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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (21)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems  (10)
  • Elsevier  (27)
  • 2010-2014  (27)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: A geochemical survey of 197 fluid discharges (cold and thermal waters and bubbling pools) and 15 gas emissions from the western sector of the Sabatini Volcanic District and the Tolfa Mountains (Latium, Central Italy) was carried out in 2007–2008. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid discharges indicate the occurrence of two main sources: 1) relatively shallow aquifers with Ca(Na,K)–HCO3 and Ca(Mg)–HCO3 compositions when trapped in volcanic and sedimentary formations, respectively; and 2) a deep reservoir, which is hosted in the Mesozoic carbonate sequence, rich in CO2 and having a Ca–SO4(HCO3) composition. Dissolution of a CO2-rich gas phase into the shallow aquifers produces high-TDS and high-pCO2 cold waters, while oxidation of deep-derived H2S to SO4 2− generates low-pH (b4) sulfate waters. The δ13C–CO2 values for gas emissions (from−2.8 to+2.7‰vs. VPDB) suggest that the origin of CO2 associated with the deep fluids ismainly related to thermo-metamorphic reactions within the carbonate reservoir, although significant mantle contribution may also occur. However, R/Ra values (0.37–0.62) indicate that He is mainly produced by a crustal source, with a minor component from a crust-contaminated mantle. On the basis of the δ13C–CH4 and δD–CH4 values (from −25.7 to −19.5‰ vs. VPDB and from −152 to −93.4‰ vs. VSMOW, respectively) CH4 production is associated with thermogenic processes, possibly related to abiogenic CO2 reduction within the carbonate reservoir. The δ34S–H2S values (from+9.3 to +10.4‰ vs. VCDT) are consistent with the hypothesis of a sedimentary source of sulfur from thermogenic reduction of Triassic sulfates. Geothermometric evaluations based on chemical equilibria CO2–CH4 and, separately, H2S suggest that the reservoir equilibriumtemperature is up to ~300 °C. The δDand δ18O data indicate thatwater recharging both the shallow and deep aquifers has a meteoric origin. Fluid geochemistry, coupled with gravimetric data and tectonic lineaments, supports the idea that significant contributions from a deep-seated geothermal brine are present in the Stigliano thermal fluid discharges. Exploration surveys investigated this area during 70's–90's for geothermal purposes. Nevertheless, presently the area is still under-exploited. The presence of thermal waters and anomalous heat flow together with the demographic growth of the last years,makes this site a suitable location for direct applications of the geothermal resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 160-181
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geochemistry Water Gas Stable isotope Geothermometry Central Italy ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: No eruption, no caldera collapse, and no landslide can take place in a volcano unless its state of stress is suitable for the associated type of rock failure. The state of stress, in turn, results in deformation, and both stress and deformation depend on the mechanical properties of the rocks that constitute the volcano. Understanding stress and deformation in volcanoes is thus of fundamental importance for understanding unrest periods and for accurate forecasting volcano failure, such as may result in large-scale lateral and vertical collapses and eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-3
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stress, deformation, volcano tectonics, physical propertie of volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-11
    Description: The CO2 laser-based lidar ATLAS has been used to study the Stromboli volcano plume. ATLAS measured water vapor concentration in cross-sections of the plume and wind speed at the crater. Water vapor concentration and wind speed were retrieved by differential absorption lidar and correlation technique, respectively. Lidar returns were obtained up to a range of 3 km. The spatial resolution was 15 mand the temporal resolution was 20 s. By combining these measurements, the water vapor flux in the Stromboli volcano plume was found. To our knowledge, it is the first time that lidar retrieves water vapor concentrations in a volcanic plume.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1295–1298
