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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,200)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (858)
  • 1970-1974  (3,058)
  • 1974  (3,058)
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  • 1970-1974  (3,058)
Year
  • 1
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    Appendices for the Space Applications program, 1974 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: To achieve truly low cost system design with direct evolution for inorbit shuttle resupply, a modular building block approach has been adopted. The heart of the modular building block concept lies in the ability to use a common set of nonoptimized subsystems in such a way that a wide variety of missions can be flown with no detrimental impact on performance. By standardizing the mechanical configurations and electrical interfaces of the subsystem modules, and by designing each of them to be structurally and thermally independent entities, it is possible to cluster these building blocks or modules about an instrument system so as to adequately perform the mission without the need for subsystem redevelopments for each mission. This system concept offers the following capabilities: (1) the ability to launch and orbit the observatory by either the Delta, the Titan, or the space shuttle. (2) the ability to completely reconfigure the spacecraft subsystems for different launch vehicles, and (3) the ability to perform in-orbit resupply and/or emergency retrieval of the observatory.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70205
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Quasars, pulsars, black holes and HEAO's (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Astronomical surveys are discussed by large X-ray, gamma ray, and cosmic ray instruments carried onboard high-energy astronomy observatories. Quasars, pulsars, black holes, and the ultimate benefits of the new astronomy are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-EP-120
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The geologic setting of Boulder 1, Station 2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Apollo 17 landed on the flat floor of a deep, narrow valley embayed in the mountainous highlands that comprise the southeastern rim of Mare Serenitatis. Serenitatis is one of the youngest multiringed basins on the lunar nearside and is underlain by a mascon. The valley of Taurus-Littrow, which is radial to the basin, is generally interpreted as a graben formed as a result of structural adjustments of the lunar crust in response to the Serenitatis event.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples From Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 1-8
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Skylab mission report, third visit (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An evaluation is presented of the operational and engineering aspects of the third Skylab visit, including information on the performance of the command and service module and the experiment hardware, the crew's evaluation of the visit, and other visit-related areas of interest such as biomedical observations. The specific areas discussed are contained in the following: (1) solar physics and astrophysics investigations; (2) Comet Kohoutek experiments; (3) medical experiments; (4) earth observations, including data for the multispectral photographic facility, the earth terrain camera, and the microwave radiometer/scattermometer and altimeter; (5) engineering and technology experiments; (6) food and medical operational equipment; (7) hardware and experiment anomalies; and (8) mission support, mission objectives, flight planning, and launch phase summary. Conclusions discussed as a result of the third visit to Skylab involve the advancement of the sciences, practical applications, the durability of man and systems in space, and spaceflight effectiveness and economy.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70385 , JSC-08963
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Preliminary results on the atmospheres of Io and Jupiter from the Pioneer 10 S-band occultation experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The preliminary analysis of data from the Pioneer 10 S-band radio occultation experiment has revealed the presence of an ionosphere on the Jovian satellite Io having an electron density peak of about 60,000 electrons per cubic centimeter at an altitude of approximately 60 to 140 kilometers. This suggests the presence of an atmosphere having a surface number density of about 10 billion to one trillion per cubic centimeter, corresponding to an atmospheric surface pressure of between .1 and 10 nanobar, at or below the detection threshold of the Beta Scorpii stellar occultation. A measurement of the atmosphere of Jupiter was obtained down to the level of about 80 millibars, indicating a large temperature increase at about the 20 millibar level, which cannot be explained by the absorption of solar radiation by methane alone and can possibly be due to absorption by particulate matter.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Pioneer 10 mission - Summary of scientific results from the encounter with Jupiter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Data on the Jovian atmosphere and radiation environment transmitted by Pioneer 10 as it passed by Jupiter are discussed. The presence of a strong magnetic field, of energetic electron precursers, and of flat disk-shaped particle distribution is noted at a distance of 360 Jovian radii from the planet. Previously available data on Jovian satellites are augmented from Pioneer 10 data. The normal operation of the data collecting and transmitting systems of the mission after encounter with Jupiter is noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Computation of solar perturbations with Poisson series (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Description of a project for computing first-order perturbations of natural or artificial satellites by integrating the equations of motion on a computer with automatic Poisson series expansions. A basic feature of the method of solution is that the classical variation-of-parameters formulation is used rather than rectangular coordinates. However, the variation-of-parameters formulation uses the three rectangular components of the disturbing force rather than the classical disturbing function, so that there is no problem in expanding the disturbing function in series. Another characteristic of the variation-of-parameters formulation employed is that six rather unusual variables are used in order to avoid singularities at the zero eccentricity and zero (or 90 deg) inclination. The integration process starts by assuming that all the orbit elements present on the right-hand sides of the equations of motion are constants. These right-hand sides are then simple Poisson series which can be obtained with the use of the Bessel expansions of the two-body problem in conjunction with certain interation methods. These Poisson series can then be integrated term by term, and a first-order solution is obtained.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conference on the Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations; Octoboer 19-20, 1972; Austin, TX
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Calculation of precision satellite orbits with nonsingular elements /VOP formulation/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Review of some results obtained in an effort to develop efficient, high-precision trajectory computation processes for artificial satellites by optimum selection of the form of the equations of motion of the satellite and the numerical integration method. In particular, the matching of a Gaussian variation-of-parameter (VOP) formulation is considered which is expressed in terms of equinoctial orbital elements and partially decouples the motion of the orbital frame from motion within the orbital frame. The performance of the resulting orbit generators is then compared with the popular classical Cowell/Gauss-Jackson formulation/integrator pair for two distinctly different orbit types - namely, the orbit of the ATS satellite at near-geosynchronous conditions and the near-circular orbit of the GEOS-C satellite at 1000 km.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conference on the Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations; Octoboer 19-20, 1972; Austin, TX
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  • 9
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    Interaction of gases with lunar materials (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The surface chemistry of Apollo 17 lunar fines samples 74220 (the orange soil) and 74241 (the gray control soil) has been studied by measuring the adsorption of nitrogen, argon, and oxygen (all at 77 K) and also water vapor (at 20 or 22 C). In agreement with results for samples from other missions, both samples had low initial specific surface areas, consisted of nonporous particles, and were attacked by water vapor at high relative pressure to give an increased specific surface area and create a pore system which gave rise to a capillary condensation hysteresis loop in the adsorption isotherms. In contrast to previous samples, both of the Apollo 17 soils were partially hydrophobic in their initial interaction with water vapor (both samples were completely hydrophilic after the reaction with water). The results are consistent with formation at high temperatures without subsequent exposure to significant amounts of water.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-134290
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Interplanetary space - A new laboratory for rarefied gas dynamics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Interplanetary space provides simultaneously the best vacuum available to man and, because of the solar wind, a tenuous and unsteady high-speed outflow of predominantly hydrogen gas from the sun, a remarkable variety of rarefied gasdynamics phenomena to observe. This paper provides a review of these phenomena, and of the way in which the present level of understanding has been achieved.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics; Jul 10, 1972 - Jul 14, 1972; Stanford, CA
    Format: text
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