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  • 1
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Plastics are pervasive contaminants worldwide, accumulating from the poles to the equator, spanning pristine environments to deep ocean basins.This workexplores how seasonal variations in a floodplain influence the ingestion of plastics by freshwater fish and systematically examines trends and gaps in Brazilian research related to plastic pollution.Additionally, the potential relationship between anthropogenic activities and the amounts of plastic found in Brazilian aquatic environmentswas investigated.Among the 23 fish species analyzed in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, nine were ingested plastics, and the particles were associated with fishingactivity and domestic waste. Seasonality played a crucial role in the amounts of plastic ingested by these species, with the highest number of particles recorded during the wet season. As for trends and gaps in Brazilian research on plastic pollution, a substantial number of publications related to marine environments, microplastics, and fishwas identified. Conversely, freshwater environments and invertebrates are underexplored.Considering the distribution of studies within Brazilian biomes, the Pantanaland Cerrado had the lowest number of publications—an alarming trend considering the significant rivers and basins they house.Finally, themodels were unable to find strong and significant correlations between the number of plastics and anthropogenic activities in Brazilian municipalities.The lack of significant relationships may be attributed to the limitations of our dataset, specificallydue to the low number of studies.Nevertheless, other factors influenced the quantities of plastic detected.In biotic samples, the number of ingested plastics was influenced by the animal group, with reptiles, birds, and fish being the most affected groups. For abiotic samples, the type of environment emerged as a significant factor.In sediment samples, the quantity of plastics was higher in estuarine and freshwater environments. In water samples, the quantity of plastics was higher exclusively in freshwater environments.The finds of this workcontribute to new research on plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic environments, expanding theunderstanding of the dynamics of plastics in freshwater environments and their interaction with various organisms.
    Description: Plásticos são contaminantes onipresentes no planeta, acumulando-se dos polos ao equador, desde ambientes pristinos em grandes altitudes até bacias oceânicas profundas. Investigou-se como a ingestão de plásticos por peixes de água doce é influenciada pelas variações sazonais de uma planície de inundação, bem como as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira em relação a poluição plástica. Investigou-se também a possível relação entre atividades antropogênicas e as quantidades de plástico encontradas nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Das 23 espécies de peixes analisadas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, nove ingeriram plásticos, e as partículas encontradas são associadas com a atividade pesqueira e o lixo doméstico. A sazonalidade promovida pelo ciclo hidrológico desempenhou um papel importante nas quantidades de plásticos ingeridas por essas espécies, onde o maior número de partículas foi registrado durante o período de cheias. Em relação as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira sobre a poluição plástica, encontrou-se um grande número de publicações para ambientes marinhos, microplásticos e peixes. Ambientes de água doce e invertebrados permanecem pouco estudados no país. Considerando a distribuição dos estudos dentro dos biomas brasileiros, Pantanal e Cerrado foram os biomas com o menor número de publicações, um fato preocupante visto os importantes rios e bacias que estes abrigam. Por fim, os modelos não encontraram correlações entre a quantidade de plásticos e as atividades antropogênicas dos municípios brasileiros. A ausência dessas relações pode estar relacionada às limitações do conjunto de dados, especificamente devido ao baixo número de estudos com dados disponíveis. Entretanto, outros fatores influenciaram as quantidades de plásticos encontradas. Em amostras bióticas, o número de plásticos ingeridos esteve associado ao grupo animal, sendo os répteis, aves e peixes os mais afetados. Para amostras abióticas, o tipo de ambiente foi um fator influente. Em amostras de sedimento o número de plásticos foi maior para ambientes estuarinos e de água doce. Para as amostras de água, o número de plásticos foi maior apenas para ambientes de água doce. Devido aos efeitos negativos da poluição plástica e à importância econômica e ecológica das espécies afetadas, os resultados desse estudo representam um passo importante na avaliação dos impactos gerados nas populações de peixes de água doce pela ingestão de plásticos. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam para o direcionamento de novas pesquisas em relação a poluição plástica nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros, e que estes estudos expandam nosso conhecimento sobre a dinâmica dos plásticos em ambientes de água doce, assim como sua interação com diferentes organismos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Organismos de água doce ; Peixes de água doce ; Ecossistemas aquáticos de água doce ; Ingestão de plásticos ; Poluição aquática ; Plásticos ; Impactos ambientais ; Impactos antropogênicos ; Revisão sistemática ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::O::Organisms (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::P::Pollution ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic effects ; ASFA_2015::S::Systematics ; ASFA_2015::P::Plastics ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 106pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Aim Species have different distribution patterns across the globe and among biogeographical regions. The Nearctic and Palaearctic regions share lineages because of their parallel biogeographic histories and ecological conditions. As the number of phylogenetic studies increases, there are more insights into past exchange events between these two regions and their effects on the current distribution of diversity. However, several groups have not been tested and an overall generalization is still missing. Here, we analyse the biogeographic history across multiple genera of odonates to elucidate a general process of species exchange, vicariance and species divergence between these two regions. Location The Holarctic, including the entire Nearctic and the East and West Palaearctic. Taxon 14 genera of Odonata (Insecta). Methods We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for each genus to determine species relationships and divergence time using 3614 COI sequences of 259 species. Biogeographic ancestral range estimation was inferred for each phylogeny using BioGeoBEARS. Preferred habitat (lotic versus lentic) was established for each species. Results Exchange events were not restricted in time, direction or either lentic habitat or lotic habitat. Most genera crossed between both regions only once, and it was mainly across the Beringia, while three diverse anisopteran genera revealed multiple exchanges. Recent exchanges during the Pleistocene were associated with cold-dwelling and lentic species. Main Conclusions Our finding reveals the absence of a generalizable pattern of species exchange and divergence between the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions; instead, we found lineage-specific biogeographic patterns. This finding highlights the complexity of drivers and functional traits that shaped current diversity patterns. Moreover, it emphasizes that general conclusions cannot be formulated based on one single clade.
    Keywords: biogeography ; climate change ; damselflies ; dragonflies ; Holarctic
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Carrying out laboratory experiments is usually a time-consuming process. In addition, the options for varying parameter studies are limited and adjustments to the design of the measuring equipment are often not possible at all. In order to circumvent these limitations, we supplement our laboratory experiments with virtual experiments as best as possible. For this purpose, we have expanded our finite element library FEMALY [1] to include the so-called complete electrode model [2], which allows us to simulate electrodes of any shape for DC and IP applications and also provides us with explicit mathematical expressions for calculating sensitivities [3]. As a first case study, we consider an IP measurement on a measuring cylinder with embedded ring electrodes to virtually reproduce the time-varying change of the apparent resistivity for laboratory tracer experiments (Figure 1). We present the real and imaginary part of the sensitivity distribution of the underlying measurement configuration that confirms our initial assumption that the actual electrode surface shape has a relatively small influence on the observed measurement quantities.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
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    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The Atacama Desert along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera is a unique landscape to understand the Earth's evolution in hyper-arid and arid environments. The Paranal clay pan has studied by the CRC 1211 project to recover a continuous climate record for paleoclimate research. The goal is to provide the sedimentary architecture and bedrock topography of the Paranal site by interpreting multidimensional inversion of loop source transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. A total of 133 TEM soundings were carried out using a central loop configuration, with a transmitter loop size of 40×40 m2 and a receiver of about 10×10 m2. The TEM data was processed and analyzed, exhibiting high-quality data, with an average of noise level of about ηnoi = 3·10−10V/Am2. The 1D Occam inversion results exhibits a clear three-layered resistivitydepth structure with a second conductive layer of roughly 20 Ωm. The clay pan's resistivity distribution is well-resolved with a global misfit of around 1.1. However, the study site showed 2D effects that were stronlgy visible at the edges of the clay pan, leading to misinterpretations of the TEM data. This was confirmed based on 2D forward modelling. In this manner, to better deal with the observed 2D distortions in the TEM data and to derive a more accurate geometry of the clay pan, the recently developed Julia Package (3DTEMinv) for time-domain 3D inversion and modeling data was performed. The resulting 3D inversion presents a high convergence rate, and acceptable solutions are obtained after ten iterations with a good misfit of about 1.6. The 3D model exhibits a well-resolved geometry of the clay pan, with a high resolution of the derived conductive body. The drill core results confirm the 1D and 3D TEM models at the center of the clay pan, which is in good agreement with the resulting lithology with a maximum thickness of about 171 m depth and a weathered granodioritic bedrock below. These results agree with the local and regional geological context, improving the understanding of sediment deposition and transportation in this hilly and arid environment.
    Language: English
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The transition towards renewable energies demands secure supply with critical raw material and requires efficient non-invasive methods for deep earth resources exploration. The novel DESMEX (Deep electromagnetic sounding for mineral exploration) semi-airborne electromagnetic (semi-AEM) exploration concept aims at efficient exploration of resources down to 1 km depth. Here we present a large-scale semi-AEM exploration study in a graphite mining district in eastern Bavaria, Germany. At the ground, several horizontal electrical dipole transmitters were deployed and helicopter-towed magnetic field sensors measure the EM fields along flight lines within several overlapping flight areas, providing a fast data acquisition and a high spatial coverage. Imaged shallow high conductivity structures can be correlated with graphite-rich zones and match well with existing helicopter-borne EM results. The presence of graphite leads to significant induced polarization (IP) effects with considerably high chargeabilities superposing electromagnetic induction. We include these effects in a realistic 3D inversion using a synthetic data study to analyse, if the IP effect alters the overall conductivity structure and demonstrate that the obtained 3D model is reliable.
    Language: English
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Transient electromagnetic (TEM) data can be significantly distorted by induced polarization (IP) effect, leading to a sign reversal feature and, if overlooked, false geological interpretation. The aim of this paper is to incorporate IP effects in the forward modelling and recover the distorted TEM data using an efficient inversion algorithm. To achieve this aim, we developed a 1D forward solver to incorporate the IP effects using various IP parameterizations including Cole-Cole, maximum phase angle (MPA), maximum imaginary conductivity (MIC) (Fiandaca et al., 2018) and the Jeffrey transform of Cole-Cole parameters (Ghorbani et al., 2007). For 1D inversion of distorted TEM data we used Levenberg-Marquardt and very fast simulated annealing algorithms. The result of 1D forward calculation and inversion of synthetic IPdistorted TEM data revealed that, for incorporation the IP effects into the TEM data, the Cole- Cole parametrization is more robust and reliable than MPA, MIC, and Jeffrey transform. Moreover, the result of inversion using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is strongly depends on the starting model. We successfully implemented these algorithms for 1D inversion of synthetic IP-affected TEM data (Fig. 1 ). For synthetic data generation, a 3-layered half space model with the thickness of the first and second layers of 5 m was considered. The resistivities of the layers from top to bottom are 10, 5 and 300 Ωm, respectively. To include the IP effect, second layer considered to be chargeable with Cole-Cole parameters of m = 0.5, τ = 0.01 s and c = 0.5. TEM central-loop configuration with a loop size of 50*50 m2 and step-off current of 1 A with a zero ramp time was used for data simulation. We evaluated the performance of our algorithm using field data, successfully.
    Language: English
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