ALBERT

Note: CONTENTS: The Antarctic - Present and future / V. Zahariev. - The ice cover and the atmospheric CO2 / K. S. Losev. - 30 Years Research Activities of the German Democratic Republic in the Antarctic / D. Fritzsche. - The bulgarian antarctic society "Antarctica" - aims, activity and prospects in the future / S. Popov. - Features of the Antarctic climate / V. Zahariev, E. Koleva, R. Stoynova. - Features of the atmosphere circulation over the Antarctic continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev. - Ice covering of the Antarctuc continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev. - Temperature conditions in the Antarctic continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev . - Modeling the thermali convection of the Antarctic continent / S. Stoyanov, V. Zahariev. - Gamma locator for investigation of local sources of space photons with ultra high energies / I. Kirov, J. Stamenov, S. Ushev, V. Ianminchev. - Measurements of aerosols in the coastal sone of the Antarctic continent / N. Mihnevsky, K. Velchev. - Defining antropogenic in the show sample collected from the Antarctic continent / L. Adjarova, A. Antonov, N. Mihnevsky. - Ozone holes in the Antarctic / C. Gogosheva. - Measurements of the entire ozone content during the 17th Antarctic trip of the soviet research ship "Michail Somov" / N. Nihnevsky, P. Videnov. - Problems on the polar atmospere and magnetosphere / M. Gogoshev. - On some geomagnetic phenomena / P. Ivanova. - Spectroscopic measurements of small gas quantities in the atmosphere / S. Bogdanov, P. Videnov. - An investigation of electrical properties of the water-ice phase transition for purposes of remote sensing in Antarctic / St. Kolev. - Influence of the thermodinamic interaction in the atmosphere on the ice conditions of the world ocean surface / G. Korchev, A. Korcheva. - Participation of the Bulgarian group in the 33th soviet Antarctic expedition in season 1987/1988 / Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, N. Mihnevsky, A. Chakirov. - Reconnaissance investigation of the north part of Alexander I island / N. Mihnevsky, Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, A. Chakirov. - Finding a suitable place for the experimental buildings and mounting them on Livingston island / A. Chakirov, Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, N. Mihnevsky. - Energetic requirements, energy sources, water supply, transport machinery and building works for the Antarctic scientific stations / A. Chakirov. - Ice conditions and possibilities for navigation in the areas of the islands Alexander I and Livingston / S. Kaloyanov, Z. Vergilov, N. Mihnevsky, A. Chakirov. - Portable automatic meteorological station based on a aerological sonde / H. Brinsov. - Automatic data asquisition system with battery supply for operation in heavy weather conditions / S. Kaloyanov. - Automatic observations on the propagation of the short weves / S. Kaloyanov. - The possibility for utilizing of thermal pumps in polar conditions / S. Todorov, V. Stoyanov, G. Dineva, K. Grancharov. - Working fluids in the hidraulic systems operating in polar conditions / S. Todorov, K. Grancharov, G. Dineva. - Investigation of the operation processes of diesel engines operating electric generators in polar condition / V. H. Janakiev, I. E. Ivanov, E. A. Iliev. - Some problems of human adaptation to the cold in Subantarctic / A. Ketkin. - The first geological research activities of Bulgaria in Antarctic - some new data and preliminary conclusions Alexander Island, West Antarctica / B. Kamenov, B. H. Pimpirev. - A satellite ozonometric apparatus for atmospheric ozone monitoring above the Antarctic / J. St. Jekov, K. D. Valtchev, D. Chr. Ivanova. - Measuring the total ozone content above the Antarctic with the aid of artificial earth satellite / D. Hr. Ivanova, J. St. Jekov. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Beiträge teilweise in englischer, teilweise in bulgarischer Sprache , Mit englischem Inhaltsverzeichnis

