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  • environmental sciences  (25)
  • atmospheric sciences  (23)
  • Rijeka : InTech  (48)
  • English  (48)
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  • English  (48)
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  • 1
    Keywords: global change ; environmental change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the years, environmental change has sharpened significant dynamic evolution and knowledge in organizational structures of organisms, from cellular/molecular to macro-organism level including our society. Changes in social and ecological systems due to environmental change will hopefully result in a shift towards sustainability, with legislative and government entities responding to diverse policy and management issues concerning the building, management and restoration of social-ecological systems on a regional and global scale. Solutions are particularly needed at the regional level, where physical features of the landscape, biological systems and human institutions interact. The purpose of this book is to disseminate both theoretical and applied studies on interactions between human and natural systems from multidisciplinary research perspectives on global environmental change. It combines interdisciplinary approaches, long-term research and a practical solution to the increasing intensity of problems related to environmental change, and is intended for a broad target audience ranging from students to specialists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077093
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a general introduction to the popular topic of climate variability. It explores various aspects of climate variability and change from different perspectives, ranging from the basic nature of low-frequency atmospheric variability to the adaptation to climate variability and change. This easy and accessible book can be used by professionals and non professionals alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076997
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: We now find ourselves utilizing luciferase - luciferin proteins, ATP, genes and the whole complex of these interactions to observe and follow the progress or inhibition of tumors in animal models by measuring bioluminescence intensity, spatially and temporally using highly sophisticated camera systems. This book describes applications in preclinical oncology research by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with a variety of applications. Chapters describe current methodologies for rapid detection of contaminants using the Milliflex system, and the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology for monitoring physical interactions between proteins in living cells. Others are using bioluminescent proteins for high sensitive optical reporters imaging in living animals, developing pH-tolerant luciferase for brighter in vivo imaging, and oscillation characteristics in bacterial bioluminescence. The book also contains descriptions of the long-term seasonal characteristics of oceanic bioluminescence and the responsible planktonic species producing bioluminescence. Such studies are few and rare.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079400
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate Models offers a sampling of cutting edge research contributed by an international roster of scientists. The studies strive to improve our understanding of the physical environment for life on this planet. Each of the 14 essays presents a description of recent advances in methodologies for computer-based simulation of environmental variability. Subjects range from planetary-scale phenomena to regional ecology, from impacts of air pollution to the factors influencing floods and heat waves. The discerning reader will be rewarded with new insights concerning modern techniques for the investigation of the natural world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101352
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The links between air pollutants and health impacts are many and complex. The environmental health community is being challenged to take stronger mitigation to respect population health and is taking opportunities to further their implication. Recognizing, observing, and analyzing exposures are a promising way forward, but also raise a myriad of new challenges and questions, including what such approaches are, when and how they can put into practice, and what their implications are for protecting human health. This book gives an overview of key issues in air pollution. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in a variety of context, such as: evolution of air pollutant, urban structure effects, exposure in agriculture, surface ozone monitoring, the respiratory diseases impacts, appropriate technology, and response management to the air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107057
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book contains 15 chapters reporting air pollution of interest to experts in academia and industrial plants dealing with the environmental issues. These chapters emphasize the problems of air pollution involving the human sector as an essential part in the control of air pollutants. The book contains an analysis of various geographic regions and evaluation of different activities related to these areas. Descriptive analyzes present the generation of air pollution and its effect on society and materials evaluations. The major sources of emission of pollutants and the damage that they originate in the towns and industrial plants are reported. This volume provides methods and tools for assessment according to each location. Other important aspects are the activities of governmental authorities, the academic and sectors for solving the environment problem.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106746
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: landscape planning ; landscape design ; landscape architecture ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106548
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: landscape ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (924 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111672
