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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-12-21
    Description: We present here the results of a five-years-long earthquake educational project aiming to commemorate the hundredth anniversaries of five large Northern Apennines earthquakes occurred between 1916 and 1920 in the areas of: Rimini (1916, Mw 6.1), Valtiberina (1917, Mw 5.9), Romagna Apennines (1918, Mw 5.9), Mugello (1919, Mw 6.3) and Garfagnana (1920, Mw 6.5) earthquakes. We saw these anniversaries as the occasion for leading the Northern Apennines people to rediscover their past, in a positive way, and to improve their awareness of the earthquake as a natural feature of the regions in which they live. The activities that we planned for schools students encouraged them to go hunting for traces of the earthquakes of one hundred years ago in their home towns and to rediscover the memories and traditions of their communities. Together with their teachers, we also led the teenagers to find creative ways to involve the grownups in the process of discovery and knowledge. The Project had to cope with two emergencies: the great Central Italy earthquake of 2016-2017 and the Covid-19 epidemic. However, these stumbling blocks did not deter teachers and students from taking part in the process actively and even enthusiastically. Their families and communities were actively involved too. This experience taught us some valuable lessons. First of all, we learned to adapt the project, as we had conceived it at the start, to a wide gamma of social and cultural contexts. Not all the involved communities were equally aware of the level of seismic risk they are exposed to. On the affluent Adriatic coast, where tourism is the main source of income, past earthquakes are something best forgotten, by citizens and administrators alike. On the contrary, in the poorer inland mountain areas (Forlivese Apennines, Mugello, Garfagnana and Lunigiana) a more down-to-earth attitude prevails: earthquakes are looked upon as something that can and does happen and people are quick to grasp how important it is to contribute to initiatives whose aim is reducing seismic risk. Thus, we had to adapt our approach to the different contexts, modifying each time the activities we proposed to the schools with the aim of obtain the best possible results from each situation. Presentiamo i risultati di un progetto di educazione al rischio sismico attivato in occasione dei centenari di cinque terremoti storici che hanno colpito l’Appennino settentrionale tra gli anni 1916 e 1920 e precisamente i terremoti di Rimini 1916 (Mw 6.1), Valtiberina 1917 (Mw 5.9), Appennino romagnolo 1918 (Mw 5.9), Mugello 1919 (Mw 6.3) e Garfagnana 1920 (Mw 6.5). Abbiamo pensato di utilizzare questi anniversari come punto di partenza per accompagnare i cittadini a riappropriarsi del loro passato in modo positivo, facendo crescere la loro consapevolezza del terremoto come un carattere del loro ambiente naturale. A tal fine, nelle attività realizzate con le scuole, abbiamo incoraggiato gli studenti a cercare le tracce dei terremoti di un secolo fa nell’ambiente urbanizzato e a indagare le memorie e le tradizioni ancora presenti nelle comunità. Insieme ai loro insegnanti abbiamo spinto i ragazzi a trovare modi creativi per coinvolgere gli adulti in questo processo di scoperta e conoscenza. Il progetto è stato messo alla prova dal forte terremoto dell’Italia centrale (2016­2017) e dall’epidemia di Covid­19, ma nonostante queste difficoltà insegnanti e studenti hanno partecipato con grande interesse a questo percorso e hanno coinvolto nelle attività del progetto le famiglie e le comunità locali. Anche noi abbiamo imparato nuove lezioni. Un aspetto importante che abbiamo appreso è il bisogno di adattare il progetto a contesti sociali e culturali che si sono rivelati molto diversi. Le comunità coinvolte non condividono lo stesso livello di consapevolezza del rischio: sulla costa adriatica, a vocazione turistica, i terremoti sono qualcosa che è meglio dimenticare, sia da parte dei cittadini che dalle amministrazioni. Al contrario, nell’Appennino forlivese, nel Mugello, in Garfagnana e Lunigiana, i terremoti sono una presenza costante e le persone si sono sentite subito coinvolte in un processo attivo di riduzione del rischio e di attenzione quotidiana. Questo ci ha spinto ad adattare ogni volta l’approccio ai diversi contesti, modificando le proposte di attività che abbiamo realizzato nelle scuole.
