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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-24
    Description: In the marine realm, microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of primary production, thereby sustaining marine life across all trophic levels. Longhurst provinces have distinct microbial fingerprints; however, little is known about how microbial diversity and primary productivity change at finer spatial scales. Here, we sampled the Atlantic Ocean from south to north (~50°S–50°N), every ~0.5° latitude. We conducted measurements of primary productivity, chlorophyll-a and relative abundance of 16S and 18S rRNA genes, alongside analyses of the physicochemical and hydrographic environment. We analysed the diversity of autotrophs, mixotrophs and heterotrophs, and noted distinct patterns among these guilds across provinces with high and low chlorophyll-a conditions. Eukaryotic autotrophs and prokaryotic heterotrophs showed a shared inter-province diversity pattern, distinct from the diversity pattern shared by mixotrophs, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic heterotrophs. Additionally, we calculated samplewise productivity-specific length scales, the potential horizontal displacement of microbial communities by surface currents to an intrinsic biological rate (here, specific primary productivity). This scale provides key context for our trophically disaggregated diversity analysis that we could relate to underlying oceanographic features. We integrate this element to provide more nuanced insights into the mosaic-like nature of microbial provincialism, linking diversity patterns to oceanographic transport through primary production.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Isotropic three-dimensional (3-D) inversion has become a standard tool in the interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data. 3-D anisotropic inversion codes are under development, yet the number of unknowns increases by a factor of 6 rendering the problem extremely ill-posed. The presence of anisotropy is usually inferred from (i) spurious sequences of conductive and resistive bodies or (ii) comparison with two-dimensional anisotropic modelling approaches. Here, we investigate the 3-D structure of the Gawler Craton down to ∼250 km depth using 282 sites of the AusLAMP array located in the southern half of South Australia. Inversions of the MT impedance as phase tensors and real and imaginary parts result in diverging structures at depths 〉 70 km. We demonstrate that a unifying model that explains all data types similarly well is suggestive of an anisotropic resistivity structure at the base of the Gawler Craton lithosphere at depths of 120–210 km. Depth location and orientation of the anisotropy agree well with results from the analysis of seismic receiver functions. We suggest that electric anisotropy in the Gawler Craton is a result of lattice-preferred orientation of olivine crystals and metasomatic processes with macroscopic preferential orientation. Our results illustrate that inversion of phase tensor data is superior for the direct imaging of anisotropic resistivity contrasts in otherwise isotropic resistivity models; inversion models obtained with impedances may miss such structures. “Comparable” overall RMS misfits are often meaningless when comparing inversion results for various data types since sensitivities differ between data types. Reliable inversion results consistent with the entire data set can only be recovered if data fits are assessed systematically for all data representations. We also discuss the influence of error settings for phase tensors on the inversion. Our study also revealed that, if persistent across large areas, (i) parallel orientation of phase tensor major axes, (ii) constantly high phase tensor maximum phases or (iii) diverging directions of phase tensor major axes and induction arrows are suggestive of anisotropic structures and corresponding hypotheses should be evaluated.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Geofluids from natural springs connect with the crust and/or mantle in many cases, and their geochemical anomalies could be significant for the study on faults activity and even earthquakes. Several natural springs are distributed along the Lenglongling fault zone (LLLFZ) in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the Ms 6.9 Menyuan earthquake occurred on January 8th, 2022. Based on chemical and isotopic compositions (δD, δ18O, δ13C, and 3He/4He) of water and gas samples, the origin of geofluids and their potential correlation with fault activity even including earthquakes are preliminarily assessed in this paper. The δ13CCO2 values and 3He/4He ratios showed that the gas originating from the crust was associated with the metamorphism of carbonate rocks, whereas the δ18O and δD values of water samples indicated that the natural springs were predominantly infiltrated with precipitations from local mountains ranging 3.7 - 5.5 km in height. Obvious changes of Ca2+ and HCO3􀀀 concentrations in SZK spring waters in the