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lidar ; Volcanic plume ; DIAL ; Water vapor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: Degassing activity from marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents represents a natural important source of trace elements of particular ecotoxicological concern, such as Hg, Cd, Pb, and As. In 2002, on November 3rd, a submarine area of the Aeolian Archipelago (Italy) was affected by an exceptional hydrothermal activity, presumably associated to a significant trace element release. This study developed in the highest impacted area, was focused on different environmental matrices (water, sediment, primary producers, and fishes) with the aim to evaluate on a statistical basis temporal dynamics involving trace elements closed to the emission source. Results evidenced that this event produced significant changes in water column, modifying the general assessment of the chemical descriptors selected (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, Br, SO4 2-, HCO3 -). Furthermore, the degassing activity represents a significant input of Hg, Cd, Pb, and As for all of the sampled matrices, being it responsible of the higher levels observed in the study area compared to controls. Concentrations measured in sediments and biota (Cystoseira compressa, Serranus cabrilla) at temporal intervals of ten months distanced, supported the occurrence of different time scale dynamics which are both element and matrix-dependent. In particular, levels of Cd and As measured in liver tissues of S. cabrilla evidenced a significant trend to increase with the time, allowing to exclude a quick recovery of the study area. Measured values in edible fishes tissues are, also, notably higher than risk limits proposed by the 2001/22/CE Directive for human consumption, so, local-based caught have to be accurately regulated to avoid the occurrence of diet over-exposure.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10-28
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: trace elements ; hydrothermal vents ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Na–HCO3–CO2-rich thermomineral waters issue in the N of Portugal, within the Galicia-Trás-os-Montes region, linked to a major NNE-trending fault, the so-called Penacova-Régua-Verin megalineament. Along this tectonic structure different occurrences of CO2-rich thermomineral waters are found: Chaves hot waters (67 °C) and also several cold (16.1 °C) CO2-rich waters. The δ2H and δ18O values of the thermomineral waters are similar to those of the local meteoric waters. The chemical composition of both hot and cold mineral waters suggests that water–rock reactions are mainly controlled by the amount of dissolved CO2 (g) rather than by the water temperature. Stable carbon isotope data indicate an external CO2 inorganic origin for the gas. δ13CCO2 values ranging between −7.2‰ and −5.1‰ are consistent with a two-component mixture between crustal and mantle-derived CO2. Such an assumption is supported by the 3He/4He ratios measured in the gas phase, are between 0.89 and 2.68 times the atmospheric ratio (Ra). These ratios which are higher than that those expected for a pure crustal origin (≈0.02 Ra), indicating that 10 to 30% of the He has originated from the upper mantle. Release of deep-seated fluids having a mantle-derived component in a region without recent volcanic activity indicates that extensive neo-tectonic structures originating during the Alpine Orogeny are still active (i.e., the Chaves Depression).
    Description: Published
    Description: 49-56
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: CO2-rich thermomineral waters ; mantle volatiles ; isotopes ; Chaves geothermal system ; N-Portugal ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The quaternary volcanic complex of Mount Amiata is located in southern Tuscany (Italy) and represents the most recent manifestation of the Tuscan Magmatic Province. The region is characterised by a large thermal anomaly and by the presence of numerous CO2-rich gas emissions and geothermal features, mainly located at the periphery of the volcanic complex. Two geothermal systems are located, at increasing depths, in the carbonate and metamorphic formations beneath the volcanic complex. The shallow volcanic aquifer is separated from the deep geothermal systems by a low permeability unit (Ligurian Unit). A measured CO2 discharge through soils of 1.8 109 mol a 1 shows that large amounts of CO2 move from the deep reservoir to the surface. A large range in d13CTDIC ( 21.07 to +3.65) characterises the waters circulating in the aquifers of the region and the mass and isotopic balance of TDIC allows distinguishing a discharge of 0.3 109 mol a 1 of deeply sourced CO2 in spring waters. The total natural CO2 discharge (2.1 109 mol a 1) is slightly less than minimum CO2 output estimated by an indirect method (2.8 109 mol a 1), but present-day release of 5.8 109 mol a 1 CO2 from deep geothermal wells may have reduced natural CO2 discharge. The heat transported by groundwater, computed considering the increase in temperature from the infiltration area to the discharge from springs, is of the same order of magnitude, or higher, than the regional conductive heat flow (〉200 mWm 2) and reaches extremely high values (up to 2700mWm 2) in the north-eastern part of the study area. Heat transfer occurs mainly by conductive heating in the volcanic aquifer and by uprising gas and vapor along fault zones and in those areas where low permeability cover is lacking. The comparison of CO2 flux, heat flow and geological setting shows that near surface geology and hydrogeological setting play a central role in determining CO2 degassing and heat transfer patterns.