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Pages 1-9, Geodynamic evolution of the Atlas system, Morocco: An introduction, Volker Jacobshagen --- Pages 11-17, The Anti-Atlas system: An overview, Eckard Wallbrecher --- Pages 19-42, A ductile shear zone in the Panafrican basement on the northwestern margin of the West African Craton (Sirwa Dome, Central Anti-Atlas, Eckard Wallbrecher --- Pages 43-60, Tectonothermal evolution of the late Panafrican Orogeny in the central Anti-Atlas (Southern Morocco), Yannis Bassias, Eckard Wallbrecher, Alexander Willgallis --- Pages 61-80, A plate tectonic model for the Panafrican Orogeny in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, Peteralv M. Brabers --- Pages 81-90, The Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco) discussion and new results, Werner Buggisch, Erik Flügel --- Pages 91-106, The base of the Cambrian in Morocco, K. Sdzuy, G. Geyer --- Pages 107-121, Paleogeography and facies of the ‘gres terminaux’ (uppermost Lower Cambrian, Anti-Atlas/Morocco), Werner Buggisch, Rainer Siegert --- Pages 123-128, Diagenesis and very low-grade metamorphism of the Lower Cambrian rocks in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco), Werner Buggisch --- Pages 129-138, Deformation of igneous dikes in and around the Tichka granite, high Atlas — Morocco, Jean-Paul Schaer --- Pages 139-168, Synthesis of late paleozoic and triassic redbed sedimentation in Morocco, John C. Lorenz --- Pages 169-199, Jurassic carbonate facies of the Central and Eastern High Atlas rift, Morocco, John E. Warme --- Pages 201-217, Jurassic sediments of the Central High Atlas of Morocco: Deposition, burial and erosian history, Y.A. Brechbühler, R. Bernasconi, J. -P. Schaer --- Pages 219-244, Aspects of Western High Atlas tectonics, Nikolaus Froitzheim, Johannes Stets, Paul Wurster --- Pages 245-271, Structure and post-Palaeozoic evolution of the central High Atlas, Volker Jacobshagen, Rainald Brede, Manfred Hauptmann, Werner Heinitz, Renate Zylka --- Pages 273-291, Structural evolution of the southern and northern Central High Atlas in paleogene and Mio-Pliocene times, Cyril Fraissinet, Mustapha El Zouine, Jean-Luc Morel, André Poisson, Jean Andrieux… --- Pages 293-320, Recent data on the geology of the Middle-Atlas (Morocco), Renaud du Dresnay --- Pages 321-337, Synsedimentary tectonics in the Northern Middle Atlas (Morocco) during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary, Hans-Georg Herbig --- Pages 339-357, Geophysical studies of the earth's crust and upper mantle in the Atlas system of Morocco, Gerhard Schwarz, Peter J. Wigger --- Pages 359-404, The uplift of the central High Atlas as deduced from neogene continental sediments of the Ouarzazate province, Morocco, Konrad Görler, Friedrich-Franz Helmdach, Pieter Gaemers, Kurt Heißig, Winfried Hinsch… --- Pages 405-432, The ostracode fauna of the Ait Kandoula region, systematic description, Friedrich-Franz Helmdach --- Pages 433-444, Geomorphological aspects of the quaternary evolution of the Ouarzazate Basin, Southern Morocco, Gerhard Stäblein --- Pages 445-462, Rates of scarp retreat: A means of dating Neotectonic activity, Karl-Heinz Schmidt --- Pages 463-480, Evolution of the Alboran block margin from early Mesozoic to early Miocene time, M. Durand-Delga, Ph. Olivier --- Pages 481-499, Geodynamic evolution of the Atlas system (Morocco) in post-palaeozoic times, Volker Jacobshagen, Konrad Görler, Peter Giese

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling of test section Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Natural subgrade material Test soils Field tests Analysis of field-loading tests Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix 8: Ground temperatures prevailing during plate-loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPAV

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sections Installing instruments and sampling Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Base, subbase and subgrade soils Data analysis for base, subbase and subgrade soils Field tests Analysis of plate loading tests Analytical approach Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix B: Ground temperatures, moisture tension, water table and freezing iso-therms prevailing during plate loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPA V at radius 0.0, taxiways A and B.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit englischer Zusammenfassung

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Types of accretions Problems caused by icing Prevention and shedding methods Results The survey Data presentation Discussion Survey response distribution Effect of icing protection on parameter averages Effect of tower type on parameter averages Moderate and more severe icing locations Relationship of climate, geography and topography to icing severity Total annual costs Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Tower icing survey Appendix B: Station summaries

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Description of the selected sites Corps of engineers frost design soil classification system Moisture-tension/hydraulic-conductivity tests Freezing test Validation Description of test sites and materials Sample preparation Results and analysis of laboratory tests Corps of engineers frost design soil classification system Moisture-tension/hydraulic-conductivity test Freezing test Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Summary of frost-susceptibility tests on natural soil

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sea ice structure and classification Logistics and field operations Analytical techniques Crystalline structure Fluorescence Results Salinity Crystalline structure Fluorescence Description of selected floes Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Floe descriptions

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Review of previous work Specimen preparation Material Molding Testing procedure and apparatus Test results Definition of strain and stress Definition of creep failure Definition of failure in constant-strain-rate tests Definition of initial yield strength Determination of initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Creep behavior General nature of the creep process and the failure mode Minimum creep rate Time to creep failure Relationship between t, and tm Creep failure strain and failure criterion Creep model and prediction of creep strain Strength behavior General stress-strain behavior and failure mode Peak compressive strength Initial yield strength Failure strain Initial yield strain Initial tangent modulus 50% peak strength modulus Correspondence between constant-stress tests and constant-strain-rate tests Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content data Appendix B: Physical properties of samples tested

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Testing Material Specimen preparation Testing procedure and apparatus Results Discussion Peak tensile strength, σm Failure tensile strain, ϵf Initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Discussion of test techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Physical properties of Fairbanks silt specimens Appendix B: Unfrozen water content data of Fairbanks silt with three typical water contents

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Magnetic induction conductivity method Site description and survey methods Cross section field data and modeling results X6 X3A X4 Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of errors Appendix B: Modeling data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical analysis Constant surface temperature Constant surface heat flux Comparison with exact solution Alternative method Conclusions and comments Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of equation 25 Appendix B: Derivations of equations 37 and 40 Appendix C: Derivation of equations 37a and 40

Note: Zusammenfassung in Englisch, Französisch, Spanisch und Russisch

Note: Contents 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 3 The broad scientific problems 4 Specific scientific problems: a topical view 5 The resources issue 6 A strategy for planning and conducting research Transect Zone Number 1 (Weddell Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 2 (Ross Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 3 (Amery Transect Zone) Circum-Antarctic Studies 7 Broad scientific priorities 8 A methodology and chronology for proposed work 9 Special concerns References

