ALBERT

Description: Digitalisation is disrupting business practices worldwide and transforming consumption patterns. While a global increase in wealth is leading to higher consumption rates, consumption-related decisions are increasingly based on digital information and marketing; furthermore, shopping increasingly takes place online and products and services are more and more digitalised. The transformative character of digitalisation calls for political action in order to ensure sustainable consumption in a new and dynamically changing context. Focusing on consumption is imperative in combatting many global challenges. Take climate change: consumption-based emissions (i.e. emissions from domestic final consumption and emissions caused by the production of imported goods) are rising more rapidly than production-based emissions in high-income countries. Meanwhile most political measures target production-based emissions (i.e. territorial emissions). The German council for sustainable development (Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung) has called for the §principle of sustainable development [to] serve as the political framework for digital transformation" as "digitalisation has the potential to engender disruptive developments in the business world as well as society as a whole that carry both great opportunities and significant risks". Thus, to implement the 2030 Agenda, in particular SDG 12, and the National Program Sustainable Consumption, it is key to seize the opportunities that digitalisation presents for sustainable consumption and tackle the challenges. This assessment report thus examines the following key question: "What are the implications of the digital transformation of consumption patterns for the implementation of the German sustainability strategy in, by and with Germany?"

Description: This assessment report identifies six key areas of sustainable consumption. Transforming those areas is associated with a significant, positive impact on sustainable development. In this way, those key areas lay the foundation to set clear priorities and formulate concrete policy measures and recommendations. The report describes recent developments and relevant actors in those six fields, outlines drivers and barriers to reach a shift towards more sustainability in those specific areas, and explores international good-practice examples. On top of this, overarching topics in the scientific discourse concerning sustainable consumption (e.g. collaborative economy, behavioural economics and nudging) are revealed by using innovative text-mining techniques. Subsequently, the report outlines the contributions of these research approaches to transforming the key areas of sustainable consumption. Finally, the report derives policy recommendations to improve the German Sustainable Development Strategy (DNS) in order to achieve a stronger stimulus effect for sustainable consumption.

Description: The magnetic field of the Earth varies in space and time. Geomagnetism as research area that aims to describe and understand the sources of these variations is supported by two pillars: first, regular high-precision measurements in the global network of magnetic observatories and repeat stations are necessary to register the field and its variations at all. Second, mathematical methods are required in order to extract magnetic field models from this large data set. Methods applied to data offer insights in the mechanisms generating the magnetic field. This thesis covers both subjects. In a first part, following the description of the state of the art in observatory instrumentation, I explain in detail two instruments that have the potential to streamline the classical procedures: The Geomagnetic AUtomated SyStem GAUSS paves the way to automated absolute measurements, up to now only possible manually. The newly developed DI3 technique improves and simplies the standard manual measurements signicantly and thus reduces the requirements placed on observers. The second part deals with the mathematical tools available for geomagnetic field modelling. I focus on harmonic splines that can be derived from the classical approach of spherical harmonics. These base functions are interpolatory and have a localised shape while satisfying Laplaces equation. Hence, they are applicable to fit data regionally or globally. The harmonic splines are used with a data set made of repeat station and observatory measurements from Southern Africa. This region is of special interest because the field intensity is very low and and both spatial and temporal field gradients exist. Subdivided into an analysis of ancient (years 1961-2001) and recent (2005-2009) data, two continuous regional field models SAMS and X-SAMS are derived. From the analysis of the field models, a better understanding of the field behaviour is gained. Finally, the harmonic splines are used in a case study on globally distributed secular variation data. Rotating the data set in a system of coordinates aligned with the dipole axis and modelling it with the harmonic splines reveals the external origin of observed fast variations.

Description: Accurate precipitation data are essential for assessing the water balance of ecosystems. Methods for point precipitation determination are influenced by wind, precipitation type and intensity and/or technical issues. High-precision weighable lysimeters provide precipitation measurements at ground level that are less affected by wind disturbances and are assumed to be relatively close to actual precipitation. The problem in previous studies was that the biases in precipitation data introduced by different precipitation measurement methods were not comprehensively compared with and quantified on the basis of those obtained by lysimeters in different regions in Germany. The aim was to quantify measurement errors in standard precipitation gauges as compared to the lysimeter reference and to analyze the effect of precipitation correction algorithms on the gauge data quality. Both correction methods rely on empirical constants to account for known external influences on the measurements, following a generic and a site-specific approach. Reference precipitation data were obtained from high-precision weighable lysimeters of the TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories (TERENO)-SOILCan lysimeter network. Gauge types included tipping bucket gauges (TBs), weighable gauges (WGs), acoustic sensors (ASs) and optical laser disdrometers (LDs). From 2015-2018, data were collected at three locations in Germany, and 1 h aggregated values for precipitation above a threshold of 0.1 mm h−1 were compared. The results show that all investigated measurement methods underestimated the precipitation amounts relative to the lysimeter references for long-term precipitation totals with catch ratios (CRs) of between 33 %–92 %. Data from ASs had overall biases of −0.25 to −0.07 mm h−1, while data from WGs and LDs showed the lowest measurement bias (−0.14 to −0.06 mm h−1 and −0.01 to −0.02 mm h−1). Two TBs showed systematic deviations with biases of −0.69 to −0.61 mm h−1, while other TBs were in the previously reported range with biases of −0.2 mm h−1. The site-specific and generic correction schemes reduced the hourly measurement bias by 0.13 and 0.08 mm h−1 for the TBs and by 0.09 and 0.07 mm h−1 for the WGs and increased long-term CRs by 14 % and 9 % and by 10 % and 11 %, respectively. It could be shown that the lysimeter reference operated with minor uncertainties in long-term measurements under different site and weather conditions. The results indicate that considerable precipitation measurement errors can occur even at well-maintained and professionally operated stations equipped with standard precipitation gauges. This generally leads to an underestimation of the actual precipitation amounts. The results suggest that the application of relatively simple correction schemes, manual or automated data quality checks, instrument calibrations, and/or an adequate choice of observation period can help improve the data quality of gauge-based measurements for water balance calculations, ecosystem modeling, water management, assessment of agricultural irrigation needs, or radar-based precipitation analyses.

