ALBERT

Description: Voorjaar 1949 ontving ik een kleine collectie levende vissen uit Suriname (Nederlands Guiana), door een zeeman verzameld in een poel nabij Paramaribo. Helaas is de juiste vindplaats niet nader aangegeven, dan enige kilometers ten zuiden van de hoofdstad.\nOnmiddellijk na ontvangst werden de vissen, die hier het onderwerp van bespreking zijn, in een groot gezelschapsaquarium (150 X 60 X 50 cm. hoog) ondergebracht, dat reeds werd bevolkt door verscheidene Nannostomini, Hasemania marginata, Rivulus cylindraceus, Acanthophthalmus kuhli, Dermogenus pusillus en Nannacara anomala en N. taenia.

Description: The increased importance which the European red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus (Can. et Fanz.)) (= Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch)) has assumed in recent years has led to an intensive study of its biology and natural history.\nIn the course of these investigations many workers, and in particular those in Nova Scotia (vide Lord, 1949), have become convinced that this pest can be controlled, on apple trees at least, by natural means and that some of the most active agents in its eradication are the representatives of that group of predaceous mites which Vitzthum (1941) placed in the subfamily Phytoseiinae Ber\'lese, 1916 1). As the late Dr. A. C. Oudemans of Arnhem included many if not most of these species in the genus Typhlodromus as he conceived it, this paper is in essence a revision of that genus.\nPresumably because of their small size and limited distribution, which is largely contingent upon readily available populations of their hosts, little attention has been paid to these predators from either the ecological or taxonomic point of view. A cursory survey of the literature pertaining to the predaceous relationship which exists between the Phytoseiinae herein to be discussed and the tetranychid mites may serve as an appraisal of this economically significant group of mites. Koch (1839) in describing what now appears to be a typhlodromid, viz., Gamasus vepallidus, made no reference to its possible predaceous habits. Scheuten (1857) thought that the eriophyids which he found associated in numbers with his Typhlodromus pyri were its offspring. Berlese (1882-1898), however, had a better understanding of these relationships and was able to state in his redescription of G. vepallidus as Seius (Seiulus) vepallidus (K.) that it was a predator of small acari as well as being a mycophage. His countryman, Ribaga (1902), writing of the

Description: In literature only very scanty information is to be found about the viscera of the Boid genera Tropidophis and Trachyboa, and therefore I believed it worth while to publish some notes which I made during dissections of the following species and subspecies: Tropidophis melanurus (Schleg.), Tropidophis maculatus haetianus (Cope), Tropidophis pardalis pardalis (Gundl.) and Trachyboa gularis Ptrs. The notes are in no way exhaustive; the specimens have been preserved in alcohol for a long time, and therefore it was not possible to study all features in detail.\nAll but two genera of the Boidae have two well developed lungs. One of these two exceptions was mentioned already by Cope (1894, pp. 218, 220: Ungualia; 1900, p. 697), viz., the genus Ungalia (i.e., Tropidophis of present day nomenclature). In this genus only one lung is present, and besides1 a tracheal lung has developed. The second exception is the genus Trachyboa; the fact that in this genus too a tracheal lung and only one true lung have developed, seems to have escaped notice up till now. As will be shown below there are also other features in which Tropidophis and Trachyboa agree with one another, while they differ from the other Boidae.\nTropidophis melanurus (Schleg.) Specimens examined: 1 $, Cuba, leg. Ramon de la Sagra, Mus. Leiden reg. no. 1299. 1 # juv., Cuba, leg. Ramon de la Sagra, Mus. Leiden reg. no. 1298.\nBoth specimens were labelled "Ungalia maculata", but after due consideration I refer them to Tropidophis melanurus (Schleg.). Especially the identification of the male no. 1299 caused me some difficulties, and therefore I may give my reasons for this identification. This male has a quadrifurcate

