; mechanical properties ; applied geophysics ; urban geophysics ; Eleftheria Square ; ERT ; probability-based ERT inversion (PERTI) method ; GPR ; EMI ; impact-echo ; tooth gear impactor ; contact duration ; delamination ; rapid scanning ; non-destructive testing ; concrete slab ; building defects ; building diagnosis ; building envelope ; building inspection system ; urgency of repair ; historic buildings ; brick walls ; nondestructive testing ; artificial neural networks ; Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) ; passive house (PH) ; heat flux meter (HFM) ; quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) ; building thermal performance ; U-value ; Mediterranean climate ; electrical resistivity ; electrical impedance ; concrete ; mortar ; measurement accuracy ; ultrasonic elastography ; underground detection ; soil inspection ; underwater acoustics ; non-destructive test ; monitoring ; housing ; buildings ; façade ; thermal transmittance ; HFM method ; infrared thermography ; solar loading thermography ; lock-in thermography ; passive thermography ; thermal thickness ; thermal effusivity ; infrastructure ; NDT ; onsite X-ray bridge inspection ; 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources ; PC bridge ; unfilled grout ; quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout ; step-heating thermography ; active thermography ; linear effusivity fit ; ground-penetrating radar ; signal features ; material moisture ; classification ; machine learning ; moisture measurements ; building floors ; civil engineering ; crack measurement ; image processing ; high resolution ; working distance ; crack width ; visual inspection ; structure state assessment ; ground sample distance (GSD) ; sonic resonant method ; impulse excitation technique ; resonant frequency ; steel fiber reinforced concrete ; fiber orientation ; micro-computed tomography ; ultrasound ; spectral induced polarization ; small force ; load ; instrumental signal ; two-point bending test ; strain gauge ; calibration equation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Advances in Sustainable Polymeric Materials" is a compilation of 22 articles highlighting the recent progress in the research and development of polymeric materials, with an emphasis on sustainability. Some papers focus on developing biodegradable plastics obtained from renewable sources such as starch and biomass waste. Other articles discuss modification techniques to improve the mechanical properties of biopolymers such as PLA and PHAs. The use of recycled polymeric materials in the construction industry is highlighted as a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution.Other studies include investigations on polymer-modified bitumen, a novel sound-absorbing material made from used palm-oil-based polyurethane foam and water hyacinth fibre composite, bio-based epoxy-lignin coatings, TiO2 nanocomposites, the photocatalytic activity of different polymeric composites, sustainable elastomers, interactions between vanillyl-alcohol-based epoxy and cross-linkers, polyvinyl chloride sorbent for rare earth elements, lignin-based thermoplastic, the chemical foaming process of polylactic acid, microencapsulation strategies for essential oils, electrochemical sensors for glucose determination, and an intelligent drug delivery system based on pH-sensitive polymeric formulations.It is important to recognize that the field of sustainable polymeric materials is vast and rapidly evolving, and while a single volume cannot entirely capture all the developments occurring in this field, this collection provides readers with a valuable introduction and overview of the topic.
    Keywords: myrcene ; sodium hydride ; anionic polymerization ; cellulose carbamate ; NaOH/ZnO aqueous solution ; freezing–thawing method ; dissolution interaction ; bioplastic ; bio-based plastic ; biodegradable plastic ; bioeconomy ; life cycle assessment ; sustainability ; polymer nanocomposites ; TiO2 nanoparticle ; organic–inorganic interfaces ; surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles ; 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid ; thermal properties ; barrier properties ; mechanical properties ; 2D-ordered structure ; structure-property relationship ; PGA ; PLA ; PCL ; blends ; valorization ; water hyacinths ; sugarcane bagasse ; rice straw ; biodegradation ; bio–based epoxy resin ; vanillyl alcohol ; aliphatic amines ; curing system ; thermomechanical properties ; recycled plastics ; plastomers ; asphalt ; bitumen ; recycling ; epoxidized linseed oil ; lignin ; composites ; anti-corrosion coating ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) ; review ; properties ; plasticizers ; polymer blends ; fillers ; degradation ; 3D printing ; ultrasound ; sago pith waste ; sago starch ; extraction yield ; starch-based bioplastic ; used palm oil ; water hyacinth fiber ; sound-absorbing material ; polyurethane foam ; nanofiller ; bioplastic fabrication ; plasticizer ; mechanism ; rare earth ions ; cetylpyridinium bromide ; polyvinylchloride ; sorption ; desorption ; essential oils ; extraction techniques ; microencapsulation ; controlled release ; microcapsules ; pharmacology ; fly ash ; end of life tire rubber ; rubber-PET-HDPE-wood composites ; wood waste ; electrochemical sensor ; glucose sensor ; PANI-MnBaO2 ; conducting polymer composite ; cyclic voltammetry ; linear sweep voltammetry ; advanced oxidation ; dyes ; organic pollutants ; pharmaceutical compounds ; photocatalysts ; 5-amino salicylic acid ; smart delivery system ; sustainable polymers ; triggered drug delivery ; ulcerative colitis ; flax yarn ; bio-based thermoplastics ; bio-based matrix material ; yarn coating ; extrusion ; natural fibre ; composite ; solid-state shear pulverization ; cryogenic milling ; polylactic acid ; foams ; processing ; semicrystalline polymers ; compression molding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue “Elastomers: From Theory to Applications” focuses on the current state of the art of elastomers, both in modern developments of rubber-like compositions and applications and from a theoretical perspective. The series of 13 publications offer the latest results in several specific sub-areas of elastomer research or review selected fields and concepts. Of particular interest are new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers, leading to the enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials for several applications, and/or to a better understanding of the structure‒property relationships and practical behaviour.
