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  • United States  (1,321)
  • Female  (876)
  • 2000-2004  (2,147)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wacholder, Sholom -- Struewing, Jeffery P -- Hartge, Patricia -- Greene, Mark H -- Tucker, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2187-91; author reply 2187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; *Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics ; Risk ; Selection Bias
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easton, Douglas F -- Hopper, John L -- Thomas, Duncan C -- Antoniou, Antonis -- Pharoah, Paul D P -- Whittemore, Alice S -- Haile, Robert W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2187-91; author reply 2187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Penetrance ; Risk ; Selection Bias
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Childress, James F -- Taylor, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2191; author reply 2191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Research ; *Government Regulation ; Human Experimentation/*ethics/standards ; Humans ; *Research Subjects ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Geoffrey E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. ghill@acesag.auburn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15619587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry/growth & development ; Female ; Hydrogen/*analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; *Financing, Government ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Personnel ; *Science/education ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diving mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and humans develop dysbaric osteonecrosis from end-artery nitrogen embolism ("the bends") in certain bones. Sixteen sperm whales from calves to large adults showed a size-related development of osteonecrosis in chevron and rib bone articulations, deltoid crests, and nasal bones. Occurrence in animals from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 111 years made a pathophysiological diagnosis of dysbarism most likely. Decompression avoidance therefore may constrain diving behavior. This suggests why some deep-diving mammals show periodic shallow-depth activity and why gas emboli are found in animals driven to surface precipitously by acoustic stressors such as mid-frequency sonar systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Michael J -- Early, Greg A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mmoore@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Body Size ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*pathology ; Decompression Sickness/complications/pathology/*veterinary ; *Diving ; Female ; Male ; Osteonecrosis/etiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Pacific Ocean ; *Whales/anatomy & histology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2170.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2170.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Celecoxib ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Colonic Polyps/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pyrazoles/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Stroke/chemically induced ; Sulfonamides/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Toward the end of the breeding season, migratory songbirds face crucial tradeoffs between the timing of reproduction, molt, and migration. Using stable hydrogen isotopes, we show that male American redstarts investing in high levels of reproduction late in the season adopt a unique strategy of combining molt and migration. Tail feathers molted during migration also reflect less orange-red light, indicating reduced carotenoid concentration. Thus, we show how reproduction in a migratory animal can influence both life history strategies (location of molt) and social signals (feather color) during subsequent periods of the annual cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, D Ryan -- Marra, Peter P -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Kyser, T Kurt -- Ratcliffe, Laurene M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ryann@biology.queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Breeding ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry ; Female ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; *Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Blastocyst ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/physiology ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/physiology ; Parthenogenesis ; Patents as Topic ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Embryo Creation ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2178-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disaster Planning ; *Disasters ; Japan ; Mexico ; Taiwan ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2177-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; *Containment of Biohazards/standards ; Developing Countries ; Financing, Government ; *Government Regulation ; *International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; *Security Measures ; United States ; *Viruses/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2168-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nevirapine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Uganda ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Forecasting ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/*mortality/transmission/virology ; Orthomyxoviridae/pathogenicity ; United States ; Virulence ; *World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hug, Christopher -- Lodish, Harvey F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):366-7. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Europe ; *Politics ; *Research Personnel ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/*organization & administration
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: The amygdala was more responsive to fearful (larger) eye whites than to happy (smaller) eye whites presented in a masking paradigm that mitigated subjects' awareness of their presence and aberrant nature. These data demonstrate that the amygdala is responsive to elements of.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, Paul J -- Kagan, Jerome -- Cook, Robert G -- Davis, F Caroline -- Kim, Hackjin -- Polis, Sara -- McLaren, Donald G -- Somerville, Leah H -- McLean, Ashly A -- Maxwell, Jeffrey S -- Johnstone, Tom -- 01866/PHS HHS/ -- 069315/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, W. M. Keck Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. pwhalen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; *Facial Expression ; *Fear ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Perceptual Masking ; *Sclera
