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  • 1
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: This book brings together leading scholars and practitioners from around the globe to examine the current roles of and future trends in local government structures and mechanisms in 16 different federal and federal-type countries. In doing so, this volume explores pressing topics such as the institutions of local government, constitutional recognition, financial management, intergovernmental relations, political culture, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the role of local government in federal systems. Contributors to this volume provide a timely and comprehensive account of the integral role local governments play in federal countries and offer fascinating perspectives on how these roles may change as individual federal systems evolve. These individual analyses are contextualized in a comparative perspective in order to gain a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities of various local government dynamics in different regions around the world. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Local governance ; Federalism ; multilevel governance ; comparative ; decentralization ; local government ; countries ; constitutions ; municipalities ; financial management ; intergovernmental relations ; metropolitan areas ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Brazil ; Canada ; Germany ; India ; Mexico ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KF Finance and accounting::KFF Finance and the finance industry::KFFD Public finance and taxation
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In recent decades, levels of childlessness have been increasing rapidly in most European countries. German-speaking countries seem to be at the forefront of this development, as more than 20% of the women living in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria who are now reaching the end of their reproductive period will remain childless. But other European countries, such as the UK and Finland, also report high levels of childlessness. Eastern and Southern Europe did not have high levels of childlessness a decade ago, but are now seeing steady increases. This book provides an overview of the recent trend toward a “life without children” across Europe. It seeks answers to questions like: What are the determinants of childlessness in the twenty-first century? Is there an unbroken trend in childlessness, or is there evidence of trend reversals? How does the likelihood of remaining childless differ across social strata? To what extent do economic uncertainties affect childlessness? How do fertility desires evolve over the life course? To what extent does the situation of a woman’s partner affect her fertility decisions? How far can we push the biological limits of fertility? What role can assisted reproduction play in reducing childlessness? How many men fail to have children of their own? What impact can family policies have on fertility decisions? Can governments reverse the trend toward childlessness—and, if so, should they?
    Keywords: Childlessness ; Demography ; Austria ; Fertility ; Finland ; Germany ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VF Family and health
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The global COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major challenge in all aspects of life, including how graduate training of healthcare practitioners is conducted. In Saudi Arabia, there were over 14,000 graduate health professional trainees in different stages of their training in various specialties distributed in many healthcare facilities across the country. The vast geographical distribution and diversity of health specialties training programs and activities have remarkably magnified the challenge posed by the pandemic. However, recently, the SCFHS implemented a health training governance reform that granted more autonomy to accredited training facilities in supervising training activities according to preset policies. This autonomy was crucial for mitigating various risks imposed by the pandemic, especially during the extended periods of strict lockdown. The ultimate mandate is a knowledge management primer. We need to once again focus on the basics of human creativity and knowledge creation: Create the content/knowledge; Utilize knowledge; Document knowledge; Communicate knowledge; Enable an integrated training, education, and research ecosystem; Utilize the integrated platform. Our volume is a contribution to the scientific debate for the added value of COVID-19 to our training, education, and research capabilities. We continue this debate with a new Special Issue in the Sustainability journal. We look forward to your contributions to this discussion.
    Keywords: job satisfaction ; sustainable health ; medical training ; accreditation ; satisfaction ; health governance ; Saudi Commission for Health Specialties ; smart healthcare ; residents training ; quality ; COVID-19 ; medical education assurance ; training ; governance ; framework ; best practices ; healthcare ; population health research ; public health research ; research methods ; the COVID-19 pandemic ; online education ; online courses ; the satisfaction of students ; higher education ; preventive behaviors ; theory of planned behavior ; subjective norms ; pandemic ; educational process ; digital education ; management change ; student behavior ; student attitude ; organizational speed ; dynamic capability ; ambidexterity ; R&D organization ; young adults ; hybrid learning ; remote teaching ; educational spaces ; tertiary education ; Austria ; mixed methods ; post-digital ; eLearning ; flipped classroom ; ARCS model ; teaching method ; international cooperation ; psychophysiological standard ; professional-defining qualities ; specialist professiogram ; environmental engineer ; employee psychophysiological profile ; psychophysiological status ; education for sustainable development ; MOOCs ; MOOC ; sustainable education ; IS success model ; expectation–confirmation model ; gamification ; continued usage intention ; course performance ; student performance ; Chinese universities ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This study examines the internal discourse on religious education (RE) at two secondary schools in Vienna using a qualitative empirical method. At these schools RE have reached their oraganisational limits. The study has made a major contribution to religious education sensitive to contexts by exploring the most times implicit attitudes towards religion and RE from teachers and from members of the school community board.
