ALBERT

Description: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken on the PROA Expedition in April 1962 until August 1962 by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the R/V Spencer F. Baird. A total of 180 cores and dredges were recovered and are available at Scripps for sampling and study.

Description: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken during the Vema 2 Expedition from July to December 1953 by the Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University from the R/V Vema. An approximate total of 12 cores, dredges and camera stations were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Description: The incidence of Proteocephalus filicollis in Pungitius pungitius, Gasterosteus aculeatus f. hemigymnus and Gasterosteus aculeatus f. trachurus has been studied. It is very low in both forms of Gasterosteus, but 16% of Pungitius was infected. The monthly examination of minimally 27 and maximally 223 Pungitius pungitius indicates that an annual cycle exists neither in the incidence nor in genital development. It seems probable that Proteocephalus filicollis in Pungitius pungitius is less affected by low temperatures than worms of the same species in Gasterosteus aculeatus.\nReference is made to intercurrent helminth infections.

Description: Epiphytic or usually terrestrial ferns with a short fleshy rhizome bearing only one or a few, mostly fleshy, leaves, these erect, petiolate, continuous with the rhizome, the lamina usually divided into a sterile and a stalked fertile portion; veins free or reticulate. Sporangia with a wall composed of several layers of cells, opening with a slit, containing numerous trilete thick-walled subspherical spores of one kind. Four genera, two monotypic, the others with about 60 species of almost world-wide distribution.

Description: The examination of two aberrant Pteropods collected during a trip with the whale factory-ship \xe2\x80\x9dm.s. Willem Barendsz\xe2\x80\x9d led to the conclusion that they were animals in a resting stage. The histology and the anatomy of the totally aberrant soft parts was discussed. The shells of the specimens indicate that these animals are the species Clio antarctica Dall, 1908. One aberrant specimen belonging to the species Clio sulcata (Pfeffer, 1879), collected during the same trip with the whale factory-ship, was examined and it shows that this animal was in a stage between the resting stage and the normal, active, stage. Three specimens of the species Clio pyramidata (Linnaeus, 1767, forma lanceolata (Lesueur, 1813), collected by the Texas and the Dana expedition, were studied as they showed the same aberrations from the normal full grown form as the other three animals previously mentioned. It was clear that the three specimens of the form lanceolata were also in a resting stage and their anatomy and histology were identical with those of the aberrant animals of the species Clio antarctica Dall, 1908.\nThe resting stage seems to have developed from a more specialized stage, as a great store of reserve food was present, while the intestinal duct was not functional and, moreover, the gonad was active.\nThe relation and the distribution of the species Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767, Clio sulcata (Pfeffer, 1879), Clio antarctica Dall, 1908 and Clio martensii (Pfeffer, 1880) was studied and it seems better to consider these species as belonging to one polytypic species and, therefore, as synonymous with Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767. It may be very well possible that Proclio subteres Hubendick, 1951 also belongs to the species Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767. And if that is the case, Proclio subteres Hubendick, 1951 is in all probability synonymous with Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767 forma antarctica (Dall, 1908).

Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Geburt des Kaninchens (multipares S\xc3\xa4ugetier) und des Rindes (unipares S\xc3\xa4ugetier) beschrieben und mit der Geburt anderer S\xc3\xa4uger verglichen. Das Verhalten der Mutter bei der Geburt hat sich nicht ge\xc3\xa4ndert trotz der Domestikation. Die Geburt findet meistens statt zu der Zeit, da die Tiere gew\xc3\xb6hnlich ruhen. Dies wird von Sympathicus-Parasympathicus-Rhythmus bedingt. Die entleerten Uterusteile der Ratte und wahrscheinlich aller Multiparen ziehen sich stark zusammen, weshalb die sp\xc3\xa4teren Jungen keinen l\xc3\xa4ngeren Weg zur Vulva zur\xc3\xbcckzulegen haben und also nicht mehr von Erstickungsgefahr bedroht werden als die ersten.\nDie Lage der uniparen S\xc3\xa4uger kommst zustande infolge Formanbequemung, Gravitation und der Raumverh\xc3\xa4ltnisse in der Bauchh\xc3\xb6hle. Eine ausf\xc3\xbchrlichere Zusammenfassung von Kapitel V findet man auf Seite 23.\nDer erste Atemzug wird ausgel\xc3\xb6st durch die St\xc3\xb6rung des plazentaren Gasstoffwechsels. Nur bei asphyctischen Jungen kann die Atmung einsetzen durch die Wirkung \xc3\xa4usserer Reize (Kap. VI).\nDer spontane Nabelschnurriss der Wale und der Huftiere, ausser dem Schwein und dem Flusspferd, findet statt an einer oder mehreren pr\xc3\xa4formierten Rissstellen. Diese Stellen sind anatomisch und histologisch verschiedenartig gebaut. Bei den Tieren, deren Nabelschnur an einer willk\xc3\xbcrlichen Stelle durchbissen wird oder spontan reisst, sind diese Eigent\xc3\xbcmlichkeiten nicht vorhanden. Eine Zusammenfassung von Kapitel VII findet man auf Seite 46.

Description: During a recent survey of Pacific psammophilous and phycophilous copepods an isolated female Bomolochus was found, the identification of which, in absence of its host, proved to be particularly troublesome. It became necessary to check the descriptions of all species of the genus Bomolochus Von Nordmann, 1832, and of several other genera of Bomolochidae, in the course of which I tried to find a satisfactory grouping of the many species described.\nThis effort in so far proved to be disappointing that a fairly large number of species is so inadequately characterized that recognition, in absence of the host, is next to impossible. Taxonomy of parasitic copepods has, unfortunately, long been influenced by the obstinate notion that each host species should necessarily harbour its own parasitic species. This idea has overstressed the importance of the host, at the cost of information, particularly morphological information, concerning the parasitic animal, so that at present there is an overwhelming number of parasitic copepods of uncertain position, uncertain status or inadequate definition, impeding a much wanted natural grouping of the numerous species of parasitic Copepoda. The importance of complete structural information, especially for those species that are able to leave their host temporarily, cannot be too greatly stressed and it is gratifying to find such information in many of the modern publications (Stock, 1953, 1955; Shen, 1957; Shiino, 1957; Yamaguti, 1936, 1939, 1953, et al.). In the present paper I have presented, in condensed form, all available information on the Bomolochidae; I have suggested a subdivision of the genus Bomolochus, redescribed the female of Bomolochus bellones Burmeister and added the description of two new species. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate the redescription of doubtful or insufficiently described forms, preferably

Description: In the Flora of Tropical Africa C. B. Clarke (6) pointed out that in the collection of \xe2\x80\x9cScleria foliosa Hochst., Abyssinia, prope Chire, Dillon & Petit\xe2\x80\x9d specimens of true S. foliosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. (4) are mixed with some of S. schimperiana Boeck. (1) and that \xe2\x80\x9cit would be very difficult to sort them without looking at the nut\xe2\x80\x9d. He referred S. dillonii Boeck. (2) to the synonymy of S. foliosa, and herein he was followed by all subsequent authors including Nelmes (3) and Robinson (5).\nHowever, already Boeckeler was aware of the fact that the Chire collection is a mixture, and on \xe2\x80\x9cS. foliosa Hb. Dillon et Petit. \xe2\x80\x94 an etiam Richardi? \xe2\x80\x94 pro parte (c. S. foliosa Hochst. intermixta)\xe2\x80\x9d he based his S. dillonii, different from S. foliosa mainly by its globose or depressed-globose, smooth nuts.

Description: This is the second paper dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, mostly in the neighbourhood of Doorwerth. Specimens of the species dealt with are preserved either in my private collection or in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last named case the numbers are followed by a \xe2\x80\x9cU\xe2\x80\x9d), or in both.

Description: In the present study pollen morphology of the Euphorbeaceae is treated as an additional character in taxonomy. Besides the greater part of the genera occurring in the system of PAX and K. HOFFMANN (1931), most of the genera published after 1931 are studied. The pollen grains have been described with the aid of a terminology as simple as possible. In principle the terminology of IVERSEN and TROELS-SMITH has been followed, although in addition, many improvements of ERDTMAN have been used. One of the simplifications is the rejection of POTONI\xc3\x89\xe2\x80\x99s term sculpture. All elements occurring on the endexine are called structure elements; all structure elements together form the structure of a pollen grain. For the sake of consequence endexine apertures and extexine apertures are discussed separately. Different pollen grains are placed in different pollen types. If the differences are of minor importance, the pollen grains are placed in subtypes. Several types can have some characters in common. To express the correspondences, these types are assembled in configurations. As the pollen types in Phyllanthoideae and Crotonoideae differ distinctly, the division of the Euphorbiaceae in these subfamilies is maintained in the discussion of the results. The Phyllanthodieae can be separated in three large groups of pollen types ( Antidesma configuration, Amanoa configuration and Aristogeitonia configuration), which agrees with the grouping of PAX in 1924. The remaining small configurations belong in taxonomic respect to the genera of the Antidesma configuration. In the Crotonoideae many genera possess pollen grains with a croton-pattern. These genera should be treated as a single group. Besides this natural group, the Plukenetiinae possess pollen grains which are clearly distinguished from other genera in the Crotonoideae. Pollen grains of Omphalea are similar to those in the Plukenetia configuration. This pollen-morphological result agrees with the opinion of CROIZAT.\nThe remaining pollen grains in the Crotonoideae are less easy to differentiate in groups. One of the largest configurations is the Mallotus configuration, which includes most genera of the Acalypheae and several genera or other tribes. The Hippomane configuration is another large one. This configuration comprises the tribes Hippomaneae and Euphorbieae. The pollen grains of both tribes are very similar. The genus Pachystroma is pollen-morphologically as well as taxonomically related to the tribe Hippomaneae.\nPera, treated as a separate tribe by PAX and K. HOFFMANN, is related by its pollen grains to some genera in the Acalypheae.\nDalechampia is habitually related to the genera in the Plukenetiinae. Pollenmorphological data, however, do not support this relation. The pollen grains of Dalechampia are not similar to any other pollen type.\nThe morphology of the pollen grains of the Stenolobeae is in agreement with the opinion of PAX, that any separation of these Australian genera is an artificial one.

Description: This work was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. J. Lanjouw and Dr. F. P. Jonker. The citation heading this paragraph indicates that the group of Caryophyllaceae with which it deals, presents unusual taxonomic difficulties. At first, it was intended to restrict the revision to the genus Gypsophila. However, in the course of the work it was realized that the small genera Bolanthus, Ankyropetalum and Phryna could not be left out of account as they had been regarded by some authors as subdivisions of Gypsophila and by others as near relatives of this genus. For this reason a complete revision of these genera too was included.\nThe only previous revision of Gypsophila is that published by Williams (1889). His study, largely based on data derived from the literature, includes 76 species i.e. about 3/5th of the number recognized here. His views on the generic limits were strongly influenced by those expressed by BENTHAM in BENTHAM and HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99s Genera Plantarum 1 (1862). Later authors did not follow him in this respect, and generally preferred BOISSIER\xe2\x80\x99s delimitation (1867), so e.g. PAX and HOFFMANN in the 2nd Edition of ENGLER und PRANTL, Planzenfam. (1934). PAX had already accepted this delimitation in the first edition (1889).

Description: The new genus Aglaothecium Groenh. is proposed to accomodate the new species A. saxicola Groenh. The development of bitunicate asci as occurring in cryptothecioid genera is compared with that of the supposedly unitunicate but thick-walled asci which are common in Lecideaceae and Lecanoraceae. The question is discussed whether bitunicate asci are always indifferent to iodine.

Description: The author introduces two new genera, Mniopetalum Donk & Sing, (based on a new species, M. globisporum Donk) and Episphaeria Donk (based on Cyphella fraxinicola Berk. & Br.). Three other genera in an emended circumscription are discussed: Stigmatolemma Kalchbr., Phaeosolenia Speg., and Cyphellopsis Donk. Rhodocyphella W. Cooke is reduced to the synonymy of Stigmatolemma; and Maireina (Pil\xc3\xa1t) W. Cooke, to the rank of a section of Cyphellopsis, which is tentatively considered to consist of a single complex species for which the name Cyphella monacha Speg. apud Roum. is temporarily used. New combinations are made in Mniopetalum (1), Episphaeria (1), Stigmatolemma (3), Phaeosolenia (2). Most of these names are used (but not validly published) in a recent work of Singer where also the genera mentioned above are described and discussed.