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhoten, Diana -- Parker, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Social Science Research Council, New York, NY 10019, USA. rhoten@ssrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Data Collection ; *Education, Graduate ; Faculty ; *Research/education ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Fat tissue produces a variety of secreted proteins (adipocytokines) with important roles in metabolism. We isolated a newly identified adipocytokine, visfatin, that is highly enriched in the visceral fat of both humans and mice and whose expression level in plasma increases during the development of obesity. Visfatin corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a 52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. Visfatin exerted insulin-mimetic effects in cultured cells and lowered plasma glucose levels in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the visfatin gene had modestly higher levels of plasma glucose relative to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor. Further study of visfatin's physiological role may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis and/or new therapies for metabolic disorders such as diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukuhara, Atsunori -- Matsuda, Morihiro -- Nishizawa, Masako -- Segawa, Katsumori -- Tanaka, Masaki -- Kishimoto, Kae -- Matsuki, Yasushi -- Murakami, Mirei -- Ichisaka, Tomoko -- Murakami, Hiroko -- Watanabe, Eijiro -- Takagi, Toshiyuki -- Akiyoshi, Megumi -- Ohtsubo, Tsuguteru -- Kihara, Shinji -- Yamashita, Shizuya -- Makishima, Makoto -- Funahashi, Tohru -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- Hiramatsu, Ryuji -- Matsuzawa, Yuji -- Shimomura, Iichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):426-30. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Organismal Biosystems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Zena -- Susser, Mervyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Condoms ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; United States
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; Caprylates/analysis/chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity ; Fluorocarbons/*analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Humans ; Surface-Active Agents/*analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Trichloroethanes/analysis/chemistry ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Volatilization
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, Vera -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1808281/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1808281/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zerhouni, Elias A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Copyright ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Financing, Government ; *Information Dissemination ; Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Public Policy ; *Publishing ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ya-Ping -- He, Shigang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1861.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *International Cooperation ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; *Travel ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1878.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavioral Research ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Social Sciences ; United States
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Body Burden ; Diet ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity ; Female ; Fishes ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides/*analysis/toxicity ; Population Groups ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, David P -- Blower, Sally M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; *Condoms ; Female ; HIV/*drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: We report a draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori), covering 90.9% of all known silkworm genes. Our estimated gene count is 18,510, which exceeds the 13,379 genes reported for Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative analyses to fruitfly, mosquito, spider, and butterfly reveal both similarities and differences in gene content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Lu, Cheng -- Cheng, Daojun -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Bin -- Zhao, Ping -- Zha, Xingfu -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Chai, Chunli -- Pan, Guoqing -- Xu, Jinshan -- Liu, Chun -- Lin, Ying -- Qian, Jifeng -- Hou, Yong -- Wu, Zhengli -- Li, Guanrong -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Chunfeng -- Shen, Yihong -- Lan, Xiqian -- Yuan, Lianwei -- Li, Tian -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yang, Guangwei -- Wan, Yongji -- Zhu, Yong -- Yu, Maode -- Shen, Weide -- Wu, Dayang -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Yu, Jun -- Wang, Jun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Shi, Jianping -- Li, Heng -- Li, Guangyuan -- Su, Jianning -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Li, Guoqing -- Zhang, Zengjin -- Wu, Qingfa -- Li, Jun -- Zhang, Qingpeng -- Wei, Ning -- Xu, Jianzhe -- Sun, Haibo -- Dong, Le -- Liu, Dongyuan -- Zhao, Shengli -- Zhao, Xiaolan -- Meng, Qingshun -- Lan, Fengdi -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Yuanzhe -- Fang, Lin -- Li, Changfeng -- Li, Dawei -- Sun, Yongqiao -- Zhang, Zhenpeng -- Yang, Zheng -- Huang, Yanqing -- Xi, Yan -- Qi, Qiuhui -- He, Dandan -- Huang, Haiyan -- Zhang, Xiaowei -- Wang, Zhiqiang -- Li, Wenjie -- Cao, Yuzhu -- Yu, Yingpu -- Yu, Hong -- Li, Jinhong -- Ye, Jiehua -- Chen, Huan -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Bin -- Wang, Jing -- Ye, Jia -- Ji, Hai -- Li, Shengting -- Ni, Peixiang -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Yong -- Zheng, Hongkun -- Mao, Bingyu -- Wang, Wen -- Ye, Chen -- Li, Songgang -- Wang, Jian -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Yang, Huanming -- Biology Analysis Group -- 1 P50 HG02351/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing Beibei, 400716, China. xiaqy@swau.cq.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Bombyx/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Butterflies/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Insect Hormones/genetics ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spiders/genetics ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1883.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; *Child Welfare ; Environment ; *Health Status ; Humans ; *Longitudinal Studies ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Pilot Projects ; Research Support as Topic ; Sampling Studies ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1876.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Health Policy ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/*organization & administration