surface rupture zones were observed in a short period (about three months) after the main shock, in contrast to those of the GSK springs far from the surface rupture zones. Such variations might be correlated with the stress increase prior to the 2022 Menyuan Ms 6.9 earthquake. The mechanical fracturing of surrounding limestone rocks during the slipping movement of LLLF could facilitate the water-rock interactions. Compared to three-month observations after the main shock, relatively higher concentrations of HCO3􀀀 and heavier δ18OH2O values of the LHG springs were also observed in the short-term period. The shallow stored formation water might be squeezed along the cracks and rose to the surface during earthquake tremors, causing a sandblasting water phenomenon.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105767
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Menyuan earthquake ; Natural spring ; Fluid geochemistry ; Lenglongling fault ; Tibetan plateau
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Lahars, landslides and debris flows are rapid natural phenomena that can heavily impact on and modify the environment, not only that from which they are triggered but also the one in which they propagate or leave deposits. In particular, lahars can reach significant runout distances from source areas (e.g., several km) and this can mainly depend, among other factors, on the morphology experienced by such propagation. There are cases in the recent history of natural occurrences in which lahars impacted catastrophically on rural and urban settings, such as for example at Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia) in 1985 causing the death of thousands of people living around there. A more recent event occurred on November 26, 2022 at Ischia island (Italy), which is an active volcano particularly subjected to the recurrence of these phenomena. In this case, the emplacement of some lahars caused the death of a few tens of people and the damaging of tens of building, besides the direct impact on local agriculture and tourism. In the nearby Neapolitan volcanic area, several other lahar events occurred in the historical past, not only during but also after or well after explosive eruptions, as the evidence that these phenomena are still to be considered as complex and often unpredictable extreme natural events, also exacerbated by the climate changes, but also that they have some recurrence that cannot be neglected. Such kind of recurrence is mainly related to the local weather, which can even affect the intrinsic behavior of the flows that detach from the source areas and invade the territory. On the other hand, this is not a strictly statistical issue, as there are instrumental measurements that support the fact that heavy rains can exacerbate a landscape already prone to sliding, avalanching, and other catastrophic phenomena. For this, the November 26, 2022 Ischia case study was chosen with the goal of reconstructing the physical features that led to the lahar generation and invasion, which is something that might occur in the future but that should be experienced with a dedicated scientific and territorial consciousness. What was done is an integration of multidisciplinary approaches, corroborated by data from the INGV-OV monitoring network installed on the volcano, capable of detecting the otherwise lost flow timing and dynamical behavior. In particular, the seismic evidence that accompanied the Ischia lahar events, along with the consideration of some lithological features leading to an estimation of flow velocity and dynamic pressure, allow to discriminate multiple lahar pulses over the early morning of November 26, 2022. The main findings of this contribution are that the potential of the Ischia lahars had a sort of recharge timespan which depended on the local weather and lithological features, while the threshold of the lahar trigger depended on the hydrogeological conditions. The seismic reconstruction of the entire event allowed to quantify the first of these two critical issues at Ischia island.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Keywords: Ischia island, landslide
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Evaluating and predicting the occurrence and spatial remarks of climate and rainfall-related destructive hazards is a big challenge. Periodically, Sinai Peninsula is suffering from natural risks that enthuse researchers to provide the area more attention and scientific investigation. Extracted information from the morpho-metric indices aids in understanding the flood potentiality over various sizes of drainage catchments. In this work, the morpho-metric analysis has been used in order to model the relative signals of flood vulnerability of 16 catchments in northern Sinai. The geospatial technique has been applied to process the digital elevation models (DEMs) in order to produce different analysis maps. Basic geometries, in addition to several morpho-metric indices, were extracted and analyzed by investigating the digital elevation models. Three different effective methods