    Keywords: polymer nanocomposites ; filled rubber ; particle network ; filler flocculation ; fictive strain ; structural relaxation ; Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model ; jamming ; cationic polymerization ; 4-vinylbenzocyclobutene ; random copolymer ; crosslink ; soft material ; stimuli-responsive gel ; magnetic elastomer ; percolation ; SANS ; SAXS ; silica ; zinc oxide ; partial structure factors ; small angle scattering ; natural rubber ; natural latex ; viscosity stabilizer ; hydroxylamine sulfate ; storage hardening ; elastomers ; polymer networks ; elastic modulus ; loops ; heterogeneities ; fatigue life ; hysteresis loss ; temperature increase ; S–N curve ; high surface area graphite ; functionalization ; serinol pyrrole ; ultimate properties ; fracture resistance ; filled elastomers ; stress softening ; filler-induced hysteresis ; cluster mechanics ; FEM simulation ; crosslinking ; TiO2 ; nanomaterials ; stimuli-responsive materials ; smart materials ; polychloroprene ; ageing ; mechanical properties ; rubber elasticity theory ; silicon rubber (PDMS) ; dynamic thermomechanical analyses ; storage modulus ; mechanical loss factor ; viscoelastic gripper ; rubber foam ; filler ; charcoal ; compression set ; recovery ; thermodynamics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles from leaders in the field of 3D/4D printing. It focuses on 3D/4D printing materials with novel and/or advanced functionalities, novel applications of 3DP material, and material synthesis and characterization techniques.
    Keywords: 3D printing ; additive manufacturing ; dental forceps ; CFR (continuous fiber reinforcement) ; fatigue test ; mechanical testing ; composite ; carbon ; scanning electron microscopy ; polyphenylsulfone ; PPSF ; fire-resistant ; aircraft interior ; selective laser sintering ; direct writing ; PVC gel ; artificial muscle ; rheological behavior ; integrated printing ; 4D printing ; fused deposition modelling ; stereolithography ; polymers ; FEM ; FDM ; microstructure behavior ; linear analysis ; RVE ; polyimide ; aerogels ; chemical smoothing ; vapor smoothing ; PVB ; carbon fiber mold ; polylactic acid ; sound reflection ; excitation frequency ; porosity ; 3D printing technique ; thickness ; air gap ; FluidFM ; microstructures ; nanostructures ; biofunctionalization ; mechanical properties ; scanning probe lithography ; copper complex ; photocomposite ; LED ; laser write ; free radical photopolymerization ; bio-inspired spider silks ; adjustable mechanical properties ; shape morphing ; stimulus response ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Welcome to the Reprint of "Innovations in Durability of Sustainable Concrete Materials", a collection presenting cutting-edge research on sustainable and durable concrete. Discover ten insightful manuscripts exploring the various aspects of sustainable concrete technology, from novel materials to advanced modeling methods. This compilation showcases the transformative journey of the concrete industry towards a sustainable future. Join us in this paradigm-shifting exploration at the intersection of durability and sustainability.