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Agriculture ; Budgets ; Peer Review, Research ; *Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; *United States Department of Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- Holden, Constance -- Seife, Charles -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Censuses ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Nuclear Warfare/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Science ; Travel/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) assesses how people spend their time and how they experience the various activities and settings of their lives, combining features of time-budget measurement and experience sampling. Participants systematically reconstruct their activities and experiences of the preceding day with procedures designed to reduce recall biases. The DRM's utility is shown by documenting close correspondences between the DRM reports of 909 employed women and established results from experience sampling. An analysis of the hedonic treadmill shows the DRM's potential for well-being research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahneman, Daniel -- Krueger, Alan B -- Schkade, David A -- Schwarz, Norbert -- Stone, Arthur A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1776-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Affect ; Data Collection/*methods ; Exercise ; Female ; Friends ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Income ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; *Life Change Events ; Marital Status ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Personality ; *Quality of Life ; Records as Topic ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Work
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1662-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadagkar, Raghavendra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1694-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, 560 012 Bangalore, India. ragh@ces.iisc.ernet.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Ants/genetics/*physiology ; Bees/genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Haploidy ; Male ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stockstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; China ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1672-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Basidiomycota/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Soybeans/*microbiology ; Spores, Fungal/physiology ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The near-ubiquity of sexual reproduction in animal species has long been considered a paradox because sexually reproducing individuals transmit only half of their genome to their progeny. Here, we show that the ant Cataglyphis cursor circumvents this cost by using alternative modes of reproduction for the production of reproductive and nonreproductive offspring. New queens are almost exclusively produced by parthenogenesis, whereas workers are produced by normal sexual reproduction. By selectively using sex for somatic growth and parthenogenesis for germline production, C. cursor has taken advantage of the ant caste system to benefit from the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearcy, Morgan -- Aron, Serge -- Doums, Claudie -- Keller, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1780-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, CP 160/12, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Ants/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Haploidy ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabb, Charlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1670-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Accidents, Occupational ; Antidotes/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; *Chemical Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cohort Studies ; *Disasters ; Female ; Gas Poisoning/*complications ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India ; Isocyanates/*poisoning ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Publishing ; Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis ; Thiosulfates/therapeutic use
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Advisory Committees ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Drug Industry ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; *Public Opinion ; Registries ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration/organization & administration
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. Aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. This study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. These findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create "bottom-up cascades," resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a North American forest ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Louie H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Population Biology, Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. lhyang@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Campanulaceae/chemistry/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Fungi/growth & development ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; Seeds/growth & development ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy. We show that although acute injury, acute inflammation, or transient parietal cell loss within the stomach do not lead to BMDC recruitment, chronic infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter, a known carcinogen, induces repopulation of the stomach with BMDCs. Subsequently, these cells progress through metaplasia and dysplasia to intraepithelial cancer. These findings suggest that epithelial cancers can originate from marrow-derived sources and thus have broad implications for the multistep model of cancer progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houghton, Jeanmarie -- Stoicov, Calin -- Nomura, Sachiyo -- Rogers, Arlin B -- Carlson, Jane -- Li, Hanchen -- Cai, Xun -- Fox, James G -- Goldenring, James R -- Wang, Timothy C -- CA95103/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K22 CA90518/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA87958/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK58/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. jeanmarie.houghton@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carcinoma in Situ/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Keratins/analysis ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/physiology ; Metaplasia ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mucins/analysis ; Muscle Proteins/analysis ; Parietal Cells, Gastric/physiology ; Peptides/analysis ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiske, Susan T -- Harris, Lasana T -- Cuddy, Amy J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1482-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544-1010, USA. sfiske@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Emotions ; Group Processes ; Human Rights Abuses ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Iraq ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Military Personnel/*psychology ; Peer Group ; Prejudice ; *Prisoners ; *Psychology, Social ; Social Conformity ; Stress, Physiological ; Torture/*psychology ; United States ; Warfare
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Engineering ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1450-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Financing, Government ; Information Dissemination ; *Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epoprostenol/biosynthesis ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics/metabolism ; *Sex Characteristics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/history ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Disaster Planning ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Fluoride Poisoning/etiology/*history/veterinary ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Mortality ; Pelvic Bones/pathology ; Volcanic Eruptions/adverse effects/*history ; Weather