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: climate change ; climatology ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Climatology, the study of climate, is no longer regarded as a single discipline that treats climate as something that fluctuates only within the unchanging boundaries described by historical statistics. The field has recognized that climate is something that changes continually under the influence of physical and biological forces and so, cannot be understood in isolation but rather, is one that includes diverse scientific disciplines that play their role in understanding a highly complex coupled "whole system" that is the earth's climate. The modern era of climatology is echoed in this book. On the one hand it offers a broad synoptic perspective but also considers the regional standpoint, as it is this that affects what people need from climatology. Aspects on the topic of climate change - what is often considered a contradiction in terms - is also addressed. It is all too evident these days that what recent work in climatology has revealed carries profound implications for economic and social policy; it is with these in mind that the final chapters consider acumens as to the application of what has been learned to date.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (398 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100959
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: How inappropriate to call this planet Earth when it is quite clearly Ocean (Arthur C. Clarke). Life has been originated in the oceans, human health and activities depend from the oceans and the world life is modulated by marine and oceanic processes. From the micro-scale, like coastal processes, to macro-scale, the oceans, the seas and the marine life, play the main role to maintain the earth equilibrium, both from a physical and a chemical point of view. Since ancient times, the world's oceans discovery has brought to humanity development and wealth of knowledge, the metaphors of Ulysses and Jason, represent the cultural growth gained through the explorations and discoveries. The modern oceanographic research represents one of the last frontier of the knowledge of our planet, it depends on the oceans exploration and so it is strictly connected to the development of new technologies. Furthermore, other scientific and social disciplines can provide many fundamental inputs to complete the description of the entire ocean ecosystem. Such multidisciplinary approach will lead us to understand the better way to preserve our "Blue Planet": the Earth.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103011
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: global change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Environments around the globe are undergoing human-induced change. Human population growth, rapid urbanization, expanding global economy, and the diffusion of western consumer lifestyles are placing increasing pressure on natural and social systems. Global institutions, nation-states, and local communities are seeking to identify and employ sustainable solutions to these environmental and socio-economic challenges. Sustainability has emerged as a policy discourse that seeks to balance the desire and need for economic growth with the protection of the environment, and the promotion of social and environmental justice. This book contributes to the study and search for sustainable responses to global environmental change. The authors of this volume explore environmental change in different places around the world and the diverse responses to such changes. The chapters demonstrate the need for place-specific sustainable development; the authors suggest the need to see sustainable responses to environmental change as a negotiated outcome between various social actors living and working in diverse spatial, environmental and socio-economic contexts. Environmental Change and Sustainability is a timely international examination of the relationship between environmental change and sustainability. As an InTech open source volume, current and cutting edge research methodologies and research results are quickly published for the academic policy-making communities. Dimensions of environmental change and sustainability explored in this volume include: Natural science approaches to study of environmental change Importance of perception in human understanding of environmental change Role of external events and institutions in shaping sustainable responses to environmental change Importance of bottom-up sustainable development as key to reducing environmental risk and community vulnerability The need for place-based sustainable development that combines local conditions with global processes Creation of a sustainable development model that synthesizes local, traditional knowledge of the environment and environmental management with the techniques and understandings generated by modern environmental science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (301 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110941
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: The World Commission on Environment and Development defines sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Sustainability implies efforts directed towards preserving the environment, doing more with less (cost savings, profit increasing), reducing dependence on foreign resources including oil, using alternate forms of energy, etc. Researchers are currently working to meet the challenge (e.g., through creating a conducive environment and allocating resources for sustainability-focused curriculum renovations, equipping faculty with the necessary expertise, embedding graduates with requisite skill-sets, and a research base that feeds into classroom teaching, etc.) posed by the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainability. In order to address the sustainability deficit in education and research, InTech has invited submissions of manuscripts for publication in its focused issue on sustainability. All chapters are high-quality, high-impact manuscripts addressing integration of sustainability efforts with clear lessons and insights for the stake holders (faculty, students, administrators, communities, and industries).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (588 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106821
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; waste
    Description / Table of Contents: Solid waste management generates big challenges for society due to its large variability in production and composition, and because of its sanitary and environmental impacts. To contribute in facing this situation, this book includes a worldwide overview of experiences and conceptual and technical developments attained through research and development projects. In addition to minimizing generation, considered as the most desirable practice, it includes alternatives of valuation for potentially recoverable waste and strategies to reduce final conditioning and disposition risks. The book includes contextual technical, economical, political and social aspects aimed at proposing integral solutions for the solid waste management.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107958
