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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (623)
  • 1990-1994  (623)
  • 1990  (623)
  • 1
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    Cirrus cloud spectra and layers observed during the FIRE and GASP projects (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A general characterization is developed for cirrus clouds in terms of their spectra, shapes, optical thicknesses, and radiative properties for use in numerical models. Data sets from the Global Atmospheric Sampling Project (GASP) of the upper troposphere and the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) are combined and analyzed to study general traits of cirrus clouds. A definition is given for 2D turbulence, and the GASP and FIRE data sets are examined with respect to cirrus layers and entrainment and to dominant turbulent scales. The approach employs conditional sampling in cloudy and clear air, power-spectral analysis, and mixing-line-type diagrams. Evidence is given for a well mixed cloud deck and for the tendency of cirrus to be formed in multilayer structures. The results are of use in mesoscale and global circulation models which predict cirrus, in small-scale cirrus modeling, and in studying the role of gravity waves in the horizontal structure of upper tropospheric clouds.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: 1990 Conference on Cloud Physics; Jul 23, 1990 - Jul 27, 1990; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    NASA aerodynamics program (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Presented here is a comprehensive review of the following aerodynamics elements: computational methods and applications, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation, transition and turbulence physics, numerical aerodynamic simulation, drag reduction, test techniques and instrumentation, configuration aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, aerothermodynamics, hypersonics, subsonic transport/commuter aviation, fighter/attack aircraft and rotorcraft.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-4175 , NAS 1.15:4175
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Severe storm electricity research with a mobile laboratory and mobile ballooning (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Severe Local Storms; Oct 22, 1990 - Oct 26, 1990; Kananaskis Park; Canada
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Stratospheric ice crystals (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In situ sampling of the crystals is described with a NASA high-altitude aircraft to characterize the presence of ice particles and their role in Antarctic ozone chemistry. A NASA wire impactor was employed to collect the crystals, and the device was modified to permit Formvar crystal replication. The size distributions of the columnar crystals show that at the highest altitude the the smallest crystals are collected. The crystals provide surface area for heterogeneous chemical reactions as well as the removal of moisture and particles from the stratosphere and its ozone-related components.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: 1990 Conference on Cloud Physics; Jul 23, 1990 - Jul 27, 1990; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Using SSM/I as a forecasting tool for extratropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and California (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Global analyses of water vapor, cloud and precipitation derived from a diagnostic assimilation of SSM/I geophysical retrievals (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An analytical approach is described for diagnostically assimilating moisture data from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) into a global analysis of water vapor, cloud content, and precipitation. In this method, 3D fields of wind and temperature values taken from ECMWF gridded analysis are used to drive moisture conservation equations with parameterized microphysical treatment of vapor, liquid, and ice; the evolving field of water vapor is periodically updated or constrained by SSM/I retrievals of precipitable water. Initial results indicate that this diagnostic model can produce realistic large-scale fields of cloud and precipitation. The resulting water vapor analyses agree well with SSM/I and have an additional advantage of being synoptic.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Microwave scattering from wind- and rain-roughened seas (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Microwave scattering from wind- and rain-roughened seas is studied under the assumption that, for light wind and light rain, the processes contributing to the scatterometer signal are independent. It is argued that calibrations from exclusively rain and exclusively wind conditions are all that is needed to predict scatterometer cross section for combined conditions. It is demonstrated that scatterometer response to a rain-roughened water surface is linear, but the slope of the relationship is sensitive to drop-size distribution. It is concluded that first-order wind and rain can be regarded as independent processes. Average cross section varies linearly with rainfall rate, but the slope of the relationship is a function of drop-size distribution. For combined light rain plus light wind, sigma-c is found to be well predicted by the addition of wind and rain models.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Evolution of atmospheric fronts over the ocean as observed with the special sensor microwave/imager and the Geosat altimeter (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Integrated water vapor gradients and rain occurrence inferred from SSM/I are used to locate and trace the evolution of the atmospheric fronts for two midlatitude cyclones across the North Pacific. When compared to the NMC frontal locations advected to the time of the satellite pass, a good overall agreement is found between the SSM/I and the NMC locations of the fronts. The Geosat altimeter and the SSM/I overflew the two cyclones with several hours difference, locating the frontal positions at different times. The position of the occluded, warm, and cold fronts are detected along the altimeter track as well as regions of high wind speed associated with the cyclonic systems. These regions of high wind speeds associated with the fronts are also sensed by the SSM/I and, allowing for the time difference between the two satellites, are in good agreement with the Geosat measurements.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Evaluation of sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and effective aerodynamic roughness at the land surface from a combination of satellite and in-situ data (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A simple method is presented for using the daytime rise of the PBL height, combined with coincident satellite skin temperature measurements, to evaluate sensible heating and the effective surface roughness for heat transfer at synoptic locations. Multiple runs of a combination surface layer-mixed layer model are made in the central U.S., varying the values of surface moisture and roughness length around climatological means, and initializing the model with a set of atmospheric conditions from the synoptic report. The results, shown in figures and tables, are quite reasonable and spatially coherent, and depict well the sharp change in surface moisture and roughness which is known to take place across the central U.S.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) project. I - Introduction (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results of a 1-year USA-Japan study of the feasibility of the joint TRMM project are briefly reviewed. The TRMM mission will fly four precipitation sensors, a single-frequency radar, two types of microwave radiometers, and a visible and infrared radiometer. The scientific background of the mission and its organizational and engineering aspects are summarized.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Communications Research Laboratory, Review (ISSN 0914-9279); 36; 11, J; 1-9
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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