were applied separately to build up three models of flood susceptibility behaviors. Finally, two flood susceptibility signals were defined: the integration method and accurate pixel level conditions models. The integrated method analysis indicates that the western half of the study landscape, including catchments (12, 13, and 14), presents high levels of flood susceptibility in addition to catchment 9 in the eastern half, whereas the other catchments were found to provide moderate levels. The integrated flood susceptibility final map overlaid one of the most effective topographic indices (topographic position index, TPI). The integrated results aided in understanding the link of the general catchments morphometry to the in situ topography for mapping the different flood susceptibility locations over the entire study landscape. Therefore, this can be used for investigating the surface-specific reduction strategy against the impacts of flood hazards in the proposed landscape.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1797
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: We investigated the 2009-2020 instrumental seismicity of the Matese Massif. With the exception of two relevant seismic sequences (2013-2014 and 2016-2017, MMAX = 4.9), the background seismicity consists of low magnitude seismic swarms (MMAX = 3.3) located at the borders of the massif, and sparse single events (MMAX = 3.5). The focal mechanisms of the single events located near the NW and west edges of the massif suggest that this seismicity occurs on SW dipping, ca. NW-SE striking normal fault segments, in accordance with the kinematics of the Aquae Iuliae Fault. The focal mechanisms of two low magnitude seismic swarms located in the morphological depression, separating the Matese Massif from the Sannio Mountains, provide seismological evidence, never previously observed in this area, of the existence of an active east-western fault segment with dextral strikeslip kinematics. To the west of this area, there is no seismological evidence of strike-slip kinematics, whereas such evidence is found to the east. This area could represent the westernmost expression of the active strike-slip regime that characterises the Apulian foreland. Along the faults situated on the southern side, the very rare detected seismicity could be related to the high emission of CO2-bearing gas vents located near these faults. Considering the time elapsed from the last destructive earthquake (1349), the possible sources of the poorly known 346 and 1293 earthquakes, and the rare seismicity detected in the last 25 years, we speculate that the south-western side of the Matese may be affected by large earthquakes in the future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113-134
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismotectonics ; Matese Massif ; seismic swarm ; fault-plane solution ; Apulian foreland
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The influence of the hydrothermal circulation on seismicity and uplift observed at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) is a topic of great interest to the scientific community. Recently, Thermo-Poro-Elastic (TPE) inclusions were proposed as likely deformation sources. They are suitable to explain the mechanical effects induced by hot and pressurized hydrothermal fluids, possibly exsolved from underlying magma, and pervading an overlying brittle layer. Recent works show that a TPE inclusion located at approximately 2 km depth below the Campi Flegrei caldera significantly contributed to the large and rapid soil uplift observed during the ‘82-’84 unrest phase. In the present work we demonstrate that such a source of deformation is likely playing a role even in the current unrest phase, which is characterized by a much lower uplift-rate with respect to the one occurred in the previous unrest phase. We will show that the time-series of soil uplift observed in the last 18 years can be reproduced by assuming the reactivation of the same deformation source responsible of the ‘82-’84 unrest located within a shallow brittle layer at about 2 km depth. The presence of a brittle layer has been evidenced in the past by tomographic studies and is confirmed by a sharp variation of the b-value at the corresponding depth.We believe that our results provide very important insights and evidences, supporting the existence and the importance of an active thermo-poro-elastic deformation source, which can be useful for understanding the unrest of the Campi Flegrei caldera, from both a scientific and geohazard perspective.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107930
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Caldera ; Uplift ; Induced seismicity ; Deformation source
