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  • Articles  (8,993)
  • 2020-2023  (32)
  • 1945-1949  (8,961)
  • Geosciences  (8,993)
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  • Articles  (8,993)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Values of the coefficient of surface friction between the ocean and the overlying air are deduced from pilot balloon observations. They would seem to indicate that this coefficient varies directly as the wind speed, the proportionality expressed in c. g. s. units being about 7 × 10−7. On the assumption that this is so, the coefficient of turbulence in the ocean is estimated to be represented by K= 7.3 × 10−11(V8)4, where k is the coefficient of turbulence and V8 is the surface wind speed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The hypothesis has been set down that at pressures ranging from 0.4 × 1012 to at least 3.6 × 1012 dynes/cm.2 (the latter being the pressure at the Earth's centre) the compressibility K−1 of a substance at temperatures of the order of those in the Earth's deep interior is essentially independent of its chemical composition. A simple form of the hypothesis to the effect that K and dk/dp (where p denotes pressure) change continuously and smoothly throughout the Earth below a depth of 1000 km. has been discussed in relation to seismic data. The hypothesis entails an abnormally large density gradient in the lowest 200 km. of the Earth's mantle, and in the Earth's inner core, and that these two regions are not chemically homogeneous. It entails that the density near the Earth's centre lies between about 16 g./cm.3 and 20 g./cm.3 (apart from a possible accumulation of even denser material very close to the centre). The hypothesis in its simplest form would require the Earth's density to be a little higher in the region above the 1000-km. level than the figures given in a previous model. The hypothesis would entail that the inner core is solid, capable of transmitting S waves at a speed not less than about 4.9 km./sec. and probably less than 6.0 km./sec.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In a previous paper (M. N., 108, 406, 1948) the author has suggested that the density jump at the boundary of the Earth's core is duc to a phase transition under pressure, and not to the appearance of a new material such as iron. A metallic type of structure was proposed for the material in the core. In the present paper the transition to the metallic phase is explained in greater detail. Seismological data are used to prove that the core cannot be composed of either iron or an alloy of nickel and iron. It is shown how the theory removes certain difficulties arising from the hypothesis of an iron core, and how it can account for features not hitherto explained.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A simplified method is given for finding the corrections for bending and stretching of a pendulum used for making an absolute determination of gravity. It appears that the correction given by Clark is incorrect and that the value of g for Teddington consequently needs an increase of about 1.7 mgal. Examination of several minor corrections mentioned by Heyl and Cook for the Washington determination shows that they mount up and that the value given by these authors also needs an increase of about 1.5 mgal. When taken in conjunction with the relative determination by Bullard and Browne, the revised values give a discrepancy of 4.7 ± 1.6 mgal., which is large enough to need attention. An independent determination is desirable.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The constitution of Venus is discussed in the light of the density-pressure hypothesis stated by W. H. Ramsey. It is shown that on this theory, an increase in the precision of observations of the diameter of Venue can lead to a useful test on the question of the chemical homogeneity of the Earth's mantle. ‘The bearing of the writer's compressibility-pressure hypothesis on the density distribution in Venus is discussed. Values of the density and pressure in Venus are also given on the older hypothesis that the Earth's mantle and core are composed of chemically distinct materials.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The tidal movement of sea water relative to the Earth's magnetic field induces electromotive forces of a few millivolts per kilometre. Recent measurements off Plymouth show that the potential gradient is at right angles to the streams in that part of the English Channel. Observations on cross-channel telephone cables indicate that a considerable flow of electric current takes place, which can be accounted for b assuming the mean conductivity of the sea-bed to be of the order of 6 × 10-5 (ohms-cm.)-1. Tidally generated earth-currents spread into the land on either side of the Channel and have been measured near Lulworth. It may be possible to use them for the measurement of tidal stream velocities.In the second part of the paper the potential gradients generated by water flow in shallow channels of rectangular or elliptical section are examined. The horizontal gradient in the water is almost independent of vertical variations in water velocity but is affected critically by the depth of the channel and the conductivity of the channel-bed. The induced electric currents can be expected to extend to depths comparable with the width of the channel.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The magnetic profiles taken over various members of the tholeiite dykes of the North of England show that they possess abnormal magnetic polarization. Direct measurement of the residual magnetism gives a series of magnetic vectors which could arise from a magnetizing field in opposition to the present field. Minor deviations in direction can be explained by flow of the molten material below the Curie point of the magnetic content.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: With the use of international magnetic character figures, the statistical rise of geomagnetic activity is investigated for the solar disk passage of four area groupings of sunspots, 1914-1944. This is the reverse process of earlier Greenwich work in which the comparison was made from geomagnetic storms to sunspots.For sunspots exceeding 1500 millionths of the Sun's hemisphere there is a very definite increase of geomagnetic activity centred at about two days after the date of central meridian passages of the sunspots. But this relationship rapidly degenerates, and from the area criterion alone ceases to be significant below the area group 1000-750 millionths. Other sunspot groupings based on solar flare incidence greatly improve the correlation. and for the minor naked-eye sunspots, around 500 millionths, a peak of geomagnetic activity now appears.Twenty-seven-day recurrence tendencies of the geomagnetic activity associated with the various sunspot groupings are examined, and the pseudocharacter of what is found is contrasted with the strong and more precise twenty-seven-day recurrence tendency of the smaller storms, especially those without SC onset and not apparently dependent upon sunspot or solar flare incidence.The statistical non-recurrence of great magnetic storms is confirmed from 1907-1944 data.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1949), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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