Note: POSTER: ODP Leg 122 - Palynostratigraphie und Korrelation von Site 759 und Site 760 / W. Brenner. - Stoffbestand, Genese und Entwicklung gabbroider Gesteine der ozeanischen Unterkruste / R. Emmermann & A. Hoffmann. - Massenspektrometrische Bor-Isotopenbestimmung in Ozeanbodenbasalten und -sedimenten / J. Erzinger & E. Zuleger. - Fazies und Paläozeanographie glazial/interglazialer Sedimente des Europäischen Nordmeers / R. Henrich. - Geochemische Untersuchungen an Aschenlagen der Südatlantik-Legs 113 und 114 / H.-W. Hubberten, W. Morche, F. Westall & D. K, Fütterer. - Heat flow and fluid flow in deep-sea sediments and ocean crust / J. Mienert & R. P. von Herzen. - ODP Leg 114: Bolboforma (Algae, Chrysophyta) im subantarktischen Paläogen / D. Spiegler. - Magnetostratigraphie tertiärer Sedimentfolgen vom Maud Rise, Weddell See - Ergebnisse von ODP Leg 113 / V. Spiess & N. Nowaczyk. - Sedimentologische Untersuchungen an quartären und tertiären Sedimenten von ODP Site 647, Labrador See / R. Stax & R. Stein. - Corg-Gehalt und Sedimentationsrate - ein 'Paleoenvironment-Indikator' in marinen Sedimenten / R. Stein. - Calcareous nannofossils from DSDP Hole 530A: their biostratigraphy and correlation with paleomagnetic reversals / J. C. Steinmetz & H. Stradner. - Eine Methode zur genetischen Unterscheidung der magnetischen Mineralfraktion in Tiefseesedimenten / T. von Dobeneck. - VORTRÄGE : Zur Stabilität der Magnetosomen: typische Magnetofossilien im limnischen und marinen Bereich / G. Amarantidis, H. Vali, G. Morteani, J. Müller, N. Petersen & L. Bachmann. - Austauschprozesse des organischen Materials zwischen Porenwasser und Sediment - Leg 112, Peru Margin / Arbeitsgruppe E. T. Degens. - Planung von Bohrungen in sediment-bedeckten Krustenakkretionszonen / H. Bäcker. - Chemische Stoffbilanzen zwischen Meerwasser, ozeanischer und ophiolithischer (Troodos) Kruste / U. Bednarz & H.-U. Schmincke. - Mikrogefüge, Deformationsmechanismen und Fluids im Barbados-Akkretionskeil / J. H. Behrmann & D. J. Prior. - Organische Geochemie der Sites 767 und 768, ODP Leg 124, Celebes und Sulu See / U. Berner. - Die sedimentären Abfolgen der Celebes und Sulu See (Leg 124) / Ch. Betzler & Leg 124 Shipboard Scientific Party. - Zusammensetzung und Herkunft von Aschenlagen und die Frage magmatischer Episodizität im Nordatlantik / P. R. Bitschene & H.-U. Schmincke. - Die vulkano-tektonische und magmatische Entwicklung des Kerguelen Plateaus (KP, südlicher Indischer Ozean) / P. R. Bitschene, K. Mehl, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 120 Shipboard Party. - The Toba Ash, older tephra layers and basement rocks of the eastern Indian Ocean - ODP Leg 121 / J. Dehn, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 121 Shipboard Party. - Schwellen-Becken-Sedimentation im Jura: Vergleich Alpen Atlantik / O. Ebli. - Glaziale Entwicklung der Prydz Bay, Ostantarktis (ODP Leg 119) / W. U. Ehrmann. - Palynologische Untersuchungen in miozänen Sedimenten des Nordatlantiks - erste Ergebnisse von Site 408/Leg 49; Site 554/ Leg 81 und Site 400/ Leg 48 / E. Engel & H. Zankl. - Känozoische Biochronologie und Paläozeanographie der Norwegischen See: Synthese ODP Leg 104 / R. Goll, S. Locker, O. Spiegler, U. Beil, R. Henrich & J. Thiede. - Magnetostratigraphie der Sedimente von Leg 120 / F. Heider, H. Inokuchi & ODP Leg 120 Shipboard Scientific Party. - Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse als Indikator für hochtemperierte Alteration im Sheeted Dike Komplex der ozeanischen Kruste (Bohrung 504B, Leg 111) / P. M. Herzig, D. Schöps & G. Friedrich. - Zum geologischen Aufbau des argentinischen Kontinentalrandes: Ergebnisse einer seismischen Übersichtsmessung der BGR / K. Hinz & H. Meyer. - Zur Ablagerungsgeschichte des Kerguelen Plateaus, südlicher Indischer Ozean (ODP Leg 120) / A. Mackensen & Leg 120 Scientific Party. - Entstehung des Kerguelen - Plateaus: erste Ergebnisse der Legs 119 und 120 / K. Mehl, P. R. Bitschene, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 119 Shipboard Party. - Ein Modell für globale Plattenbewegungen im Mesozoikum und Känozoikum / R. D. Müller. - Biostratigraphisch-paläontologische Ergebnisse von ODP Leg 123 / J. Mutterlose. - Zyklische Sedimentation in der Mittelkreide von Umbrien / S. Noe. - Compositional variation and internal structure of igneous oceanic crust exposed in the Galapagos Microplate / T. H. Puchel & N. Blum. - Pauschale und molekulare organisch-geochemische Signale in den Sedimenten der Auftriebszone vor Peru (ODP Leg 112) / J. Rullkötter, H. L. Ten Haven, R. Stein, R. Littke & D. H. Welte. - Leg 123 - Multivariate Statistik zur Sedimentologie / M. Schott. - Wird es arktische Tiefseebohrungen geben? / J. Thiede. - Die Geburt des Indischen Ozeans (erste Ergebnisse von ODP-Leg 123/ Argo Abyssal Plain off NW Australia) / J. Thurow & Shipboard Scientific Party ODP-Leg 123. - Die Klimaentwicklung der Sahara und der Sahelzone während der letzten 8 Mill. Jahre (Ergebnisse von ODP-Sites 657-661) / R. Tiedemann, M. Sarnthein, B. Stabell & R. Stein. - HRTEM characterization of single-domain magnetic particles from a deepsea sediment / H. Vali, J. L. Kirschvink, G. Morteani, L. Bachmann & N. Petersen. - Paläoenvironment der Riftphase und des Rift-Drift-Übergang am Exmouth Plateau (NW Australien): Kurzbericht über ODP-Leg 122 und ein BGR-Forschungsprojekt / U. von Rad, W. Brenner & G. Wirsing. - Fluktuationen und Biostratigraphie benthischer Foraminiferen an Site 658 und 659, Leg 108 (Pleistozän, Pliozän) / P. Weinholz & G. F. Lutze.

