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  • economic inequality  (13)
  • Firenze University Press  (13)
  • English  (13)
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  • 1
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    Chapter Wealth inequalities in cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and their changes during the seventeenth century. Sources and methods of measure (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: I would like to determine the evolution of wealth concentration in main cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by comparing the data from different benchmark years. Moreover, I will analyze whether the Gini coefficient value indeed refers to the communities who are at a threshold of economic growth, and what is the correlation between the value of the coefficient and the town or city’s economic situation. Also, it is worthwhile to ponder the question: is there any correlation – noted by both Jan Luiten van Zanden and Guido Alfani – whereby the larger the town/city, the more visible the inequalities. Finally, how do the towns/cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth compare to those in Western Europe.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; Polish economic history ; Poland ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter Regional variation in the distribution of property rights over land in sixteenth-century Ottoman rural Manisa (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Concentrating on the Western Anatolian district of Manisa and employing tax surveys dating 1575, this study points to the regional variation in property rights institutions, which resulted in different inequality regimes across space. Empirical evidence suggests the existence of two agricultural production systems characterized by different property and surplus relations, in the southern and northern parts of the district in the late sixteenth century. Accordingly, inequality structures in these areas reflected region-specific patterns of property rights distribution within and across direct producers and landlords’ classes.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; ottoman state ; Manisa ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Measuring urban inequalities. Spatial patterns of service access in sixteenth-century Leiden (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This contribution develops a broader understanding of well-being in premodern towns and by using digital methods to map social and economic inequalities, thereby drawing on insights from research on socio-spatial equity from urban studies. The key questions are how socio-economic inequality was reflected in the urban social topography and to what extent these spatial patterns reproduced inequality. Taking sixteenth-century Leiden as a case study, the spatial patterns of economic inequality and social segregation in this town are first examined. Next, the level of location-based inequality is explored by mapping and calculating urban spatial patterns of service accessibility.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; low countries ; leiden ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter A study of economic inequality in the light of fiscal sources: the case of Catalonia (14th-18th centuries) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This essay aims to present the first results of an ongoing research project devoted to study the evolution of the economic inequality in Catalonia based on different documentary sources and parameters. Here we focus on the strengths and limits of the rich fiscal sources preserved between the 14th and 18th century allowing us an analysis of inequality. This study is limited to the period before 1716 because we do not consider totally reliable connecting data from taxes before this moment, essentially focused on immovable wealth, with those from the Cadastre, which was levied on a wide range of incomes.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; spanish economic history ; Catalonia ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: In contrast to the debates of the past, which focused mainly on income inequality and the related elements of injustice, the recent interest in economic inequality focuses on its effects on economic growth and social development. New research is an important element of these recent debates: a historical approach that contextualizes inequality with reference to social relations, institutions, access to power and its cultural legitimacy can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to inequality and its effects.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; pre-industrial economic history ; european history ; wealth distribution ; income distribution ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter Inequality in Early Modern Spain: New evidence from the Ensenada Cadastre in Castile, c. 1750 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This chapter addresses income inequality by offering new evidence based on the Ensenada Cadastre, a unique database on Castilian households circa 1750. We find that inequality in 18th-century Spain was substantial, especially in urban and/or highly populated areas. There was also a positive – but somewhat weaker – relationship not only between inequality and per capita income but also between inequality and poverty. We posit that extreme economic inequality was likely responsible for numerous episodes of social conflict. Finally, the extent of formalized charity and social spending was less than in other Western European regions.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; spanish economic history ; Iberian peninsula ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter Economic inequality in preindustrial Europe, 1300-1800: methods and results from the EINITE project (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This article provides an overview of the research done in recent years by the ERC-funded projects EINITE-Economic Inequality across Italy and Europe 1300-1800, and SMITE-Social Mobility and Inequality across Italy and Europe 1300-1800. It begins by discussing the sources available for reconstructing preindustrial economic inequality, especially in Italy, then it provides an overview of the methods which have been developed to produce reliable and homogenous information about inequality levels and trends. The method developed by EINITE to produce measures or distributions representative of broader aggregates (regions or entire states) is also discussed, as well as the techniques that can be employed to explore in a meaningful way such distributions to answer relevant historical questions.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; pre-industrial age ; wealth distribution ; european economic history
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter Measuring economic inequality in Southern Europe: the Iberian Peninsula in the 14th-17th centuries (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This work explores the inequality of wealth in Spain during the late Middle Ages from six cities located in the kingdoms of Castile (Seville) and the Crown of Aragon (Barcelona, Valencia, Mallorca, Castelló and Valls), through tax sources that inform about the wealth of each taxpayer. These records provide very precise data on the wealth distribution that allow us to study inequality in an aggregate manner for the same city and, at the same time, perform sectoral analyses according to gender, different socio-professio¬nal groups and urban districts.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; spanish economic history ; Iberian peninsula ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter Welfare and demography in the time of Malthus. Regional and local variations in poor relief and population developments in Flanders, c. 1750-1810 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Flanders represents a particularly interesting region for research that aims to investigate the development of socio-economic inequalities at the local and regional level. The relationship between and effects of structural socio-economic characteristics on the one hand and micro-level variations on the other hand remain unclear. The data collected by the STREAM project (streamproject.ugent.be) together with its tailored geographical information system (GIS) allow us to explore these relationships for the rural parishes of early modern Flanders. In this chapter we examine spatial patterns in poor relief and demographic behaviour and how these were interrelated.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; low countries ; flanders ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Wealth inequality in Catalonia, 1400-1800. Sources, data and a case study (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This work is part of the research carried out within the EINITE and SMITE projects for the case of Catalonia. In this chapter, firstly, a brief state of the art of research carried out in recent years on the evolution of economic inequality in the pre-industrial world is traced. Subsequently, through the previously existing literature and the study of the empirical evidence compiled for this work, the characteristics of the fiscal sources available for some Catalan localities, i.e. the books of estimes, vàlues or manifests, and the sample of localities studied in the EINITE/SMITE projects are described in detail. The second part of the work focuses on the analysis of a case study, the town of Balaguer.
    Keywords: economic inequality ; economic history ; spanish economic history ; Catalonia ; pre-industrial age
    Language: English
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