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  • 1
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    (Figure 2) Proxy records of sediment core GeoB6007-2 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bamberg, Audrey; Rosenthal, Yair; Paul, André; Heslop, David; Mulitza, Stefan; Rühlemann, Carsten; Schulz, Michael (2010): Reduced North Atlantic Central Water formation in response to early Holocene ice-sheet melting. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L17705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043878
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Central waters of the North Atlantic are fundamental for ventilation of the upper ocean and are also linked to the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we show based on benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios, that during times of enhanced melting from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) between 9.0-8.5 thousand years before present (ka) the production of central waters weakened the upper AMOC resulting in a cooling over the Northern Hemisphere. Centered at 8.54 ± 0.2 ka and 8.24 ± 0.1 ka our dataset records two ~150-year cooling events in response to the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway, indicating early slow-down of the upper AMOC in response to the initial freshwater flux into the subpolar gyre (SPG) followed by a more severe weakening of both the upper and lower branches of the AMOC at 8.2 ka. These results highlight the sensitivity of regional North Atlantic climate change to the strength of central-water overturning and exemplify the impact of both gradual and abrupt freshwater fluxes on eastern SPG surface water convection. In light of the possible future increase in Greenland Ice Sheet melting due to global warming these findings may help us to better constrain and possibly predict future North Atlantic climate change.
    Keywords: BGR; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB6007-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; M45/5a; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 2
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    Expanded GHOST database (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leduc, Guillaume; Schneider, Ralph R; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Lohmann, Gerrit (2010): Holocene and Eemian Sea surface temperature trends as revealed by alkenone and Mg/Ca paleothermometry. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(7-8), 989-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.004
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: In this study we review a global set of alkenone- and foraminiferal Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperatures (SST) records from the Holocene and compare them with a suite of published Eemian SST records based on the same approach. For the Holocene, the alkenone SST records belong to the actualized GHOST database (Kim, J.-H., Schneider R.R., 2004). The actualized GHOST database not only confirms the SST changes previously described but also documents the Holocene temperature evolution in new oceanic regions such as the Northwestern Atlantic, the eastern equatorial Pacific, and the Southern Ocean. A comparison of Holocene SST records stemming from the two commonly applied paleothermometry methods reveals contrasting - sometimes divergent - SST evolution, particularly at low latitudes where SST records are abundant enough to infer systematic discrepancies at a regional scale. Opposite SST trends at particular locations could be explained by out-of-phase trends in seasonal insolation during the Holocene. This hypothesis assumes that a strong contrast in the ecological responses of coccolithophores and planktonic foraminifera to winter and summer oceanographic conditions is the ultimate reason for seasonal differences in the origin of the temperature signal provided by these organisms. As a simple test for this hypothesis, Eemian SST records are considered because the Holocene and Eemian time periods experienced comparable changes in orbital configurations, but had a higher magnitude in insolation variance during the Eemian. For several regions, SST changes during both interglacials were of a similar sign, but with higher magnitudes during the Eemian as compared to the Holocene. This observation suggests that the ecological mechanism shaping SST trends during the Holocene was comparable during the penultimate interglacial period. Although this "ecology hypothesis" fails to explain all of the available results, we argue that any other mechanism would fail to satisfactorily explain the observed SST discrepancies among proxies.