Note: In kyrill. Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Section 1. Introduction Section 2. Wave propagation in the earth Section 3. Body waves: ray theory and wave theory Geometric ray theory Wave theory Section 4. Surface waves Section 5. Normal modes Section 6. Finite-difference method Section 7. Finite-element method Section 8. Hybrid methods Section 9. Conclusion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Snow metamorphism Mass transfer by diffusion in snow Heat transfer Background-porous media Structure of thermal convection Rayleigh number Onset problem Heat transfer attributable to thermal convection Layering and slope effects Studies of convection through snow Modeling Equation of motion Energy equation Finite difference methods Numerical solution Verification of the model Modeling results Effects of constant flux and permeable boundaries on convection in horizontal layers Effects of phase change on convection Convection in sloped layers Experiments Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental results and discussion Glass beads Snow Applications and conclusions Onset of Benard convection in seasonal snow covers Applications to snow metamorphism Summary Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of fmite difference formulae Appendix B: Computer programs Appendix C: Sample calculations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Bentonite and water samples Sorbate solutions Sorption isotherms HPLC analysis Analyte standards Water solubilities Octanol-water partition coefficients Sorption isotherms Freundlich Langmuir BET Scatchard Gibbs Linear Polynomial Results and discussion TNT DNT RDX and HMX Effect of drilling muds on analysis SEM and EDXA analysis of bentonite wells Other studies Summary Literature cited Appendix A : Results for TNT Appendix B: Results for DNT Appendix C: Results for RDX Appendix D : Results for HMX Appendix E: Characteristics of Quik-Gel, Aqua-Gel and well water

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Preface 1. Gunnar Nygaard: A guiding influence on paleolimnological research / by J. Kristiansen 2. Diatoms as indicators of pH: An historical review / by R.W. Battarbee, J.P. Smol & J. Meriläinen Part one: Taxonomy 3. The genus Melosira from soft-water lakes with special reference to northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota / by K.E. Camburn & J.C. Kingston 4. A new diatom species, Fragilaria acidobiontica, from acidic lakes in northeastern North America / by D.F. Charles 5. Two forms of Tabellaria binalis (Ehr.) Grun. in two acid lakes in Galloway, Scotland / by R.J. Flower Part two: Extant floras 6. Phytoplankton in selected LaCloche (Ontario) lakes, pH 4.2-7.0, with special reference to algaeas indicators of chemical characteristics / by P.M. Stokes & Y.K. Yung 7. The representation of living diatom communities in deep-water sedimentary diatom assemblages in two Maine (U.S.A.) lakes / by D.M. DeNicola 8. Spatial and temporal variability in periphytic diatom communities: Palaeoecological significance in an acidified lake / by V.J. Jones & R.J. Flower Part three: Paleolimnological applications 9. Relationships between diatom assemblages in lake surface-sediments and limnological characteristics in southern Norway / by D.S. Anderson, R.B. Davis & F. Berge 10. Diatom evidence for neutralization in acid surface mine lakes / by R.B. Brugam & M. Lusk 11. The recent history of a naturally acidic lake (Cone Pond, N.H.) / by J. Ford 12. East african diatoms and water pH / by F. Gasse 13. Acidification of small lakes in Finland documented by sedimentary diatom and chrysophycean remains / by K. Tolonen, M. Liukkonen, R. Harjula & A. Patila 14. Applications of multivariate techniques to infer limnological conditions from diatom assemblages / by P. Huttunen & J. Meriläinen 15. A sedimentary diatom record of severe acidification in Lake Blamissusjon, N. Sweden, through natural soil processes / by I. Renberg 16. Diatom responses to acidification and lime treatment in a clear-water lake: Comparison of two methods of analysis of a diatom stratigraphy / by H. Simola 17. Acidification of four lakes in the Federal Republic of Germany as reflected by diatom assemblages, cladoceran remains and sediment chemistry / by K. Arzet, D. Krause-Dellin & C. Steinberg 18. Late-glacial and Holocene acidity changes in Adirondack (N.Y.) lakes / by D.R. Whitehead, D.F. Charles, S.J. Jackson, S.E. Reed & M.C. Sheehan 19. Chrysophycean microfossils as indicators of lakewater pH / by J.P. Smol Part four: Overview 20. The use of sedimentary remains of siliceous algae for inferring past chemistry of lake water-problems, potential and research needs / by R.B. Davis & J.P. Smol Indices Index of lakes Index of genera Subject index