    Keywords: engineered cementitious composites ; limestone powder ; fly ash ; mercury intrusion porosimetry ; chloride ions ; freeze–thaw ; dynamic modulus of elasticity ; railway concrete sleepers ; fatigue ; S–N curve ; finite element method (FEM) ; geometric damage ; abrasion ; remaining service life ; plastic viscosity ; self-compacting concrete ; yield stress ; V-funnel flow ; slump flow ; L-Box ; XGBoost ; LightGBM ; CatBoost ; SHAP ; water hyacinth ash ; concrete ; fresh properties ; compressive properties ; microstructure properties ; durability ; sugar cane bagasse ash ; cement mortar ; curing temperature ; life cycle assessment ; environmental footprint ; ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete ; sustainability ; carbonation resistance ; creep and shrinkage ; carbonation treatment ; parent concrete with FA ; recycled aggregate concrete ; mechanical properties ; MIP ; carbonation ; sorptivity ; chloride ; external sulfate attack ; alkali-activated materials ; self-consolidating concrete ; chemical attacks ; granulated blast-furnace slag ; compressive strength ; impact resistance ; infiltration rate ; physical properties ; pore characterization ; cotton fibre ; waste management ; natural fibre ; cement composites ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book covers a broad range of subjects, from smart nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposite synthesis and the study of their fundamental properties to the fabrication and characterization of devices and emerging technologies with smart nanoparticles and polymer integration.
    Keywords: self-assembly ; low-molecular-weight hydrogelator ; phase-transition ; molecular-dynamics ; lactobacilli ; vaginal probiotics ; fluorescent proteins ; electrospinning ; nanofibers ; probiotic analysis ; probiotic delivery ; CaCO3-coated vesicle ; DDS carrier ; peptide lipid ; mineralization ; drug release ; under weakly acidic condition ; polymeric nanocomposites ; sensing ; electromagnetic shielding ; water treatment ; food packaging ; sublingual delivery ; biopharmaceuticals ; peptide drug delivery ; mucoadhesion ; ex vivo flow retention model ; PLGA ; composites ; inorganic nanoparticles ; scaffolds ; biomedical applications ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; magnetic nanoparticles ; reduced graphene oxide ; nanocomposites ; spinel ferrite ; bioactive supramolecular polymer ; conductive graphene nanosheet ; cell culture ; hydrogen bonding ; indirect electrical stimulation ; actinides ; decontamination ; DTPA ; chelating polymers ; PEI-MP ; magnetic microspheres ; surface embedding ; magnetic separation ; protein adsorption ; insulators ; interface structure ; electrochemistry ; mechanical properties ; ionic electroactivepolymers ; acuators ; artificial muscle ; capacitance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Reprint explores the possibilities of blending nanoparticles and polymers? You are encouraged to dive into the polymer composites world and analyze the intricacies of nanomaterials and their influence on polymers. This Reprint uncovers the synergy between nanomaterials and polymers and their application in the field of engineering. The peer-reviewed articles in this Reprint present insights into the analysis of new advancements in nanocomposites, synthesizing techniques, interfacial interactions, and mechanical and thermal characterization.
    Keywords: flammability ; polyurethane polymer ; foams ; thermal conductivity ; mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) ; multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ; nano-silica (NS) ; nano-iron oxide (NFe) ; mechanical characterizations ; PBAT ; P(MMA-co-MA) copolymer ; SiO2 nanoparticles ; PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)–SiO2 composites ; mechanical strength ; antimicrobial activity ; food packaging ; PA66 ; polyphosphazene ; microsphere ; thermal stability ; flame retardant ; hybrid composites ; aligned nanomats ; functionalized SWCNTs ; electrospinning ; interlaminar region ; polymer concrete ; short fibers ; fracture properties ; thermal resistance ; porosity ; cargo containment system (CCS) ; mechanical characteristics ; structure support ; polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-type foam ; polyurethane foam (PUF) ; cryogenic ; carbon fiber ; polyimide ; sizing agent ; interfacial adhesion ; thermo-mechanical properties ; molecular dynamics simulations ; PA6/Al2O3 composite ; functional material ; microstructure ; mechanical property ; particle-reinforced composites ; split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) ; impact behaviour ; crystallinity ; fracture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue collected original contributions, both research papers and reviews, showing recent results and/or positive advances in the behavior of new sustainable bio-materials under applied mechanical stress, both in static and dynamic mode, and evaluating the characteristics of resistance, moduli and/or viscoelasticity, in view of potential applications, such as tissue engineering, medical devices, surgical or dental implants, manufacturing of human parts, agriculture, packaging, textiles, electronics, automotive and aerospace, green buildings, and architecture and construction.