    Keywords: 108-658C; 138-846; 160-967D; 160-969E; 161-977; 162-984; 165-1002C; 165-999A; 167-1012B; 167-1017E; 167-1019C; 175-1078C; 175-1084B; 184-1145C; 2; 202-1233; 202-1240; 202-1242; 225514; 225517; 71; 90b; 96; 96-619; A-7; AD91-17; Alboran Sea; also published as VM28-122; Angola Basin; Arabian Sea; Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; AUSCAN; Bay of Bengal; BCR; BENEFIT/4; BENGAL FAN; Benguela Current, South Atlantic Ocean; BOFS31/1K; BOFS31#1; Box corer (Reineck); BS79-33; BS79-38; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; Canarias Sea; Caribbean Sea; Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea; CD159-12; CD53; CEPAG; CH07-98-GGC19; Charles Darwin; Chatham Rise; CHIPAL; Cocos Ridge; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Congo Fan; D13882; D249; De Soto Canyon; Discovery (1962); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Eastern Basin; East Pacific; Emperor Seamounts; Equatorial East Pacific; GC; GeoB1023-5; GeoB3129-1; GeoB3313-1; GeoB3910-2; GeoB4509-2; GeoB4905-4; GeoB5546-2; GeoB5844-2; GeoB5901-2; GeoB6007-2; GeoB6518-1; GeoB7139-2; GeoB7926-2; GEOSCIENCES, MARMARCORE; GeoTü SL71; GGC; GGC-15-1; Giant box corer; Giant gravity corer; Giant piston corer; GIK17748-2; GIK17940-2; GIK17964-1; GIK18252-3; GIK18287-3; GIK23258-2; GINCO 3; GKG; Glomar Challenger; GPC; Gravity corer; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Gulf of Mexico; Hakuho-Maru; HOTLINE, HYGAPE; IMAGES I; IMAGES III - IPHIS; IMAGES IV-IPHIS III; IMAGES IX - PAGE; IMAGES V; IMAGES VIII - MONA; IMAGES VII - WEPAMA; Indian Ocean; Indonesia; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; IOW225514; IOW225517; IOW4509B; James Clark Ross; Joides Resolution; JOPSII-6; JR20000727; JR51; JR51GC-35; JT96-0909PC; KAL; Kasten corer; KH-01-3; KH-01-3-19; KL; KL_Mg; Knorr; KNR176-2; KNR176-JPC32; Kurilen Trench; LAPAZ21P; Leg108; Leg138; Leg160; Leg161; Leg162; Leg165; Leg167; Leg175; Leg184; Leg202; Leg96; Le Suroît; M34/4; M35/1; M35003-4; M39/1; M39/1_08-3; M39008-3; M40/4; M40/4_87-6SL; M40/4_SL67; M40/4_SL71; M40/4_SL78; M40/4_SL78-3; M40/4_SL87; M41/1; M42/4b; M44/1; M44/1_74KL; M44/1_KL71; M44/3; M45/1; M45/5a; M47/3; M53/1; M6/6; M7/2; Marge Ibérique; Marion Dufresne (1972); Marion Dufresne (1995); Marmara Sea; MD01-2334; MD012378; MD01-2378; MD012390; MD01-2390; MD012412; MD01-2412; MD012416; MD01-2416; MD01-2443; MD022529; MD02-2529; MD022575; MD02-2575; MD032611G; MD03-2611G; MD03-2707; MD101; MD106; MD111; MD114; MD122; MD123; MD126; MD127; MD13; MD131; MD77-194; MD79-257; MD85674; MD94-103; MD952011; MD95-2011; MD952015; MD95-2015; MD952042; MD95-2042; MD952043; MD95-2043; MD972120; MD97-2120; MD972121; MD97-2121; MD972125; MD97-2125; MD972141; MD97-2141; MD972151; MD97-2151; MD982162; MD98-2162; MD982165; MD98-2165; MD982170; MD98-2170; MD982176; MD98-2176; MD982181; MD98-2181; MD99-2155; MD99-2251; MD99-2334; ME0005A; ME0005A-24JC; Melville; Meteor (1986); MONITOR MONSUN; NE-Brazilian continental margin; NEMO; Northeast Atlantic; Northeast Brasilian Margin; Northern Red Sea; North Pacific Ocean; North-West African margin; OCE326-GGC26; OCE326-GGC30; off Cameroon; OSIRIS4; OSIRIS III; Pacific Ocean; PAKOMIN; PC; PC-17; PC-2; PC-4; Petr Kottsov; Piston corer; Piston corer (BGR type); Piston corer Meischner large; PL07-39PC; Portuguese Margin; PUCK; RAPID-12-1K; RC11; RC1112; RC11-238; Reykjanes Ridge; RL11; Robert Conrad; Rockall; SCS90-36; SL; SO102/1; SO115; SO115_05; SO115_40; SO136; SO136_011GC; SO139; SO139-74KL; SO156/2; SO80_4; SO80a; SO90; SO90_136KL; SO90_39KG; SO90_93KL; SO93/3; SO93/3_126KL; SO95; Sonne; South Atlantic Ocean; South China Sea; South-East Pacific; Southern Ocean; Southern Okhotsk Sea; South Pacific Ocean; SSDP102; St.14; St.20; SU81-18; SUNDAFLUT; Sunda Shelf; TASQWA; Timor Sea; TN057-21; TR163-19; TR163-22; TY93-905; TY93929/P; U938; V19; V19-27; V19-28; V19-30; V21; V21-30; V28; V28-122; Vema; Victor Hensen; Vietnam shelf; Voring Plateau
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 133 datasets
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  • 3
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    Sr/Ca and stable isotope records of Diplora strigosa coral sample BON-9-A from the east coast of Bonaire (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Giry, Cyril; Felis, Thomas; Kölling, Martin; Scheffers, Sander R (2010): Geochemistry and skeletal structure of Diploria strigosa, implications for coral-based climate reconstruction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 298, 378-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.022