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Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PROCESSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES ON THE DIATOM VALUE SHAPE, SYMMETRY AND SIZE SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS AND KEYS GROUP 1 - DISTINCTIVE GENERA GROUP 2 - DISCOID GENERA REFERENCES

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: The Dahlem Konferenzen Introduction Isolation of Humic Substances from Soils and Sediments A Critical Evaluation of the Use of Macroporous Resins for the Isolation of Aquatic Humic Substances Isolation of Soil and Aquatic Humic Substances Polymerization of Humic Stubstances in Natural Environments Selective Degradation of Plant Biomolecules Generation of Model Chemical Precursors Generation in Controlled Model Ecosystems Genesis Evolution of Structural Models from Consideration of Physical and Chemical Properties Critical Comparison of Structural Implications from Degradative and Nondegradative Approaches The Characterization and Validity of Structural Hypotheses; Binding and Transport Metals by Humic Materials Interaction of Humic Substances with Biota Environmental Photoprocesses Involving Natural Organic Matter Sedimentology of Organic Matter Environmental Reactions and Functions List of Participants with Fields of Research Subject Index Author Index

Note: 1 Introduction J.R. Ashworth 1.1 Scope of the book 1.2 Definitions 1.3 Migmatites and granites 1.4 Melt-absent migmatization 1.5 Compositions of anatectic leucosomes 1.6 Textures and structures as possible indicators of melt presence 1.7 Estimation of P-T-aₕ₂ₒ conditions 1.8 The Granulite Facies 1.9 Mineral compositions in leucosome and melanosome: the plagioclase problem 1.10 Open and closed systems 1.11 Conclusions References 2 The significance of experimental studies for the formation of migmatites W. Johannes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Experimental studies in the haplogranite system Qz-Or-Ab-H₂O 2.3 Experimental studies in the tonalite system Qz-Ab-An-H₂O 2.4 Experimental studies in the granite system Qz-Or-Ab-An-H₂O 2.5 Plagioclase compositions: observations in nature, experimental findings and conclusions 2.6 Suggestions for future research References 3 Phase equilibria in partial melting of pelitic rocks James A. Grant 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Subsolidus phase equilibria and experimental data 3.3 Partial melting 3.4 Melting at Pₕ₂ₒ = Pₜₒₜₐₗ 3.5 Melting at Pₕ₂ₒ 〈 Pₜₒₜₐₗ 3.6 Vapour-absent melting 3.7 Internal and external control of intensive variables 3.8 Paths through time and space 3.9 Separation of solid, liquid and vapour 3.10 Summary liquidus relations 3.11 Conclusions References 4 Mass balance in migmatites Sakiko N. Olsen 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Baltimore Gneiss and Front Range migmatites 4.3 Mass-balance calculations: methods and assumptions 4.4 Mass-balance calculations: results 4.5 Littleton Formation migmatites 4.6 Discussion References 5 Textures J.R. Ashworth and E.L. McLellan 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Grain size 5.3 Textures attributed to crystallization from a melt 5.4 Grain shape 5.5 Grain orientation (petrofabric) 5.6 Grain contact relations 5.7 Conclusions References 6 Migmatite occurrences in New England Robert J. Tracy 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Tectonic evolution of New England 6.3 Grenville massifs of western New England 6.4 Ordovician migmatites in the western high grade belt 6.5 Migmatites of the eastern Acadian metamorphic high 6.6 Avalonian terrains overprinted in the Alleghenian 6.7 Summary References 7 Migmatites in the Moines David Barr 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Early migmatites 7.3 Late migmatites 7.4 Sutherland migmatites 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Fluid inclusions in migmatites J. Touret and Sakiko N. Olsen 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Fluid inclusions in migmatites of Bamble, Norway 8.3 Fluid inclusions in the Front Range migmatites

Note: Contents 1 Noctilucent Clouds 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How, When and Where Noctilucent Clouds Are Seen 1.3 Amateur Observations 1.4 Cloud Types 1.5 Structure of the Upper Atmosphere 2 History 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Discovery of the "Shining Night-Clouds" 2.3 Measurements of Noctilucent Clouds 2.4 The Middle Period of Noctilucent Cloud Research 3 Observations from Ground Level 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Geometry of Twilight Scattering 3.3 Latitude of Observation 3.4 Absorption of Light in the Atmosphere 3.5 Height of Noctilucent Clouds 3.6 Drift Motions 3.7 Wave Structure 4 Spectrophotometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Spectroscopic Observations 4.3 Spectrophotometry from Ground Level 4.4 Rocket-Borne Photometers 4.5 Spectrophotometry from Satellites 4.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 5 Polarimetry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Polarization by Scattering 5.3 Measurement of Polarized Light 5.4 Polarization Measured from Ground Level 5.5 Measurements of Polarization from Rockets 5.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 6 Rocket-Borne Sampling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Flights over Sweden in 1962 and 1967 6.3 Flights over Sweden in 1970 and 1971 6.4 Flights over Canada in 1968 and 1970 6.5 Collectors Flown by Max-Planck-Institut Researchers, 1968 to 1971 6.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 7 Variation of Occurrence 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sunspot Cycle 7.3 Seasonal Frequency of Noctilucent Clouds 7.4 Climatology of the Mesosphere 8 Other Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Association with Hydroxyl Airglow Emission 8.3 Association with Aurora and Planetary Magnetic Activity 8.4 Lunar Effects 8.5 Lidar Observations 8.6 Artificial Noctilucent Clouds 8.7 Abnormal Observations 9 Environment of Noctilucent Clouds 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Atmospheric in Temperature 9.3 D-Region 9.4 Dust 9.5 Water Vapour in the Mesosphere 9.6 Radiation 9.7 Rates of Growth 9.8 Nucleation of Ice 9.9 Settling of Particles 9.10 Modelling Noctilucent Clouds by Numerical Simulation 10 The Nature of Noctilucent Clouds 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation in Noctilucent Clouds 10.3 Growth of Noctilucent Cloud Particle 10.4 Evaporation of Noctilucent Cloud Particles 10.5 The Relationship Between Polar Mesospheric Clouds and Noctilucent Clouds 10.6 Summary 11 Bibliography A) Before 1900 B) 1900-1950 C) Bibliography since 1950 Appendix 1: Atmospheric Refraction . Appendix 2: Atmospheric Transmission Along Grazing Pays Subject Index Name Index

