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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-linear Langevin model of geomorphic erosion processes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Recent spectral studies of vertical transect profiles of landscapes and mountains have shown them to be self-affine fractals, i.e. the rms height fluctuation Δh(L) averaged over a distance L scales as Δh(L)∼Lx with X≈ 0.5 ± 0.1, related to the fractal dimension Df= 2 -X≈ 1.5 of the horizontal contours. We propose that self-affine rough landscapes are created by the interplay of non-linearity and noise. To illustrate this idea and model the formation of such structures, we suggest a non-linear stochastic equation ∂h/∂t=DΔ2h+λ(Δh)2+ν(r, t), which is the generalization of the deterministic Culling's linear equation. The non-linear term λ(Δh)2 comes from the requirement that erosion is proportional to the exposed area of the landscape; the noise term ν(r, t) accounts for the fact that erosion is locally irregular, as a result of the heterogeneity of soils and distribution of storms. Using this general framework, we recover the scaling law Δh(L∼Lx with X≥ 0.4. Several novel avenues of research emerge from this analysis to further quantify geological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb00894.x
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  • 2
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    UV-Enhanced Gas-Solid Chlorination of Polyvinyl Chloride for Cleaner Production of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-20
    Description: A vibrated-bed reactor with an online UV-Vis measuring system was established in order to reveal the dynamic process of UV-enhanced chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Influences of temperature, radiation time, and interval time of intermittent initiation on chlorination process as well as the overlapping enhanced effect of adjacent UV radiations were analyzed. By properly controlling the intermittent UV radiation, one can obtain a considerable steady reaction rate during the chlorination process to avoid the temperature runaway due to over-accelerated reaction. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance identified the microstructure change of chlorinated PVC particles. The whiteness value after thermal aging was determined to uncover the relationship between thermal stability and double-bond content, where the results accorded with the related theory on polymer dehydrochlorination. A vibrated-bed reactor with an online UV-Vis measuring system is proposed in order to analyze the influences of temperature and UV radiation modes on enhanced gas-solid chlorination of polyvinyl chloride. Solid-state 13 C-NMR and whiteness value after thermal aging demonstrate the relationship between thermal stability of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride products and reaction conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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