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Geochemical tracers incorporated into the skeleton of reef-building corals are ideal proxies for reconstructing environmental parameters of ambient seawater such as temperature and salinity at subseasonal resolution. However, validation concerns of these environmental proxies due to the complex skeleton of some tropical Atlantic corals have hindered such coral-based environmental reconstructions in this region compared to the tropical Pacific. In order to identify complications associated with the complex skeletal architecture of the massive brain coral Diploria strigosa, we performed microsampling experiments along and across individual skeletal elements. We demonstrate that the mesoscale heterogeneity of Sr/Ca, d18O and d13C is a systematic feature of D. strigosa and is linked to different vital effects between skeletal elements. The thecal wall is significantly depleted in Sr, 18O and 13C compared to the adjacent septa and columella and differences between apparent temperature signatures of several degrees are greater for Sr/Ca suggesting that this temperature proxy is more sensitive to skeletal mixing than d18O. Parallel subseasonal microsampling experiments performed along individual skeletal elements of a single corallite of a D. strigosa coral which grew at a rate of 0.65 cm/year allow for investigating potential biases associated with its complex skeletal mesoarchitecture. Highest correlation between Sr/Ca and d18O from skeletal material retrieved from the centre of the thecal wall suggests that microdrilling the theca provides the best environmental signal compared to adjacent microsampling profiles. Moreover, based on monthly-mean climatology, the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca for this profile is comparable to previous calibrations published from faster growing D. strigosa. Based on these results, we conclude that accurate microsampling along the centre of the thecal wall of D. strigosa is a prerequisite for generating robust climate reconstructions from its skeleton.
    Keywords: BON-9-A; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; MARUM; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 4
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    Planktic foraminiferal distribution and stable isotope ratios of sediment core MSM05/5_712-1 from the Arctic Ocean (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Spielhagen, Robert F; Werner, Kirstin; Sørensen, Steffen Aagaard; Zamelczyk, Katarzyna; Kandiano, Evgenia S; Budéus, Gereon; Husum, Katrine; Marchitto, Thomas M; Hald, Morten (2011): Enhanced modern heat transfer to the Arctic by warm Atlantic water. Science, 331(6016), 450-453, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197397
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The Arctic is responding more rapidly to global warming than most other areas on our planet. Northward flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat advection towards the Arctic and strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ~150 years. Here, we present a multidecadal scale record of ocean temperature variations during the last 2000 years, derived from marine sediments off Western Svalbard (79°N). We find that early-21st-century temperatures of Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean are unprecedented over the past 2000 years and are presumably linked to the Arctic Amplification of global warming.
    Keywords: CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Fram Strait; Giant box corer; GKG; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Jan Mayen; JM06-WP; JM06-WP-02; Maria S. Merian; MSM05/5; MSM05/5_712-1; MSM05/5_713-1; North Greenland Sea; WarmPast 2006
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 5
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    Geochemistry on Holocene sediments from the Mediterranean (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Möbius, Jürgen; Lahajnar, Niko; Emeis, Kay-Christian (2010): Diagenetic control of nitrogen isotope ratios in Holocene sapropels and recent sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Biogeosciences, 7, 3901-3914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3901-2010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The enhanced accumulation of organic matter in Eastern Mediterranean sapropels and their unusually low d15N values have been attributed to either enhanced nutrient availability which led to elevated primary production and carbon sequestration or to enhanced organic matter preservation under anoxic conditions. In order to evaluate these two hypothesis we have determined Ba/Al ratios, amino acid composition, N and organic C concentrations and d15N in sinking particles, surface sediments, eight spatially distributed core records of the youngest sapropel S1 (10-6 ka) and older sapropels (S5, S6) from two locations. These data suggest that (i) temporal and spatial variations in d15N of sedimentary N are driven by different degrees of diagenesis at different sites rather than by changes in N-sources or primary productivity and (ii) present day TOC export production would suffice to create a sapropel like S1 under conditions of deep-water anoxia. This implies that both enhanced TOC accumulation and d15N depletion in sapropels were due to the absence of oxygen in deep waters. Thus preservation plays a major role for the accumulation of organic-rich sediments casting doubt on the need of enhanced primary production for sapropel formation.