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Databases as Topic ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Jurisprudence ; *Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; Switzerland ; *Tobacco Industry ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects ; United States ; Universities
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koo, Bonwoo -- Nottenburg, Carol -- Pardey, Philip G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA. b.koo@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Crops, Agricultural ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Europe ; *Intellectual Property ; International Cooperation ; *Internationality ; *Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Plants ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; South America ; United States
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict of Interest ; *Consultants ; *Fees and Charges ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics ; Research Personnel/economics/*ethics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: Female gender affords relative protection from cardiovascular disease until the menopause. We report that estrogen acts on estrogen receptor subtype alpha to up-regulate the production of atheroprotective prostacyclin, PGI2, by activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). This mechanism restrained both oxidant stress and platelet activation that contribute to atherogenesis in female mice. Deletion of the PGI2 receptor removed the atheroprotective effect of estrogen in ovariectomized female mice. This suggests that chronic treatment of patients with selective inhibitors of COX-2 could undermine protection from cardiovascular disease in premenopausal females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, Karine M -- Lawson, John A -- Fries, Susanne -- Koller, Beverley -- Rader, Daniel J -- Smyth, Emer M -- Fitzgerald, Garret A -- HL62250/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70128/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1954-7. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Arteriosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Epoprostenol/biosynthesis/metabolism/*physiology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Lactones/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; Oxidative Stress ; Platelet Activation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, LDL/genetics/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sulfones/adverse effects/pharmacology
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baumeister, Wolfgang -- Bachmair, Andreas -- Chau, Vincent -- Cohen, Robert -- Coffino, Phil -- Demartino, George -- Deshaies, Raymond -- Dohmen, Juergen -- Emr, Scott -- Finley, Daniel -- Hampton, Randy -- Hill, Christopher -- Hochstrasser, Mark -- Huber, Robert -- Jackson, Peter -- Jentsch, Stefan -- Johnson, Erica -- Kwon, Yong Tae -- Pagano, Michele -- Pickart, Cecile -- Rechsteiner, Martin -- Scheffner, Martin -- Sommer, Thomas -- Tansey, William -- Tyers, Mike -- Vierstra, Richard -- Weissman, Allan -- Wilkinson, Keith D -- Wolf, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1290-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1276-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research/economics/organization & administration ; Contracts ; Financing, Government ; HIV Infections/*immunology/prevention & control ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2004-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Christopher P -- Brady, Linda S -- Insel, Thomas R -- Collins, Francis S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1138-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. austinc@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15542455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Computational Biology ; *Databases, Factual ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; *Molecular Probes ; Molecular Structure ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomarkers/analysis ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Various forms of birth control have been developed for women; however, there are currently few options for men. The development of male contraceptives that are effective, safe, and reversible is desired for family planning throughout the world. We now report contraception of male nonhuman primates (Macaca radiata) immunized with Eppin, a testis/epididymis-specific protein. Seven out of nine males (78%) developed high titers to Eppin, and all of these high-titer monkeys were infertile. Five out of seven (71%) high-anti-Eppin titer males recovered fertility when immunization was stopped. This study demonstrates that effective and reversible male immunocontraception is an attainable goal. This method of immunocontraception may be extended to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'rand, M G -- Widgren, E E -- Sivashanmugam, P -- Richardson, R T -- Hall, S H -- French, F S -- VandeVoort, C A -- Ramachandra, S G -- Ramesh, V -- Jagannadha Rao, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. morand@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Fertility ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Immunization, Secondary ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca radiata ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Semen/immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Emotions ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Music ; Nonverbal Communication ; Object Attachment ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior ; *Social Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krebs, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; Food Industry ; *Food Labeling ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Humans ; *Nutrition Policy ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Obesity ; United States
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1110-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Budgets ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Proteomics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Immunization, Secondary ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration/standards ; California ; *Cloning, Organism ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environment ; *Nanotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; Public Policy ; Terminology as Topic ; United States