Description: This governance brief aims to provide practical examples on how investments in urban infrastructure, clean energy, and energy efficiency can be implemented; and how these are embedded in multi-level governance, experimentation, and policy-learning. It draws on examples from the German energy system transition, which can be understood as a large-scale, real-life laboratory for the governance of a sustainability transition of an entire national energy system. The federal state of North-Rhine Westphalia's experience illustrates the complexity of the governance challenge of implementing low-carbon system transitions.

Description: The IUGG Yearbook is a reference document of IUGG members, administrative officers, and Association and Union Commission officers that is updated annually and distributed free of charge. Each issue endeavors to update the contact information for hundreds of persons who are actively participating in IUGG scientific activities. Information is complied throughout the year until end December. The Yearbooks are published and posted at the IUGG webpage at the beginning of the year. The Yearbooks are printed together with the Annual Reports for the preceding year in May and mailed to National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics, Adhering Bodies, IUGG partners, and major libraries.

Description: Dieser Band enthält 26 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1986.

Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 60 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Investigation of the velocity- and Q-structure of the lowermost mantle using 〈i〉PcP〈/i〉/〈i〉P〈/i〉 amplitude ratios from arrays at distances of 70°–84°〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schlittenhardt, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Fast plane-wave and single-shot migration by Fourier transform〈/a〉〈br〉 (Temme, P., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0015.pdf"〉A method of calculating lithosphere thickness from observations of deglacial land uplift and tilt〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wolf, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Volcanoes, fountains, earthquakes, and continental motion – What causes them? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kundt, W., Jessner, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Magnetic properties and oxidation experiments with synthetic olivines〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fe〈sub〉χ〈/sub〉Mg〈sub〉1–χ〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, 0≦χ≦1 (Hoffmann, V., Soffel, H.C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Magnetic mineralogy of basalts from El-Bahnasa and Tahna, Egypt〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wassif, N.A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0020.pdf"〉On the use of line current analogues in geomagnetic depth sounding〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, A.G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Observations of the VLF quiet band phenomenon〈/a〉〈br〉 (Matthews, J.P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0022.pdf"〉In memoriam Gustav Adolf Schulze (1911–1986)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dürschner, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Berckhemer, H., Dieminger, W., Engelhard, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Hydromagnetic waves at low latitudes: a symposium review from the fifth IAGA assembly〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fraser, B.J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Generation and propagation mechanisms of low-latitude magnetic pulsations – A review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Yumoto, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Experimental aspects of low-latitude pulsations - A review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Verö, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0027.pdf"〉GRF broad-band array analysis of the 1982 Miramichi, New Brunswick earthquake sequence〈/a〉〈br〉 (Basham, P.W., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Rockmagnetism and palaeomagnetism of an early Cretaceous/Late Jurassic dike swarm in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bücker, C., Schult, A., Bloch, W., Guerreiro, S.D.C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Second Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling〈/a〉〈br〉 (COSOD II)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jentzsch, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Deep-seated lateral velocity variations beneath the GRF array inferred from mislocation patterns and P residuals〈/a〉〈br〉 (Faber, S., Plomerová, J., Babuška, V.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Lateral variations of the structure of the crust-mantle boundary from conversions of teleseismic 〈i〉P〈/i〉 waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Qiyuan, L., Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Cross spectral analysis of Swabian Jura (SW Germany) three-component microearthquake recordings〈/a〉〈br〉 (Scherbaum, F., Wendler, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0036.pdf"〉The retrieval of the seismic moment tensor from first-order perturbation theory and generation of compatible models〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lana, X., Correig, A.M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Impulsive processes in the magnetotail during substorm expansion〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sergeev, V.A., Bösinger, T., Lui, A.T.Y)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Spatial and temporal characteristics of impulsive structure of magnetospheric substorm〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sergeev, V.A., Pellinen, R.J., Bösinger, T., Baumjohann, W., Stauning, P., Lui, A.T.Y.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismic signal velocity in absorbing media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmidt, T., Müller, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0040.pdf"〉In memoriam Nachruf Professor Ludwig Biermann〈/a〉〈br〉 (Treffitz, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0060/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Book Reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Korn, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: The production of green hydrogen in Germany is more competitive than expected compared to imports. This is the key finding of a meta-analysis conducted by the Wuppertal Institute on behalf of the North Rhine-Westphalia Association for Renewable Energies (Landesverband Erneuerbare Energien NRW). The hydrogen study focuses primarily on the year 2030 and beyond - and confirms the advantages of green hydrogen produced in Germany from domestic renewable energies, especially when the evaluation is viewed from a holistic system perspective.

Description: In this study two aspects of the geomagnetic field have been investigated. The first part focuses on perturbations of the external field, as seen by the CHAMP satellite and predicted by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model, for the purpose of helping to separate out ionospheric sources from the ambient geomagnetic field using a physics based approach. Part two looks at variations of the internal field through an examination of the South Atlantic Anomaly.