    Keywords: 101; 101-105; 106-111; 107; 111; 112-116; 116; 117-122; 118; 123-126; 137-139; 140-142; 143-148; 149-154; 155-162; 163-170; 171-179; 180-187; 188-194; 560; 561; 562; 563; 564; 565; 566; 569; 570; 571; 572; 573; 574; 575; 576; 577; 578; 579; 580; 581; 582; 584; 585; 586; 589; 590; 592; 594; 596; 599; 601; 602; 604; 666; 667; 668; 670; 671; 672; 673; 674; 676; 677; 678; 680; 681; 682; 683; 684; 685; 686; 687; 689; 690; 691; 692; 693; 694; 695; 696; 697; 699; 700; 701; 702; 703; 704; 705; 706; 707; 708; 709; 710; 712; 713; 714; 716; 717; 718; 719; 80; 82; 85; Cyprus; Eastern Mediterranean, Continental slope off Israel; Eratosthenes Seamount; Gargano Promontory; GeoB10701-4; GeoB10702-3; GeoB10703-3; GeoB10704-3; GeoB10705-3; GeoB10706-3; GeoB10707-4; GeoB10708-3; GeoB10710-4; GeoB10711-3; GeoB10712-3; GeoB10713-3; GeoB10714-3; GeoB10715-3; GeoB10716-3; GeoB10717-3; GeoB10718-3; GeoB10719-3; GeoB10720-5; GeoB10721-3; GeoB10722-3; GeoB10723-3; GeoB10724-3; GeoB10725-3; GeoB10726-3; GeoB10727-3; GeoB10728-3; GeoB10729-4; GeoB10730-3; GeoB10731-3; GeoB10732-3; GeoB10733-3; GeoB10734-3; GeoB10735-3; GeoB10736-3; GeoB10737-3; GeoB10738-3; GeoB10739-3; GeoB10740-3; GeoB10741-3; GeoB10742-3; GeoB10743-3; GeoB10744-3; GeoB10746-3; GeoB10747-3; GeoB10748-3; GeoB10749-3; GeoB7704-1; GeoB7705-1; GeoB7706-2; GeoB7714-1; GeoB7718-1; GeoB7720-1; GeoB7723-2; GeoB7725-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Greece; Gulf of Manfredonia; Gulf of Taranto; Haifa; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; Lybia; M40/4; M40/4_MUC65; M40/4_MUC66; M40/4_MUC67; M40/4_MUC68; M40/4_MUC69; M40/4_MUC70; M40/4_MUC71; M40/4_MUC72; M40/4_MUC73; M40/4_MUC74; M40/4_MUC75; M40/4_MUC76-2; M40/4_MUC76-3; M40/4_MUC77A; M40/4_MUC77B; M40/4_MUC78-2; M40/4_MUC79; M40/4_MUC81; M40/4_MUC82; M40/4_MUC84; M40/4_MUC85; M40/4_MUC86; M40/4_MUC87; M40/4_MUC88; M40/4_MUC89; M40/4_MUC90; M40/4_MUC91; M40/4_SL80; M51/3; M51/3_560-1; M51/3_561-4; M51/3_562-5; M51/3_563-5; M51/3_564-2; M51/3_565-1; M51/3_566-3; M51/3_569-3; M51/3_570-2; M51/3_571; M51/3_572-2; M51/3_573; M51/3_574-2; M51/3_575-6; M51/3_576-3; M51/3_577-1; M51/3_578; M51/3_579; M51/3_580; M51/3_581; M51/3_582; M51/3_584; M51/3_585; M51/3_586; M51/3_589; M51/3_590; M51/3_592; M51/3_594; M51/3_596; M51/3_599; M51/3_601-3; M51/3_602; M51/3_604; M52/2; M71/3; M71/3_H01; M71/3_H02; M71/3_H03; M71/3_H04; M71/3_H05; M71/3_H06; M71/3_H07; M71/3_H11; M71/3_H12; M71/3_Her01; M71/3_Her03; M71/3_ler01; M71/3_Rho02; M71/3_Sk01; Malta; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; Nile Fan; POS339; Poseidon; SL; Strait of Otranto; Turkey; Zyprus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 6
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    Age determination, planktic foraminifera and stable istopes of sediment core MSM05/5_712-2 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Werner, Kirstin; Spielhagen, Robert F; Bauch, Dorothea; Hass, H Christian; Kandiano, Evgenia S (2013): Atlantic Water advection versus sea-ice advances in the eastern Fram Strait during the last 9 ka: Multiproxy evidence for a two-phase Holocene. Paleoceanography, 28(2), 283-295, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20028
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: A sediment core from the West Spitsbergen continental margin was studied to reconstruct climate and paleoceanographic variability during the last ~9 ka in the eastern Fram Strait. Our multiproxy evidence suggests that the establishment of the modern oceanographic configuration in the eastern Fram Strait occurred stepwise, in response to the postglacial sea-level rise and the related onset of modern sea-ice production on the shallow Siberian shelves. The late Early and Mid Holocene interval (9 to 5 ka) was generally characterized by relatively unstable conditions. High abundance of the subpolar planktic foraminifer species Turborotalita quinqueloba implies strong intensity of Atlantic Water (AW) inflow with high productivity and/or high AW temperatures, resulting in a strong heat flux to the Arctic. A series of short-lived cooling events (8.2, 6.9. and 6.1 ka) occurred superimposed on the warm late Early and Mid Holocene conditions. Our proxy data imply that simultaneous to the complete postglacial flooding of Arctic shallow shelves and the initiation of modern sea-ice production, strong advance of polar waters initiated modern oceanographic conditions in the eastern Fram Strait at ~5.2 ka. The Late Holocene was marked by the dominance of the polar planktic foraminifer species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a significant expansion of sea ice/icebergs, and strong stratification of the water column. Although planktic foraminiferal assemblages as well as sea surface and subsurface temperatures suggest a return of slightly strengthened advection of subsurface Atlantic Water after 3 ka, a relatively stable cold-water layer prevailed at the sea surface and the study site was probably located within the seasonally fluctuating marginal ice zone during the Neoglacial period.