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions? The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes. Patients with Parkinson's disease, who have depleted dopamine in the basal ganglia, are impaired in tasks that require learning from trial and error. Here, we show, using two cognitive procedural learning tasks, that Parkinson's patients off medication are better at learning to avoid choices that lead to negative outcomes than they are at learning from positive outcomes. Dopamine medication reverses this bias, making patients more sensitive to positive than negative outcomes. This pattern was predicted by our biologically based computational model of basal ganglia-dopamine interactions in cognition, which has separate pathways for "Go" and "NoGo" responses that are differentially modulated by positive and negative reinforcement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Michael J -- Seeberger, Lauren C -- O'reilly, Randall C -- MH069597-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1940-3. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. frankmj@psych.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use ; Basal Ganglia/*physiopathology ; *Cognition ; Computer Simulation ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Probability ; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects social information about gender, status, and individuality. The molecular cues carrying this information remain largely unknown. Here, we show that small peptides that serve as ligands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules function also as sensory stimuli for a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons located in the basal Gao- and V2R receptor-expressing zone of the vomeronasal epithelium. In behaving mice, the same peptides function as individuality signals underlying mate recognition in the context of pregnancy block. MHC peptides constitute a previously unknown family of chemosensory stimuli by which MHC genotypic diversity can influence social behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leinders-Zufall, Trese -- Brennan, Peter -- Widmayer, Patricia -- S, Prashanth Chandramani -- Maul-Pavicic, Andrea -- Jager, Martina -- Li, Xiao-Hong -- Breer, Heinz -- Zufall, Frank -- Boehm, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1033-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Chemoreceptor Cells ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Urine ; Vomeronasal Organ/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Child ; Environmental Exposure ; Florida ; Household Products/toxicity ; Humans ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; Research Design ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Internationality ; Pest Control ; Plants ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Ethicists ; Ethics Committees ; Health Care Rationing/*ethics ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Risk Assessment ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adelman, Carol C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; Travel ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/organization & administration
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: We report a genome-wide search of Y-linked genes in Drosophila pseudoobscura. All six identifiable orthologs of the D. melanogaster Y-linked genes have autosomal inheritance in D. pseudoobscura. Four orthologs were investigated in detail and proved to be Y-linked in D. guanche and D. bifasciata, which shows that less than 18 million years ago the ancestral Drosophila Y chromosome was translocated to an autosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage. We found 15 genes and pseudogenes in the current Y of D. pseudoobscura, and none are shared with the D. melanogaster Y. Hence, the Y chromosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage appears to have arisen de novo and is not homologous to the D. melanogaster Y.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carvalho, Antonio Bernardo -- Clark, Andrew G -- GM64590/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- TW005673/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):108-10. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68011, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. bernardo@biologia.ufrj.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Intergenic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Introns ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudogenes ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome/genetics/physiology ; Y Chromosome/*genetics/*physiology
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Skeleton ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gropp, Robert E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):811-2; author reply 811-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; *Financial Support ; *Museums ; *Natural History ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vernon, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):811-2; author reply 811-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Information Dissemination ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Security Measures ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newsom, Gerald H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):811-2; author reply 811-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Education/*economics ; *Fees and Charges ; United States ; Universities/*economics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McManamon, Francis P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):612-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bone and Bones ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Research Design ; Skeleton ; United States
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. Each phenotype is transmitted on the maternal lineage with a pattern indicating mitochondrial inheritance. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the maternal lineage identified a homoplasmic mutation substituting cytidine for uridine immediately 5' to the mitochondrial transfer RNA(Ile) anticodon. Uridine at this position is nearly invariate among transfer RNAs because of its role in stabilizing the anticodon loop. Given the known loss of mitochondrial function with aging, these findings may have implications for the common clustering of these metabolic disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Frederick H -- Hariri, Ali -- Farhi, Anita -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Petersen, Kitt Falk -- Toka, Hakan R -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Raja, Khalid M -- Kashgarian, Michael -- Shulman, Gerald I -- Scheinman, Steven J -- Lifton, Richard P -- MO1 RR-00125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL-55007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK-49230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK049230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1190-4. Epub 2004 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aging ; Anticodon ; Body Mass Index ; Cluster Analysis ; Cytidine ; *Extrachromosomal Inheritance ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Hypertension/*genetics/physiopathology ; Magnesium/*blood/urine ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism/pathology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Thymidine ; Uridine
