ALBERT

Description: The West African marine brachyuran crab fauna, comprising 218 named species in 120 genera and 26 familes, is surveyed. Sixteen new genera and 24 new species are recognized. Synonymies are updated for the tropical species, and all 300 + Eastern Atlantic species are listed. Original references and synonymies are provided for all 146 Eastern Atlantic genera. Synonymies have been compiled for all 36 currently recognized families of marine crabs. Twenty-nine families are represented in the Eastern Atlantic fauna. One family, Hexapodidae Miers, 1886, and one subfamily, Camptandriinae Stimpson, 1858 (Ocypodidae) are revised at the generic level. The genera Liocarcinus Stimpson, 1871 (Portunidae), Machaerus Leach, 1818 (Goneplacidae), and Lambdophallus Alcock, 1900, Paeduma Rathbun, 1897, Parahexapus Balss, 1922, Pseudohexapus Monod, 1956, and Thaumastoplax Miers, 1881 (all Hexapodidae), are defined and recognized. It is suggested that the family Geryonidae Colosi, 1923, shows closest affinities with the family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815.

Description: Migration of Gammarus pulex pulex (Linnaeus, 1758), G. fossarum Koch in Panzer, 1836, and Echinogammarus berilloni (Catta, 1878) has been studied in a small French chalk stream, the Slack. Three different approaches to investigate both up- and downstream migration were used: (1) migration survey, with a sampling program of migration at intervals of two weeks or a month at twelve localities in the river Slack; (2) continuous measurement of migration at three habitats with very stable, normal and very unstable environmental conditions, respectively, lying within 100 m of one another and populated by the same species, G. fossarum; (3) finally, marking experiments in order to identify and trace animals with a given behaviour.\nBoth drift and upstream migration show a considerable microgeographic variation, which is larger for Gammarus than for E. berilloni. During the relatively warm year of 1975, the migration activity of E. berilloni was stronger than in 1974. Upstream migration was concentrated in early summer, while drift fluctuated during the year. Most animals migrated during the night, although the diel variation in drift was quite different from that in upstream migration. Water temperature and its diel fluctuations have a large effect on non-accidental migration. Changes in chemical composition of the water seem to be important as well. Light conditions have only a slight influence on migration patterns. Physical disturbance of the riverbed (for instance by wading cows or the scouring effect of spates) influences migration rather negatively.\nThe mean size of migrating animals was larger than the average size of the standing crop. Upstream migrants were larger during hours of high upstream migration activity, while the animals that drifted in peak hours were usually smaller than those drifting in hours of low activity. Both up- and downstream migration proved to be a constant behaviour; most drifters of a particular night drifted again the following night and most upstream migrants moved again upstream after they had been marked.\nIn particular our results on microgeographic and seasonal variation show clearly that a quantitative approach to migration would have been premature. Secondly, they make a direct correlation between production and drift unrewarding. The continuous measurement of migration showed that for this type of investigation field work is preferable to laboratory experimentation, since it gives more reliable results than those achieved under laboratory conditions.

Description: A study of the breeding cycle and population structure of Angeliera phreaticola (Isopoda, Asellota, Microparasellidae) has been carried out in the western Mediterranean. The species shows a seasonal reproductive cycle. The breeding season occurs from mid-April to the end of September. Release of juveniles is limited to the period from June to the end of September. Fourty to seventy days are necessary for the embryological development which is very long, eighty days for the post-marsupial one. It is suggested that in spring the increasing temperature of the interstitial waters accelerates the maturity of the ovocyte and post-embryonic development, and causes an advance of the breeding season. Each summerborn generation reproduces next year and yields reproducing animals two years after. Each female produces two broods (rarely three) per reproduction season and can get three to six descendants at most. Sex ratio of males to females is expressed as a function of the season and the size; males outnumber females. A. phreaticola has a maximum life span of about two years and two or three months.

Description: The genus Schistura in Pakistan is reviewed: 20 species (of which 8 are new) and 1 subspecies (new) arranged in 3 species groups are recognized.

Description: Bahalana geracei is described from Lighthouse Cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. It is the first subterranean cirolanid from the Bahamas, and the first to be found in waters of full marine salinity. Its most distinguishing characteristic is that its first three pairs of pereiopods are prehensile and extremely long. Natural history observations are also reported.

Description: In 1978 cercariae have been collected from four species of freshwater snails in two lakes near Utrecht (Netherlands). Eleven species are recorded, of which six are described in detail. Five of these are new: Cercaria gutta n. sp. (Psilostomidae), C. cana n. sp. (Notocotilydae), C. quadrata n. sp. (Pleurogenetinae), C. abdita n. sp. and C. dyjannae n. sp. (both probably belonging to the Plagiorchiida, because they show characters of the group of Xiphidocercariae). Of C. dyjannae only the metacercarial cysts have been found.\nThe sixth cercaria described is that of Psitochasmus oxyuris (Creplin, 1825).