Note: A. Introduction.- Obituary.- Purpose of this Book.- Synopsis.- B. General Framework of Hypersaline Environments with Special Reference to the Red Sea.- 1. Introduction and Definitions.- 2. The Northern Red Sea, a Historical Sketch.- 3. Gulf of Elat (Aqaba). Geological and Sedimentological Framework.- 4. Coastal Evaporite Systems.- 5. Hypersaline Sea-marginal Flats of the Gulfs of Elat and Suez.- 6. Anchialine Pools — Comparative Hydrobiology.- 7. Botanical Studies on Coastal Salinas and Sabkhas of the Sinai.- C. The Gavish Sabkha — A Case Study.- 8. Introduction.- 9. Geomorphology, Mineralogy and Groundwater Geochemistry as Factors of the Hydrodynamic System of the Gavish Sabkha.- 10. The Ras Muhammad Pool: Implications for the Gavish Sabkha.- 11 Salinity and Water Activity Related Zonation of Microbial Communities and Potential Stromatolites of the Gavish Sabkha.- 12. Structure and Physiology of Square-shaped and Other Halophilic Bacteria from the Gavish Sabkha.- 13. Photoactive Pigments in Halobacteria from the Gavish Sabkha.- 14. Photosynthetic Microorganisms of the Gavish Sabkha.- 15. The Fauna of the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake — a Comparative Study.- 16. Trace Metal Concentrations in Sediments from the Gavish Sabkha.- 17. Biogeochemistry of Gavish Sabkha Sediments I. Studies on Neutral Reducing Sugars and Lipid Moieties by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- 18. Biogeochemistry of Gavish Sabkha Sediments II. Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry of the Laminated Microbial Mat in the Permanently Water-Covered Zone Before and After the Desert Sheetflood of 1979.- 19. Carbon Isotope Geochemistry and 14C Ages of Microbial Mats from the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake.- D. Applied Aspects and Paleoecology.- 20. Introduction.- 21. A Paleobiological Perspective on Sabkhas.- 22. Applied and Economic Aspects of Sabkha Systems — Genesis of Salt, Ore and Hydrocarbon Deposits, and Biotechnology.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Taxonomic Index.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Раздел I Комплексные методы аэрокосмических исследований для решения геологических задач Проблемы и принципы геологической интерпретации результатов дешифрирования дистанционных материалов / Д. М. Трофимов Комплексные структурно-геоморфологические методы обработки аэрокосмической фотоинформации для решения геологических задач / Л. К. 3ятькова Исследования Земли из космоса - новый вклад в развитие структурной геоморфологии / А. П. Кулаков Метод количественной оценки сходимости в картографических построениях при дешифрировании космоснимков нефтегазоносных районов Сибири / А. М. Боровиков, Л. М. Шемякин Количественная оценка информативности разномасштабных телеснимков на примере дизъюнктивов Сибири / В. И. Витязь, В. Я. Ероменко Методы дистанционных исследований переходных зон сочленения платформ и орогенов Сибири / Л. К. Зятькова Опыт применения космической информации для прогновирования региональных и локальных нефтегазоносных структур в пределах Днепровско-Донецкого палеорифта / В. К. Гавриш, А. И. Недошовенко, Е. С. Петрова, В. Н. Дементьев Комплексирование аэро-космогеологических и геолого геофизических методов при нефтегазопоисковых работах на юге Пермской области / Ю. А. Дулепов, В. В. Макаловский, В. С. Курочnик, В. Г. Гацков Некоторые вопросы геологической интерпретации геофизических полей и результатов аэрокосмических наблюдений нефтегазоносных территорий / В. В. Панасенко, В. Н. Панасенко Раздел II Методы автоматизированной обработки изображений Техническое и программное обеспечение центра обработки аэрокосмической информации / А. С. Алексеев, С. Т. Васьков, В. Н. Дементьев, В. К. Кожевников, Э. Г. Михальцов, В. П. Пяткин, Р. М. Салаватов Использование статистических подходов к обработке аэрокосмических изображений при построении процедур выделения пространственно-протяженных объектов / Т. Б. Борукаев, В. Г. Гомелаури, В. И. Горбунов Возможности применения разнородного программного обеспечения анализа изображений для задач охраны окружающей среды / А. Д. Китов Томографический подход к задаче сейсмопросвечивания / И. Г. Казанцев Выбор зон спектра при космической съемке / Н. А. Тепляков, В. М. Чернин Статистический подход к классификации объектов на аэрокосмических изображениях / Б. А. Горбуnов Теория светорассеяния неоднородными гидро- и аэрозольными частицами / В. Н. Лопатин, Л. Е. Парамонов, Ф. Я. Сидько Некоторые преобразования в количественном подходе при обработке изображений / В. А. Забелин, В. П. Пяткин Обработка спектросовмещенной информации на ЭВМ / В. А. Забелин , Translation of Table of Contents Preface Section I Integrated methods of aerospace research for solving geological problems Problems and principles of geological interpretation of the results of interpretation of remote sensing materials / D. M. Trofimov Complex structural and geomorphological methods for processing aerospace photographic information for solving geological problems / L. K. Zyatkova Exploration of the Earth from space - a new contribution to the development of structural geomorphology / A. P. Kulakov Method for quantitative assessment of convergence in cartographic constructions when interpreting satellite images of oil and gas-bearing regions of Siberia / A. M. Borovikov, L. M. Shemyakin Quantitative assessment of the information content of multi-scale television films using the example of disjunctives of Siberia / V. I. Vityaz, V. Ya. Eromenko Methods of remote sensing of transition zones of junction of platforms and orogens of Siberia / L. K. Zyatkova Experience in using space information for forecasting regional and local oil and gas bearing structures within the Dnieper-Donetsk paleorift / V.K. Gavrish, A.I. Nedoshovenko, E.S. Petrova, V.N. Dementiev Integration of aero-cosmogeological and geological-geophysical methods during oil and gas prospecting in the south of the Perm region / Yu. A. Dulepov, V. V. Makalovsky, V. S. Kurochnik, V. G. Gatskov Some issues of geological interpretation of geophysical fields and results of aerospace observations of oil and gas-bearing territories / V. V. Panasenko, V. N. Panasenko Section II Automated image processing methods Technical and software of the aerospace information processing center / A. S. Alekseev, S. T. Vaskov, V. N. Dementyev, V. K. Kozhevnikov, E. G. Mikhaltsov, V. P. Pyatkin, R. M. Salavatov The use of statistical approaches to processing aerospace images when constructing procedures for identifying spatially extended objects / T. B. Borukaev, V. G. Gomelauri, V. I. Gorbunov Possibilities of using heterogeneous image analysis software for environmental protection tasks / A. D. Kitov Tomographic approach to the problem of seismic imaging / I. G. Kazantsev Selection of spectrum zones during space photography / N. A. Teplyakov, V. M. Chernin Statistical approach to classification of objects in aerospace images / B. A. Gorbunov Theory of light scattering by inhomogeneous hydro- and aerosol particles / V. N. Lopatin, L. E. Paramonov, F. Ya. Sidko Some transformations in the quantitative approach to image processing / V. A. Zabelin, V. P. Pyatkin Processing of spectrum-combined information on a computer / V. A. Zabelin , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Preface. - Foreword. - Subject sections. - General articles. - Instruments and methods. - Theory of radio echo-sounding. - Applications to land ice. - Applications to floating ice. - Ancillary methods and observations. - Popular articles. - Theses and abstracts of theses.