    Keywords: Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK
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    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 7
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    Monthly interpolated coral δ¹⁸O records from Bonaire corals (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Giry, Cyril; Felis, Thomas; Kölling, Martin; Wei, Wei; Lohmann, Gerrit; Scheffers, Sander R (2013): Controls of Caribbean surface hydrology during the mid- to late Holocene: insights from monthly resolved coral records. Climate of the Past, 9, 841-858, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-841-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Several proxy-based and modeling studies have investigated long-term changes in Caribbean climate during the Holocene, however, very little is known on its variability on short timescales. Here we reconstruct seasonality and interannual to multidecadal variability of sea surface hydrology of the southern Caribbean Sea by applying paired coral Sr/Ca and d18O measurements on fossil annually banded Diploria strigosa corals from Bonaire. This allows for better understanding of seasonal to multidecadal variability of the Caribbean hydrological cycle during the mid- to late Holocene. The monthly resolved coral Delta d18O records are used as a proxy for the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (d18Osw) of the southern Caribbean Sea. Consistent with modern day conditions, annual d18Osw cycles reconstructed from three modern corals reveal that freshwater budget at the study site is influenced by both net precipitation and advection of tropical freshwater brought by wind-driven surface currents. In contrast, the annual d18Osw cycle reconstructed from a mid-Holocene coral indicates a sharp peak towards more negative values in summer, suggesting intense summer precipitation at 6 ka BP (before present). In line with this, our model simulations indicate that increased seasonality of the hydrological cycle at 6 ka BP results from enhanced precipitation in summertime. On interannual to multidecadal timescales, the systematic positive correlation observed between reconstructed sea surface temperature and salinity suggests that freshwater discharged from the Orinoco and Amazon rivers and transported into the Caribbean by wind-driven surface currents is a critical component influencing sea surface hydrology on these timescales.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 9 datasets
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  • 8
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    Alkenone-derived sea surface temperature records of three sediment cores from the southern Benguela upwelling system (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leduc, Guillaume; Herbert, Caren T; Blanz, Thomas; Martinez, Philippe; Schneider, Ralph R (2010): Contrasting evolution of sea surface temperature in the Benguela upwelling system under natural and anthropogenic climate forcings. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L20705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044353
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: We present alkenone-derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) records from three marine cores collected within the southern Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) spanning the last 3 ka. The SST evolution over the last 3 millennia is marked by aperiodic millennial-scale oscillations that broadly correspond to climatic anomalies identified over the North Atlantic region. The BUS SST data further suggest cooling and warming trends opposite to the temperature evolution in the Moroccan upwelling region and in Antarctica. In contrast, the last decades are marked by a cooling of unprecedented magnitude in both the Benguela and Moroccan upwelling systems, which is not observed in the Antarctic record. These contrasted responses in Atlantic upwelling systems triggered by natural and anthropogenic forcings shed light on how different climatic mechanisms are mediated by ocean-atmosphere interactions and transmitted to the geological records of past and present climate changes.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB; Geosciences, University of Bremen; GIK/IfG; Institute for Geosciences, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 9