Description: I. Grouping of European species of the genus Astata Latr.\nIt is not my intention to anticipate in this paper a subgeneric division of the genus Astata 1). For the purpose of such division, it would be necessary to investigate more non-European material than at present is at my disposal.\nBut at first view it seems to me that the European species may be divided into four distinct groups, which may be separated with the key given below.\nTwo of the proposed groups (the stigma-group and the tricolor-group) form part of the subgenus Dryudella Spinola, as this subgenus has generally been understood; nevertheless, the differences between these two groups, namely in the shape of the clypeus and, in the females, in the habitus, seem to justify separating them; although, investigation of allied non-European species might make it necessary to adapt or to modify the key to the groups.\nEventually, the possibility that non-European intermediate forms will make the separations untenable cannot be absolutely excluded. A decision about the taxonomic rank of the proposed groups, therefore, must be postponed.\nSpinola (1843, P- 135), erecting the genus or subgenus Dryudella ("une nouvelle coupe, qu\'on appellera genre ou sous-genre, selon les principes qu\'on aura adoptes dans la nomenclature binominale"), based the "nouvelle coupe" on the wing venation of "Dimorpha cincta Perris" and separated it from "Dimorpha" 1) "par la troisieme cubitale, lunulee comme dans les "Lyrops" 2) et par la premiere nervure recurrente, qui s\'anastomose avec la nervure transversale qui separe la premiere de la seconde cubitale". However, in these critical features, Spinola was incorrect in several respects. Even excluding stigma and its near allies from Dryudella (Spinola himself never

Description: Records of cave-dwelling Lepidoptera are scarce in comparison with those in other orders of Insects, e.g., Coleoptera, of which even a whole subfamily (Silphidae, Bathysciinae) is in a most remarkable way adapted to this peculiar habitat. In the group of the so-called Microlepidoptera we could find examples of some eight species only, belonging to different families.\nApparently none of them is a true cave-dweller, i. e., a permanent resident of caves and really adapted to life in total darkness.\nCrypsithyris spelaea Meyrick, 1908 (Tinaeidae) only has been regarded as an exception. This species has been described from a large cave in Moulmein, Burma, and originally was reported as "being practically bleached or colourless", but with normally developed eyes and wings (Meyrick, 1908, p. 399). Later on better material has been collected at the same locality, and this time the moth appeared to be not quite colourless (Meyrick, 1916, pp. 602-603). It remains uncertain, therefore, whether there is question of any adaptation to cave-life and whether this species can be regarded as an "obligate cavernicole,, insect, the more so as larvae of closely allied species of this genus have been found living in the open, in portable cases on lichens covering rocks.\nFurthermore we could find reference to three species of the genus Tinaea: T. antricola Meyr., 1924, and T. pyrosoma Meyr., 1924, both from Siju Caves, Assam, and T. palaechrysis Meyr., 1929, from Batu Caves, Selangor (Malaya). Of the latter was said that it "belongs to the typically unicolorous yellow group, but has probably acquired fuscous colouring as an adaptation to cave life; it may therefore be a true cave-dweller, possibly restricted to these particular caves" (Meyrick, 1929, p. 375). Afterwards, however, Dam-

Description: The sinus rhomboidalis sacralis or sinus lumbosacralis as it is named by Ariens Kappers (1920) is an interesting anatomical part of the lumbosacral region of the avian spinal medulla. It is found in birds only and neither in reptiles nor in mammals.\nFig. 1 shows the lumbosacral part of the spinal medulla of Phoenicopterus Pig. 1. Spinal medulla of Phoenicopterus, dorsal view, with sinus lumbosacralis and corpus gelatinosum. From Imhof (1905). seen from the dorsal surface and Fig. 2 represents a diagrammatic transverse section through the lumbosacral part. These figures show some peculiarities that are found in birds only. All vertebrates with hind limbs have a lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal medulla, but in birds this enlargement has become more pronounced through the presence of the lumbosacral sinus. At the dorsal surface of the medulla there is an elongated cleft, which we may call the sinus, and this cleft penetrates rather deep, deeper than the central canal. The cleft is filled up by a plug of peculiar gelatinous tissue, which protrudes in a marked degree above the surface of the medulla. This tissue is named by Terni (1924) the corpus glycogenicus because the cells contain a great mass of glycogen. Perhaps it is better to use the name corpus gelatinosum, as this name pretends nothing, and glycogen is of common occurrence in tumors and in many other tissues. Ariens Kappers (1924) has shown that this tissue is of a very complicated origin, it is partly glious, partly pial and partly arachnoidal, it contains blood vessels and it is composed of large vacuolized cells. It is remarkable that this gelatinous tissue, when transferred to 70 % alcohol collapses in a few minutes. Imhof (1905) has studied the embryonic development of the lumbosacral sinus