Description: The present paper, which is the first of a series of studies on Discomycetes, is concerned with type material of Ascobolus and Saccobolus from Spegazzini\'s herbarium, deposited at La Plata (LPS). The author is indebted to Dr. J. C. Lindquist, for sending the herbarium specimens on loan.\nThe work for this paper was facilitated by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.).

Description: Four species of Fimaria Vel. are described. The following new combinations are made: Fimaria hepatica (Batsch per Pers.) Brumm., F. cervaria (Phill. apud J. Stevenson) Brumm., and F. theioleuca (Roll.) Brumm. Ascobolus vinosus Berk., A. fuckelii J. Kunze, A. piceus (Limminghe) ex Cooke, and Fimaria murina Vel. are reduced to the synonymy of Fimaria hepatica.

Description: INHOUD\nInleiding.................... 3\nHet analyseren van braakballen.............. 7\nHet instrumentarium................. 11\nHet opmeten van de zoogdierschedel............. 13\nTabellen voor het determineren van de schedelresten........ 24\na. Tabel voor het onderscheiden van bovenkaken......... 25\nb. Tabel voor het onderscheiden van onderkaken......... 30\nSystematisch overzicht van de in braakballen aangetroffen zoogdieren .... 36\nSamenvatting in het Engels (Summary)............ 55\nTabellen van schedelmaten................ 57-58 Geciteerde literatuur................. 59\nRegister op de zoogdiernamen.............. 62\nINLEIDING\nHet is ruim dertig jaar geleden dat Schreuder (1931, pp. 179-182) in het tijdschrift \xe2\x80\x9eDe Levende Natuur" haar \xe2\x80\x9eTabel tot het bepalen van de soorten der muisachtigen (Muridae) voorkomend in uileballen" publiceerde. Twee jaar later verscheen in hetzelfde tijdschrift de \xe2\x80\x9eTabel tot het bepalen van de insecteneters voorkomende in uileballen" samengesteld door [B\xc3\xb6hmers en] Van Bemmel (1933, pp. 312-314). Beide tabellen werden door IJsseling en Scheygrond (1943, pp. 150-152; 157-16o; 1950, pp. 148-150; 155-157) in de twee edities van hun boek \xe2\x80\x9eDe zoogdieren van Nederland" overgenomen.\nHet is onbetwistbaar dat deze tabellen van grote betekenis zijn; zij hebben er niet alleen veel toe bijgedragen om de aandacht te vestigen op het belang van het analyseren van braakballen voor de zoogdierfaunistiek van ons land,

Description: Among the new material which was examined by me after the completion of the revision of the genus Pittosporum for the Flora Malesiana (vol. I, 5, 1957) and additions in Nova Guinea n.s., 9, 1958, 339, the following is worth mentioning: Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr. NORTH BORNEO. Ranau Distr., Bukit Ampuan, alt. 1500 m, Meijer SAN 20289, in primary forest on hill side ridge. Note. This is the first record from Borneo; otherwise known from Formosa, the Philippine Islands, and N. Celebes.\nPittosporum pullifolium Burkill. WEST NEW GUINEA. Koebre Mts, Anggi Lakes, alt. 2300 m, Sleumer & Vink BW 14148, shrub 4 m, on forest edge, rather scarce, fruit green. Note. A specimen with young fruits on infructescences which are placed axaillary along the twigs, instead of being terminal.

Description: A. F. G. Kerr (1877\xe2\x80\x941942) worked in Siam between 1902 and 1932, originally as a doctor, later as government botanist. He made large botanical collections in Siam and surveyed the whole of that country. Our knowledge of the flora of Siam is mainly based on his collections (now completely represented at Kew and in the British Museum), which formed the materials for the Florae Siamensis Enumeratio.\nA sketch of his life and career is given, also a bibliography, including special publications devoted to Kerr or to his material and details about his collections; by means of an Itinerary the date can be found of any Kerr number as well as the locality with approximate longitude and latitude, and by means of a list originally prepared by Kerr himself and here posthumously published, for each geographic name the province and the region of Siam where it is situated.\nSeveral persons were inspired by Kerr to make botanical collections themselves, notably Anuwat, Bourke-Borrowes, Mrs. Collins, Garrett, F. H. W. Kerr, Lakshnakara, Marcan, Noe, Put, Rabil, Rock, Eryl Smith, H. M. Smith, Vanpruk, Winit, Yuang. Some information about these persons and their collections has been added.

Description: A fungus belonging to the genus Lagenidium (Phycomycetes), according to Dr. F. K. Sparrow probably L. gracile Zopf, was found parasitizing a species of Spirogyra, probably S. setiformis (Roth) K\xc3\xbctz. It was collected in a ditch with turbid water near Wageningen. The young zygospores of the Spirogyra appeared arrested in their development or even destroyed by the fungus. The fungous thallus consists of coralloid, 5-8 \xc2\xb5 wide, dispersedly septate hyphae. Extramatrical discharge tubes of the sporangia occurred. Several Spirogyra cells contained thick- and smooth-walled resting spores of the fungus, 18-21 \xc2\xb5 in diameter.

Description: The mediterranean-atlantic species Catapodium marinum (L.) Hubbard reaches its northern limit on the continent in the Netherlands. Up to 1959 only 2 localities on the Dutch coast were known. In 1961 the species was discovered in large quantities on the brackish estuary shore of the island of Goeree, by far the richest occurrence in the country. The habitat in the three Dutch localities is similar: low, sandy, dry, irregularly submersed dunes in the ecotone between xerosere and halosere, with fluctuating, but mostly low, salt content and rather high lime content; i.e. in the dry desalinated \xe2\x80\x9cKoelerion\xe2\x80\x9d-variant of the Saginetum maritimae.\nScirpus planifolius Grimm, another ecotone species, is rather common in Britain, but much rarer on the continent, although it is not an atlantic or subatlantic plant. Here it is probably diminishing by reclamation of the suitable habitats. It is a characteristic species of the \xe2\x80\x9cdisturbance ecotone\xe2\x80\x9d, the transition zone between some contrasting habitats: salt-fresh, dry-wet, rich in nutrients-poor in nutrients. In the island of Goeree it was observed in large quantities in moist dune valleys, as well in the salt-fresh transition zone as in the wet-dry one. Its ecology as a species of the alliance Agropyro-Rumicion crispi is discussed.\nFinally a new locality of the mediterranean-atlantic Trifolium micranthum Viv. is described. In the Netherlands this species was hitherto only known from a few localities. In the island of Goeree it was found in two spots in damp grazed valleys in the inner dunes poor in lime.

Description: De jaarlijkse zomerexcursie van de Commissie voor het Floristisch Onderzoek van Nederland werd gehouden van 17 tot 22 juli 1961, met als standplaats Vlijmen. Het aantal deelnemers bedroeg 17, en doordat er een voldoend aantal auto\xe2\x80\x99s ter beschikking was en de excursie enige malen gesplitst werd, was het bestreken terrein groter dan vroeger ooit het geval was en kon daardoor het record-aantal van 661 soorten en vari\xc3\xabteiten genoteerd worden. Op 17 juli \xe2\x80\x99s middags werd als gebruikelijk de naaste omgeving van het hotel (I.V.O.N.-uurhok 45-31) verkend. Op 18 juli ging men \xe2\x80\x99s morgens eerst naar de dijk te Haarsteeg (45-31) en daarna naar het wiel te Nieuwkuik (45-31). Langs de dijk erheen werden o.m. veel Plantago coronopus, Cynodon dactylon, Trifolium striatum en Scleranthus perennis gezien, en aan het wiel zelf werd de prachtige oevervegetatie, o.a. van Echinodorus repens, Gratiola officinalis, Elatine hexandra en Anagallis tenella bekeken. Ondanks ijverig zoeken werd geen spoor meer van de daar vroeger rijkelijk aanwezige Potamogeton zizii gevonden. Een verrassing leverde een afgeplagd terrein op, n.l. grote hoeveelheden Juncus pygmaeus en J. tenageia. In de namiddag werden de Moerputten bij Vlijmen (45-32), een reservaat van het Staatsbosbeheer, bezocht, waar o.a. Carex praecox werd aangetroffen. Een deel van het gezelschap inventariseerde nog de vegetatie aan de dijk bij Bokhoven (45-21) en \xe2\x80\x99s avonds hebben nog enige deelnemers de wallen van Heusden (44-28) bezocht. De 19e werd de Duiver (44-36), een reservaat van het Staatsbosbeheer in de gemeente Sprang-Capelle ge\xc3\xafnventariseerd. Een terrein met Carex dioica was gemaaid, zodat deze soort niet meer kon geconstateerd worden. Een ander terrein met o.a. Carex limosa, Equisetum variegatum, Scirpus pauciflorus en Hammarbya paludosa was echter nog prachtig. Daarna werd nog vluchtig een terrein bij Waspik bekeken (44-35) en \xe2\x80\x99s middags ging men naar moerassige hooilanden bij Labbegat, gem. Sprang-Capelle (44-36), waar een rijke vegetatie van Carex flava, vergezeld van de bastaard van C. flava en demissa werd gezien; ook Liparis werd daar aangetroffen. Vervolgens ging men naar het Galgenwiel, gem. Waalwijk (44-47), waar vooral de overvloedige oevervegetatie van Hypericum elodes de aandacht trok. Op 20 juli werden de Maasoevers bij Empel (45-22) en de Koornwaard ten oosten daarvan (45-23) bezocht. De laatste is door afgraving grondig bedorven. Tenslotte werden nog de bekende vennetjes aan de Orthense dijk (45-23) bekeken, waar als rest van de vroegere rijke oevervegetatie nog o.a. Echinodorus repens, Gratiola officinalis en Mentha pulegium werden aangetroffen; \xe2\x80\x99s avonds werd nog door 2 deelnemers een tocht naar Elshout-Heusden (44-38) gemaakt, o.a. om Leersia oryzoides terug te vinden, die daar door de Unio Heusden in 1932 genoteerd was, wat ook gelukte. Op 21 juli ging een klein groepje naar het Ulvenhoutse bos (50-14) speciaal voor de merkwaardige Rubus-flora aldaar, o.a. met Rubus myricae en pallidus en andere gedeeltelijk nog niet op naam gebrachte soorten. Onderweg werd de bekende warmwater-afvoersloot bij Dorst bekeken, waar Limnophila sessiliflora nog overvloedig groeide, maar Sagittaria graminea niet meer werd gezien. Het grootste deel van het gezelschap bezocht op die dag eerst de kleiputten bij Udenhout (45-51), o.a. met zeer veel Elatine hexandra, Echinodorus repens en Juncus tenageia; daarna de Kievitsblek ten oosten van Oisterwijk (51-11) met o.a. Deschampsia setacea, Narthecium ossifragum, Osmunda regalis en Hypericum elodes, en tenslotte het terrein met Anagallis tenella bij De Opslag aan het Wilhelminakanaal (51-21) in de gem. Diessen.

Description: From the many misidentifications in herbaria and the contradictions between the descriptions of many authors it became evident that the species of Trichomanes included by Desvaux, Presl, van den Bosch and Copeland under the generic name Didymoglossum and those included by Presl, van den Bosch and Copeland under the name Microgonium were particularly poorly understood. A complete revision of this group has never been undertaken. LINDMAN\xe2\x80\x99s paper (1903) is incomplete, being based only on the study of about 30 herbarium sheets; moreover, his conclusions are based on misinterpretation of several species. The treatments in local floras, as, e.g. STURM\xe2\x80\x99s (1859) and MAXON\xe2\x80\x99s (1926) are very good, but only a small number of species are involved.\nThe name Didymoglossum was used for the first time by DESVAUX (1827); it was taken up by PRESL (1843), and COPELAND (1938), all on the generic level. Microgonium was established as a genus by PRESL (1843). Van den BOSCH (1861) and COPELAND (1938) maintened it as a separate genus.

Description: In this paper a number of records of the putative hybrid of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum and A. ruta-muraria, found in botanical literature, are discussed. These records bear reference to finds in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Poland. Some recent authors are in doubt about the existence of this hybrid. In the opinion of the present author a specimen growing on an old wall at Enkhuizen together with a single plant of A. adiantum-nigrum and many of A. ruta-muraria doubtless represents the hybrid in question.