    Description: Published
    Description: 860–875
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide degassing ; Monte Amiata ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: We present a new method for measuring SO2 with the data from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance radiometer) orbital sensor. The method consists of adjusting the SO2 column amount until the ratios of radiance simulated on several ASTER bands match the observations. We present a sensitivity analysis for this method, and two case studies. The sensitivity analysis shows that the selected band ratios depend much less on atmospheric humidity, sulfate aerosols, surface altitude and emissivity than the raw radiances. Measurements with b25% relative precision are achieved, but only when the thermal contrast between the plume and the underlying surface is higher than 10 K. For the case studies we focused on Miyakejima and Etna, two volcanoes where SO2 is measured regularly by COSPEC or scanning DOAS. The SO2 fluxes computed from a series of ten images of Miyakejima over the period 2000–2002 is in agreement with the long term trend of measurement for this volcano. On Etna, we compared SO2 column amounts measured by ASTER with those acquired simultaneously by ground-based automated scanning DOAS. The column amounts compare quite well, providing a more rigorous validation of the method. The SO2 maps retrieved with ASTER can provide quantitative insights into the 2D structure of non-eruptive volcanic plumes, their dispersion and their progressive depletion in SO2.
    Description: R.C. was supported by a grant from F.R.I.A (Fond pour la Recherche Industrielle et Appliquée). GGS acknowledges a PhD grant funded by the project “Sviluppo di sistemi di monitoraggio” funded by Dipartimento di Protezione Civile della Regione Sicilia, INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Catania—Italy) and NOVAC (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change) EU-funded FP6 project no. 18354. P-F. C. is research associate with FRS-FNRS and benefited from its financial support (F.4511.08).
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-54
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: remote sensing, SO2, ASTER, DOAS, Etna, Miyakejima ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The volcano–hydrothermal system of El Chichón volcano, Chiapas, Mexico, is characterized by numerous thermal manifestations including an acid lake, steam vents and boiling springs in the crater and acid and neutral hot springs and steaming ground on the flanks. Previous research on major element chemistry reveals that thermal waters of El Chichón can be divided in two groups: (1) neutral waters discharging in the crater and southern slopes of the volcano with chloride content ranging from 1500 to 2200 mg/l and (2) acid-toneutral waters with Cl up to 12,000 mg/l discharging at the western slopes. Our work supports the concept that each group of waters is derived from a separate aquifer (Aq. 1 and Aq. 2). In this study we apply Sr isotopes, Ca/Sr ratios and REE abundances along with the major and trace element water chemistry in order to discriminate and characterize these two aquifers. Waters derived from Aq. 1 are characterized by 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.70407 to 0.70419, while Sr concentrations range from 0.1 to 4 mg/l and Ca/Sr weight ratios from 90 to 180, close to average values for the erupted rocks. Waters derived from Aq. 2 have 87Sr/86Sr between 0.70531 and 0.70542, high Sr concentrations up to 80 mg/l, and Ca/Sr ratio of 17–28. Aquifer 1 is most probably shallow, composed of volcanic rocks and situated beneath the crater, within the volcano edifice. Aquifer 2 may be situated at greater depth in sedimentary rocks and by some way connected to the regional oil-gas field brines. The relative water output (l/s) from both aquifers can be estimated as Aq. 1/Aq. 2– 30. Both aquifers are not distinguishable by their REE patterns. The total concentration of REE, however, strongly depends on the acidity. All neutral waters including high-salinity waters from Aq. 2 have very low total REE concentrations (b0.6 μg/l) and are characterized by a depletion in LREE relative to El Chichón volcanic rock, while acid waters from the crater lake (Aq. 1) and acid AS springs (Aq. 2) have parallel profile with total REE concentration from 9 to 98 μg/l. The highest REE concentration (207 μg/l) is observed in slightly acid shallow cold Ca-SO4 ground waters draining fresh and old pyroclastic deposits rich in magmatic anhydrite. It is suggested that the main mechanism controlling the concentration of REE in waters of El Chichón is the acidity. As low pH results from the shallow oxidation of H2S contained in hydrothermal vapors, REE distribution in thermal waters reflects the dissolution of volcanic rocks close to the surface or lake sediments as is the case for the crater lake.
