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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues  (1,130)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine  (997)
  • English  (2,101)
  • Italian  (26)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Radio communications in the range of 60 GHz enable multi-Gigabit/s network access in indoor environments. Due to the propagation characteristics of such signals only very short range radio transmission is feasible. In order to distribute these signals across large distances, analog transmission over optical fiber is considered. In this work, mode-locked laser diodes serve as optoelectronic oscillators for the generation of such signals. Their system-relevant properties are studied in detail.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; millimeter wave communications ; mode-locked lasers ; wireless personal area networks ; radio-over-fiber ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book is comprised of important reviews and cutting-edge original research papers concerning electrospun and electrosprayed formulations in drug delivery. Electrospinning and electrospraying have, in recent years, attracted increasing attention in the pharmaceutical sector, with research in the area advancing rapidly. It is now possible to prepare extremely complex systems using multi-fluid processes, and to increase production rates to an industrial scale. Electrospun formulations can be produced under GMP conditions and are in clinical trials. In this volume, we explore a range of topics around electrospinning and electrospraying in controlled drug delivery. Four reviews cover the exciting potential of cyclodextrin-containing fibers and the many potential biomedical applications of electrospun fibers. The use of electrospinning to prepare amorphous systems and improve the dissolution rate and solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients is addressed, and the possibilities of such materials in tissue engineering are comprehensively covered. The six original research papers cover the effect of molecular properties on API release from Eudragit-based electrospun fibers; ferulic acid solid dispersions; electrospun medicines to treat psoriasis; scale up of electrospinning and its use to produce low-dose tablets; transepithelial permeation of drugs released from electrospun fibers, and the possibilities for the synergistic chemophotothermal treatment of cancer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; tissue engineering ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; poly (vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) ; crystalline ; antibacterial ; drug delivery ; homogenization ; capsaicin ; combination therapy ; high-shear mixing ; cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; amorphous ; high-speed electrospinning ; PMVE/MA ; aqueous solubility enhancement ; sieve analysis ; Raman mapping ; Eudragit ; nanofibers ; psoriasis ; PCL ; essential oils ; parameters ; antibiotics ; xanthan gum ; carvedilol ; amorphous composite ; coaxial electrospinning ; insoluble drug ; NIR-triggered drug release ; fast dissolution ; electrospinning ; oral drug delivery ; electrospun nanofibers ; poly-cyclodextrin ; TRPV1 ; gallic acid ; solid dispersion ; photothermal therapy ; drug release ; applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Fluid intake has barely been assessed, and hydration status has only rarely been measured in epidemiological studies. This hampers attempts to assess the adequacy of water intake at a population level. However, although guidelines have been established to determine how much water humans require to avoid dehydration and to optimize physical and psychological function, limited data are available on the total water and beverages intake. Therefore, the percentage of population with inadequate water intake is unknown. There is a clear need for studies in different settings around the world that quantify total water and beverage intake and explore associations between types of beverages consumed and energy intake.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Adequate hydration ; Beverages consumption ; Water and energy intake ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint concerns topics on chemical, functional, and technological features of wheats to obtain wheat-based foods improved in phytochemicals. Genetic materials, from landraces to ancient and modern wheat varieties, characterized for their content of bioactive compounds, were exploited to produce superior staple foods. The study of other species allowed to identify functional ingredients, in wholemeals or in their by-products, useful in the enrichment of formulations for various cereal-based products. Further, in the optic of circular economy, it is of great interest the extraction of bioactive components from food processing waste belonging to the other crops to functionalize final products.
    Keywords: durum wheat ; diversity ; pigmented cereals ; phytochemicals ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; protein ; gluten ; wheat aleurone ; dietary fibre ; extraction process ; antioxidant ; bread ; arabinoxylans ; bakery ; biologically active substances ; DPPH assay ; nutritional value ; sensory properties ; pasta fortification ; hemp flour ; durum wheat cultivar ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; mineral fortification ; brewers’ spent grain ; bread-making ; circular economy ; common wheat ; emmer ; phenolics ; proteins ; sustainable food production ; bread wheat ; spelt ; fibre ; metabolites ; minerals ; fertilisation ; health benefits ; colour ; farinograph ; rheofermentograph ; viscoelastic behaviour ; bread shelf life ; crumb porosity ; cereals ; wholemeal ; biscuits ; phenolic acid compositions ; carotenoids ; consumer acceptance ; wheat quality ; genetic resources ; ancient wheat ; avocado wastes/by-products ; functional bread ; lactic acid bacteria ; sourdough ; peels ; pulp ; seeds ; polyphenols ; antioxidant properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the fascination with shape memory alloys (SMAs) has grown across industries such as aerospace, automotive, naval, civil, and biology. SMAs possess unique properties, including the ability to recover from deformation when heated, exhibit pseudoelastic stress-strain behavior for large deformations, and exceptional biocompatibility for bioengineering applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of critical characteristics like transformation temperature and stress values is necessary to fully utilize SMAs. The shape memory effect, where SMAs regain their original shape after deformation under specific thermal conditions, has driven innovative applications in various sectors. In aerospace, SMAs are used in wing structures and actuation systems, enabling morphing and improving aerodynamics. In healthcare, they are integrated into orthopedic devices, simplifying surgical procedures and providing necessary support. The automotive industry also benefits from SMAs, using them in seatbelts and vibration damping systems for enhanced safety and comfort. Accurate knowledge of critical characteristics is essential for effective utilization of SMAs, unlocking their potential in different fields. The remarkable versatility of SMAs, with their deformation recovery, pseudoelasticity, and biocompatibility, positions them as a material of immense interest. As research and development continue, SMAs are poised to drive future innovations, shaping various industries.