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Keywords: hydrology ; pollution ; climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Irrigated agriculture is the most significant user of fresh water in the world and, due to the large area occupied, is one of the major pollution sources for the water resources. This book comprises 12 chapters that cover different issues and problematics of irrigated agriculture: from water use in different irrigated systems to pollution generated by irrigated agriculture. Moreover, the book also includes chapters that deal with new possibilities of improving irrigation techniques through the reuse of drainage water and wastewater, helping to reduce freshwater extractions. A wide range of issues is herein presented, related to the evaluation of irrigated agriculture impacts and management practices to reduce these impacts on the environment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104216
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Driven by the increasing necessity to define the biological diversity frame of widespread, endemic and threatened species, as well as by the stimulating chance to describe new species, the study of the evolutive and spatial dynamics is in constant execution. Systematic overviews, biogeographic and phylogenic backgrounds, species composition and distribution in restricted areas are focal topics of the 15 interesting independent chapters collected in this book, chosen to offer to the reader an overall view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077727
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: As everybody knows, the dynamic interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the anthropic ones, considerably affect global climate changes and consequently biology, ecology and distribution of life forms of our planet. These important natural events affect all ecosystems, causing important changes on biodiversity. Systematic and phylogenetic studies, biogeographic distribution analysis and evaluations of diversity richness are focal topics of this book written by international experts, some even considering economical effects and future perspectives on the managing and conservation plans.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077963
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: bathymetry ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Bathymetry is the only way to explore, measure and manage the large portion of the Earth covered with water. This book ,presents some of the latest developments in bathymetry, using acoustic, electromagnetic and radar sensors, and in its applications, from gas seeps, pockmarks and cold-water coral reefs on the seabed to large water reservoirs and palynology. The book consists of contributions from internationally-known scientists from India, Australia, Malaysia, Norway, Mexico, USA, Germany, and Brazil, and shows applications around the world and in a wide variety of settings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079592
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The objective of this multi-disciplinary book is to provide a collection of expert writing on different aspects of pre- and post- tsunami developments and management techniques. It is intended to be distributed within the scientific community and among the decision makers for tsunami risk reduction. The presented chapters have been thoroughly reviewed and accepted for publication. It presents advanced methods for tsunami measurement using Ocean-bottom pressure sensor, kinematic GPS buoy, satellite altimetry, Paleotsunami, Ionospheric sounding, early warning system, and scenario based numerical modeling. It continues to present case studies from the Northern Caribbean, Makran region and Tamil Nadu coast in India. Furthermore, classifying tsunamis into local, regional and global, their possible impact on the region and its immediate vicinity is highlighted. It also includes the effects of tsunami hazard on the coastal environment and infrastructure (structures, lifelines, water resources, bridges, dykes, etc.); and finally the need for emergency medical response preparedness and the prevention of psychological consequences of the affected survivors has been discussed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074313
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Submarine earthquakes, submarine slides and impacts may set large water volumes in motion characterized by very long wavelengths and a very high speed of lateral displacement, when reaching shallower water the wave breaks in over land – often with disastrous effects. This natural phenomenon is known as a tsunami event. By December 26, 2004, an event in the Indian Ocean, this word suddenly became known to the public. The effects were indeed disastrous and 227,898 people were killed. Tsunami events are a natural part of the Earth’s geophysical system. There have been numerous events in the past and they will continue to be a threat to humanity; even more so today, when the coastal zone is occupied by so much more human activity and many more people. Therefore, tsunamis pose a very serious threat to humanity. The only way for us to face this threat is by increased knowledge so that we can meet future events by efficient warning systems and aid organizations. This book offers extensive and new information on tsunamis; their origin, history, effects, monitoring, hazards assessment and proposed handling with respect to precaution. Only through knowledge do we know how to behave in a wise manner. This book should be a well of tsunami knowledge for a long time, we hope.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (714 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075525
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Keywords: environmental change ; global change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental change is increasingly considered a critical topic for researchers across multiple disciplines, as well as policy makers throughout the world. Mounting evidence shows that environments in every part of the globe are undergoing tremendous human-induced change. Population growth, urbanization and the expansion of the global economy are putting increasing pressure on ecosystems around the planet. To understand the causes and consequences of environmental change, the contributors to this book employ spatial and non-spatial data, diverse theoretical perspectives and cutting edge research tools such as GIS, remote sensing and other relevant technologies. International Perspectives on Global Environmental Change brings together research from around the world to explore the complexities of contemporary, and historical environmental change. As an InTech open source publication current and cutting edge research methodologies and research results are quickly published for the academic policy-making communities. Dimensions of environmental change explored in this volume include: Climate change Historical environmental change Biological responses to environmental change Land use and land cover change Policy and management for environmental change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (488 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078151