    Description: -
    Description: Published
    Description: 55-66
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hydrogeochemistry ; geothermal systems ; Sr isotopes ; REE ; El Chichón Volcano ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-10-13
    Description: Deformation sources in volcanic areas are generally modeled in terms of pressurized tri-axial ellipsoids or pressurized cracks with simple geometrical shapes, embedded in a homogeneous half-space. However, the assumption of a particular source mechanism and the neglect of medium heterogeneities bias significantly the estimate of source parameters. A more general approach describes the deformation source in terms of a suitable moment tensor. Ratios between moment tensor eigenvalues are shown to provide a strong diagnostic tool for the physical interpretation of the deformation source and medium heterogeneities may be accounted for through 3D finite element computations. Leveling and EDM data, collected during the 1982–84 unrest episode at Campi Flegrei (Italy), are employed to retrieve the complete moment tensor according to a Bayesian inversion procedure, considering the heterogeneous elastic structure of the volcanic area. Best fitting moment tensors are found to be incompatible with any pressurized ellipsoid or crack. Taking into account the deflation of a deeper magma reservoir, which accompanies the inflation of a shallower source, data fit improves considerably but the retrieved moment tensor of the shallow source is found to be incompatible with pressurized ellipsoids, still. Looking for alternative physical models of the dislocation source, we find that the best fit moment tensor can be best interpreted in terms of a mixed mode (shear and tensile) dislocation at 5.5 km depth, striking EW and dipping by ~25°–30° to the North. Gravity changes are found to be compatible with the intrusion of ~60–70·10^6 m^3 of volatile rich magma with density ~2400 kg/m^3.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-185
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic source ; unrest ; finite element ; inverse theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Questo lavoro ha analizzato i risultati del monitoraggio termico delle eruzioni di Stromboli del 2002-2003 e 2007, ed ha mostrato come prima di ogni parossisma il volume di lava eruttato nel corso dell’attività effusiva sia stato confrontabile. Questa osservazione ha fatto ipotizzare l’esistenza di una decompressione critica nel sistema di alimentazione superficiale del vulcano, raggiungibile anche lentamente, che innesca la veloce risalita del magma ricco in gas, responsabile dei parossismi. Durante l’attività effusiva, a questa decompressione critica è associabile una soglia di volume di magma emesso, che diventa la misura discriminante per valutare la fase critica del vulcano e predire il parossisma.
    Description: The 2007 effusive eruption of Stromboli followed a similar pattern to the previous 2002-3 episode. In both cases, magma ascent led to breaching of the uppermost part of the conduit forming an eruptive fissure that discharged lava down the Sciara del Fuoco depression. Both eruptions also displayed a ‟paroxysmal„ explosive event during lava flow output. From daily effusion rate measurements retrieved from helicopter- and satellite-based infrared imaging, we deduce that the cumulative volume of lava erupted before each of the two paroxysms was similar. Based on this finding, we propose a conceptual model to explain why both paroxysms occurred after this „threshold‟ cumulative volume of magma was erupted. The gradual decompression of the deep plumbing system induced by magma withdrawal and eruption, drew deeper volatile-rich magma into the conduit, leading to the paroxysms. The proposed model might provide a basis for forecasting paroxysmal explosions during future effusive eruptions of Stromboli.
    Description: This paper was partially supported by a research project (Project INGV-DPC Paroxysm V2/03, 2007–2009) funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and by the Italian Civil Protection. E.R. thanks Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, director of Cen/DTU (Denmark), for logistic support.
    Description: Published
    Description: 317-323
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; effusive eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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