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Behavioral Research ; *Biomedical Research ; Humans ; *Mental Disorders ; Mental Processes ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Psychology, Social ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):592-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics ; Hypertension/*genetics ; Magnesium/*blood ; Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics ; Mitochondria/*genetics/metabolism ; *Point Mutation ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetamides/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Genetic Engineering ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control/virology ; Mice ; Oseltamivir ; United States
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The pilot phase of the Project is focused on a specified 30 megabases (approximately 1%) of the human genome sequence and is organized as an international consortium of computational and laboratory-based scientists working to develop and apply high-throughput approaches for detecting all sequence elements that confer biological function. The results of this pilot phase will guide future efforts to analyze the entire human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ENCODE Project Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; *Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Internet ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pilot Projects ; Proteins/genetics ; Publishing ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, David L -- Gibbs, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and the Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nelson@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; Skull/abnormalities ; *Trisomy
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):586.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/ethics/*standards ; *Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Research Embryo Creation/ethics/*standards ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garvalov, Boyan K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Congresses as Topic ; Internationality ; *Science ; *Security Measures ; Societies, Scientific ; *Travel ; United States
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruner, Sol Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; *Science ; United States
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lord, Peter G -- Papoian, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Toxicity Tests/*standards ; Toxicogenetics/*standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: We used a maskless photolithography method to produce DNA oligonucleotide microarrays with unique probe sequences tiled throughout the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and across predicted splice junctions. RNA expression of protein coding and nonprotein coding sequences was determined for each major stage of the life cycle, including adult males and females. We detected transcriptional activity for 93% of annotated genes and RNA expression for 41% of the probes in intronic and intergenic sequences. Comparison to genome-wide RNA interference data and to gene annotations revealed distinguishable levels of expression for different classes of genes and higher levels of expression for genes with essential cellular functions. Differential splicing was observed in about 40% of predicted genes, and 5440 previously unknown splice forms were detected. Genes within conserved regions of synteny with D. pseudoobscura had highly correlated expression; these regions ranged in length from 10 to 900 kilobase pairs. The expressed intergenic and intronic sequences are more likely to be evolutionarily conserved than nonexpressed ones, and about 15% of them appear to be developmentally regulated. Our results provide a draft expression map for the entire nonrepetitive genome, which reveals a much more extensive and diverse set of expressed sequences than was previously predicted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stolc, Viktor -- Gauhar, Zareen -- Mason, Christopher -- Halasz, Gabor -- van Batenburg, Marinus F -- Rifkin, Scott A -- Hua, Sujun -- Herreman, Tine -- Tongprasit, Waraporn -- Barbano, Paolo Emilio -- Bussemaker, Harmen J -- White, Kevin P -- P20LM007276-01/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008224-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):655-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Intergenic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Introns ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA Splicing ; Synteny ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: The "Down syndrome critical region" (DSCR) is a chromosome 21 segment purported to contain genes responsible for many features of Down syndrome (DS), including craniofacial dysmorphology. We used chromosome engineering to create mice that were trisomic or monosomic for only the mouse chromosome segment orthologous to the DSCR and assessed dysmorphologies of the craniofacial skeleton that show direct parallels with DS in mice with a larger segmental trisomy. The DSCR genes were not sufficient and were largely not necessary to produce the facial phenotype. These results refute specific predictions of the prevailing hypothesis of gene action in DS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, L E -- Richtsmeier, J T -- Leszl, J -- Reeves, R H -- F33 DE005706/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HD24605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD38384/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):687-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mandible/abnormalities ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monosomy ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Skull/abnormalities ; *Trisomy
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):400-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Israel ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; *Nobel Prize ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; United States
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):394-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antiviral Agents/supply & distribution/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/immunology/pathogenicity ; *Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology/pathogenicity ; Patents as Topic ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederman, Michael M -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Offord, Robin -- Mosier, Donald E -- Dufour, Jason -- Mefford, Megan -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Salkowitz, Janelle R -- Rodriguez, Benigno -- Blauvelt, Andrew -- Hartley, Oliver -- AI 36219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 51649/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-124000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Chemokine CCL5/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/immunology ; Vagina/*virology
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Drug Contamination ; *Drug Industry ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza Vaccines/*supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Licensure ; Serratia marcescens ; United States
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