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  • Articles  (113,213)
  • 1980-1984  (113,213)
  • Geosciences  (113,213)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in sublittoral sediments and their associated macro-infauna in response to inner shelf processes; Swansea Bay, U.K. (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between sublittoral sediments and their associated macro-infaunas in a coastal embayment. Samples of a fine-grained surficial deposit were collected at monthly intervals from Swansea Bay, located in the northern Bristol Channel. The area is one of high tidal and wave energy. Mean spring and mean neap tidal ranges are 8.6 and 4.1 m respectively, and the area is subjected to wave action from locally-generated winds and swell from the Atlantic Ocean. Maximum near-bed tidally- or wave-induced currents are of the order of 1 ms-1.The surveys have provided the factual basis for a model to explain the presence in a sublittoral deposit of allochthonous bivalves of an inshore, muddy-sand Abra community and an offshore Spisula subcommunity of the Venus communtiy. Further, a mechanism is advanced to explain the rapid burial of the allochthonous bivalves by coarse-grained sediment influx during storms and the subsequent localized deposition of mud.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00886.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithofacies types and vertical profile models; an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00896.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane-derived high-Mg calcite submarine cement in Holocene nodules from the Fraser Delta, British Columbia, Canada (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Carbonate nodules and slabs in late Holocene shelly terrigenous deposits of the modern Fraser River delta (∼49°N) are formed close to the seafloor by precipitation from saline pore waters of mainly fibrous to bladed crystals of high-Mg (∼ 10–20 mol% MgCO3) calcite cement as coalescing isopachous crusts on grains. Previous reports that the cement is low-Mg calcite are not supported by this study. Highly negative δ13C values of − 7 to − 59‰ for the cements indicate that the bulk of their carbonate carbon was derived from the microbiological degradation of organic matter in the deltaic deposits during shallow burial. In particular, the production of biogenic methane (CH4) by anaerobic bacterial fermentation, its upward migration, chemical or biological oxidation to CO2 and neutralization in the near-surface sediment, and diffusion to microenvironments relatively enriched in organic components, are a possible set of conditions influencing the process and sites of carbonate cementation. Methane-derived Mg-calcite appears also to be the major submarine cement in several other modern occurrences of lithified shallow-water terrigenous sands and muds at non-tropical latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01228.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proximal braidplain deposits in the Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspé, Quebec, Canada (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspé, Canada, comprises sharply alternating conglomerate and sandstone units. Their petrography suggests derivation from the same source, but palaeocurrents indicate different dispersal systems for the sand and gravel. The principal conglomerate facies is horizontally stratified, with well-developed imbrication, characteristic of deposition on a high-energy, proximal braidplain. Minor cross-stratified conglomerate shows well-defined size sorting, attributed to avalanching down foresets and sorting within minor bedforms on bar tops. The sandstone units mainly comprise erosion surfaces overlain by mudstone intraclasts, alternating with lineated low-angle to horizontally stratified sandstone or trough cross-stratified sandstone. The sandstone units were deposited on a proximal braidplain with highly variable discharge, but the absence of calcrete indicates that dry periods were not prolonged.The Malbaie is the coarsest, uppermost formation of a Devonian clastic wedge formed during the Acadian Orogeny. The uniformity of facies association and palaeocurrents, particularly in conglomerate units, indicates derivation from a broad upwarp to the south. This implies that the Acadian uplands resulted from straight compression, in contrast to the localized uplifts formed by strike-slip faulting during the Carboniferous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01230.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentological characteristics of the surficial sediments of the Kuwaiti marine environment, northern Arabian Gulf (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The textural characteristics, carbonate content and the coarse fraction components of the Recent bottom sediments of the marine environment off Kuwait are described and the faunal-sediment associations discussed. The sediments were subdivided into seven textural classes, namely sand, silty sand, muddy sand, sandy silt, sandy mud, silt and mud. Most of the study area is covered with muddy sediments whereas sandy deposits are restricted to the rocky bottoms near the southern flat of Kuwait Bay, the southern coast of Kuwait and around the islands and bathymetric highs. The textural classes, carbonate contents and faunal types of the coarse fraction were used to construct a biolithofacies map of the marine bottom sediments off Kuwait, in which nine facies are identified. The sedimentological characteristics of the Recent marine bottom sediments off Kuwait reflect the interaction between autochthonous calcareous fragments mostly of biogenic origin, lime rock fragments derived from beachrocks and submerged reef flats, and allochthonous terrigenous detritus transported to the area mainly by dust storms. The Kuwaiti offshore area is generally a low energy depositional environment with little sediment transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01818.