Description: Several associates of stylasterine corals were previously known (reviewed in the present paper) but no specialized Copepoda have been recorded thus far. Six such copepod species (described by J. H. Stock in part 2) have been found in cage-like globular galls (walls perforated) on Stylaster sanguineus (one species, from the New Hebrides), Stylaster papuensis (one species, from the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua), Conopora laevis (three species, from the Kermadec Islands and northern New Zealand), Crypthelia cryptotrema (one species, from New Caledonia). Each association appears characterized by a special type of gall, though some associations are known from one or two galls only. At least for some associations it is proved that the gall develops from a cyclosystem infested by an early stage of the copepod; the same process is assumed in the case of the remaining associations.\nStylaster papuensis and Crypthelia cryptotrema, new species, are described in detail, whereas for the other host species the distribution is reviewed, including some new records. A synonymy is given for Conopora laevis.

Description: Relative abundance and richness in molluscan species have been studied along 91 stations in 9 different streams. The fact that a significative relationship exists between several abiotic parameters and the presence of certain molluscan species is demonstrated by a factor analysis (correspondence analysis). High values of oxydability (〉 3 mg/l), ammonium ions (〉 0.5 mg/l), nitrites (〉 0.3 mg/l), phosphorus (〉 0.5 mg/l) and low oxygen content of the water (\xe2\x89\xa4 5 mg/l) exert an inhibitive effect on the species distribution (figs. 3-4).\nEighteen physical and chemical factors are classified according to the effect they exert on the general distribution of molluscs by their contribution to the F1, F2, and F3 axes (table II).\nThe pattern of sensitiveness to pollution of molluscan species is correlated with a biotic index (fig. 5, table III).

Description: An electrophoretical and immunological study is made of nine species of pycnogonids, representing seven families, from the Catalan coast.\nAn electrophoretogram of each species is given and the antigenic properties of its protein bands are determined. Taking as comparative basis the serological affinities of the different species with Ammothella longipes and by morphological considerations as well, five major evolutionary lines have been established. The Nymphonidae are considered the more primitive. The Ammotheidae \xe2\x80\x94 Tanystylidae are considered a central group by their greater number of protein bands and their greater capacity of morphological diversification. The Phoxichilidiidae-Endeidae are considered intermediate between the former and the Callipallenidae and Pycnogonidae, the latter two lines are considered the most evolved.

Description: The book \xe2\x80\x9cLa M\xc3\xa9nagerie du Mus\xc3\xa9um National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle\xe2\x80\x9d was published in ten instalments in folio in Paris during the years 1800-1805. The original first instalment appeared anonymously, drawing all attention in the title to the fine plates (fig. 1: 1st edition). Later the text of the first instalment was revised and reprinted with a new title page in which the names of Lac\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xa8de and Cuvier figured modestly (fig. 2: 1st issue of the 2nd edition). Finally a new title page was issued emphasizing the authorship of Lac\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xa8de and Cuvier (fig. 3: 2nd issue of the 2nd edition). The sequence of publication of the various text parts and plates was reconstructed with the aid of notices in contemporary literature (tables I & IV, respectively).\nAn adequate description of this intricate book, of which several incomplete copies survive, proved possible only by using the method of analytical bibliography as described by Bowers. Hitherto, this method has rarely been applied to zoological literature and therefore it is fully explained. The collation of an \xe2\x80\x9cideal copy\xe2\x80\x9d, in Bowers\xe2\x80\x99 sense, of the 1st and 2nd edition in folio is represented in tables II & III, respectively. The bibliographical description of both folio editions is followed by a list of copies consulted and a list of copies encountered in the literature.\nBy far the largest part of the text, which in all consists of 37 separately paged articles, was written by Georges Cuvier (31 articles). Bernard-Germain-\xc3\x89tienne de la Ville, Comte de Lac\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xa8de wrote the introduction and the articles on the Lioness and the Tiger. \xc3\x89tienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire contributed three articles as well.\nThe 41 copperplates were all engraved by Simon-Charles Miger, after drawings by Nicolas Mar\xc3\xa9chal (36), Pierre-Fran\xc3\xa7ois de Wailly (4) and Nicolas Huet (1) (see table IV). Mar\xc3\xa9chal\xe2\x80\x99s death, a general slackness in the printer\xe2\x80\x99s trade, and the great success of the published (\xe2\x80\x9cpocket\xe2\x80\x9d) edition in 12mo were perhaps responsible for the discontinuation of the 2nd edition in folio.