Description: The hybrid of Carex lasiocarpa L. and C. riparia L. O (C. x evoluta Hartm.), in the Netherlands till now only found near Wychen (prov. Gelderland) in 1955, has also been found in 1961 near Maartensdijk (prov. Utrecht). Data are given concerning the ecology of the hybrid and the plant communities in which it occurs.

Description: Corallorhiza trifida Ch\xc3\xa2tel. was found in the Netherlands for the first time in the dunes near Bergen in 1902. The author gives numbers of specimens noted during several years, up to 1942. During World War II the species disappeared from the only known locality, and this paper may be considered a kind of necrology of the species in our country.

Description: Catapodium marinum (L.) Hubbard has its northern limit on the continent in the Netherlands. Up to now it was known here from 4 localities only. In 1960 the author discovered two new and very rich localities on the isle of Walcheren between Domburg and Westkapelle. It is supposed that the plants have reached one of these localities as a result of the inundation after the great flood of 1953, and the other with rubble from Westkapelle, which village was destroyed during World War II, and inundated afterwards.

Description: The authors mention a number of plants, found by them in the provinces of Gelderland and Utrecht, deviating by their white flowers.

Description: FLORA NEERLANDICA, uitgegeven door de Kon. Ned. Botanische Vereniging, onder redactie van S. J. van Ooststroom, Th. J. Reichgelt, W. K. H. Karstens, S. E. de Jongh, F. A. Stafleu en V. Westhoff, deel IV, afl. 1, 140 pag., 54 fig. Amsterdam 1961. Prijs voor leden van de K.N.B.V. \xc6\x92 6,50; voor niet-leden \xc6\x92 11,\xe2\x80\x94.\nDeze eerste aflevering van deel IV omvat een 12-tal families, nl. de Plumbaginaceae, Primulaceae, Clethraceae, Pyrolaceae, Ericaceae, Empetraceae, Styracaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cuscutaceae, Polemoniaceae, Hydrophyllaceae en Boraginaceae en werd bewerkt door Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom en Th. J. Reichgelt in samenwerking met Dr. F. A. Stafleu voor de nomenclatuur en Dr. V. Westhoff voor de oecologie.

Description: Sphacelaria plumigera Holmes is reported from 8 localities in the province of Zeeland (Netherlands). The differences between this species and S. plumosa Lyngb., with which it has been confounded, are given, and its habitat is described. The species occurs in the upper part of the sublittoral and the lowest part of the eulittoral, and is uncovered only during the spring ebb. It shows a preference for sheltered localities and has been found in the following algal communities: Polysiphonieto-Chaetomorphetum, Codieto-Hypoglossetum, and in the vegetation of Laminaria saccharina. The species is limited to the euhalinicum and does not occur in the brackish waters of the estuaries. Unilocular sporangia have been found in February, March and April. Finally the geographic distribution of the species is recorded.

Description: The genus Dictydium was created by SCHRADER (1797) for Cribrarialike forms lacking a cup. ROSTAFINSKI (1875) gave it its modern definition: i.e. having meridional costae which are joined at frequent intervals by fine, more or less parallel threads. He further created a genus Heterodictyon for a species (H. mirabile) which has ribs in the lower part and a Cribraria-like net in the upper. Massee in his monograph (1892) transferred Heterodictyon to Cribraria (C. mirabilis Mass.), pointing out that there is \xe2\x80\x9cevery shade of transition between the two extremes,\xe2\x80\x9d and that Heterodictyon bienaszii Racib. i.e. ( Cribraria macrocarpa of the later monographs) \xe2\x80\x9cclosely connects the genus Cribraria in the wider sense with Dictydium.\xe2\x80\x9d Jahn in 1901 described a variety \xe2\x80\x9canomalum\xe2\x80\x9d of Dictydium umbilicatum (i.e. D. cancellatum Batsch), with a rigid stem \xe2\x80\x9cohne die hakenformige Aufhangung in das Sporenk\xc3\xb6rbchen\xe2\x80\x9d, with a rather long sporangium, always without a cup, with the ribs merging into a Cribraria-like net in the upper part, and with a more persistent silvery peridium than is found in the typical form. He studied this taxon for some years, and came to the conclusion that it was not more than a variety of Dictydium umbilicatum. Later MEYLAN (Bull. Soc. Vaud. 44: 295. 1908) raised it to specific rank ( Dictydium anomalum), mentioning a similar variation in presence or absence of the cup as occurs in D. cancellatum, and never finding any \xe2\x80\x9cformes transitoires vers D. umbilicatum\xe2\x80\x9d. He further was of opinion that D. anomalum would probably be identical with Rostafinski\xe2\x80\x99s Heterodictyon mirabile. In 1911 Lister reduced D. anomalum Meylan to his var. alpinum of D. cancellatum. In Bull. Soc. Vaud. 57: 305. 1932 Meylan went a step further, and sank Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) var. alpinum Lister into Dictydium mirabile (Rost.) Meylan. In a later paper wherein G. LISTER describes D. rutilum (Journ. of Bot 71: 222, 1933), this author states that D. cancellatum var. alpinum is clearly the same as Rostafinski\xe2\x80\x99s species, adding that Meylan considered this variety worthy of specific rank. Dr G. W. Martin (private communication, shortly to be published), agrees with Meylan that this taxon merits specific rank.

Description: A visit to the Leiden Museum by Professor Dr. L. F. de Beaufort, assembling data for his next volume on the Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, prompted me to investigate the nomenclatorial difficulties still existing around the Plectognath genus Triodon and its single known species.\nOne of the principal items consulted, Herre\'s 1953 Check List of Philippine Fishes, itself not without serious flaws and therefore illustrative for the present problem, proved a very satisfactory starting-point, especially as it contains the only recent and rather extensive compilation of previous literature on the subject. Still, Herre\'s enumeration of references is not at all exhaustive, and numerous additions taken both from systematic literature and from general works, and a few from anatomical papers, can be added.\nA considerable number of these, though obviously still far from complete, can be found in the list of literature at the end of the present paper.\nPerusing through some sixty odd papers, it appeared that the genus Triodon hitherto has been ascribed mostly to Cuvier, occasionally to Reinwardt, or to Reinwardt in Cuvier, 1829. It further was clear that the name used for the single known species of the genus has almost invariably been Triodon bursarius, the authorship going to Cuvier, Reinwardt, or Reinwardt in Cuvier, but Reinwardt apparently having preference in most publications. Triodon macropterus Lesson hardly ever occurred (Dareste, 1849: Triodon macropt\xc3\xa8re), but it was given together with Triodon bursarius, without showing preference, in some of the old French "Dictionaires" (Guichenot in Gu\xc3\xa9rin, 1839; Drapiez, 1845, 1853; Ba(udement?) in d\'Orbigny, 1869). Finally, it was interesting to observe that nowhere any references are given to a publication by Reinwardt.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nIn 1956 I published a revision of a part of the genus Bactra Stephens and ventured to state that "To a diligent student of genital characters Bactra does not present any serious problems" (p. 2). Since that time I had the opportunity to examine an extensive new material; and came to the conclusion that my former statement was unduly optimistic, at least, when applied to the species of the subgenus Bactra Stephens. Contrary to my previous opinion discrimination of several of these species proves to be extremely difficult.\nTherefore, it seems advisable to anticipate my proposed, more definitive, world-wide revision of the entire genus Bactra by publishing the present preliminary paper, representing the latest results of my examination of the Palaearctic species of the subgenus Bactra. This study is chiefly based on the rich collection of the Zoological Institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, but for a part also on material studied earlier from other sources.\nThe Palaearctic representatives of the subgenus Bactra form a central furfurana group of closely related species, beside a few species which are less closely related.\nMost of these species are not identifiable without a minute study of the genital characters of the two sexes. It was necessary to describe these structures at some length. I tried to simplify the descriptions as much as possible by introducing some simple terms which are explained in fig. 1a. It was not easy to put slight differences into words; therefore I tried to illustrate the descriptions by as many figures as possible. Not only type specimens are

Description: INTRODUCTION\nDifficulties with the identification of some West-Indian Belonidae and an investigation into the merits of the generic name Strongylura as against Tylosurus led to a revision of the Belonidae, the result of which is published here. As will be seen on the following pages, this revision is by no means final; many problems remain to be solved, much synonymy given here is doubtful, lack of material prevented me from investigating the possible presence of slight geographic variation in the widely distributed species; some apparently valid species are left out altogether (I listed their names on p. 5) because no material has been available, and other names remain doubtful as it has not been possible to examine the type specimens. There is also the possibility that in a few instances I have too recklessly united species \xe2\x80\x94 or at least geographically representative forms \xe2\x80\x94 which in future may be found to be valid subspecies.\nNobody can be more aware of all these shortcomings than I am, but I had to consider the fact that I was leaving Leiden, and rather than run the risk that the notes hitherto assembled would never be published, I chose to present them even in an incomplete form. Considering the great confusion the nomenclature and systematics of the Belonidae are in at the moment, I believe that these notes, however preliminary they may be, will be useful to students of the group.\nThe Belonidae form a well-defined natural group consisting (as my investigations show) of not over about 30 species. Because of its smallness one is inclined to wonder if this group really deserves family status. Though for the moment I follow an authority as Berg (1940, 1955) in considering

Description: When Dr. F. G. Meyer, in a letter to Dr. Ding Hou, inquired after biographical particulars of \xe2\x80\x9cHeinrich B\xc3\xbcrger\xe2\x80\x9d, the name of this naturalist meant nothing to me. This is not astonishing, as nearly all of his activities took place in Japan, a country outside our range of study.\nIt took Dr. van Steenis some efforts to warm me up and in the meantime he gathered some information, mostly provided by Prof. Dr. H. Boschma at Leyden and by Prof. Dr. F. Verdoorn at Utrecht. When Verdoorn inter alia referred to Flora Malesiana vol. 1 (Cyclopaedia of Collectors) I was baffled and got intrigued, though at the time it seemed dubious whether \xe2\x80\x9cBurger\xe2\x80\x9d, who was cited there to have sent plants to Blume (1), was identical with Heinrich B\xc3\xbcrger.

Description: The present paper includes descriptions of several new species of ferns found among recent collections from various parts of Malaysia; also two new combinations of names of species which are of interest on account of their taxonomic history.

Description: Dr. J. VAN DER DRIFT (Arnhem) \xc3\xbcbersandte mir zwecks Bearbeitung eine Anzahl von Scarabaeiden, welche im Jahre 1959 mittels Subterran-Methoden in Surinam gesammelt wurden. Die Ausbeute enthielt insgesammt 11 Arten in 81 Exemplaren und trotzdem fand ich unter diese 5 Arten vor, welche ich f\xc3\xbcr neue Arten halte. Eine Art konnte sogar in keine von den bisher bekannten Gattungen eingereiht werden, darum musste ich f\xc3\xbcr sie auch eine neue Gattung aufstellen. Die verh\xc3\xa4ltnism\xc3\xa4ssig grosse Anzahl der neuen Arten ist sicherlich mit den angewandten Sammelmethoden zu erkl\xc3\xa4ren.\nDie Abbildungen sind durch meinen Sohn angefertigt worden.

Description: In the following descriptions, three new species of Micrathyria are introduced. They have been collected during the last twenty-three years of field work carried out in Suriname from the country\xe2\x80\x99s northern Atlantic coast to its southern border with Brazil.\nMicrathyria surinamensis n. sp. belongs to the aequalis-longifasciata group, M. paruensis n. sp. is a representative of the ungulata-complex and M. coropinae n. sp. shows a close relationship with M. romani Sj\xc3\xb6stedt. I am much indebted to Dr. REN\xc3\x89 MALAISE, Curator of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, for the loan of the type specimen of M. romani, from which supplementary notes and figures could be made.

Description: The genus Zonophora, established by DE SELYS (Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) 21, p. 80) in 1854 for BURMEISTER\xe2\x80\x99S Diastatomma campanulata from Brazil, is represented in Surinam by two species only: Z. batesi Selys 1869 and Z. calippus Selys 1869. Both species had already been reported as occurring in Surinam, and have again been collected in this country during my researches since 1955. The species Z. surinamensis NEEDHAM (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 69, 1944, p. 219) was collected in Brazil (Matapaoni), close to the border of Surinam, and may for this reason be encountered in Surinam as well.\nIn 1941 Dr. E. SCHMIDT (D. Entom. Ztschr., p. 76\xe2\x80\x9496) published his \xe2\x80\x9cRevision der Gattung Zonophora Selys,\xe2\x80\x9d which contained the then known members of the genus Zonophora. However, his treatise was written without examination of the original type specimens; hence, in order to acquire a sounder basis for my study of the subject, I took the opportunity of investigating the original material during my leave in Europe in 1961. In the following pages I present a general view of my explorations, which have been founded chiefly on the material mentioned below, as well as on that from Surinam.

