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  • 1
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    Radiation balances and the solar constant (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The radiometric concepts are defined in order to consider various types of radiation balances and relate them to the diabetic form of the energy balance. Variability in space and time of the components of the radiation field are presented. A specific concept for sweeping which is tailored to the requirements is proposed. Finally, after establishing the truncated character of the present knowledge of the radiation balance. The results of the last observations of the solar constant are given. Ground and satellite measurement techniques are discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76612 , ESA-SP-143 , Sep 17, 1979 - Sep 21, 1979; Lannion; France
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The Solar Maximum Mission (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft, launched on 1980 February 14, carries seven instruments for the study of solar flares and other aspects of solar activity. These instruments observe in spectral ranges from gamma-rays through the visible, using imaging, spectroscopy, and high-time-resolution light curves to study flare phenomena. In addition, one instrument incorporates an active cavity radiometer for accurate measurement of the total solar radiant output. This paper reviews some of the most important current observational and theoretical questions of solar flare physics and indicates the ways in which the experiments on SMM will be able to attack these questions. The SMM observing program is described.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 244
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Solar Irradiance Variations on Active Region Time Scales (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The variations of the total solar irradiance is an important tool for studying the Sun, thanks to the development of very precise sensors such as the ACRIM instrument on board the Solar Maximum Mission. The largest variations of the total irradiance occur on time scales of a few days are caused by solar active regions, especially sunspots. Efforts were made to describe the active region effects on total and spectral irradiance.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CP-2310 , NAS 1.55:2310 , Jun 20, 1983 - Jun 21, 1983; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    Hourly average values of solar wing parameters (flow rate and ion temperatures) according to data of measurements of the Venera-9 and Venera-10 automatic interplanetary stations on an Earth-Venus during the period June 1975 - April 1976 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Four electrostatic analyzers with channel electron multipliers as detectors were used to measure solar wind ionic flow. The axes of the fields of vision of two of these analyzers were directed along the axis of the automatic interplanetary station, oriented towards the Sun, while the other two were turned in one plane at angles of +15 deg and -15 deg. The full hemisphere of the angular diagram of each analyzer was approximately 5 deg. The energetic resolution was approximately 6%, and the geometric energy was 0.002 sq cm ave. keV. Each analyzer covered an energetic range of approximately 10 in eight energetic intervals. Spectral distributions were processed in order to obtain the velocity and temperature of the protons. Tabular data show the hour interval (universal time) and the average solar wind velocity in kilometers per second.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-76213 , PR-494
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  • 5
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    Structure and physics of solar faculae. III - The densities in the chromosphere-corona transition zone (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics; 83; Feb. 198
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  • 6
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    Sun, Earth and man: The need to know. The quest for knowledge of Sun-Earth relations (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Solar physics and the effects of emanations from the Sun on communications and Earth's weather and climate are discussed. Scientific interest in the solar system from the old Stone Age to the present is reviewed with particular emphasis on the objectives sought and information obtained by Explorer satellites, Pioneer satellites, Skylab, Helios, ISEE, the solar maximum mission, and the Dynamics Explorer. The goals of missions planned for the 1980's are discussed including those using space shuttle, Spacelab, the Solar Mesosphere Explorer, the solar optical telescope, the upper atmosphere research satellite, and the solar probe. The objectives of the international solar polar mission and of the Origin of Plasma in Earth's Neighborhood mission are also delineated. Other missions being considered are reviewed and the prospect of taming the fusion process to provide clean, harmless electrical energy like that obtained from the Sun is entertained.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-EP-172 , NAS 1.19:172
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  • 7
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    Structure and physics of solar faculae. II - The non-thermal velocity field above faculae (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The OSO-8 satellite enabled the study of various characteristics of the profiles of Si II, Si IV, C IV, and O VI lines above active areas of the sun, as well as above quiet areas, and the derivation of some physical properties of the transition region between chromosphere and corona (CCT). The study of the lines shows a general tendency for the microvelocity fields on the average to be nearly constant for the heights corresponding to a temperature greater than 100,000 K; however they seem to slightly increase with height in quiet areas, and decrease in active areas. A multicomponent model of the CCT is necessary, and its geometry is far from being a set of plane-parallel columns. It is similar to an association of moving knots within the nonmoving principal component of the matter. The proportion of mass, in the knots relative to that in the nonmoving component, is several times larger in active regions than in quiet regions. In the knots, the nonthermal microvelocity fields are smaller in active regions and seem to decrease for temperature increasing above 100,000 K, contrary to what happens in the steady principal component.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics; 78; May 1982
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Mass flow velocity distribution in the solar chromosphere (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: A study of chromospheric lines (those of Si-II and Si-III) was made using the data from high resolution telescope and spectrograph (HRTS). The optically thick line profiles such as lambda 1206 due to Si-III and lambda 1265 and lambda 1533 due to Si-II were to be investigated in detail using the techniques of spectrum synthesis in an attempt to model the mass flow velocity distribution in the region of the solar atmosphere.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-170744 , NAS 1.26:170744
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The acceleration of particles on the sun and in the heliosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Within the heliosphere, the sun, the interplanetary medium, and at least four planetary magnetospheres contain acceleration sites which produce significant fluxes of energetic particles. The detailed study of the acceleration processes which produce the different energetic particle populations in the heliosphere is of great importance for cosmic-ray astrophysics. Shock acceleration has been recognized as one of the dominant mechanisms for providing energetic particles. Because of their unique importance to cosmic rays, the present investigation is concerned with shock acceleration processes within the heliosphere. The mechanism by which particles gain energy through their interaction with shocks is briefly reviewed. Attention is given to particle acceleration in the region of the earth's bow shock, interplanetary acceleration processes, solar flare acceleration processes, and particle acceleration at the solar wind termination shock.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 10
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    Solar particle propagation and modulation theory (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Developments related to solar flare particle propagation theory are considered, taking into account the transport equation currently employed to describe the propagation of solar flare particles. This equation does not take into consideration convection with the solar wind, drifts, and changes in particle energy. The equation was solved numerically to generate typical solar flare particle time profiles at 1 AU. The results, however, were not satisfactory. It was found that the numerical method used was apparently in error. New advances which provide approximate analytical solutions to the equation are reported. Questions of galactic cosmic ray propagation in interplanetary space are also discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
    Format: text
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