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; atmosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers comprehensive text and reference work on atmospheric models for methods of numerical modeling and important related areas of data assimilation and predictability. It incorporates various aspects of environmental computer modeling including an historical overview of the subject, approximations to land surface and atmospheric physics and dynamics, radiative transfer and applications in satellite remote sensing, and data assimilation. With individual chapters authored by eminent professionals in their respective topics, Advanced Topics in application of atmospheric models try to provide in-depth guidance on some of the key applied in atmospheric models for scientists and modelers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104889
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earth and planetary sciences ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The studies of Earth's history and of the physical and chemical properties of the substances that make up our planet, are of great significance to our understanding both of its past and its future. The geological and other environmental processes on Earth and the composition of the planet are of vital importance in locating and harnessing its resources. This book is primarily written for research scholars, geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, and environmentalists. Hopefully the text will be used by students, and it will continue to be of value to them throughout their subsequent professional and research careers. This does not mean to infer that the book was written solely or mainly with the student in mind. Indeed from the point of view of the researcher in Earth and Environmental Science it could be argued that this text contains more detail than he will require in his initial studies or research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (648 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078618
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; aerosols
    Description / Table of Contents: The book is divided into two sections. The first section presents characterization of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate from East Asia to the Pacific. Ground-based, air-born, and satellite data were collected and analyzed. Detailed information about measurement techniques and atmospheric conditions were provided as well. In the second section, authors provide detailed information about the organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. They discuss the chemical and physical processes, temporal and spatial distribution, emissions, formation, and transportation of aerosol particles. In addition, new measurement techniques are introduced. This book hopes to serve as a useful resource to resolve some of the issues associated with the complex nature of the interaction between atmospheric aerosols and climatology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107286
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: environmental pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic pollutants cause several environmental problems if discharged to air or water body. The occurrence of organic pollutants in the ecosystem, their risk and removal methods are very important issues .This book deals with several aspects of organic pollutants, especially in the light of organic pollutants monitoring, risk assessment as well as the practical application of different techniques for removing it from the environment. The book is divided into three sections contains 9 chapters. The first section explains monitoring of organic pollutants in soil and water. The second section discusse its risk to human, soil and plants. The third section focuse on the different treatment process for the removal of organic pollutants.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109488
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: climate change ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: As societies transition to evidence-based adaptation and management there is increasing recognition of the need for understanding climate change and variability dynamics and impacts at regional levels and for various activities. This book is a contribution toward that goal. Readers interested in climate change management will find detailed discussions of climatic variability dynamics in selected regions as well as new innovative ways of monitoring climate change, assessing climate risks, and predicting impacts. Those interested in refreshing the fundamentals of climate change and climate variability will find a very accessible review of the status of knowledge on the subject, including a balanced interrogation of available evidence. In an attempt to keep the book accessible, every effort was made to minimize technical jargon without compromising scientific accuracy. The result should be useful to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (203 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111870
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: Securing the future of the human race will require an improved understanding of the environment as well as of technological solutions, mindsets and behaviors in line with modes of development that the ecosphere of our planet can support. Some experts see the only solution in a global deflation of the currently unsustainable exploitation of resources. However, sustainable development offers an approach that would be practical to fuse with the managerial strategies and assessment tools for policy and decision makers at the regional planning level. Environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists will have to work together in order to ensure that planning and development can meet our society's present needs without compromising the security of future generations. Better planning methods for urban and rural expansion could prevent environmental destruction and imminent crises. Energy, transport, water, environment and food production systems should aim for self-sufficiency and not the rapid depletion of natural resources. Planning for sustainable development must overcome many complex technical and social issues.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (354 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101161
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: atmospheric sciences ; cosmology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents some aspects of the cosmological scientific odyssey that started last century. The chapters vary with different particular works, giving a versatile picture. It is the result of the work of many scientists in the field of cosmology, in accordance with their expertise and particular interests. Is a collection of different research papers produced by important scientists in the field of cosmology. A sample of the great deal of efforts made by the scientific community, trying to understand our universe. And it has many challenging subjects, like the possible doomsday to be confirmed by the next decade of experimentation. May be we are now half way in the life of the universe. Many more challenging subjects are not present here: they will be the result of further future work. Among them, we have the possibility of cyclic universes, and the evidence for the existence of a previous universe.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076263