Description: Von 14 Taumelk\xc3\xa4fer-Arten, die bislang f\xc3\xbcr Guiana nachgewiesen waren, kannte man aus Suriname lediglich 2. Dank der Sammelt\xc3\xa4tigkeit der Naturwissenschaftlichen Suriname Expedition 1949 in den Nassau Gebergte erh\xc3\xb6hen sich diese Zahlen um 3 neue Arten und 2 Unterarten, die hierunter beschrieben werden, auf 19 bezw. 7. Auch diese Ziffern erscheinen noch sehr niedrig angesichts der g\xc3\xbcnstigen Lebensbedingungen, die den Taumelk\xc3\xa4fern in diesem tropischen, von zahlreichen B\xc3\xa4chen und Fl\xc3\xbcssen verschiedener Gr\xc3\xb6sse und Charakters bew\xc3\xa4sserten Bergland geboten sind. Zweifellos wird in Zukunft eine gr\xc3\xbcndliche Erforschung der verschiedenen Fluss-Systeme in verschiedenen H\xc3\xb6henlagen die Gyriniden-Fauna von Guiana um zahlreiche Arten bereichern.\nMeine vorliegende Arbeit behandelt nicht nur die in den 3 Guiana\xe2\x80\x99s (Suriname, Franz\xc3\xb6sisch- und Britisch-Guiana) vorkommenden Gyriniden, es war vielmehr notwendig, auch den s\xc3\xbcd\xc3\xb6stlich anschliessenden Teil Brasiliens einzubeziehen, der seiner Natur nach dazu geh\xc3\xb6rt, sowie 2 Arten, die am Mt. Roraima auf venezolanischem Gebiet entdeckt wurden, da f\xc3\xbcr sie die \xc3\x9cberschreitung der nahen Grenze von Britisch Guiana sicher kein Hindernis darstellt.

Description: The present paper deals with the results of my investigations regarding the tenebrionid beetles of the Antilles, north of Trinidad. For this work, use has been made of the magnificent collections assembled by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, of a number of specimens gathered by Dr. H. J. MAC GILLAVRY as a student member of a geological excursion to Cuba that took place in 1933 under the direction of Prof. L. M. R. RUTTEN, and also of materials belonging to several European museums. In particular, I have examined specimens in the British Museum (N.H.); the Natural History Museum at Paris; the Natural History Museum of Amsterdam; the State Museum of Zoology, Munich; the G. Frey Entomological Museum, Munich; and lastly the Museum of Zoology of the University of Turin.\nI wish to express my gratitude to all those people who have made the work possible by lending me the materials mentioned above. I also wish to thank Professor R. MALARODA, Director of the Institute of Geology of the University of Turin, for his useful criticism of my geological considerations.

Description: La partie distale de l\xe2\x80\x99oviducte des Cam\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9ons montre, peu avant son d\xc3\xa9bouch\xc3\xa9 dans le cloaque, des r\xc3\xa9ceptacles s\xc3\xa9minaux constitu\xc3\xa9s par de simples tubes en doigt de gant, apparemment d\xc3\xa9pourvus d\xe2\x80\x99activit\xc3\xa9 s\xc3\xa9cr\xc3\xa9trice, qui p\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa8trent dans le chorion. Des spermatozo\xc3\xafdes ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 trouv\xc3\xa9s en grand nombre dans ces formations, m\xc3\xaame chez des femelles isol\xc3\xa9es depuis plusieurs mois et ayant fourni, entre temps, une ou deux pontes f\xc3\xa9condes.

Description: Unter fr\xc3\xbcheiszeitlichen Knochen, die als von Menschenhand zerbrochen erkannt und beschrieben wurden (L\xc3\xbcttschwager und van Bemmel, 1962) befindet sich auch ein Tibiarest eines Hirsches, Cervus teguliensis Dubois. Auf ihm sieht man eine Linienzeichnung, in der man die Wiedergabe eines Tieres erkennen mag.\nDa die gesamten Knochenfunde nachweisbar aus sehr fr\xc3\xbchen eiszeitlichen Schichten und Ablagerungen stammen, vermutete man bisher in diesen Linien nicht Spuren einer menschlichen T\xc3\xa4tigkeit; jedenfalls wurde solche Vermutung nicht schriftlich ge\xc3\xa4ussert, obwohl Abbildungen des Fundes schon vorliegen (Kunst, 1937).

Description: This is a report on a small collection of birds from the Tristan da Cunha group and Gough Island in the southern Atlantic Ocean made by Mr. N. SCHEER, Officer in Charge of the Weather Station at Tristan da Cunha in the years 1958\xe2\x80\x941960. The collection consists of 13 specimens from Tristan, 23 from Nightingale Island and 7 from Inaccessible Island, as well as 7 from Gough Island. A total of 22 species is represented. Field records by Mr. SCHEER have been added to the report; local names of most of the species, as noticed by Mr. SCHEER, have been given in quotation marks.\nConsidering the recent publications on the birds of these islands (BROEKHUYSEN & MACNAE, 1949; HAGEN, 1952; RAND, 1955; ELLIOTT, 1957) the collection contributes hardly any new facts to the knowledge of this interesting insular fauna. Still it contains members of any of the known species of land birds, including one specimen of the remarkable Inaccessible Island Flightless Rail (Atlantisia rogersi) and two of the rare Grosbeak Bunting from Nightingale Island ( Nesospiza wilkinsi winkinsi); only the Grosbeak Bunting from Inaccessible Island (N. w. dunnei) is lacking in the collection. Both the most abundant bird species in the islands (Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis: probably at least two million breeding pairs, according to ROWAN, Ibis, 94, 1952, p. 97-121), and the scarcest (Grosbeak Bunting, Nesospiza wilkinsi: probably less than 100 breeding pairs, according to ELLIOTT, 1957) are represented in the collection by a few specimens.

Description: The marine fauna of the American Atlantic coast between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras, the Virginian area, is placed by zoogeographers in different provinces: in the Transatlantic, or in the Boreal province. It is sometimes considered to be a province of its own, or only a transition between the Boreal and Carolinian province.\nThe mollusk fauna of the Virginian area is compiled and compared with the faunas north and south of the area. As endemism is low, there is no reason to consider the Virginian area an autonomous zoogeographical province. The fauna is too much different from that of the Carolinian area, to combine both in one Transatlantic province. As most of the species are of boreal origin, there is less reason to consider the Virginian area as a transitional region between the Carolinian and the Boreal provinces than as belonging to the Boreal province, the percentage of boreal mollusks is large enough to include it in the Boreal province.\nA comparison of the northern Atlantic provinces of America and Europe shows that a different zoogeographical division of both areas is necessary, as a consequence of the currents: the transition between Labrador Current and Gulf Stream suppresses a temperate province on the American East coast, such as the Celtic province is on the European West coast.

Description: M. J. VAN DER DRIFT a eu l\xe2\x80\x99amabilit\xc3\xa9 de me confier pour \xc3\xa9tude les t\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9brionides qu\xe2\x80\x99il a r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9s au cours d\xe2\x80\x99une mission effectu\xc3\xa9e au Suriname d\xe2\x80\x99Avril \xc3\xa0 Octobre 1959. Cette mission ayant eu surtout pour but l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude de la faune du sol, les t\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9brionides que j\xe2\x80\x99ai identifi\xc3\xa9s appartiennent essentiellement \xc3\xa0 ce biotope et la liste en est fort restreinte. Elle pr\xc3\xa9sente cependent un int\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xaat par la pr\xc3\xa9sence d\xe2\x80\x99une nouvelle esp\xc3\xa8ce appartenant au genre Gondwanocrypticus Esp.