    Keywords: shape memory alloy (SMAs) ; shape memory effect (SME) ; superelasticity ; smart materials ; constitutive models ; simulation and modeling ; smart devices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mg alloy is the lightest metallic structural material and possesses the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetism shield, good damping capacity, good machinability, and easy recycling, etc. Therefore, it has extremely broad application prospects and has drawn considerable interest in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrical appliances, transportation, aerospace, and aviation. In addition, Mg alloys are gradually showing application potential in emerging industries, serving as biodegradable metals in the biomedical field, functional material for hydrogen storage, and so on. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Research Progress in High-Performance Magnesium Alloy and Its Applications”, presents recent developments and excellent results in the field of Mg alloys, and includes 10 articles and one editorial covering some interesting aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: grain refinement ; high strength and toughness ; {10–12} twin ; Mg-Gd-Y alloy ; multidirectional impact forging ; Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca ; Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase ; corrosion behaviors ; SKPFM ; boride ; MgB2 ; mechanical alloying ; ignition ; combustion ; flame temperature ; magnesium alloy ; biocompatibility ; surface coating modification ; corrosion resistance ; implantable bio-metal materials ; filler material ; welding ; scandium ; microstructure modification ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; texture ; stretch formability ; high temperature cross-rolling ; annealing ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; cold metal transfer ; Al-Mg alloys ; orthogonal experiment ; Mg-Bi-Ca alloy ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; dynamic recrystallization kinetics ; Mg alloy ; twinning ; random orientation ; compression ; room temperature ; backward extrusion ; tensile strength ; failure mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate a set of neural functions. Perturbation in this brain-immune interactions due to inflammatory responses may lead to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Microglia are one of the essential cells involved in the brain-immune interactions. Microglial cells are now not simply regarded as resident tissue macrophages in the brain. These cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the yolk sac in early gestation, travel to the brain parenchyma and interact actively with neurons during the critical period of neurogenesis. Microglia provide a trophic support to developing neurons and take part in the neural wiring through the activity-dependent synapse elimination via direct neuron-microglia interactions. Altered microglial functions including changes in the gene expression due to early life inflammatory events or psychological and environmental stressors can be causally related to neurodevelopmental diseases and mental health disorders. This type of alterations in the neural functions can occur in the absence of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain parenchyma or leptomeninges. In this sense, the pathogenetic state underlying a significant part of psychiatric and neurological diseases may be similar to “para-inflammation”, an intermediate state between homeostatic and classical inflammatory states as defined by Ruslan Medzhitov (Nature 454:428-35, 2008). Therefore, it is important to study how systemic inflammation affects brain health and how local peripheral inflammation induces changes in the brain microenvironment. Chronic pain is also induced by disturbance in otherwise well-organized multisystem interplay comprising of reciprocal neural, endocrine and immune interactions. Especially, early-life insults including exposure to immune challenges can alter the neuroanatomical components of nociception, which induces altered pain response later in life. Recently the discrete roles of microglia and blood monocyte-derived macrophages are being defined. The distinction may be further highlighted by disorders in which the brain parenchymal tissue is damaged. Therefore, studies investigating the dynamics of immune cells in traumatic brain injury and neurotropic viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus, etc. as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are promising to clarify the interplay between the central nervous and immune systems. The understanding of the histological architecture providing the infrastructure of such neuro-immune interplay is also essential. This Frontiers research topic brings together fourteen articles and aims to create a platform for researchers in the field of psychoneuroimmunology to share the recent theories, hypotheses and future perspectives regarding open questions on the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions with chemical mediators among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. We hope that this platform would reveal the relevance of the studies on multisystem interactions to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; RC581-607 ; brain-immune interaction ; fatigue ; pain ; HIV ; neuroinflammation ; traumatic brain injury ; depression ; microglia ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; autism ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Papers collected in the present Special Issue relate to the field of sericulture. They cover different aspects based on a very ancient human agricultural activity, taking into consideration classical agronomic aspects, such as the impact of feeding on silk quality and sericulture in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, cutting edge topics are addressed as well, with papers studying silk as a biomaterial, the silkworm as a model organism, and the possibility of exploring its physiology and the molecular mechanisms that stand behind it with the aid of modern tools such as gene profiling, the CRISPR/Cas-9 system, and -omics sciences.
