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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: Driven primarily by variations in the earth's axis wobble, tilt, and orbit eccentricity, our planet experienced massive glacial/interglacial reorganizations of climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Pleistocene (2.58 million years ago (Ma)–11.7 thousand years ago (ka)). Even after decades of research, the underlying climate response mechanisms to these astronomical forcings have not been fully understood. To further quantify the sensitivity of the earth system to orbital-scale forcings, we conducted an unprecedented quasi-continuous coupled general climate model simulation with the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 (CESM1.2, ∼3.75∘ horizontal resolution), which covers the climatic history of the past 3 million years (3 Myr). In addition to the astronomical insolation changes, CESM1.2 is forced by estimates of CO2 and ice-sheet topography which were obtained from a simulation previously conducted with the CLIMBER-2 earth system model of intermediate complexity. Our 3 Ma simulation consists of 42 transient interglacial/glacial simulation chunks, which were partly run in parallel to save computing time. The chunks were subsequently merged, accounting for spin-up and overlap effects to yield a quasi-continuous trajectory. The computer model data were compared against a plethora of paleo-proxy data and large-scale climate reconstructions. For the period from the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT, ∼1 Ma) to the late Pleistocene we find good agreement between simulated and reconstructed temperatures in terms of phase and amplitude (−5.7 ∘C temperature difference between Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene). For the earlier part (3–1 Ma), differences in orbital-scale variability occur between model simulation and the reconstructions, indicating potential biases in the applied CO2 forcing. Our model-proxy data comparison also extends to the westerlies, which show unexpectedly large variance on precessional timescales, and hydroclimate variables in major monsoon regions. Eccentricity-modulated precessional variability is also responsible for the simulated changes in the amplitude and flavors of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We further identify two major modes of planetary energy transport, which played a crucial role in Pleistocene climate variability: the first obliquity and CO2-driven mode is linked to changes in the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient; the second mode regulates the interhemispheric heat imbalance in unison with the eccentricity-modulated precession cycle. During the MPT, a pronounced qualitative shift occurs in the second mode of planetary energy transport: the post-MPT eccentricity-paced variability synchronizes with the CO2 forced signal. This synchronized feature is coherent with changes in global atmospheric and ocean circulations, which might contribute to an intensification of glacial cycle feedbacks and amplitudes. Comparison of this paleo-simulation with greenhouse warming simulations reveals that for an RCP8.5 greenhouse gas emission scenario, the projected global mean surface temperature changes over the next 7 decades would be comparable to the late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial range; but the anthropogenic warming rate will exceed any previous ones by a factor of ∼100.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: Climate stabilization is crucial for restabilizing the Earth system but should not undermine biosphere integrity, a second pillar of Earth system functioning. This is of particular con- cern if it is to be achieved through biomass-based negative emission (NE) technologies that compete for land with food production and ecosystem protection. We assess the NE con- tribution of land- and calorie-neutral pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (LCN-PyCCS) facilitated by biochar-based fertilization, which sequesters carbon and reduces land demand by increasing crop yields. Applying the global biosphere model LPJmL with an enhanced representation of fast-growing species for PyCCS feedstock production, we calculated a land-neutral global NE potential of 0.20–1.10 GtCO2 year−1 assuming 74% of the biochar carbon remaining in the soil after 100 years (for + 10% yield increase; no potential for + 5%; 0.61–1.88 GtCO 2 year−1 for + 15%). The potential is primarily driven by the achiev- able yield increase and the management intensity of the biomass producing systems. NE production is estimated to be enhanced by + 200–270% if management intensity increases from a marginal to a moderate level. Furthermore, our results show sensitivity to process- specific biochar yields and carbon contents, producing a difference of + 40–75% between conservative assumptions and an optimized setting. Despite these challenges for making world-wide assumptions on LCN-PyCCS systems in modeling, our findings point to dis- crepancies between the large NE volumes calculated in demand-driven and economically optimized mitigation scenarios and the potentials from analyses focusing on supply-driven approaches that meet environmental and socioeconomic preconditions as delivered by LCN-PyCCS.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    [Dordrecht [u.a.]] : Springer
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVIII, 831 S. , Ill.