Description: It has been the aim of this study to give a comprehensive description of the important crinoid fauna\'s of the Palaeozoic core of North Western Spain (provinces Palencia, Le\xc3\xb3n and Asturias). This was opportune since fine collections of crinoids had been made during the years 1955\xe2\x80\x941960 by students of Leiden University (Holland). Moreover, existing collections of Spanish crinoids have not recieved hitherto due attention. Up to the present day only ten species of Palaeozoic crinoids have been known from Spain. Five new genera and sixteen new species of Spanish crinoids are now described. Fourteen previously described genera are reported for the first time to occur in Spain, either from new species or from species not yet sufficiently well known to allow specific arrangement. Six previously described species are recorded for the first time from Spain. So the total number of known Spanish crinoid species has now been raised to fifty six (thirty two genera): twenty five Emsian species, nine Couvinian species, six Givetian species, one Fransnian species, one Visean species, four Namurian species and four Moscovian species. The other species, represented by museum specimens only, are of uncertain Devonian or Carboniferous age.\nCamerates are far more numerous than inadunates, whereas flexibles are not known with any certainty. Camerates include thirty eight species (twenty two genera); inadunates eightteen species (ten genera).\nAmong camerates only seven species belong to the diplobathrids; stratigraphically they seem to be restricted to the Emsian. Pterinocrinus decembrachiatus, Griphocrinus ovetensis, Orthocrinus robustus and Orthocrinus elongatus are described as new species of diplobathrids. The genera Diamenocrinus, Pterinocrinus, Macarocrinus and Griphocrinus are recorded for the first time from Spain. Orthocrinus was already known. W. E. Schmidt\'s species Orthocrinus planus is regarded a nomen dubium, since only poor fragments are assignable to the species.\nCamerates further include thirty one species of monobathrids, among which periechocrinids (fourteen species) and hapalocrinids/platycrinids (nine species) are of special importance. Stratigraphical distribution of the Spanish monobathrids is from the Lower Devonian to Upper Carboniferous.\nAmong periechocrinids (restricted to Devonian strata) Pradocrinus is held as an independent genus with the only species P. Baylii de Verneuil, 1850 as the type-species. The genus is only known to occur in Spain. The available generic names Lenneocrinus and Pyxidocrinus were used for assignment of Spanish species. Lenneocrinus is now definitely erected with L. cirratus Jaekel, 1918 as the type-species. A diagnosis has been given on p. 29. The genus is first reported to occur in Spain from the new Frasnian species L. ventanillensis. Pyxidocrinus was proposed as a conditional name but is now erected as genus with Actinocrinus prumiensis as type-species and J. Muller as the author. A diagnosis has been given on p. 35. P. collensis and P. latus are referred to it as new species. P. San-Migueli (Astre, 1925), formerly referred to Periechocrinus and Pithocrinus and P. bifrons (W. E. Schmidt, 1932, formerly referred to Megistocrinus and Pithocrinus have now been ranked under Pyxidocrinus. Although Pyxidocrinus has a German species as the type, it is essentially a Spanish genus. Strangely enough it is only now reported for the first time as occurring in Spain. The genus Pithocrinus Kirk, 1945, with P. Cooperi Kirk, 1945 as the type-species has been emended so as to include forms with globose dorsal cups, a variable number of free arms per ray and a stout subcentral anal tube. The arms are described for the first time. For emended diagnosis see p. 46. Although Pithocrinus has an American type it is essentially a Spanish genus. P. ovatus and P. spinosus are referred to this genus as new species, P. Waliszewskii Oehlert, 1896, formerly referred to Megistocrinus is kept within it, but P. intrastigmatus Schmidt, 1932, formerly referred to Saccocrinus is excluded and used as the type-species of the new genus Stamnocrinus diagnosis see p. 59 which is believed to include Dorycrinus devonicus Springer, 1911 and two more Spanish species, not yet sufficiently well known so as to allow definite description. Stamnocrinus is restricted to Devonian strata. The new Emsian species Corocrinus? grandosensis is provisionally referred to Corocrinus because it possesses characters unknown up to now from that genus. Gennaeocrinus is first recorded from Spain from a species very similar to G. nyssa.\nThe study of the important Devonian periechocrinid fauna has revealed that no Devonian forms can be assigned to the type genus Periechocrinus, which genus must be of exclusively Silurian age. A group of Lower Carboniferous and Mississippian species, hitherto assigned to Periechocrinus, both for morphological as for stratigraphical reasons cannot belong to Periechocrinus nor to any of the Devonian periechocrinid genera.\nThe new genus Aryballocrinus is erected for them with Periechocrinus ? Whitei Hall, 1861 as the type-species. A diagnosis for this genus is given on p. 72. The genus includes six species, four of which were formerly referred with doubt to Periechocrinus: Aryballocrinus Whitei (Hall, 1861), Aryballocrinus tenuidiscus (Hall, 1861), Aryballocrinus awthornsensis (J. Wright, 1955) and Aryballocrinus spec. 1 (Laudon & Severson, 1953). Further are included Aryballocrinus Sampsoni Miller & Gurley, 1896, formerly referred to Corocrinus and Aryballocrinus parvus Wachsmuth & Springer, 1890, formerly referred to Megistocrinus Other monobathrids include specimens of Iberocrinus multibrachiatus Sieverts Doreck, 1951, which species proved to occur in the Moscovian of Spain. Nunnacrinus ? stellaris is first reported from the Namurian of Spain. The genus Pimlicocrinus is first recorded outside Great Britain. Pimlicocrinus latus occurs in the Namurian of Spain, whereas in England it is in the Dinantian. Another two species of Pimlicocrinus are not yet fully described. One of them is of Moscovian age and probably conspecific with a specimen from the Westfalian of Marocco. A single cup is assigned to Aorocrinus. This would mean the first occurrence of this genus outside the North American continent. Platyhexacrinus Kegeli W. E. Schmidt, 1932 is mentioned because two new specimens substitute for the lost types.\nTrybliocrinus Flatheanus is redescribed in great detail. The species Hadrocrinus hispaniae Schmidt, 1932 is placed into synonymy with it. Much attention has been given to the ontogenetic growth. Ontogenetic phenomena are regarded as special characters of the family Polypetidae, in which family the genus Himerocrinus Springer, 1921 is placed on the ground that it is supposed to have an ontogenetic growth largely comparable to that here described for Trybliocrinus.\nPlatycrinicae form an important part of the Spanish fauna. Besides Platycrinus spec. ex gr. bollandensis of Namurian age and Pleurocrinus spec. ex gr. coplowensis of unknown provenance, they may all be found in Lower and Middle Devonian strata. The Spanish hapalocrinids and related platycrinids are characterized by aberrant positions of the smaller basal and by differentation of the posterior interradius. The new hapalocrinid genus Cantharocrinus with C. minor spec. Nov. as the type-species (diagnosis see p. 117) and the new species C. simplex as co-type, is still only known from Spain. The new platycrinid genus Oenochoacrinus with Oe. princeps spec. Nov. as type-species (diagnosis see p. 124) and the new species Oe. pileatus and Oe. scaber as cotypes, is still known only from Spain. The genus is erected for platycrinids with a tegmen composed of five orals and five modified first axillar ambulacrals. The genus showed to posses affinity with the Permian genus Neoplatycrinus. The better understanding of modified first axillar ambulacrals, as a character consistent with the presence of but one first primibrach and two secundibrachs in trunked armbases led to a review of the morphological relations of genera in the Platycrinicae. A suggestion for their evolution is given, based on detailed morphological comparison (see textfig. 32).\nAmong the inadunates previously described from Spain Storthingocrinus Haugi Oehlert, 1896 and Storthingocrinus labiatus W. E. Schmidt, 1932 are regarded as nomina dubia. The incomplete nature of the specimens attributed to them, forces us to do this because their cups are undistinguishable from so many other inadunate cups. The affinity of North American Devonian crinoids with the West European fauna is once more expressed by the first record from Spain of the species Vasocrinus valens Lyon, 1857; Vasocrinus turbinatus Kirk, 1929; Vasocrinus stellaris (Schultze, 1867) and spec. cf. V. sculptus Lyon, 1857.\nA highly interesting inadunate proved to be a form with pentalobate stem, composed of five different joint series, two anals in cup and enlarged thecal cavity by incorporation of a smalll number of interradials and the presence of a madreporite. It is described as the new genus Situlacrinus with S. costatus spec. Nov. as the type-species diagnosis see p. 153 The genus is placed provisionally among the Barycrinidae. It would be the first Devonian form of that family and the first record from Europe.\nThe Givetian cupressocrinid fauna has largely affinitiy with Middle Devonian fauna\'s in the Eifel region. Cupressocrinites Townsendi, Cupressocrinites spec. cf. C. Schlotheimi, Cupressocrinites inflatus, Cupressocrinites Sampelayoi and a species not sufficiently well presented to receive full description are described from Spain. C. inflatus and C. aff. Schlotheimi have their first mention outside Germany. The genus Aviadocrinus Almela & Revilla, 1950 is put into synonymy with Cupressocrinites Goldfuss, 1831 because all the essential characters of its type-species A. Sampelayoi occur dispersedly among Cupressocrinites species.\nThe genera Bactrocrinites, Lasiocrinus (?), Cromyocrinus and Paradelocrinus are reported for the first time from Spain.\nThe Devonian crinoid faunas in the province of Le\xc3\xb3n occur in four different levels: at the top of the La Vid formation; at the base of the Santa Lucia formation; at the top of the Santa Lucia formation; and in the middle part of the Portilla formation. The first two faunas are of Emsian age. The Emsian fauna has affinities with the Lower Devonian fauna of Western Germany and with the Middle Devonian fauna of the region West-Central New York, Kentucky, Michigan, Indiana. The Spanish Emsian fauna is the richest of all known Spanish crinoid faunas.

Description: This paper deals with a small collection of West Indian ascidians (class Ascidiacea: sub-phylum Tunicata) made by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK in 1930, 1948/49, and 1955, to which several specimens taken by Dr. J. H. STOCK in 1958/59 were added. The material collected by Dr. HUMMELINCK (indicated with Station number) has been deposited in the State Museum, Leiden, and that collected by Dr. STOCK in the Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Museum, Amsterdam.\nTRAUSTEDT (1882, 1883), SLUITER (1898), and VAN NAME (1902, 1921, 1924, 1945) have already described ascidians from the West Indies, and the following 24 species have been recorded from the Netherlands Antilles, all from Cura\xc3\xa7ao.

Description: The geology of the map sheets 1:50.000, 1 Garonne and 2 Salat of the Geological map of the Central Pyrenees is described. The stratigraphic sequence consists of Paleozoic rocks from the Cambro-Ordovician to the Carboniferous, and of Mesozoic rocks from the Trias up to the Tertiary. Hercynian and Alpine orogenies have acted on this intercontinental mountain chain. The Hercynian orogeny is accompanied by epi-to cata-zonal metamorphism in which several successive stages can be recognized. The Alpine orogenesis consists also of successive stages of which the Pre-Cenomanian one has been accompanied by basic rock intrusion and a particular kind of metamorphism. In the structure presented on these sheets a stretch of the axial zone is represented and a part of the external zone containing six of the satellite massifs, the two units separated from one another by the north Pyrenean fault zone.

Description: During an examination of the Hydromedusae from the Netherlands and adjacent waters present in the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam, and the Zoological Station at Den Helder, some specimens of a medusa were found that proved to belong to Ostroumovia inkermanica (PALTSCHIKOWA-OSTROUMOWA, 1925), a species not previously reported from the region.\nAs the collections, mentioned above, did not contain specimens indentified with this name, some of the medusae were sent to Dr. P. L. KRAMP, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, who kindly examined them and confirmed the identification.

Description: During August 1961 I received from Mr. E. Roloff (Karlsruhe, Germany), a well-known aquarist, three specimens of an unidentified Rivulus. The specimens were collected by Mr. Roloff during his journey to Ecuador early 1961. The sampling place is described by him in the followinig words: \xe2\x80\x9eDie Rivulus stammen aus einem kleinen, sehr schattigen Bach, der in die Lagune von Limoncocha m\xc3\xbcndet. Das Wasser ist sehr weich (etwa 1\xc2\xb0 DH) und hat eine Temperatur von etwa 26\xc2\xb0 Celcius, die sich nat\xc3\xbcrlich zeitweilig noch erh\xc3\xb6ht. Der Bach ist nur etwa 1 Meter breit und hat einen geringen Wasserstand, oft nur 20 bis 25 cm. Die Rivulus halten sich haupts\xc3\xa4chlich zwischen den Baumw\xc3\xbcrzeln und den hineingefallenen Zweigen auf. B\xc3\xbcsche und B\xc3\xa4ume \xc3\xbcberschatten diesen Bach sehr stark.\xe2\x80\x9d This first sample, 1 male and 2 females, was tentatively identified as closely related to or identical with Rivulus peruanus (Regan, 1903), though they did not agree in several technical features with that species. In my key to the genus Rivulus 1 placed peruanus in the isthmensis-complex, though the frontal pattern of this species is not known. Moreover it has as many as 45\xe2\x80\x9447 rows of scales. The male of our sample had only 37 scales in lateral direction, whereas the females were both damaged and in bad state of preservation. I could not make out the proper number of scales.

Description: Description d\xe2\x80\x99une nouvelle esp\xc3\xa8ce de Cop\xc3\xa9pode Cyclopo\xc3\xafde, n.sp., trouv\xc3\xa9e sur un pennatulaire des Indes Orientales, Lichomolgus pterophilus Pteroeides cf. lacazei K\xc3\xb6ll.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe palaeolithic deposits of the rock shelter of Ks\xc3\xa2r\'Akil in the Antelias valley have been excavated by a group of American Jesuits in the years 1937-1938 and 1947-1948. Recently the fossil bones from these deposits were reported upon by my colleague Hooijer (1961). When he received the material for description it appeared that his samples contained a large collection of molluscan shells and a few spines of echinoderms as well. These are dealt with in the present paper. To the best of my knowledge they are all the remains of molluscs and echinoderms found during the excavation. For further details on the collection and the site I refer to Hooijer\'s paper, which also contains references to the literature on Ks\xc3\xa2r\'Akil.\nA few shells from the neighbouring site Abri Bergy (cf. Hooijer, 1961, p. 56) are mentioned in my list of Mollusca under nos. 6 and 26.\n\nMOLLUSCA\nShells of 45 species of Mollusca have been collected in the rock shelter of Ks\xc3\xa2r\'Akil. They belong to marine, freshwater, and terrestrial molluscs.\nAll the species recorded are still living in the neighbourhood of the locality.\nThe following is an annotated list of these Mollusca. Unless otherwise stated the data on the bathymetrical distribution of marine species have been borrowed from the list on page 808 seq. of volume 2 of the book by Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus. Information on the distribution of non-marine species was found in Germain\'s publication of 1921/1922, and in the literature cited in that paper. Fragments, which are relatively scarce in the material, have been counted for so many specimens as they must at least represent.\nCLASS GASTROPODA

Description: HEUKELS \xe2\x80\x93 VAN OOSTSTROOM, Flora van Nederland, 15e druk, bewerkt door Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom. P. Noordhoff N.V., Groningen, 1962, 892 pag., 1038 fig., f. 11,50.\nIn deze nieuwe druk werd weer een groot aantal noodzakelijke aanvullingen en verbeteringen aangebracht. Deze betreffen o.a. de omgrenzing van enige geslachten en soorten, de bewerking van een aantal infraspecifische taxa, wijzigingen van nomenclatorische aard en toevoegingen van literatuuropgaven.

Description: Typha x glauca Godr., the hybrid of T. angustifolia L. and T. latifolia L. was found in the Netherlands for the first time in 1847 and again in 1946, as appears from the collections in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden. Fig. 1 shows the differences found in the female flowers, the pollen, and the branchlets of the female part of the spike of T. angustifolia, the hybrid, and T. latifolia respectively.

Description: Several adventitious and ornamental plants have become naturalized in the Netherlands, but a more detailed history of their naturalization is only known of a few of them. In order to get more data on species that are naturalizing at present or will do so in the future, the author asks the readers of Gorteria to communicate all data concerning those species to the editors of this periodical.

Description: This paper contains acquisitions to the Netherlands adventitious flora from the year 1960. 1. Trifolium alexandrinum L., a species originally known only cultivated from the eastern part of North Africa, was found as an alien in an onion field at Poortvliet, near a wool factory at Tilburg, and along a roadside between Made and Geertruidenberg. Specimens formerly mentioned from the Netherlands under this name, appeared to belong to T. echinatum Bieb. 2. Senecio squalidus L., a species of mediterranean origin, naturalized in the British Isles since 1794, and also in recent years in France, Belgium and Sweden, was found in the Netherlands near the town of Middelburg in a storage yard for scrap-iron. 3. A number of plants escaped from cultivation, found in 1959 and 1960.