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    Modelled global ocean temperature from 6 ka to present (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lohmann, Gerrit; Pfeiffer, Madlene; Laepple, Thomas; Leduc, Guillaume; Kim, Jung-Hyun (2013): A model-data comparison of the Holocene global sea surface temperature evolution. Climate of the Past, 9(4), 1807-1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1807-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: We compare the ocean temperature evolution of the Holocene as simulated by climate models and reconstructed from marine temperature proxies. This site provides informations about the Holocene temperature trends as simulated by the models. We use transient simulations from a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, as well as an ensemble of time slice simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project. The general pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) in the models shows a high latitude cooling and a low latitude warming. The proxy dataset comprises a global compilation of marine alkenone- and Mg/Ca-derived SST estimates. Independently of the choice of the climate model, we observe significant mismatches between modelled and estimated SST amplitudes in the trends for the last 6000 years. Alkenone-based SST records show a similar pattern as the simulated annual mean SSTs, but the simulated SST trends underestimate the alkenone-based SST trends by a factor of two to five. For Mg/Ca, no significant relationship between model simulations and proxy reconstructions can be detected. We tested if such discrepancies can be caused by too simplistic interpretations of the proxy data. We tested different seasons and depths in the model to compare the proxy data trends, and can reconcile only part of the mismatches on a regional scale. We therefore considered the additional environmental factor changes in the planktonic organisms' habitat depth and a time-shift in the recording season to diagnose whether invoking those environmental factors can help reconciling the proxy records and the model simulations. We find that invoking shifts in the living season and habitat depth can remove some of the model-data discrepancies in SST trends. Regardless whether such adjustments in the environmental parameters during the Holocene are realistic, they indicate that when modeled temperature trends are set up to allow drastic shifts in the ecological behavior of planktonic organisms, they do not capture the full range of reconstructed SST trends. Our findings indicate that climate model and reconstructed temperature trends are to a large degree only qualitatively comparable, thus providing a challenge for the interpretation of proxy data as well as the models' sensitivity to orbital forcing.
    Keywords: Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 10
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    A reconstruction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopic composition from the penultimate glacial maximum to the glacial inception (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schneider, Robert; Schmitt, Jochen; Koehler, Peter; Joos, Fortunat; Fischer, Hubertus (2013): A reconstruction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopic composition from the penultimate glacial maximum to the glacial inception. Climate of the Past, 9(6), 2507-2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2507-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The reconstruction of the stable carbon isotope evolution in atmospheric CO2 (d13Catm ), as archived in Antarctic ice cores, bears the potential to disentangle the contributions of the different carbon cycle fluxes causing past CO2 variations. Here we present a new record of d13Catm before, during and after the Marine Isotope Stage 5.5 (155 000 to 105 000 years BP). The record was derived with a well established sublimation method using ice from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and the Talos Dome ice cores in East Antarctica. We find a 0.4 permil shift to heavier values between the mean d13Catm level in the Penultimate (~ 140 000 years BP) and Last Glacial Maximum (~ 22 000 years BP), which can be explained by either (i) changes in the isotopic composition or (ii) intensity of the carbon input fluxes to the combined ocean/atmosphere carbon reservoir or (iii) by long-term peat buildup. Our isotopic data suggest that the carbon cycle evolution along Termination II and the subsequent interglacial was controlled by essentially the same processes as during the last 24 000 years, but with different phasing and magnitudes. Furthermore, a 5000 years lag in the CO2 decline relative to EDC temperatures is confirmed during the glacial inception at the end of MIS 5.5 (120 000 years BP). Based on our isotopic data this lag can be explained by terrestrial carbon release and carbonate compensation.
    Keywords: EPICA; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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