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; emission
    Description / Table of Contents: The atmosphere may be our most precious resource. Accordingly, the balance between its use and protection is a high priority for our civilization. While many of us would consider air pollution to be an issue that the modern world has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to have considerable influence on the global environment. In many countries with ambitious economic growth targets the acceptable levels of air pollution have been transgressed. Serious respiratory disease related problems have been identified with both indoor and outdoor pollution throughout the world. The 25 chapters of this book deal with several air pollution issues grouped into the following sections: a) air pollution chemistry; b) air pollutant emission control; c) radioactive pollution and d) indoor air quality.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (680 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073163
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality
    Description / Table of Contents: Human beings need to breathe oxygen diluted in certain quantity of inert gas for living. In the atmosphere, there is a gas mixture of, mainly, oxygen and nitrogen, in appropriate proportions. However, the air also contains other gases, vapours and aerosols that humans incorporate when breathing and whose composition and concentration vary spatially. Some of these are physiologically inert. Air pollution has become a problem of major concern in the last few decades as it has caused negative effects on human health, nature and properties. This book presents the results of research studies carried out by international researchers in seventeen chapters which can be grouped into two main sections: a) air quality monitoring and b) air quality assessment and management, and serves as a source of material for all those involved in the field, whether as a student, scientific researcher, industrialist, consultant, or government agency with responsibility in this area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073170
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution has been a major transboundary problem and a matter of global concern for decades. High concentrations of different air pollutants are particularly harmful to large cities residents, where numerous anthropogenic activities strongly influence the quality of air. Although there are many books on the subject, the one in front of you will hopefully fulfill some of the gaps in the area of air quality monitoring and modeling, and be of help to graduate students, professionals and researchers. The book is divided in five sections, dealing with mathematical models and computing techniques used in air pollution monitoring and forecasting; air pollution models and application; measuring methodologies in air pollution monitoring and control; experimental data on urban air pollution in China, Egypt, Northeastern U.S, Brazil and Romania; and finally, the health effects due to exposure to benzene, and on the influence of air pollutants on the acute respiratory diseases in children in Mexico.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073071
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; hurricane research ; meteorology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book represents recent research on tropical cyclones and their impact, and a wide range of topics are covered. An updated global climatology is presented, including the global occurrence of tropical cyclones and the terrestrial factors that may contribute to the variability and long-term trends in their occurrence. Research also examines long term trends in tropical cyclone occurrences and intensity as related to solar activity, while other research discusses the impact climate change may have on these storms. The dynamics and structure of tropical cyclones are studied, with traditional diagnostics employed to examine these as well as more modern approaches in examining their thermodynamics. The book aptly demonstrates how new research into short-range forecasting of tropical cyclone tracks and intensities using satellite information has led to significant improvements. In looking at societal and ecological risks, and damage assessment, authors investigate the use of technology for anticipating, and later evaluating, the amount of damage that is done to human society, watersheds, and forests by land-falling storms. The economic and ecological vulnerability of coastal regions are also studied and are supported by case studies which examine the potential hazards related to the evacuation of populated areas, including medical facilities. These studies provide decision makers with a potential basis for developing improved evacuation techniques.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (616 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533072388
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Although the climate of the Earth is continually changing from the very beginning, anthropogenic effects, the pollution of the air by combustion and industrial activities make it change so quickly that the adaptation is very difficult for all living organisms. Researcher's role is to make this adaptation easier, to prepare humankind to the new circumstances and challenges, to trace and predict the effects and, if possible, even decrease the harmfulness of these changes. In this book we provide an interdisciplinary collection of new studies and findings on the score of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071435
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution is about five decades or so old field and continues to be a global concern. Therefore, the governments around the world are involved in managing air quality in their countries for the welfare of their citizens. The management of air pollution involves understanding air pollution sources, monitoring of contaminants, modeling air quality, performing laboratory experiments, the use of satellite images for quantifying air quality levels, indoor air pollution, and elimination of contaminants through control. Research activities are being performed on every aspect of air pollution throughout the world, in order to respond to public concerns. The book is grouped in five different sections. Some topics are more detailed than others. The readers should be aware that multi-authored books have difficulty maintaining consistency. A reader will find, however, that each chapter is intellectually stimulating. Our goal was to provide current information and present a reasonable analysis of air quality data compiled by knowledgeable professionals in the field of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071312