Note: Contents: Age and correlation of metamorphic basement in Edward VII Peninsula Marie Byrd Land and Southern New Zealand / C. J. Adams & S. D. Weaver. - Granite Harbour intrusives from North Victoria Land between David and Aviator Glaciers: new geochronological and isotope data / P. Armienti, C. Ghezzo, F. Innocenti, P. Manetti, S. Rocchi & S. Tonarini. - Granulites in the Kottas Mountains, Antarctica: geology, geochronology and geochemistry / N. T. Arndt, C. Chauvel, W. Todt, M. Tapfer & K. Weber. - Utility of 87Sr/86Sr ratios of biogenic carbonate to estimate ages of sedimentary and climatic events in Antarctica / E. Barrera & P. N. Webb. - Cooling patterns in Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, and Southwestern Africa and their implications to Gondwana / J. M. Barton & A. B. Moyes. - U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircons from polymetamorphic rocks of Eastern Enderby Land / B. V. Belyatsky, L. K. Levsky & E. N. Kamenev. - Geochronology and climastratigraphy of tertiary glacial and interglacial successions on King George Island, South Shetland Islands / K. Birkenmajer. - Reliability of potassium-argon dating of cretaceous-tertiary island-arc volcanic suite of King George Island, South Shetland Islands / K. Birkenmajer, E. Soliani, Jr. & K. Kawashita. - Sequence stratigraphy for cenozoic glacial rocks of the Antarctic Continental margin - a lesson from Prydz Bay Drilling / A. K. Cooper. - Jurassic accretion of a high buoyancy guyot in Southern-most South America: the Diego Ramirez Islands / J. Davidson, E. Godoy, F. Herve, C. Mpodozis & N. Munoz. - Age and petrogenesis of the granitic basement rocks, Brown Hills, Transantarctic Mountains / R. P. Felder & G. Faure. - Age of the Chlamys-Bearing Conglomerate (paleogene) from King George Island in the light of micropaleontological data / A. Gazdzicki. - Tectonic implications of 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Elephant Island Group, Antarctica / A. M. Grunow, I. W. D. Dalziel, T. M. Harrison & M. T. Heizler. - New Rb-Sr age data on the Scotia metamorphic complex at Clarence Island / F. Herve, H. Miller, W. Loske, A. Milne & R. Pankhurst. - Sedimentary structures in rift basins on the conjugate margins of Antarctica/Ross Sea and Australia/Western Tasmania, South Tasman Rise / K. Hinz, M. Hemmerich, U. Salge & O. Eiken. - Was there a significant glacial episode on the Antarctic Peninsula during the middle Holocene? / Chr. Hjort & O. Ingolfsson. - Rb-Sr and K-Ar dating of granite harbour intrusives and rhyolites from North North Victoria Land, Antarctica / H. Kreuzer, C. Carl, A. Höhndorf, P. Müller, N. W. Roland & F. Tessensohn. - Radiometric dating of Jurassic supergroup Tholeiites: a review / P. R. Kyle. - Cretaceous-tertiary history of the Kergulen Plateau revealed from the Marion Dufrese Piston Core and dredging crusies / L. Leclaire, F. Fröhlich & Y. Bassias. - Geologic events of the last 100 million years revealed by K-Ar dating of volcanic rocks in Marie Byrd Land / W. E. LeMasurier & D. C. Rex. - Radiolarian biochronology from the subantarctic Atlantic Ocean / H. Y. Ling. - U-Pb Zircon ages of xenoliths at Cape Dubouzet, Northern Antarctic Peninsula / W. Loske, H. Miller, A. Milne & F. Herve. - Th-230 and Be-10 chronology of sediments from the Weddell Sea / A. Mangini, P. Walter & A. Eisenhuber. - Tephrostratigraphical investigations on marine and limnic ash-layers from Bransfield Strait Region, Antarctica / D. Matthies, R. Mäusbacher & D. Storzer. - Significance of detrital zircons from the Trinity Peninsula Group sediments for the reconstruction of Gondwana / H. Miller & W. Loske. - Geochronology of the basement to Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula / A. J. Milne & I. L. Millar. - Implications of Sm-Nd garnet ages for the stratigraphy of Northern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula / A. J. Milne, I. L. Millar & A. G. Whitham. - A review of isotopic data from Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / A. B. Moyes & J. M. Barton Jr. - Metamorphic rocks and charnokite in Gjelsvikfiella and Western Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, and their Rb/Sr ages / Y. Otha & B. Torudbakken. - The geochronology of the Jones Mountains and Thurston Island, Central West Antarctica / R. J. Pankhurst, I. L. Millar, A. M. Grunow & B. C. Storey. - Sr isotopes in volcanic rocks from Deception Island, and their genetic significance / C. A. Parica & H. A. Ostera. - Paleomagnetic stratigraphy of drill-cores from McMurdo Sound and Taylor Valley, Antarctica / H. J. Rieck. - Variability of scavenging in the Southern Ocean. Implications for stratigraphy based on radioisotope- and manganese accumulation / M. M. Rutgers van der Loeff & G. W. Berger. - Dating of the cenozoic magmatic province at the Ross Sea Coast of Northern Victorica Land, Antarctica / M. Schmidt-Thome, H. Kreuzer, H. Lenz, P. Müller, F. Tessensohn & U. Vetter. - Reconnaissance fission track dating within West Antarcticca / B. C. Storey, R. J. Pankhurst, I. B. Evans & A. Carter. - New radiometric age data from Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands / R. A. J. Trouw, R. J. Pankhurst & K. Kawashita. - Antarctic cenozoic geochronology / P. N. Webb. - Radiometric age determinations of late cenozoic alkalli McMurdo Volcanic Group Rocks. Discovery volcanic subprovince, Ross Sea, Antarctica / A. C Wright-Grassham, P. R. Kyle, K. Foland, F. Mcdowell & D. Lux.