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of grain-size distributions from measured sediment data, Platte River, Nebraska (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Breaks in the slope of log-probability plots of cumulative grain-size distributions of bed material are compared with frequency distributions of bedload and suspended sediment over a range of discharges at two stations on the Platte River in south-central Nebraska. The break between suspension and intermittent suspension as determined from the bed-material curve coincides with the upper limit of the grain-size overlap between bedload particles and suspended-sediment particles, whereas the break between intermittent suspension and traction corresponds to the grain size at the lower limit of overlap of bedload particles and suspended-sediment particles. Although grain-size distributions of bedload change little with discharge, the size of the coarsest grains in suspension increases with increasing discharge. Thus, the length of overlap of bedload and suspended-sediment distributions increases with increasing discharge. The limits of grain-size overlap of bedload and suspended-sediment distribution curves associated with near-flood discharges most closely approximate the breaks in the bed material grain-size distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01820.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateritization and ground water alteration phenomena in the Triassic Budra Formation, south-western Sinai (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Field and laboratory investigations of the Triassic Budra Formation of Wadi Budra, south-west Sinai, have demonstrated the existence of surface pedogenic laterites developed within‘overbank facies’of fluviatile sediments during times of hiatus. The laterite profiles, up to 7 m thick, comprise a zone of high-iron concentrations (21.47–73.17%) which includes a concretionary unit and either overlies a zone of slightly mottled host rock or rests directly upon unaltered sandstone; a pallid zone is noticeably absent. The primary depositional horizontal fabric of the finely laminated sediments of the‘overbank facies’ has strongly influenced the final fabric of the laterite. The pronounced alternations of iron-rich pisolitic and iron-deficient laminae highlight the influence of inherent fabric (primary bedding) on pedogenesis. The micromorphology of the laterites is characterized by bimasepic plasmic fabrics, abundant elongate voids partially infilled with cryptocrystalline kaolinite and an abundance of randomly oriented skew planes. Illuviation of clay minerals to considerable depths is evident. Sesquioxidic and kaolinitic glaebules, concentrated within the concretionary units of the laterite have a flattened ellipsoidal shape and occur as both massive and concentrically structural varieties.At Gebel Mussaba Salama to the north, zoned iron mineralization occurs at various levels within the fluviatile sandstones which underlie the‘overbank facies’. This is interpreted as being a non-pedogenic, ground water alteration phenomenon induced by a rising water table within the buried alluvial channels. Iron mineralization, probably records minor fluctuations of the water table during standstill periods.Lateritization in the Triassic Budra Formation provides important evidence that the widely recorded late Triassic lateritization and bauxitization event of the neighbouring East Mediterranean countries, extended south to the continental areas bordering the Tethyan Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01821.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side-scan targets in Lake Superior—evidence for bedforms and sediment transport (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A high-resolution side-scan sonar survey of the lake bed off the Keweenaw Peninsula, Lake Superior, demonstrates that bottom currents are affecting lake bed morphology at depths up to 240 m. Numerous lineations which run parallel to the shore appear to be sand ribbons. A field of sedimentary furrows which occurs in one area demonstrates the long-term directional stability of the near-bottom flow. Large (100–300 m in diameter, 2–5 m deep), unusual ring-like or arcuate depressions are common throughout the western half of Lake Superior. These rings themselves do not appear to have been formed by bottom currents, but may have developed as water was released by the rapid compaction of glacial sediments which underlie the lake bed. Off the Keweenaw Peninsula the forms of the rings have been modified by bottom currents. The bottom currents which have modified the lake bed are probably generated when storms cross the lake at times when it is poorly stratified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00862.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fluviolagoonal palaeoenvironment in the Rhine/Meuse deltaic plain (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Detailed lithostratigraphical, palynological and 14C analyses have served to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment during two main, mid-Holocene, regional phases of increased fluvial clay and sand deposition in the Rhine/Meuse deltaic plain. The investigated location lies in a broad area transitional to the upstream fluviatile and the downstream marine (lagoon/tidal flat) deposition zones. The palaeoenvironment appears to have been extensive, permanent open water intersected by the wooded natural levees of many small river channels. The term fluviolagoon is proposed for this typical environment, as illustrated here by three-dimensional oblique landscape drawings. A present-day example is found in the Magdalena river deltaic plain, Colombia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00867.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deltaic sedimentation in the Lake Hazar pull-apart basin, south-eastern Turkey (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Lake Hazar lies within a small pull-apart basin along the East Anatolian Transform Fault in south-eastern Turkey. Deltas are formed where streams debouch into the low-energy lacustrine environment. The facies constituting the deltas include delta plain debris flow, braided stream, and marginal lacustrine deposits; delta front foreset and mouth bar deposits; prodelta and lacustrine deposits. The facies are spatially restricted with sharp transitions. Facies sequences and relationships indicate two distinct styles of deltaic sedimentation. Fan deltas with a tripartite structure characteristic of Gilbert-type deltas comprise the marginal drainage system and form along the basin margins. Mouth bar deltas develop where the axial drainage system of the basin debouches into the lake. The distribution of the two deltaic types is thought to be a function of gradient and controlled by position relative to faults within the basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00868.x
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