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; environmental engineering ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789537619602
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Keywords: atmospheric sciences ; air pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075280
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: earth sciences ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: We are increasingly faced with environmental problems and required to make important decisions. In many cases an understanding of one or more geologic processes is essential to finding the appropriate solution. Earth and Environmental Sciences are by their very nature a dynamic field in which new issues continue to arise and old ones often evolve. The principal aim of this book is to present the reader with a broad overview of Earth and Environmental Sciences. Hopefully, this recent research will provide the reader with a useful foundation for discussing and evaluating specific environmental issues, as well as for developing ideas for problem solving. The book has been divided into nine sections; Geology, Geochemistry, Seismology, Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Mineralogy, Soil, Remote Sensing and Environmental Sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (630 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074689
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Biological Diversity and Sustainable Resources Use is a very interesting volume, including attractive overviews and original case studies mainly focused on socio-economical effects of the right management of the ecosystems biodiversity, as well as on the useful integration between human activities and environmental responses. Ecological, medical and historical aspects of the sustainable development are also discussed in this book which consists of articles written by international experts, offering the reader a clear and extensive view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077062
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; hurricane research ; tropical cyclone
    Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a wealth of new information, ideas and analysis on some of the key unknowns in hurricane research. Topics covered include the numerical prediction systems for tropical cyclone development, the use of remote sensing methods for tropical cyclone development, a parametric surface wind model for tropical cyclones, a micrometeorological analysis of the wind as a hurricane passes over Houston, USA, the meteorological passage of numerous tropical cyclones as they pass over the South China Sea, simulation modelling of evacuations by motorised vehicles in Alabama, the influence of high stream-flow events on nutrient flows in the post hurricane period, a reviews of the medical needs, both physical and psychological of children in a post hurricane scenario and finally the impact of two hurricanes on Ireland. Hurricanes discussed in the various chapters include Katrina, Ike, Isidore, Humberto, Debbie and Charley and many others in the North Atlantic as well as numerous tropical cyclones in the South China Sea.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108672
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: biodiversity ; ecosystems ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Ecosystems can be considered as dynamic and interactive clusters made up of plants, animals and micro-organism communities. Inevitably, mankind is an integral part of each ecosystem and as such enjoys all its provided benefits. Driven by the increasing necessity to preserve the ecosystem productivity, several ecological studies have been conducted in the last few years, highlighting the current state in which our planet is, and focusing on future perspectives. This book contains comprehensive overviews and original studies focused on hazard analysis and evaluation of ecological variables affecting species diversity, richness and distribution, in order to identify the best management strategies to face and solve the conservation problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074177
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Every ecosystem is a complex organization of carefully mixed life forms; a dynamic and particularly sensible system. Consequently, their progressive decline may accelerate climate change and vice versa, influencing flora and fauna composition and distribution, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Climate changes effects are the principal topics of this volume. Written by internationally renowned contributors, Biodiversity loss in a changing planet offers attractive study cases focused on biodiversity evaluations and provisions in several different ecosystems, analysing the current life condition of many life forms, and covering very different biogeographic zones of the planet.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077079
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; soil sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Soil is an irreplaceable resource that sustains life on the planet, challenged by food and energy demands of an increasing population. Therefore, soil contamination constitutes a critical issue to be addressed if we are to secure the life quality of present and future generations. Integrated efforts from researchers and policy makers are required to develop sound risk assessment procedures, remediation strategies and sustainable soil management policies. Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination provides a wide depiction of current research in soil contamination and risk assessment, encompassing reviews and case studies on soil pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants. The book introduces several innovative approaches for soil remediation and risk assessment, including advances in phytoremediation and implementation of metabolomics in soil sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (918 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112358