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Sea ice growth and structure Model sea ice Brine salinity Seawater and model brine conductivity Complex dielectric constant of brine Electromagnetic properties of model sea ice at 100 MHz Electromagnetic properties of model sea ice at 100 and 500 MHz and 1 and 5 GHz Example of impulse radar sea ice profiling results Example of frequency-domain electromagnetic sea ice thickness sounding Concluding remarks Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Analysis of historical data Field observations Controlled release tests January 1986 ice breakup Connecticut River ice control Minimizing ice production Hydrothermal melting Controlled ice breakup Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed ice breakup chronology

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sample analysis Continuous multi-year ridge core Tested multi-year ridge ice samples Unconfined constant-strain-rate compression tests Confined constant-strain-rate compression tests Uniaxial constant-strain-rate tension tests Discussion Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Multi-year ridge sample data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources Study location and icing conditions Icing data Antenna reflection data Data preparation Analyses Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Structure Composition Mechanical properties Strength Elastic constants The temperature-salinity model Temperature profiles Salinity profiles Composite plate properties Results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Details of the equations for ice surface temperature and conductive heat flux Appendix B: Calculated profile and bulk properties of an ice sheet of varying thickness Appendix C: Calculated profile and bulk properties of 30- and 91-cm-thick ice sheets

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Soil variable ø SWC and SFC similarity Mathematical representation of SWC and SFC data NMR measurement of unfrozen water content Characterization of SWC Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Soil freezing curve data Appendix B: Error analysis Appendix C: Soil water curve data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Formation, growth, and structure of sea ice Oceanic frazil production Multiyear ice Equilibrium growth Summer ice decay Annual layering Salinity distribution in sea ice Chemistry of sea ice Study area description Objectives Methodology Sample collection Blanks Chemical analyses Thin sections Data reduction Results and discussion First-year ice Multiyear ice Comparison of first-year and multiyear ice Summary Conclusions Future work References Appendix A: Concentration of chemical species in sea ice as reported in the literature Appendix B: Ice and water data Appendix C: Linear regression data