Description: Vallisneria spiralis L. was found at Maastricht in 1960 in the canal from that town to Li\xc3\xa8ge. It has possibly been introduced from one of the localities in the river Meuse near Li\xc3\xa8ge, where the species has established itself since about 1955.

Description: De literatuuropgave Amoen. Acad. 4, 1755, p. 286 bij Trifolium alexandrinum L. op p. 25 van de vorige aflevering dient als volgt te worden gewijzigd: Cent. Pl. 1, 1755, p. 25. v. O. en R.

Description: Van de Plantencommissie van de Nederlandse Jeugdbond voor Natuurstudie is in 1947 een eerste poging uitgegaan tot een gericht onderzoek van de plantengroei op oude muren in Nederland. De verzamelde gegevens werden besproken in een vroegere publicatie (3). Zeer incidenteel is v\xc3\xb3\xc3\xb3r die tijd ook wel enige aandacht besteed aan het speciale karakter van muurvegetaties, vooral door DE WEVER (5). In de laatste tijd is bij een aantal floristen de belangstelling voor oude muren wat opgebloeid, mede door de resultaten van het N.J.N.- Plantenkader in Amsterdam (2). Tot een enigszins afgerond overzicht van de muurvegetaties in Nederland en een meer diepgaand onderzoek naar de belangrijkste oecologische en chorologische aspecten is het echter nog niet gekomen. Het ligt in de bedoeling, de in de jaren vanaf 1950 verzamelde gegevens (4) in de komende tijd aan te vullen en uit te breiden.\nHet aantal hogere plantensoorten dat op muren is aangetroffen bedraagt meer dan een derde van het totaal aantal inheemse soorten Zaadplanten en Vaatcryptogamen. Uiteraard zijn daarbij vele soorten die slechts \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n of enkele malen zijn gesignaleerd; deze zijn meestal niet specifiek voor muurvegetaties. Een aantal wel specifieke muurplanten zijn echter zeldzaam; tot de algemenere soorten behoren bij ons eigenlijk alleen Asplenium ruta-muraria en Linaria cymbalaria. Deze beide soorten zijn in ons land als exclusieve muurplanten te beschouwen. De eerste komt elders veel voor in spleten van kalkrotsen, van de laatste zijn waarschijnlijk geen standplaatsen bekend die niet onderhevig zijn geweest aan een sterke menselijke invloed. Andere binnen ons land exclusieve muurplanten zijn Phyllitis scolopendrium, Ceterach officinarum, Cheiranthus cheiri, Corydalis lutea, Parietaria ramiflora, Antirrhinum majus en Hieracium amplexicaule. Ook een tweetal verwilderde varensoorten, Cyrtomium falcatum en Pteris cretica, zijn alleen op muren aangetroffen. Van een aantal andere soorten, die als specifiek voor muurvegetaties beschouwd kunnen worden, zijn ook andere standplaatsen bekend, zoals van Asplenium trichomanes, A. adiantum-nigrum, Cystopteris fragilis, Poa compressa en in mindere mate ook van Draba muralis en Catapodium rigidum. Dan is er nog een grote groep van soorten die al of niet zelden op muren worden aangetroffen en die deel uitmaken van karakteristieke soortencombinaties of die in dat verband om andere redenen interessant zijn. Hierbij moet in de eerste plaats Sagina procumbens genoemd worden, een belangrijke soort in een gemeenschap die voorlopig kan worden aangeduid als Filici-Bryetum argentei, welke (thans nog) niet zeldzaam is op grachtkanten en andere muren waarop stikstofrijke humus wordt gevormd of afgezet. Vooral Dryopteris filix-mas is in deze gemeenschap vaak vertegenwoordigd, maar ook vele andere soorten kunnen hierin optreden. De zeldzamere varensoorten als Phyllitis scolopendrium, Thelypteris (Dryopteris) robertiana en T. dryopteris (D. linnaeana) worden dikwijls in deze gemeenschap aangetroffen. Het is trouwens opmerkelijk dat zo vele varensoorten op muren zijn gevonden; van de 21 inheemse soorten leptosporangiate varens werden alleen Thelypteris (Dryopteris) oreopteris en Blechnum spicant nimmer waargenomen. Thelypteris oreopteris werd verkeerdelijk vermeld voor Utrecht (1); deze opgaven hadden betrekking op Thelypteris palustris (Dryopteris thelypteris).

Description: Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. Van deze, in ons land alleen van een vijftal plaatsen in het Fluviatiele district aan Rijn, Waal en IJsel bekende soort, werd door mij op 16 sept. 1961 een vrij rijke vindplaats ontdekt te Rhenen, aan de weg naar Elst, waar deze aan de uiterwaarden van de Rijn grenst. R.\nPentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex Bailey. In de bewerking der Boraginaceae in Flora Neerlandica IV, 1, 1961, p. 119 werd door ons als auteur van Pentaglottis sempervirens onder voorbehoud opgegeven: Tausch ex Boom, 1950. Wij achtten het nl. waarschijnlijk dat niet Boom doch reeds een andere auteur v\xc3\xb3\xc3\xb3r hem de combinatie gebruikt zou hebben. De heer J. Bergmans (Oisterwijk) maakte ons er onlangs opmerkzaam op, dat dit inderdaad het geval was en dat Bailey de naam reeds gebruikte in de tweede druk van zijn Manual of Cultivated Plants, die in 1949 verscheen.

Description: Een merkwaardige vorm van Convolvulus arvensis L. Van Convolvulus arvensis werd op 27 juli 1960 te Rotterdam, aan de weg naar Schiedam, aan de rand van het spoorwegemplacement, windend om de spijlen van een daar ter plaatse aanwezig hek, een aantal exemplaren gevonden, die aan de hoofdstengels, in plaats van of ook wel naast de normale okselstandige 1- tot weinigbloemige bijschermen, bebladerde zijtakjes vertonen, voorzien van kleine bladen met okselstandige, meestal 1-bloemige bloeiwijzen. De bladen van de hoofdstengels zijn van normale grootte, die der zijtakjes vari\xc3\xabren in lengte van ca. \xc2\xbd tot 1\xc2\xbd, bij uitzondering tot 2 cm. De bloemen zijn ook kleiner dan normaal, met een 3-3\xc2\xbd mm lange kelk en een ten hoogste ca. 1\xc2\xbd cm lange bloemkroon. Materiaal bevindt zich in de collectie van het Rijksherbarium (herb. van Ooststroom no. 22359). v. O.\nCuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Begin juni 1962 ontvingen wij van de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst te Wageningen een exemplaar van deze soort, woekerend op een cactus ( Echinopsis spec.), afkomstig uit een cactee\xc3\xabnkwekerij te Nijmegen. Hoewel C. epithymum op talrijke en zeer uiteenlopende voedsterplanten wordt gevonden, is zij, voor zover ons bekend, nog niet eerder op een cactus-soort aangetroffen. v. O. en R.

Description: The author describes the vegetation, origin and history of the \xe2\x80\x98Galgenwiel\xe2\x80\x99, a lake near Loon op Zand (N.-Brabant).

Description: Carex riparia Curt. x C. vesicaria L. (C. x csomadensis Simonk.). Deze bastaard, die tot nu toe hier te lande alleen bekend was van Neerbosch bij Nijmegen, werd op 16 mei 1961 aangetroffen aan een vennetje in het Liesbos bij Breda, door Chr. G. van Leeuwen (Bilthoven), H. N. Leys (Ede, Gld.) en I. S. Zonneveld (Sleeuwijk). v. O. en R.\nCladium mariscus (L.) Pohl werd ons in juli 1961 toegezonden door de heer W. J. ter Keurs (Leidschendam), die deze soort vond aan de rand van moerassige bosjes in de Zijdepolder in de gemeente Leidschendam. Deze vindplaats was ons tot nu toe niet bekend. Weliswaar groeit Cladium mariscus in het Hollandse en Utrechtse deel van het Hafdistrict, doch de soort is daar vrijwel alleen bekend van de Nieuwkoopse plassen en het Vechtplassen-gebied, terwijl zij voorts in het Naardermeer voorkomt. Ook is zij vroeger gevonden in het duingebied in de omgeving van Wassenaar. Is het iemand bekend of zij daar nog groeit? v. O. en R.

Description: Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Mey., a blue-flowered Lactuca of the Asiatic and Southeast- European steppe, was found in 1961 as an alien at Rotterdam, where it was more or less naturalized, growing between the basalt-blocks of the embankment of a harbour. Since the early years of the 20th century it has established itself in several places on the coast of the Baltic, where it is becoming part of the natural vegetation. It was also found in a few localities on the coast of England, Scotland and Ireland. As appears now, Lactuca tatarica was already found in 1942 at Doesburg (Gelderland), but was then misidentified as Lactuca perennis.

Description: CONTENTS\nPage Introduction................... 3\nSubgenus Anthreneida White (supplement to previous revision in "Treubia", vol. 18, 1941).................. 4\nSubgenus Paraicaria Gribodo.............. 37\nSubgenus Icarielia Dalla Torre.............. 41\nLiterature................... 71\nIndex .................... 72\nThe present paper is to be regarded as a continuation of a revision of the Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia Gu\xc3\xa9rin (= Icaria Saussure), the first part of which was published in Java (van der Vecht, 1941), a few months before the outbreak of the war in the Pacific. That part dealt with the morphology and the distribution of the species which are distinguished by having a more or less distinct raised carina separating the anterior and the lateral areas of the mesepisternum ("mesopleura"). It was my intention to publish supplementary notes on the bionomics of these species, together with a revision of the remaining species, in a second part, but war conditions made this plan fall through. Owing to various circumstances, the work on this subject was not resumed until recently.\nIn the following pages I have first brought together some additional information on the previously discussed species (subgenus Anthreneida White). Unfortunately this chapter is very fragmentary, mainly because the greater part of my collection of nests together with the accompanying notes was lost during the war. Then follows a discussion of the Oriental

Description: When revising the Suriname mammals preserved in the collection of the Leiden Museum I also examined the type specimens of Echimys macrourus and Blarina pyrrhonota, described from Suriname by JENTINK in 1879 and 1910, respectively. As a result of this investigation I reached the conclusion that the two types are apparently incorrectly labelled as to locality. For Blarina pyrrhonota strongly resembles Sorex araneus Linnaeus from Europe, while Echimys macrourus shows a close resemblance to one of the forms of Rattus sabanus (Thomas), which has a wide distribution in the Malaysian subregion (see CHASEN, 1940, p. 164\xe2\x80\x94167). In the literature dealing with Neotropical mammals, the systematic position of both Blarina pyrrhonota and Echimys macrourus has been the subject of much discussion, mainly based on assumptions, as no mammalogist since JENTINK has examined the types in question. Accordingly it seems of interest to give here a survey of these various discussions, and to render account of my own point of view.\nI am much indebted to Dr. R. G. VAN GELDER, Chairman and Assistant Curator of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, who was so kind as to send me on loan one of the specimens from the Mt. Duida region, Venezuela, which the late Dr. G. H. H. TATE provisionally considered to belong to JENTINK\xe2\x80\x99S Echimys macrourus.

Description: In the present series of papers the results of two different field trips to the West Indies are coordinated. Each paper, dealing with a convenient taxonomic group, will be numbered separately. The sequence of the taxonomic units is arbitrary.\nPart of the material on which the results are based was collected by J.H.S. during a five months\xe2\x80\x99 stay (October 1958-February 1959) in the Dutch West Indies (or Netherlands Antilles, as they are more officially called), which was made possible by a grant from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam. The greater part of the time was spent at the Caribbean Marine Biological Institute, Piscadera Bay, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, although short visits to the other islands of the Netherlands Antilles, viz. Aruba, Bonaire, St. Martin, St. Eustatius and Saba, have to a certain degree supplemented the results obtained in Cura\xc3\xa7ao.