    Description: Mit Hilfe eines qualitativ-empirischen Verfahrens untersucht diese Studie den schulinternen Diskurs um den Religionsunterricht an zwei höheren Schulen Wiens, an denen dieser organisatorisch an Grenzen gerät. Die Studie leistet einen wertvollen Beitrag zu einer kontextsensiblen Religionspädagogik, indem sie die vielfach impliziten Einstellungen zu Religion und Religionsunterricht von Lehrkräften und Mitgliedern des Schulgemeinschaftsausschusses erforscht.
    Keywords: religious education ; religious studies ; relgious diversity ; teacher ; denominational religious education ; Religionspädagogik ; religiöse Vielfalt ; religiöse Bildung ; konfessioneller Religionsunterricht ; Religionslehrer ; schulinterner Diskurs ; Austria ; Catholic Church ; Ethics ; Islam ; Multiculturalism ; Muslims ; Protestantism ; Vienna ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Pluto Press | Pluto Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: A People's History of the Second World War unearths the fascinating history of the war as fought 'from below'. Until now, the vast majority of historical accounts have focussed on the conflict between the Allied and Axis powers for imperialist mastery. Donny Gluckstein shows that in fact between 1939 and 1945 two distinct wars were fought – one ‘from above’ and one ‘from below’. Using examples from countries under the Nazi heel, in the colonies and within the Axis and Allied camps, Gluckstein brings to life the very different struggle of the people's and resistance movements which proliferated during the war. He shows how they fought not just fascism, but colonialism and empire, and were betrayed by the Allies at the war’s end. This book will fundamentally challenge our understanding of the Second World War – both about the people who fought it and the reasons for which it was fought.
    Keywords: History ; Second World War ; History ; Empire ; People's History ; Nazi Germany ; Fascism ; Colonialism ; Resistance Movements ; Greece ; Yugoslavia ; Poland ; Latvia ; France ; Italy ; USA ; Germany ; Austria ; Vietnam ; Indonesia ; ww2 ; wwii ; Imperialism ; Nazism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: When the cold war was over, a vehement discussion of the new alternatives in security policy started in almost all former Warsaw-Pact States and in the neutral and nonaligned nations, Austria and Hungary among the latter. These nations' entry into the NATO has been the pivotal question. These discussions were the subject of comparative research that was done in Hungary and Austria. The results are presented in the book "NATO, Neutrality and National Identity - the Case of Ausria and Hungary". The book does not focus on the manifold security problems that the concerned nations' joining of NATO would entail but deals with the discourses and debates on neutrality and NATO. The argumentation strategies that were applied in these discourses and debates touch on important motives of national identity and are thus creating identity. Moreover, the NATO discussion is a discussion on security policy and national identity at the same time. The authors' intention was to clarify the dimension relating to identity in the NATO discussion by analyzing the argumentation strategies that were used by the advocates and opponents of NATO membership and the reception of typical arguments in various public opinions. In many cases the argumentation strategies are based on historicizing ways of thinking which claim that there are historical reasons for choosing either of the alternatives (NATO or neutrality). In Hungary, discussions focus on the question whether Hungary is historically an organic part of Europe or whether its own identity will only materialize if the nation adopts a special course between the western and the eastern world. In Austria, the consequences of a potential renunciation of neutrality, one of the most important elements of modern Austrian identity, has been made a subject of passionate discussion. The book analyzes the issues of creating identity by discussion both from a historical-sociological standpoint and from the angle of discourse analysis. The individual chapters deal with comparative studies of the change and upheaval in the national identities in Hungary and Austria. Although these specific analyses are intended to be case studies, they allow generalizations on all of central Europe. The individual corpora (opinion surveys, political speeches, focus groups, talk-shows, newspapers), having been selected so as to ensure comparability, are subjected to a comparative and interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation. Following the introduction - problems are defined from the standpoint of history and political science - the complex discourses from focus group discussions and the outcomes of opinion surveys are presented and analyzed, and newspapers, TV talk-shows and speeches held on days of remembrance are presented applying the methods of discourse analysis. Against this backdrop a comprehensive picture of the identity discourses develops. In the introduction and concluding remarks the two editors draw theoretical and methodical conclusions for interdisciplinary and comparative studies.