    Ausgabe: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9781402057182 , 1402057180
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: Carrying out laboratory experiments is usually a time-consuming process. In addition, the options for varying parameter studies are limited and adjustments to the design of the measuring equipment are often not possible at all. In order to circumvent these limitations, we supplement our laboratory experiments with virtual experiments as best as possible. For this purpose, we have expanded our finite element library FEMALY [1] to include the so-called complete electrode model [2], which allows us to simulate electrodes of any shape for DC and IP applications and also provides us with explicit mathematical expressions for calculating sensitivities [3]. As a first case study, we consider an IP measurement on a measuring cylinder with embedded ring electrodes to virtually reproduce the time-varying change of the apparent resistivity for laboratory tracer experiments (Figure 1). We present the real and imaginary part of the sensitivity distribution of the underlying measurement configuration that confirms our initial assumption that the actual electrode surface shape has a relatively small influence on the observed measurement quantities.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: The Atacama Desert along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera is a unique landscape to understand the Earth's evolution in hyper-arid and arid environments. The Paranal clay pan has studied by the CRC 1211 project to recover a continuous climate record for paleoclimate research. The goal is to provide the sedimentary architecture and bedrock topography of the Paranal site by interpreting multidimensional inversion of loop source transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. A total of 133 TEM soundings were carried out using a central loop configuration, with a transmitter loop size of 40×40 m2 and a receiver of about 10×10 m2. The TEM data was processed and analyzed, exhibiting high-quality data, with an average of noise level of about ηnoi = 3·10−10V/Am2. The 1D Occam inversion results exhibits a clear three-layered resistivitydepth structure with a second conductive layer of roughly 20 Ωm. The clay pan's resistivity distribution is well-resolved with a global misfit of around 1.1. However, the study site showed 2D effects that were stronlgy visible at the edges of the clay pan, leading to misinterpretations of the TEM data. This was confirmed based on 2D forward modelling. In this manner, to better deal with the observed 2D distortions in the TEM data and to derive a more accurate geometry of the clay pan, the recently developed Julia Package (3DTEMinv) for time-domain 3D inversion and modeling data was performed. The resulting 3D inversion presents a high convergence rate, and acceptable solutions are obtained after ten iterations with a good misfit of about 1.6. The 3D model exhibits a well-resolved geometry of the clay pan, with a high resolution of the derived conductive body. The drill core results confirm the 1D and 3D TEM models at the center of the clay pan, which is in good agreement with the resulting lithology with a maximum thickness of about 171 m depth and a weathered granodioritic bedrock below. These results agree with the local and regional geological context, improving the understanding of sediment deposition and transportation in this hilly and arid environment.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: The transition towards renewable energies demands secure supply with critical raw material and requires efficient non-invasive methods for deep earth resources exploration. The novel DESMEX (Deep electromagnetic sounding for mineral exploration) semi-airborne electromagnetic (semi-AEM) exploration concept aims at efficient exploration of resources down to 1 km depth. Here we present a large-scale semi-AEM exploration study in a graphite mining district in eastern Bavaria, Germany. At the ground, several horizontal electrical dipole transmitters were deployed and helicopter-towed magnetic field sensors measure the EM fields along flight lines within several overlapping flight areas, providing a fast data acquisition and a high spatial coverage. Imaged shallow high conductivity structures can be correlated with graphite-rich zones and match well with existing helicopter-borne EM results. The presence of graphite leads to significant induced polarization (IP) effects with considerably high chargeabilities superposing electromagnetic induction. We include these effects in a realistic 3D inversion using a synthetic data study to analyse, if the IP effect alters the overall conductivity structure and demonstrate that the obtained 3D model is reliable.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-05
    Beschreibung: Transient electromagnetic (TEM) data can be significantly distorted by induced polarization (IP) effect, leading to a sign reversal feature and, if overlooked, false geological interpretation. The aim of this paper is to incorporate IP effects in the forward modelling and recover the distorted TEM data using an efficient inversion algorithm. To achieve this aim, we developed a 1D forward solver to incorporate the IP effects using various IP parameterizations including Cole-Cole, maximum phase angle (MPA), maximum imaginary conductivity (MIC) (Fiandaca et al., 2018) and the Jeffrey transform of Cole-Cole parameters (Ghorbani et al., 2007). For 1D inversion of distorted TEM data we used Levenberg-Marquardt and very fast simulated annealing algorithms. The result of 1D forward calculation and inversion of synthetic IPdistorted TEM data revealed that, for incorporation the IP effects into the TEM data, the Cole- Cole parametrization is more robust and reliable than MPA, MIC, and Jeffrey transform. Moreover, the result of inversion using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is strongly depends on the starting model. We successfully implemented these algorithms for 1D inversion of synthetic IP-affected TEM data (Fig. 1 ). For synthetic data generation, a 3-layered half space model with the thickness of the first and second layers of 5 m was considered. The resistivities of the layers from top to bottom are 10, 5 and 300 Ωm, respectively. To include the IP effect, second layer considered to be chargeable with Cole-Cole parameters of m = 0.5, τ = 0.01 s and c = 0.5. TEM central-loop configuration with a loop size of 50*50 m2 and step-off current of 1 A with a zero ramp time was used for data simulation. We evaluated the performance of our algorithm using field data, successfully.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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