Description: Die Funde von Vertebratenknochen in dem Ton von Tegelen bei Venlo (Provinz Zuid Limburg, Niederlande), sind schon lange bekannt und eingehend bearbeitet worden (SCHREUDER, 1945). Die dunkelbraunen, meist gut erhaltenen Knochen, liegen im blauen Ton eingebettet. Ohne Zweifel sind die Reste einst vom Fluss angeschwemmt und hier abgelagert worden. Der Ton findet sich unter etwa 5 Meter Sand und Kies und wird \xc3\xbcberdies noch von etwa 3 Meter sandigem Ton \xc3\xbcberlagert. Das ganze befindet sich in der Hochterrasse der Maas. Schon in R\xc3\xb6mischer Zeit wurde hier Ton gegraben, zur Herstellung von Keramik. Der Name des Dorfes Tegelen stammt vom Lateinischen Tiglia! Eine ganze Reihe Knochen von S\xc3\xa4ugetieren, V\xc3\xb6geln und sogar einer Schildkr\xc3\xb6te wurde hier gefunden und haupts\xc3\xa4chlich von BERNSEN und SCHREUDER beschrieben. Eine Liste der Arten findet man bei SCHREUDER (1945).\nBis jetzt wird noch st\xc3\xa4ndig Ton gegraben und verarbeitet in Ziegel- und Keramikfabriken, welche sich im Dorfe Tegelen befinden. Wurde der Ton fr\xc3\xbcher mit Spaten gestochen, so ist jetzt der ganze Betrieb mechanisiert. Deshalb wird in letzter Zeit kein einziges Fossil mehr aufbewahrt. So bedauerlich das nun scheint, kann man doch erwarten, dass ziemlich wenig verloren geht. Die Erfahrung hat n\xc3\xa4mlich gezeigt, dass die bekannten Knochenfunde sich nur stellenweise auftun. Die Fossilien liegen so zu sagen in Gruppen zusammen und diese befinden sich meistens dicht am Rande der Hochterrasse. In Gruben wie die heutigen, die tief in den Berg hineingehen, findet man selten Fossilien. Es ist eine l\xc3\xa4ngst bekannte Tatsache, dass die Knochen niemals unbesch\xc3\xa4digt sind, und dass man niemals ganze Skelette eines Tieres geborgen hat. Von fr\xc3\xbcheren Autoren wurde immer behauptet, dass solches verursacht wurde durch die Weise, in welcher der Ton gegraben wurde. Von den Arbeitern sollten die Skelette mit den Spaten zerstochen sein und, weil man vertikal arbeitete, die Fossilien aber nat\xc3\xbcrlicherweise horizontal abgelagert waren, sollten auch die zusammen geh\xc3\xb6rende Skeletteile getrennt worden sein.

Description: subsp. olympiacus Kolar und Rebel Die in Parn. VI p. 33/34 gegebene Diagnose dieser distincten Unterart, von der mir nunmehr Vertreter mehrerer Jahrg\xc3\xa4nge vorliegen, kann wie folgt erg\xc3\xa4nzt werden. \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x80 37-41 mm. \xe2\x99\x82 im Vorderfl\xc3\xbcgel mit ungleich lang ausgebildeter Marginale, bis \xc3\xbcber Cu1 oder bis kurz vor der Fl\xc3\xbcgelrundung ; Submarginale bescheiden bis \xc3\xbcber Cu1; Endzellfleck \xc3\xb6fter f. quincunx n.c.; im Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgel h\xc3\xa4ufig Marginale internerval und Submarginale angedeutet. \xe2\x99\x80 mit mehr oder weniger markant entwickelter fasciata-Binde, ocelloconjuncta-Steg und stets mit ampliusanalis-Fleck. subsp. graecus Ziegler Das neue Material in meiner Sammlung best\xc3\xa4tigt den typischen habitus dieser stark androtropen Unterart, wie er in Parn. Nova XIV angegeben ist. \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x80 37-41 mm. subsp. peloponnesiacus Pag.\nDer Fundort Patras bedarf immer noch der Best\xc3\xa4tigung. Das \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x80 in meiner Sammlung ex c. Menthe stammt auch von Neuschild, aufgrund dessen Material Pagenstecher die subspecies beschrieben hat. subsp. albanicus Riemel \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x80 40-44 mm; subsp. macedonicus Bollow \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x80 38-43 mm.\nMeinen fr\xc3\xbcheren Ausf\xc3\xbchrungen habe ich nichts hinzuzuf\xc3\xbcgen. subsp. dardanus Rebel Die Diagnose in Parn. VI p. 34 sei dahingehend richtiggestellt, dass der Hinterrandsfleck des Vorderfl\xc3\xbcgels rundlich klein ist, und dass die Ozellen in beiden Geschlechtern klein bis mittelgross sind. Die Hinterrandsschw\xc3\xa4rze ist seicht, zuweilen reduziert.

Description: This study is a full-sounding prelude to the fundamental work on the morphology of inflorescences, which is being prepared by Prof. Dr. W. Troll of Mainz.\nAll inflorescences in Valerianaceae are understood as modifications of one basic form, the thyrse. It is gratifying to note that forms of inflorescences, described in systematical works as for instance 1) capitate or interruptedly spicate (Plectritis), 2) compound dichasium, dichotomous throughout (cymoid Valeriana spp.), or dichotomously branched inflorescence (Valerianella), 3) \xe2\x80\x98rispig bis fast trugdoldig\xe2\x80\x99 (Phuodendron), in reality all are variations on one theme, the decussate mono-, to pleiothyrse, i. e. a simple to compound inflorescence with a racemous primary axis and cymous lateral axes. The transformations take place first of all by a favoured development of lateral axes on definite heights of the main axis (\xe2\x80\x98basi-mesotoner, akrotoner F\xc3\xb6rderungssinn\xe2\x80\x99) and secondly by the number of flowers developing and the more or less pronounced tendency to form monochasia. Moreover, different forms such as loose panicles, umbels, glomerules, heads and even nearly simple racemes (Aretiastrum), originate by extension or reduction of axes of some or all orders.

Description: This publication represents a continuation of a previous article on the Caribbean Vertiginidae (this series, Vol. X, 1960, No. 41), and it will follow the same arrangement as the former. This will not only add to the uniformity of the series, it will, furthermore, make it simpler to compile individual faunal lists from any locality situated within the region treated here. Yet another continuation will follow this article, in which some smaller families with their representatives in the Caribbean region will be listed.\nThe photographs (Plates X E and XI I excepted) were again taken by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, with the technical assistance of Mr. H. VAN KOOTEN, at the Zoological Laboratory of the State University, Utrecht.

Description: The first find of a colony of a Coptotermes species smaller in size than the wellknown C. curvignathus Holmgr., was made while I was inspecting Acacia tomentosa trees growing on the forest boundary near Tanggung, in the teak area east of Semarang, in August 1920. The colony inhabited a deep fissure situated in the fork of a living tree. In the following years what appeared to be the same species was found on dry timber in a few other localities of the same area, and also, by my co-worker F. VERBEEK, in the forests near Randublatung and Tjepu, all in Central Java. In 1926/1927 the first complaints were received of damage done by this termite in a godown in Surabaya, East Java, and to a house at Bogor, West Java. Gradually more evidence came to hand of its not infrequent occurrence in the lowland forests and its occasional invasion of buildings in various parts of the country.\nIn 1934\xe2\x80\x941937 observations on this Coptotermes were included in a scheme for incidental investigations into the termite life in the teak forests surrounding the field laboratory at Gedangan, near Semarang. Data on the attack on dry and green trunks of certain timbers were collected and a preliminary, rather unsuccessful search was made for the site of the central nest. The species was also included in various experiments. At Bogor some observations could be made concerning its occurrence in buildings and part of a colony was brought to the laboratory. Some results of these investigations have already been published (KALSHOVEN, 1941, 1952, 1955).

Description: Mit einem Tiertransport aus der Demokratischen Republik Vietnam waren am 14.10.1961 unter anderem Nachtreiher (Nycticorax n. nycticorax), Schwarze Zwergscharben oder Mohrenscharben (Phalacrocorax niger), Dunkle Rallenreiher (Ardeola bacchus) und Seidenreiher (Egretta g. garzetta) direkt auf dem See- Wege \xc3\xbcber Rostock nach Berlin gelangt. Zum Vorkommen dieser V\xc3\xb6gel in Vietnam siehe FISCHER (1961). Einige V\xc3\xb6gel gingen ein; sie wurden helminthologisch untersucht. Zur Dauer des Aufenthalts im Berliner Tierpark muss die Dauer der Reise (etwa 2 Monate) sowie ein mehr oder weniger langer Aufenthalt in einem Tierfanglager bei Hanoi hinzugez\xc3\xa4hlt werden, um die Differenz zwischen dem Zeitpunkt der Sektion und dem Datum des Fanges der V\xc3\xb6gel in ihrem Heimatgebiet zu erhalten. Dieser Umstand ist besonders bei der Beurteilung des Metorchis- Fundes zu ber\xc3\xbccksichtigen.\nF\xc3\xbcr die Erm\xc3\xb6glichung und F\xc3\xb6rderung der Untersuchungen m\xc3\xb6chte ich den Herren Prof. Dr. H. DATHE, W. GRUMMT und W. FISCHER bestens danken.

Description: The taxonomic position of some Australian Ruelliinae and Justiciinae is discussed. In Dipteracanthus two new combinations are proposed, viz. D. primulaceus (F. v. M\xc3\xbcll, ex Bth.) Brem. and D. corynothecus (F. v. M\xc3\xbcl, ex Bth.) Brem., both originally described in Ruellia, and one new species and one new variety are described, viz. D. sessiliflorus Brem. and D. corynothecus (F. v. M\xc3\xbcll, ex Bth.) Brem. var. grandiflorus Brem. The Australian specimens that hitherto have been referred to Justicia procumbens L (= Rostellularia procumbens (L) Nees) will have to be referred to various other Rostellularia species. Justicia kempeana F. v. M\xc3\xbcll, is removed to a new genus Sarojusticia, which necessitates the new combination S. kempeana (F. v. M\xc3\xbcll) Brem.

Description: The chromosome numbers of some of the annual species of the genus Trifolium occurring in the Netherlands were investigated.\nIn the summer of 1959 seeds were collected in Walcheren, province of Zeeland, which is rich in Trifolium species.

Description: The following species and varieties were either found after my list of Myxomycetes from the Netherlands was published (Acta Bot. Neerl. 10: 80-98. 1961) or they are recorded because further study has convinced me of their vallidity of which I was doubtful at first.\nThere was now no need to mark species that are not on Dr. Karstens\xe2\x80\x99 unpublished list, as was done in my previous paper, as these are all new records for the Netherlands.

Description: Agharkar, S.P.\nT.S. Mahabal\xc3\xa9, J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 40 (1961) 131-134, photogr. B. S. Navalkar, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 57 (1960) 635-636.

Description: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson, Kuching, will go on leave in October 1962.\nMr P.S. Ashton, Cambridge (U.K.), has accepted the post of Forest Botanist at kuching, Sarawak, and will in September 1962 proceed to Borneo.

Description: This series of two or more volumes starts to be published in the summer of 1962; the page proofs of the first volume, which was sent to the press in May 1960, were received by Dr. E. Quisumbing at Manila where the volume is being printed, in March; its publication can be expected by July 1962.\nThe series \xe2\x80\x9dPacific Plant Areas\xe2\x80\x9d means to give all that is already known about distribution of taxa of generic and lower level which centre round the Pacific Ocean, and also to add to our knowledge by giving new maps which have been carefully prepared by specialists. Hence the series consists of a bibliographic part and a cartographic part, preceded by an explanatory introduction. Volume I is mainly bibliographic, containing about 3200 references to maps and 26 newly prepared maps; volume II will be mainly cartographic, containing about 124 newly prepared maps, and will hopely be ready for the press by the end of 1962.

Description: Cyatheaceae. Dr. R.E. Holttum, Kew, has concluded his revision for the Flora Malesiana, Series II.\nOphioglossaceae. Mr J.H. wieffering, at the Rijksherbarium, is seeing the end of his summary revision of the genus Ophioglossum for SE. Asia and Malaysia.

Description: For the pollination of their flowers, plants of the genus Ficus are absolutely dependent upon the activity of small insects, the \xe2\x80\x9dfig wasps\xe2\x80\x9d (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, family Agaonidae). Consequently, no account of Ficus can be exhaustive without considering the entomological data. On the other hand, the fig wasps can only develop in the gall flowers of the fig receptacle. Consequently again, in the evaluation of the data on fig wasps, great stress should be laid on the botanical evidence. These statements may serve as ample justification for the appearance of an entomologists\xe2\x80\x99 notes in this botanical bulletin.\nSince 1960 I am working through a large collection of Indo-malayan and Papuan fig wasps, mainly consisting of the collection made by Dr. J. van der Vecht at Bogor, and material sent by Dr. E.J.H. Corner from various parts of Malaya, Indonesia, Papua, and Melanesia. As the study of the fig wasps is still in its analytical stage, progress is slow, but the results are promising.