Description: When discussing the genus Errina in my paper "Investigations on Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals),, (1942) I arrived at the conclusion held by Hickson (1912) that the species of the genus should be grouped in two, or possibly three, subgenera. It was pointed out that Hickson had erroneously used the designation "the Labiopora group" for the subgenus containing the type species Errina aspera (L.), and accordingly I proposed to name this subgenus Eu-Errina. For the other subgenus, viz., "the Errina group" of Hickson, the type species of which is Errina labiata Moseley, I introduced the name Labiata. A third group, viz., "the Spinipora group" of Hickson, was only casually mentioned by me, as I had no representative of this group at hand.\nThe only species of this group known at that time was Errina echinata (Moseley).\nAs, unfortunately, the Nomenclator Zoologicus (Neave, 1939-1940) was not accessible to me until recently, I was not aware that the name Labiata had been already used by Fabricius for a genus of Molluscs in 1823. Accordingly it will be necessary to introduce a new name for this subgenus of Errina. I thus propose to change this to Inferiolabiata. This name, moreover, has certain advantages in that it embraces the main character of the subgenus, viz., its waterspout-like spines which are connected with the mouths of the dactylozooid pores, which may be regarded as adumbrations of protruding, lower lips.\nIn this connexion the Spinipora group of Hickson might well be discussed.\nHere also the name, Spinipora, is preoccupied according to Neave: it was introduced by Agassiz in 1846 (emend, pro Spinopora Blainville, 1830) for a bryozoan genus. Moseley used it in 1879 f\xc2\xb0r a Stylasterid genus, and Hickson

Description: The Dalskog Dais-Rostock area lies in the Swedish province of Dalsland, to the west of lake V\xc3\xa4nern. It lies entirely within the Upperud sheet of both the topographic (1926) and geological map (1870) and comprises parts of the parishes Gunnarsn\xc3\xa4s, Dalskog and \xc3\x96r.\nAs shown by the outline map (fig. 1), the investigated region is situated in an area of gneiss-granites and supracrustal formations, which lies to the west of lake V\xc3\xa4nern as an island in the great, highly metamorphic complex of gneisses of southwestern Sweden. In the adjoining table the geological events wich left their marks in the rocks of the Dalskog Dals-Rostock area are listed in chronological order. For the sake of clearness the table has been completed with data known from the adjoining regions, but these are placed in parentheses.

Description: The description of the Foraminifera of the type-locality of the Maestrichtian and its stratigraphical value is the object of this thesis.\nThis type-locality is found in the Southern part of the Dutch province of Limburg.

Description: Dr Junge of the \xe2\x80\x9eRijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden\xe2\x80\x9d has been so kind to lend me the following specimens of bats, registered as Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck) (all in alcohol). reg. no. 273 ...... 3 males, 3 females ......... Java. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 274 ...... 2 females (1, m) ............ Cambodge. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 280 ...... 4 spec ........................ Annam. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1260 ...... 1 male, 1 female ............ Mt. Dapad, Borneo. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1420 ...... 4 spec. (v, w, x, y) ......... Buitenzorg, Java. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1645 ...... 34 spec. ........................ Malang, Oost-Java.\nWhen examining this material, I discovered that the 2 female specimens I and m of Cambodge (reg. no. 274), were misnamed. The label is reading: