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  • American Institute of Physics  (37,419)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (28,447)
  • 1985-1989  (65,866)
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  • 1
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    American Institute of Physics
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78 (4). pp. 1348-1355.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Additional data from sonobuoys and the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) justify separating sound‐velocity‐depth functions and velocity gradients (in the first layer of soft marine sediments) into some geographic areas and sediment types. Based on sonobuoy and core measurements (where V is sound velocity in km/s, and h is depth in sediments in km), the following data are obtained: continental shelf basins off Sumatra and Java—V=1.484+0.710h−0.085h2; U. S. Atlantic continental rise—V=1.513+0.828h−0.138h2; deep‐sea terrigenous sediments—V=1.519+1.227h−0.473h2; and siliceous sediments of the Bering Sea— V=1.509+0.869h−0.267h2. Selected DSDP data (through leg 74) in similar areas yield: continental terrace silt–clays—V=1.505+0.712h; deep‐sea terrigenous sediments—V=1.510+1.019h; and deep‐sea siliceous sediments—V=1.533+0.761h. Computed velocity gradients from sonobuoy measurements are generally supported by the DSDP gradients. Only DSDP data give the following: hemipelagic sediments—V=1.501+1.151h; deep‐sea calcareous sediments—V=1.541+0.928h; and deep‐sea pelagic clay—V=1.526+1.046h. Where fast sediment accumulation occurs, there has not been enough time to reduce sediment pore spaces under overburden pressure; areas of slow accumulation may have relatively high sediment structural strength. Both cases have lower velocity gradients because higher porosities and consequent lower velocities persist to deeper depths.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    American Institute of Physics
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78 (6). pp. 2115-2121.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: The acoustic backscatter of eight well‐curated ferromanganese nodules has been measured in 1 °C seawater at frequencies from 45 to 167 kHz. The nodules have diameters from 37 to 121 mm and are thought to be representative of the Cu–Ni–Co‐rich nodules from the area around 14° 40’ N, 125° 25’ W (DOMES site C). They had been collected in box cores on the Echo 1 expedition and were kept refrigerated and water soaked in air‐tight plastic bags. Acoustic backscatter variations of over 10 dB were observed while the nodule was rotated 10° to 30° about one of its principal axes. The complicated fine structure, as well as the target strength, makes it clear that nodules cannot be modeled as simple spheres.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: AbstractIn a technology driven industry, emergence of a new technology can trigger changes in the associated market structure and in the nature of competitive forces – changes herein defined as an industry paradigm shift. Biotechnology has precipitated such a paradigm shift in the ethical pharmaceutical industry, and one consequence is a proliferation of R&D collaborations. However, this paradigm shift is occurring at the same time that global competition is intensifying, and biotechnology R&D collaboration has become a tool in the geopolitical strategies of the major industrial nations. Government intervention to promote such collaborations can have deleterious long-term effects, as described earlier for the semiconductor industry. These effects are posed again for biotechnology and the ethical pharmaceutical industry, in the hopes of provoking a dialogue among concerned parties. These issues must be addressed soon, if the competitive position of this industry –as well as governments and universities – is not to be compromised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: AbstractR&D project managers work in an environment in which the uncertainty and complexity of engineering development problems are an important source of episodic job stress. A study of the US. Navy's top major project R&D managers (N = 118) was conducted to test the use of various coping skills and social support as preventive stress management techniques for this population. It was found that perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) had a direct, positive effect on psychological distress of these project managers while social support had a therapeutic effect on their experience of burnout. While problem focussed coping had a small, positive effect on burnout, neither coping skills nor social support were found to have a primary prevention effect upon perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU).Engineering managers engaged in high technology R&D are confronted by a wide range of uncertainties, risks and changing demands that give rise to the stress response with its attendant physiological and psychological changes (Asterita, 1985). Adams (1980) has argued that an episodic versus chronic dichotomy of stressors is valuable because it distinguishes between intermittent stressors of finite duration (episodic) and ongoing stressors of indeterminant duration (chronic). This article reports the results of a study of uncertainty as an episodic work stressor for the U.S. Navy's high technology R&D project managers. The results suggest that R&D project managers should develop social support systems and structures to maintain well-being and avert distress and strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: AbstractStrategic management researchers are showing increasing interest in the interface technology and strategic management. This paper provides a literature review focussing on theory development and empirical examination. It also indicates some of the more common strategic responses and prescriptions which have been proposed to manage technology. A set of issues for guiding future research are suggested and research designs for handling some of these research hypotheses are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: AbstractA survey of the US patent database has yielded indicators to trends in technology innovations. Three types of indicator were developed, namely technology maturity, growth potential and product vs process innovations. The patent data show how innovations in one technology area are linked to other technologies and a measure of these links was incorporated into the above trend indicators. Results have a wide range of applications, including assessment of technological opportunities and helping a company in the analysis of strategic alternatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: AbstractThis paper focusses on technologies which have failed to reach the marketplace for reasons which are connected more with the organization in which they were developed than with the technology itself. They are referred to as stagnant technologies.Such technologies can clearly be exploited via joint ventures; however there can be problems of finding a suitable partner and managing the partnership when one has been found. To overcome such problems a role for a third party is suggested which has been called the catalyst firm. Such a firm can be involved in identifying stagnant technologies, locating a suitable partner, and assisting in the management of the partnership through to commercialization.This approach is central to the activities of Aprotec, a Manchester-based company specializing in the development and commercialization of new technologies, which plays the role of the catalyst firm. Experience to date is described in the paper, and a case study is used to show how the approach has been successfully applied in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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