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Many Italian cities and towns have been affected by geological or geohydrological processes. However, due to the loss of historical memory, lessons of the past have been ignored; new urbanized areas have expanded into the same zones where damage and casualties occurred in the past. Despite current practices, researchers are showing how historical data can be among the most valid tools for identifying the most affected and hazardous areas. When the completeness and quality of historical sources are sufficiently high, we can make useful statistical inferences regarding the spatiotemporal variations of natural processes. This information is of great importance for land use planning, as it makes us able to rely not only on the current state of the investigated areas but also on their dynamic evolutionary framework over time. In this article, we present a chronological review of past Italian works describing the occurrence of natural extreme events making use of historical data. Then, we present some Italian case studies in which the awareness of hazards gained by paying attention to past information would have ensured better management of the risk for the benefit of public safety. Finally, the authors stress the need to safeguard, manage, and enhance the large collection of historical data that constitutes Italy’s heritage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1751
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geological and geohydrological processes ; historical research; old documents ; cultural heritage ; land use planning ; urbanization ; hazard and risk mitigation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Marine waste, including aquatic by-products, poses a significant environmental challenge and garners increasing attention for its potential valorization. The development of cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and circular technologies for transforming marine biomass into value-added products is crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable aquatic industries. This involves focusing on strategies that simultaneously reduce waste and energy demand. This document presents the research andbiotechnological innovations carried out under the ARIBiotech project, which aims to create new biological products from marine waste. In a circular economy perspective, this initiative seeks to turn sources of pollution into sustainable opportunities, contributing to the preservation of marine ecosystems while fostering innovative solutions. Exploiting marine biomass and valorizing sea by-products, whether by using them directly or extracting biopolymers, appears to be a promising solution for a more sustainable use of marine resources, leading to increased economic benefits. However, the realization of such developments is hindered by the lack of appropriate regulatory frameworks to enable the use of waste and by-products, ensuring product safety, quality, and acceptability. This white paper showcases a diverse range of bioproducts (Crab waste hydrolyzate, chitin, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, cellulose aerogels, shell powder, and bioactive extracts) derived from the application of biotechnologies on various marine waste and co-products,highlighting their potential to support sustainable development. This document aims to encourage policymakers to support the creation of alliances and innovations in blue biotechnology and enable the general public to benefit from advances in creating bioproducts from marine waste.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Marine waste ; Bioproducts ; Biotechnological innovations ; Circular economy ; Sustainable development ; Bio-technologie bleue ; Valorisation déchets marins
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 26 pp.
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  • 10
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    Université de Carthage. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte. Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l’Environnement
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Le présent travail porte sur l’étude systématique et écologique du benthos dans les principaux étages bathymétriques du golfe de Tunis par le biais de plusieurs approches, dans le but d’établir l’état écologique du milieu. Il s’agit des paramètres de biodiversité, des faciès bionomiques, des interactions biotiques et abiotiques et des indices biotiques basés sur les groupes trophiques et les groupes écologiques. Cette étude a permis dans un premier temps d’enrichir la liste des invertébrés benthiques inventoriés dans le golfe de Tunis. Il s’agit de 4 espèces de Bryozoaires nouvelles pour la science (Trematooecia ligulata Ayari et Taylor, 2008, Herentia baptooecium sp. nov., Herentia orthosa sp. nov. et Cellepora sinusa sp. nov) et de 70 espèces nouvelles pour la Tunisie dont 24 Polychètes, 24 Bryozoaires, 7 Cnidaires et 5 Amphipodes. De plus, la description des faciès bionomiques a permis de préciser les limites des étages, mais également de tirer des renseignements scientifiques intéressants. Ainsi, au centre du golfe, l’étage bathyal supérieur commence à -120 m, après une légère déclivité du plateau continental à environ -100 m. La zone qui s’étend du nord de Ras El Fartas vers le large en passant par l’ouest de l’île de Zembra, est occupée par