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Keywords: climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The sustainability of irrigation and drainage in the face of many variants and constraints like availability of water as a resource, ecological balance, socio-cultural impacts, and climate change effects lies in the strategies adopted and systems emplaced. It has always remained a challenge for the users of irrigation waters to maintain sustainability in quality and quantity. This book aims ?to explore frontiers of knowledge in coining sustainable strategies and systems direly needed in managing the quality and quantity of water required for crop irrigation, surface and root zone drainage and flood management using available tools of research and development?. Eminent authors and their colleagues possessing varied professional backgrounds and expertise have dealt with these issues concerning the strategies and systems of irrigation and drainage. This book will prove to be beneficial for crop growers, agricultural engineers, water resource managers, academicians and graduate students alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535121237
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Keywords: sustainability ; sustainable development ; environmental sciences ; environmental management
    Description / Table of Contents: The technological advancement of our civilization has created a consumer society expanding faster than the planet's resources allow, with our resource and energy needs rising exponentially in the past century. Securing the future of the human race will require an improved understanding of the environment as well as of technological solutions, mindsets and behaviors in line with modes of development that the ecosphere of our planet can support. Some experts see the only solution in a global deflation of the currently unsustainable exploitation of resources. However, sustainable development offers an approach that would be practical to fuse with the managerial strategies and assessment tools for policy and decision makers at the regional planning level. Environmentalists, architects, engineers, policy makers and economists will have to work together in order to ensure that planning and development can meet our society's present needs without compromising the security of future generations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101659
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: urbanization ; sustainability ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The rapid urbanization that began with industrialization has begun to cause many problems. New approaches are emerging today to minimize these problems and make urban areas more livable. These problems include insufficient social facilities in urban areas for increasing populations due to migration and unbalanced use of green areas, water, and energy resources due to urbanization. Careless consumption and the pollution of natural resources will cause people many more problems in the future than they do today in urban development. Many professional disciplines have noticed this unbalanced development in urban areas. Urban areas have larger populations than rural areas today. Urban areas are developed neglectfully. Sustainability is needed as a criterion for urban areas to develop in a more livable and healthy fashion. Sustainable urban development approaches are seen in many fields, ranging from land use to the use of natural resources in urban areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535126539
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: climate change ; atmospheric sciences ; weather ; climate modeling ; climate modelling
    Description / Table of Contents: The topics of climate change, weather prediction, atmospheric sciences and other related fields are gaining increased attention due to the possible impacts of changes in climate and weather upon the planet. Concurrently, the increasing ability to computationally model the governing partial differential equations that describe these various topics of climate has gained a great deal of attention as well. In the current book, several aspects of these topics are examined to provide another stepping stone in recent advances in the fields of study and also focal points of endeavor in the evolving technology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535126614
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Leading air quality professionals describe different aspects of air pollution. The book presents information on four broad areas of interest in the air pollution field; the air pollution monitoring; air quality modeling; the GIS techniques to manage air quality; the new approaches to manage air quality. This book fulfills the need on the latest concepts of air pollution science and provides comprehensive information on all relevant components relating to air pollution issues in urban areas and industries. The book is suitable for a variety of scientists who wish to follow application of the theory in practice in air pollution. Known for its broad case studies, the book emphasizes an insightful of the connection between sources and control of air pollution, rather than being a simple manual on the subject.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (584 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075112
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; biodiversity
    Description / Table of Contents: The current world biodiversity consists of an inestimable amount of living forms, that at all levels, from genes to biomes, from individuals to populations, from species to communities, are in constant pursuit of the best strategies to react to the natural and anthropic environmental changes. The arrangement of new and dynamic ecosystems balanced by the formation and the vanishing of species, is the direct consequence of these changes. This book contains comprehensive overviews and original studies focused on ecological and ecosystem functioning studies, hazards and conservation management, assessment of environmental variables affecting species diversity, also considering species richness and distribution, in order to identify the best management strategies to face and solve the conservation problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535113157
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: environmental sciences ; storage ; fuels
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents an analysis of the results of studies of motor fuels ageing, conducted in laboratory and model conditions, in terms of building a system operating on-line, allowing continuous assessment of the operational usability of gasoline and diesel fuels, including those containing the addition of ethanol and FAME, respectively. This research was carried out in the framework of the project: "A system for the continuous control of the degree and rate of the liquid fuels ageing process during storage, which received co-funding from the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy". The book presents an evaluation of the impact of fuel production processes on its stability and an analysis of changes in normative parameters of fuels during their storage and use. The book presents also the results of tests on the corrosive effects of fuels during storage processes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535117346
    Language: English
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