    Keywords: biodegradable polymers ; mechanical properties ; rheology ; processing ; moisture content ; characterisation ; particleboard ; natural fiber composites ; Rhizophora spp. ; biodegradable ; thermomechanical properties ; thermal properties ; dicumyl peroxide ; Joncryl ; wood-polymer composites (WPC) ; recycled thermoplastics ; torque measurements ; rheological properties ; dynamic mechanical analyses ; hot-pressing ; paper web ; fibre ; lignin ; diffusion ; activation energy ; wood flour ; wood pellets ; wood–plastic composites ; transportation costs ; physical properties ; interfacial bond strength ; wood-polymer composites ; wood-polymer interface ; XPS ; PLA/starch ; compatibilizer ; vegetable oil-based additive ; masterbatch ; epoxidized natural rubber ; halloysite nanotubes ; urea ; tensile properties ; wide-angle X-ray scattering ; jute fabrics ; 3D printing ; eco-friendly composites ; gellan gum ; virgin coconut oil ; hydrogels ; biomaterials ; wound dressing ; polylactic acid ; chitosan ; organosolv lignin ; modifying agent ; biocomposites ; nanocomposites ; durability ; biodegradation ; environmental ageing ; creep ; modelling ; crazing ; polyaniline ; fruit waste ; vegetable waste ; waste valorization ; bioactive compound ; active packaging ; by-product ; extraction ; thermal processing ; non-thermal processing ; sugar palm fiber ; poly(lactic acid) ; alkaline treatment ; benzoyl chloride treatment ; hybrid composites ; biodegradable thermoplastic ; coating ; Amdry 6420 ; Metco 143 ; Metco 136F ; hardness ; adhesion ; structure ; Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre ; natural fibres ; composite ; biodegradable plastics ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; polymer composites ; compounding ; injection molding ; MOR ; MOE ; IB ; panel ; nanocomposite ; acrylic denture teeth ; nano ZrO2 particles ; wear behavior ; microstructure ; microhardness ; polymerization ; polymethyl methacrylate resin ; textiles ; sustainability ; biopolymers ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; drying effects ; coating layers ; fiber-based material ; hydrothermal-mechanical pretreatment ; agricultural wastes ; energy efficiency ; waste generation ; single fiber test ; Weibull distribution ; gauge length ; environmental degradation ; UV aging ; moisture ; tissue engineered vascular grafts ; biomechanical stimulation ; rice bran ; ultrasound cavitation ; resistant starch microstructure ; crystallinity ; hydration properties ; mechanical performance ; physical treatment ; chemical treatment ; biological treatment ; κ-carrageenan–gelatin hydrogel ; supramolecular structure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the forming technologies and mechanical properties of advanced materials. Plastic working is the most efficient and an important manufacturing technology in today's industry. Plastic working technologies enable giving the material the appropriate functional properties, which depend on the rheological conditions of the plastic forming process and on the thermoplastic treatments carried out during the forming process. Metal processing is one of the most important sectors of the economy. In addition to the continuous improvement in the existing methods of plastic working, new technologies are also implemented, the purpose of which is to reduce the energy consumption of processing and the modernization of technological machines and tools. The subjects of research articles published in this reprint are multidisciplinary, including friction and lubrication in sheet metal forming, the single-point incremental forming of polymeric and lightweight metallic sheets, the optimization of shear spinning parameters and the cutting performance of cutting tools, the numerical and experimental analysis of titanium sheet forming, the mechanical and structural properties of titanium alloy subjected to impact-oscillatory loading, macro- and microdeformation characteristics of Ti-2.5Al-1.5Mn foil, and the optimisation of the thermomechanical process of nickel-based oxide-dispersion-strengthened superalloys.
    Keywords: superalloy ; design of experiments ; 3D scanning ; statistical optimisation ; cutting performance ; matching combination ; dynamic change process of performance indicator ; dynamic evaluation method ; comprehensive evaluation ; friction ; incremental sheet forming ; lubrication ; microstructure ; sheet metal forming ; single-point incremental forming ; SPIF ; single point incremental forming ; sheet forming ; hardness ; ANN ; relative importance (RI) ; foil forming ; size effect ; digital image correlation ; concentrated deformation ; critical t/d value ; sheet titanium forming ; Grade 2 titanium ; environmentally benign lubricant ; numerical analysis ; medical instruments ; nickel-based ODS superalloys ; consolidation ; strengthening ; coefficient of friction ; deep drawing ; steel sheet ; titanium alloy ; dynamic non-equilibrium process ; mechanical properties ; fracture ; polymer incremental forming ; polyamide ; polyethylene ; statistical analysis ; force minimizing ; severe plastic deformation ; equal channel angular pressing ; biodegradable Mg-Zn-Zr alloy ; ultrafine-grained structure ; corrosion behavior ; Response Surface Methodology ; genetic algorithm ; optimization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
    Language: English
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