un herbier de Posidonies à -21 m et suivie d’un détritique côtier caractérisant la limite supérieure du circalittoral puis d’un détritique du large dont les caractéristiques témoignent de la régression du circalittoral. Au niveau de la troisième zone et en face de Sidi Daoued et de Ras El Ahmar, l’herbier de Posidonies se situe entre -22 et -38 m de profondeur. Ensuite, des faciès de sédiments meubles et de maërl en bon état se succèdent. A environ -67 m de profondeur, apparaît le rebord du plateau continental, suivi à -130 m, par l’étage bathyal supérieur vaseux. Au niveau de la quatrième zone, en face de Ras Gammarth, des tâches de Posidonies et de Cymodocées sont suivies d’un détritique côtier à -79 m, puis de la déclivité du plateau continental marquant le passage du circalittoral inférieur à l’étage bathyal supérieur caractérisé jusqu’ à -137 m par une vase appauvrie. Au niveau de la zone ouest, nous enregistrons un envasement en face de la lagune de Ghar El Melh et un faciès de maërl en face de Sidi Ali El Mekki. L’étude de la distribution des Polychètes en fonction des paramètres environnementaux considérés a permis quant à elle de déterminer les préférendums écologiques des espèces principales. Elle a montré, entre autres, que les Polychètes ne sont pas distribués dans le golfe de Tunis en fonction d’un seul gradient abiotique et que la profondeur joue ici un rôle primordial. L’approche écologique a été basée sur l’utilisation de plusieurs indices biotiques, et les résultats obtenus montrent que l’indice BENTIX est le plus fiable pour le cas du golfe de Tunis. L’utilisation conjointe des principaux indices a montré que l’état écologique est satisfaisant au large de Sidi Ali El Mekki, en face de Cap Farina, autour de l’île de Zembra, au nord du Cap Bon et en face de Ras El Ahmar et que le reste de la zone est en légère perturbation ou en changement vers un état de déséquilibre
    Description: This present work is about a systematic and an ecological study of the benthos within the main bathymetric levels of Tunis gulf using many approaches with aims to establish its ecological state. These are the biodiversity parameters, the bionomic features, biotic and abiotic interactions and the biotic indices based on the trophic groups and the ecological groups. Thanks to this present study, the species list of the macrobenthic invertebrates increases. Altogether 4 species of Bryozoa are newly described (Trematooecia ligulata Ayari et Taylor, 2008, Herentia baptooecium sp. nov., Herentia orthosa sp. nov. et Cellepora sinusa sp. nov) and 70 species are found here for the first time in Tunisia coast: 24 Polychaeta, 24 Bryozoans, 7 Cnidaria and 5 Amphipoda. In addition, description of the bionomic features, allowed to limit the bathymetric levels and also, provided much essential scientific informations. Thus, in the middle of the gulf, the upper bathyal level begins from -120 m after a slight declivity of the continental plateau at about -100 m. The area which extends from the northern of Ras Fartas to the offshore going by the west of Zembra Island is occupied by Posidonia meadows at -21 m and followed by a coastal detritic which characterizes the upper limit of the Circalittoral, after that an offshore detritic characterize the regression of the Circalittoral. At the third sector and in front of Sidi Daoued and Ras El Ahmar, The Posidonia meadows begin from -22 to -38 m. After that, soft bottoms and maerl in good state follow each other. The plateau continental edge is at about -67 m, and then the muddy Superior Bathyal comes at -130 m. Within the fourth area in front of Ras Gammarth, some Posidonia and Cymodocea are followed by a costal detritic at -79 m then by the continental plateau declivity witch indicates passing from Inferior Circalittoral to the Superior Bathyal characterized until -137 m by an impoverished muddy bottom. The west sector is characterized by a muddy bottom in front of the Ghar El Melh Lagoon and a maerl in front of Sidi Ali El Mekki. Study of Polychaeta distribution according to considered environmental parameters allowed us to establish the ecological preferendum of some principal species. It shows that Polychaeta were not distributed within Tunis Gulf according to only one abiotic gradient however the depth is a primordial factor. The ecological approach is based on the use of many biotic index, results obtained showed that the BENTIX index is the most adequate in the case of the Gulf of Tunis. According to the different index used simultaneously the ecological state is satisfactory offshore Sidi Ali El Mekki, in front of Cap Farina, around Zembra isle, at the north of Cap Bon, in front of Ras El Ahmar and that the rest of the area is slightly perturbed or on change toward an imbalance state.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: macro-phytobenthos ; macro-zoobenthos ; Bryozoaires ; Polychètes ; systématique ; bionomie ; facteurs abiotiques ; indices biotiques ; état écologique
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 429 pp.
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