Publication Date:
2024-05-22
Description:
Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect primary producers. Here we investigated the impact of elevated pCO2 on paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin (PST) content and composition in two strains of Alexandrium tamarense, Alex5 and Alex2. Experiments were carried out as dilute batch to keep carbonate chemistry unaltered over time. We observed only minor changes with respect to growth and elemental composition in response to elevated pCO2. For both strains, the cellular PST content, and in particular the associated cellular toxicity, was lower in the high CO2 treatments. In addition, Alex5 showed a shift in its PST composition from a nonsulfated analogue towards less toxic sulfated analogues with increasing pCO2. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that the ability of A. tamarense to maintain cellular homeostasis is predominantly regulated on the post-translational level rather than on the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, genes associated to secondary metabolite and amino acid metabolism in Alex5 were down-regulated in the high CO2 treatment, which may explain the lower PST content. Elevated pCO2 also induced up-regulation of a putative sulfotransferase sxtN homologue and a substantial down-regulation of several sulfatases. Such changes in sulfur metabolism may explain the shift in PST composition towards more sulfated analogues. All in all, our results indicate that elevated pCO2 will have minor consequences for growth and elemental composition, but may potentially reduce the cellular toxicity of A. tamarense.
Keywords:
Alexandrium tamarense; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Category; Cell density; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total; Cellular paralytic shellfish toxin, total, standard deviation; Chromista; Coulometric titration; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2; Di-sulfated toxins C1+C2, standard deviation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene abundance; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Gonyautoxins 1/4; Gonyautoxins 1/4, standard deviation; Gonyautoxins 2/3; Gonyautoxins 2/3, standard deviation; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Neosaxitoxin; Neosaxitoxin, standard deviation; Neurotoxin saxitoxin; Neurotoxin saxitoxin, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation; Particulate organic carbon production per cell; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Salinity; Single species; Species; Strain; Table; Temperature, water; Time in days; Toxicity, cellular; Toxicity, cellular, standard deviation
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 6500 data points
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