    Description: Nach dem Ende des kalten Krieges entfalteten sich heftige Diskussionen über die neuen sicherheitspolitischen Alternativen fast in allen Ländern des ehemaligen Warschauer Paktes und in den neutralen und blockfreien Staaten, unter ihnen in Österreich und in Ungarn. Zentraler Punkt der Diskussion ist der Beitritt der betroffenen Länder zur NATO. Diese Diskussionen bildeten den Gegenstand einer vergleichenden Forschung in Ungarn und Österreich, aus der das Buch "NATO, Neutrality and National Identity - the Case of Austria and Hungary" entstand. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches stehen nicht die vielfältigen sicherheitspolitischen Probleme des NATO-Beitritts der betroffenen Länder. Vielmehr sind es die Diskurse und Debatten über Neutralität und NATO, womit sich die Beiträge des Buches beschäftigen. Die in ihnen angewandten Argumentationsstrategien betreffen wichtige Momente nationaler Identität und sind demnach identitätskonstruierend. Die NATO-Diskussion ist daher gleichzeitig eine sicherheitspolitische und identitätspolitische Diskussion. Die Absicht der Autoren war es, die identitätspolitische Dimension der NATO-Diskussion durch eine Analyse der von den Befürwortern und Gegnern der NATO-Mitgliedschaft angewandten Argumentationsstrategien und der Rezeption typischer Argumente in vielfachen Öffentlichkeiten zu klären. Die Argumentationsstrategien der Diskussionspartner beruhen häufig auf historisierenden Topoi, die eine Wahl zwischen den bestehenden Alternativen (NATO und Neutralität) historisch begründen wollen. In Ungarn steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt der Diskussion, ob Ungarn historisch organischer Bestandteil von Europa ist oder es seine eigene Identität nur mittels eines, zwischen der westlichen und östlichen Welt laufenden Sonderweges, verwirklichen kann. In Österreich werden heftig die Konsequenzen der möglichen Aufgabe der Neutralität, einer der wichtigsten Bestandteile der modernen österreichischen Identität thematisiert. Das Buch analysiert sowohl aus einer historisch-soziologischen Sicht, als auch aus diskursanalytischer Perspektive die Fragen der diskursiven Identitätskonstruktion. Die Kapiteln sind vergleichenden Studien zum Wandel und Umbruch nationaler Identitäten in Ungarn und Österreich gewidmet. Diese spezifischen Analysen sind zwar als "case studies" gedacht, lassen aber Generalisierungen auf den mitteleuropäischen Raum zu. Die Einzelcorpora (Meinungsumfragen, politische Reden, Fokusgruppen, Talkshows, Zeitungen) werden komparativ und interdisziplinär analysiert und interpretiert, die Corpora sind auch in Bezug auf eine Vergleichbarkeit erhoben worden. Nach einleitenden historischen und politikwissenschaftlichen Darstellungen der Problemlagen in beiden Ländern werden daher die komplexen Diskurse aus Fokusgruppendiskussionen und die Ergebnisse aus Meinungsumfragen vorgestellt und analysiert, Zeitungen, TV-Talkshows und Reden zu Gedenktagen diskursanalytisch aufgearbeitet. Auf diesem Hintergrund entsteht ein breites Bild der Identitätsdiskurse. In einer Einleitung und in den Schlussbemerkungen ziehen die beiden Herausgeber theoretische und methodische Konsequenzen für interdisziplinäre und komparative Studien.