    Keywords: silkworm ; Bombyx mori ; transcriptome analysis ; RNA-seq ; gene model transcriptional factor ; Cutibacterium acnes ; infection ; antibacterial drugs ; polyamines ; cell cycle progression ; Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; sequencing analysis ; qPCR ; pathogenicity difference ; maternal mRNAs ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; pupa ; wandering ; fibroin ; sericin ; chrysalis ; diabetes ; hydrogen sulfide ; transcriptome ; differentially expressed genes ; expression pattern ; silk ; supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation ; nanofiller ; CRISPR-Cas ; silkworms ; genome engineering ; insect biotechnology ; entomology ; sericulture ; agroindustry ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ; mulberry ; moriculture ; germplasm preservation ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; gut microbiota ; co-expression network analysis ; silk protein ; transcription factor ; Eri silkworm ; pentose-utilizing microbe ; lactic acid bacteria ; probiotic ; Eri culture ; silk fibroin ; SILKBridge® nerve conduit ; performance testing ; biocompatibility ; toxicology ; regulatory requirements ; quality requirements ; control manufacturing ; green material ; biomaterial ; 3D scaffolds ; cancer therapy ; bibliometric analysis ; mulberry silkworm pupae ; nutritional composition ; silk gland ; infection model ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; insect immune response ; antimicrobial compounds ; glycopeptide antibiotics ; vancomycin ; teicoplanin ; dalbavancin ; mulberry leaves ; chemical composition ; feeding experiment ; bacterial microbiome ; BmNPV ; Bombyx mori L. ; non-timber forest product ; livelihood ; Indonesia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development.
    Keywords: metallurgical slag-based binders ; solidification/stabilisation ; As(III) ; As(V) ; calcium hydroxide ; sublevel caving ; numerical simulation ; physical model ; structural parameter ; green mining ; limestone ; high temperature ; confining pressure ; SHPB ; constitutive model ; open-pit mine ; PLAXIS 3D ; dynamic load ; safety factor ; acceleration ; particle sedimentation ; filling mining ; degree of influence ; pipeline transportation ; solid waste utilization ; tailings ; reclamation risk ; hazard identification ; complex network ; hazard management ; digital mine ; mine short-term production planning ; haulage equipment dispatch plan ; ABCA ; NSGA ; settlement velocity measurement ; K-means ; tailings backfill ; unsupervised learning ; cemented paste backfill ; ESEM ; picture processing ; floc networks ; pumping agent ; fractal dimension ; backfill slurry ; strength of cemented backfill ; inhomogeneity of cemented backfill ; cemented tailings backfill ; copper ; zinc ; recovery ; sulfide concentrate ; artificial microbial community ; granular backfill ; bearing characteristics ; numerical model ; particle size ; surface subsidence ; blasting dust movement ; dust concentration ; particle size distribution ; blasting dust reduction ; backfill ; metal mine ; log-sigmoid ; tailings pond ; regional distribution ; dam break ; accident statistics ; causation analysis ; backfilling ; increasing resistance and reducing pressure ; computational fluid dynamics ; spiral pipe ; stowing gradient ; coal-based solid waste ; orthogonal experiment ; strength development ; regression analysis ; engineering performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins are critical mediators of DNA repair. Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant cells. Recent evidence suggests that cancers within and across tissue types have specific defects in DNA repair pathways, and that these defects may predispose for sensitivity and resistance to various classes of cytotoxic agents. Breast, ovarian and other cancers develop in the setting of inherited DNA repair deficiency, and these cancers may be more sensitive to cytotoxic agents that induce DNA strand breaks, as well as to inhibitors of PARP activity. A series of recent clinical trials has tested whether PARP inhibitors can achieve synthetic lethality in hereditary DNA repair-deficient tumors. At the current time, mutation of BRCA serves as a potential, but not comprehensive, biomarker to predict response to PARP inhibitor therapy. Mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors are only recently being uncovered. Future studies seek to identify sporadic cancers that harbor genomic instability rendering susceptibility to PARP inhibitors that compound lethal DNA damage.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC254-282 ; DNA reapir ; PARP inhibitor ; Homologous Recombination ; combination therapy ; DNA Damage ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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