Description: Allioni, C., Auctuarium ..... Horti reg. Taurinensis (M\xc3\xa9l. Philos. Math. Soc. Roy. Turin 5, 94 seq.).\nCf. H.P. Fuchs, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 71 (1961) 350-351.

Description: Although our knowledge of reproductive parts of bamboos is still very defective, an adequately collected vegetative specimen is valuable and sufficient for identification. Like in tree ferns (see p. 567) and in rattans, a well-collected specimen does not need to be excessively bulky, provided the essential parts are taken.\nWe hope that field workers will overcome the hesitation they might feel to attack this difficult but very important plant group.

Description: A rather extensive series of collections of the genus Amanita from Malaya and Singapore, provided the basis of 22 species described as new. The obscure species Amanita eriophora (Berk.) Gilb., A. fritillaria (Berk.) Sacc., A. virginea Mass., Armillaria squamosa Mass., and Collybia elata Mass. are redescribed and the last two transferred to Amanita. Amanita similis Boed. is reduced to the rank of a subspecies of A. hemibapha (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. and A. hemibapha sensu Boed. described as A. hemibapha subsp. javanica. Amanita rubrovolvata Imai is recorded for the first time from outside Japan.

Description: A survey is given of the Sordariaceae of Indonesia. The family is represented by seven genera containing 18 species in all. The new genus Zygopleurage Boedijn is introduced. Pleurage longicollis (Ames) Boedijn, Bombardia caudata (Curr.) Boedijn, and Zygopleurage zygospora (Speg.) Boedijn are proposed as new combinations.

Description: Ample collections preserved at Uppsala under the name Hydnum versipelle and two exsiccata of Sarcodon laevigatus were examined and compared with the original descriptions. The material of Hydnum versipelle is shown to be heterogeneous, comprising three collections belonging to Sarcodon amarescens, and ten collections of a species which has the main characters of Sarcodon laevigatus. The few differences observed are attributed to differences of a chemical nature, and Hydnum versipelle is formally reduced to the synonymy of Sarcodon laevigatus.

Description: This paper contains some additional information and discussions as well as corrections of statements and of facts recorded in a previously published paper entitled \xe2\x80\x9cThe generic names proposed for Polyporaceae\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: Some critical remarks are made on the treatment of the basidium in a recently published handbook on cryptogams by M. Chadefaud.

Description: The genus Pseudohiatula, based on hymeniform structure of epicutis with interspersed dermatocystidia or trichodermial-palisadic structure without dermatocystidia, contains species, all belonging in the same tribus (Marasmieae), but does not seem to be sufficiently homogeneous to be maintained sensu lato. It is now restricted to the type species (P. cyatheae), and P. callistosporioides is united with Cyptotrama macrobasidium in the genus Cyptotrama; P. irrorata and P. panamensis (perhaps also P. ohshimae) are referable to Hydropus (where species with projecting dermatocystidia and with muricate pleurocystidia should be admitted); P. conigenoides, esculenta, stephanocystis, and tenacella are placed in a new genus, Strobilurus, and P. cinnamomea in another new genus, Physocystidium.

Description: In the Malayan region an interesting ascomycete occurs, which in general appearance resembles a species of Xylaria. It was described from Java by Penzig & Saccardo as Xylaria polysticha (3) and again some years later as Xylaria xanthophaea (4). This may be explained by the fact, that the first name was given to old, discoloured material, whereas the second name refers to fresh well developed specimens exhibiting the typical brown colour.\nDuring my long stay in Indonesia I had ample opportunity to collect and study this species, which grows especially in the mountainous regions. One of the most striking characters is the consistency of the stromata, which are conspicuously fleshy and not hard as in Xylaria. Penzig & Saccardo in describing the fungus state in the diagnosis of Xylaria polysticha that it is \xe2\x80\x9ccarnoso-coriacea\xe2\x80\x9d and in that of Xylaria xanthophaea (described from the fresh material) they use the expression \xe2\x80\x9ccarnosulo-molli\xe2\x80\x9d. The perithecia are arranged in the stroma in several layers and the asci and spores are extremely small. The ascospores are typical almondshaped and have a minute germ-pore at the pointed end. All these features clearly indicate, that this fungus is not a species of Xylaria and not even a member of the Xylariaceae. In this family the consistency of the stromata is tough and the ascospores are provided with a long, lateral germ-slit. This led me (1) to establish the family Sarcostromellaceae with the genus Sarcostromella to accomodate such fungi.

Description: In this paper descriptions are given of the hyphal structure in the hydnaceous genera Climacodon P. Karst., Creolophus P. Karst., Donkia Pil\xc3\xa1t, Hydnellum P. Karst., Mycoleptodonoides Nikol., Mycorrhaphium Maas G. (which is introduced as a new genus), Phellodon P. Karst., Sarcodon P. Karst., and Steccherinum S. F. Gray. The following new combinations are proposed: Hydnellum piperatum (Coker) Maas G., Mycorrhaphium adustum (Schw.) Maas G., M. pusillum (Brot. ex Fr.) Maas G., and Steccherinum murashkinskyi (Burt) Maas G.

Description: Of Cochlearia officinalis L. and C. anglica L. 160 herbarium specimens with well developed basal and cauline leaves, and with flowers or mature fruits, all collected in the Netherlands, have been investigated. Fig. 1, j shows a theoretical frequency distribution curve of a single character for two well distinguishable species in general. Fig. 1, a-g show the frequency distribution curves of the measured characters of the species under discussion: a. angle of attachment of the lamina to the petiole in the basal leaves (explained in fig. 1, h and i for C. officinalis and C. anglica respectively); b. length-breadth relation of basal leaves; c. id. of stem leaves; d. length of petals; e. length of style; f. length-breadth relation of septum, and g. length of seed.\nIt is concluded that the greater part of the curves do not show the double top of fig. 1, j, and that therefore the two species cannot be distinguished very easily. Only characters a and f have two tops. The average of character f for C. anglica differs from that given in most floras. Fig. 2, a-f and table I show the results of measurements on selected herbarium specimens, the selection being based on the habitat. \xe2\x80\x9cOfficinalis\xe2\x80\x9d specimens found in brackish bank vegetations of the alliance Senecion fluviatilis (transition to Agropyro-Rumicion) were separated from \xe2\x80\x9canglica\xe2\x80\x9d ones, originating from salt marsh vegetations of the alliance Armerion maritimae. It now appeared that there exists a rather close connection between morphology and ecology in Cochlearia, since most of the curves are symmetrical; averages differ considerably in most cases (numbers between brackets are standard deviations of observations and average respectively). Separation of the two species, provided that the plants are collected in \xe2\x80\x9cpure\xe2\x80\x9d habitats, appears to be possible; however, in those cases where difficulties in identification are met with, population study will be necessary.

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 3\nOrder Primates.................. 6\nFamily Cercopithecidae................ 6\nGenus Presbytis................. 6\nPresbytis melalophos (Raffles)............ 6\nPresbytis aygula (L.)............... 16\nPresbytis rubicunda (M\xc3\xbcller)............. 18\nPresbytis frontata (M\xc3\xbcller)............. 20\nPresbytis and Trachypithecus............. 20\nPleistocene remains of Presbytis from Java......... 24\nCave material of Presbytis from Sumatra......... 25\nGenus Trachypithecus............... 25\nTrachypithecus cristatus (Raffles)........... 25\nRace and sex in Trachypithecus cristatus.......... 32\nPleistocene remains of Trachypithecus from Java....... 37\nTrachypithecus cristatus robustus nov. subsp......... 41\nCave material of Trachypithecus from Java......... 41\nCave material of Trachypithecus from Sumatra........ 42\nGenus Macaca................. 44\nMacaca fascicularis (Raffles)............. 44\nMacaca nemestrina (L.).............. 48\nPleistocene remains of Macaca from Java......... 50\nCave material of Macaca from Java.......... 54\nCave material of Macaca from Sumatra......... 57

Description: CONTENTS\nPage Introduction.................. 3\nSystematics . ................ 5\nMorphology................. 5\nPsenulus Kohl . . .............. 7\nDivision into groups of species............. 9\nKey to the groups................ 9\nKey to the females................ 13\nKey to the males................ 19\nNotes on some Indian species of Psenulus......... 110\nBionomics ................ 111\nSystematic list of Indo-Australian Pseninae.......... 112\nLiterature.................. 115\nIndex.................... 117\nINTRODUCTION\nAs compared with the study of the genus Psen that of the Indo-Australian species of the genus Psenulus is more difficult because of the considerable sexual dimorphism existing in some groups. The material on the whole being scarce it is therefore sometimes impossible to associate the sexes with satisfactory certainty. In those species which are more or less marked with yellow the conformity of the colour pattern may be a useful indication, but there are also species, in the group of Ps. scutatus for instance, in which the males are much darker than the females.\nFor this study I could examine about 400 specimens, originating from

Description: This study was started as a revision of the Malaysian species of Neckeropsis, but soon it proved to be necessary to include the species from the adjacent areas. The result was a revision covering all Asiatic and Pacific species.\nThe material studied was obtained from the following herbaria (abbreviations according to Index Herbariorum I, ed. 4, 1959): BISH, BM, BO, BR, BRI, FH, G, GL, GRO, H, K, L, M, MEL, NICH, NSW, NY, PC, PNH, SAN, SING, US.

Description: During the pre-naming of some new collections made by the Forestry Service of North Borneo, Mr L. L. Forman, Kew, provisionally identified a collection from Pulau Gaya, District of Jesselton, San 20499, gathered by Dr. W. Meijer, as an undescribed species of the American genus Simaba. As he knew that I had almost finished a revision of the Simaroubaceae for the Flora Malesiana, he immediately gave notice and sent the material with the permission of the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, without delay to Leyden. I have to thank him most cordially for this friendly and generous gesture. Later Dr. J. A. R. Anderson, of the Sarawak Forestry Service, Kuching, kindly pointed our attention to the fact that the species had been collected in the past, both in Borneo and Sumatra, and that these specimens had been distributed as Parishia sp.\nIn critical checking the generic identity of the specimen, Mr Forman\xe2\x80\x99s opinion appeared to be correct, and the new plant has been since described as a new species in the Flora Malesiana. At the same time it appeared possible to accommodate it also in several other American and African genera as well, for example Simarouba, Hannoa, and Odyendyea. This necessitated a closer comparison of these genera, and some others, a desirability which I had earlier thought to lie outside the scope of the Flora Malesiana revision.

Description: Among the Rubiaceae collected by Dr. P. C. Heyligers near Jodensavanne, a village on the Suriname River, I found a new Psychotria species which I provisionally described as Psychotria farameoides. At the time I made this description, it was not my intention to publish it, as on account of the absence of fruits it was incomplete. As in this genus the most trustworthy characters for the determination of the position of the species are found in the fruit, especially in the pyrene and in the endosperm, it is, in my opinion, undesirable to publish descriptions in which these characters are not recorded. However, as Dr. Heyligers wanted to mention this species in the description of one of the vegetation types found in the savannas of this region, and as after all its position could be determined with a reasonable degree of probability by means of the characters in which it resembled some other species, I decided to put my scruples aside and to publish the description. Here it is.\nPsychotria farameoides Brem. n. spec., a speciebus quas Mueller Argovensis ad Eu-psychotriae species Bracteosas ascripsit combinatione florum subcapitatorum cum foliis basi rotundatis et vix notabile petiolatis distinguenda, a Ps. bracteata DC quam Mueller Argovensis ad Inundatas adnumeravit forma bractearum lineari-lanceolata et foliis minoribus, pro rata angustioribus, basi rotundatis et brevius petiolatis diversa, a speciebus quas Mueller Argovensis ad subgeneris Cepha\xc3\xablis species Barbifloras retulit foliis aut majoribus et pro rata angustioribus aut subsessilibus, basi rotundatis et insuper stipulis brevissimis recedens.

Description: A. DE CANDOLLE\xe2\x80\x99s (1830) treatment of the genus Campanula lists 137 species. Many new species were described since, so that the total number of species should be estimated to be at least twice that number. A new monograph of the genus is, therefore, highly desirable (CLIFFORD CROOK, 1951).\nAny classification into subgenera and sections, based on herbarium studies, is bound to meet considerable difficulties on account of the great uniformity among many floral characters of the various species. Cytological information may prove very valuable in order to arrive at a modern classification of the species within the genus.