    Keywords: NATO ; Neutrality ; National Identity ; Austria ; Europe ; European Union ; Hungary ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The monograph describes the history of the Polish diaspora in the Habsburg monarchy in the historical, institutional, legal, political, and organizational context. In the period of the Dual Monarchy (1867–1918), the Poles who lived under the Austro-Hungarian regime sought to influence the fate of their nation and state primarily through an active involvement in parliamentary life and state administration. The study of the social and political activity of the Poles in the Austrian partition reveals their political heritage, which influenced not only the Polish idea of patriotism but also the formation of the Polish political culture rooted in the European tradition of parliamentarism and constitutionalism.
    Keywords: 1867–1918 ; Anna ; Austria ; Burzyński ; Dorota ; Dual ; Fazan ; Gałecki ; Jarosław ; Kochalska ; Lewandowska ; Life ; Litwin ; Łukasz ; Monarchy ; parliamentarism ; patriotism ; Period ; Poles ; Polish ; Polish diaspora ; Polish-Austrian relations ; Political ; political culture ; Reason ; State ; state administration ; Wasak ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "Combining history of science and a history of universities with the new imperial history, Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space by Jan Surman analyzes the practice of scholarly migration and its lasting influence on the intellectual output in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire. The Habsburg Empire and its successor states were home to developments that shaped Central Europe's scholarship well into the twentieth century. Universities became centers of both state- and nation-building, as well as of confessional resistance, placing scholars if not in conflict, then certainly at odds with the neutral international orientation of academe.
    Keywords: History ; Austria ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Hamburg University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The German-Danish War of 1864 has been extensively investigated in the literature -as far as the major political and military events are concerned. The civilian population, the civil administration and the national movements during the war, as well as the economic consequences and the formation of identities after the war, have been more or less neglected. In order to change this, German and Danish historians have written this book. It is the result of a German-Danish conference organized by the the federal state archives in Schleswig and Aabenraa.
    Keywords: German-Danish War 1864 ; Schleswig ; Holstein ; Denmark ; Prussia ; Austria ; civilian population ; civil administration ; national movements ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German , Danish
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  • 10
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Lottaz, Iwama, and their contributors investigate the role of neutral and nonaligned European states during the negotiations for the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Focusing on the years from the Irish Resolution of 1958 until the treaty’s opening for signatures ten years later, the nine chapters written by area experts highlight the processes and reasons for the political and diplomatic actions the neutrals took, and how those impacted the multilateral treaty negotiations. The book reveals new aspects of the dynamics that lead to this most consequential multilateral breakthrough of the Cold War. In part one, three chapters analyze the international system from a bird’s eye perspective, discussing neutrality, nonalignment, and the nuclear order. The second part features six detailed case studies on the politics and diplomacy of Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, and Yugoslavia. Overall, this study suggests that despite the volatile and dangerous nature of the early Cold War, the balance of the strategic environment enabled actors that were not part of one or the other alliance system to play a role in the interlocking global politics that finally created the nuclear regime that defines international relations until today. A valuable resource for scholars of nonproliferation, the Cold War, neutrality, nonalignment, and area studies.
    Keywords: Nuclear ; Neutral ; Non-aligned ; Nonproliferation ; NATO ; Cold War ; Ireland ; Sweden ; Austria ; Switzerland ; Yugoslavia ; Finland ; NPT Negotiation ; Nuclear Disarmament ; NPT Process ; FRG ; West Germany ; Nuclear Weapons ; NPT Regime ; Global Nuclear Order ; Nuclear Order ; NPT Review Conference ; Irish Resolution ; Nonaligned Nations ; NATO Strategy ; UAR ; Nonaligned Countries ; FCMA Treaty ; Nordic Nuclear Weapon Free Zone ; NPT State Party ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: English
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