    Description: Lavoro realizzato nell’ambito della Convenzione fra INGV e Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Allegato A, tematica “M”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-40
    Description: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: EDURISK Educazione al rischio ; Rischio sismico ; Edurisk: risk education ; Seismic risk ; 04.06. Seismology ; Risk education
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-12-13
    Description: Il 09 novembre 2022 alle ore 06:07 UTC (07:07 ora italiana) un terremoto di magnitudo ML 5.7 (MW 5.5) è stato localizzato dal sistema di sorveglianza sismica dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). L'epicentro è stato localizzato nel Mar Adriatico ad una distanza di circa 30 km dalla costa marchigiana in provincia di Pesaro e Urbino, a circa 31 km dalla città di Fano e 35 km dal capoluogo di provincia Pesaro. Il mainshock è stato seguito da una replica di ML 5.2 a un minuto di distanza. I due terremoti sono stati ben avvertiti in tutta la regione Marche, e anche in tutto il centro Italia fino a Roma e nelle regioni del nord Italia. Il Presidente dell’INGV, come previsto nel Protocollo di Ente per le emergenze sismiche e da maremoto, ha prontamente convocato l’Unità di Crisi e attivato tutti i Gruppi Operativi. Tra questi SISMIKO, che coordina le reti sismiche mobili INGV in emergenza, si è attivato immediatamente preparando la strumentazione necessaria per l’installazione di una rete sismica temporanea e per l’integrazione dei dati in acquisizione nel sistema di monitoraggio e sorveglianza sismica dell’INGV. Parallelamente alle attività di coordinamento e gestione dell’emergenza sono state attivate tutte le procedure inerenti la divulgazione (report, siti web, ecc) e l’analisi dei dati preliminari. La rete temporanea in emergenza è stata installata nelle prime 24 ore dalla scossa principale ad integrazione della rete sismica permanente dell’INGV in area epicentrale. La rete temporanea di SISMIKO, costituita da 8 stazioni sismiche trasmesse in tempo reale, ha permesso di migliorare il monitoraggio dell’evoluzione della sequenza, abbassando la soglia di detezione degli eventi sismici in area epicentrale e consentendo quindi una migliore localizzazione da parte del servizio di sorveglianza sismica nazionale. La gestione dell’emergenza sismica è avvenuta a pochi giorni di distanza dall’ esercitazione nazionale denominata “EXE Sisma dello Stretto 2022” svoltasi dal 4 al 6 Novembre 2022 nel territorio della Regione Calabria e della Regione Sicilia. L’esercitazione è stata coordinata dal Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. Le attività svolte durante EXE 2022 sono state per l’istituto, e in particolare per SISMIKO, propedeutiche per il buon esito di tutte le azioni messe in campo dall’INGV sin dai primi minuti dall’accadimento del mainshock del 9 Novembre.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Keywords: SISMIKO ; Rete sismica mobile ; Seismic networks temporary ; Seismic emergency ; Emergenza sismica ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: The earthquake of 7 June 1925, which occurred in south-western Colombia, is one of the most important intraplate seismic events in the region. This earthquake caused damage at several localities along the Cauca valley. The distribution of the intensity data points reveals a trend line in the SW-NE direction, corresponding to the Andean mountain range, which coincides with the strike of the main geological faults existing in the SW of the country. In this work, earthquake parameters are computed from macroseismic data. The moment magnitude obtained is 6.6 ± 0.2. The epicentre is located at the coordinates 3.29° N and 76.91° W, at approximately 50 km SW from the town of Cali.
    Description: Published
    Description: 377-402
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake parameters ; intensity data points ; Cali ; Colombia ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: We present a web portal for the prompt visualization of the maps of ground shaking generated using the USGS ShakeMap 4 software (Worden et al., 2020). The web interface renders the standard products provided by ShakeMap dynamically (using Leaflet) and statically (standard shakemaps). The information included in the dynamic maps can be onfigured through different overlays. The dual view rendering modality allows presenting side-by-side maps of different intensity measurements. In addition, for each earthquake, it is possible to download all the data that contributed to the calculation, together with information on the seismological models adopted. The appearance of the web portal is easily configurable by replacing the logo and banners. The software can be installed both on laptops and on server computers. The user can opt between the docker image or installation of the software after installation of a web server (e.g., NGINX or Apache).
    Description: Published
    Description: 3481–3488
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: shaking ; intensity ; macroseismic ; impact ; terremoto ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: One of the strategies to detect the precursors of an eruption is to define the background dynamical state of a volcano for a prompt recognition of deviations from the basic condition. Mt. Vesuvius (Italy), currently in a quiescent state, is one of the most monitored volcanoes in the world, inciting multidisciplinary advanced studies. Hence an understanding of the links among the different monitored parameters is mandatory. In recent decades the joint analyses of ground tilt and seismicity have added to the understanding of the volcanos' activity. In this paper, we outline the first steps towards a comprehension of the link between Mt. Vesuvius earthquakes and co-seismic ground tilt, after excluding the contribution of other external forces acting on the ground, such as tides, landslides or exceptional meteorological phenomena. We used the seismicity with a duration magnitude ≥ 2.0 recorded at Mt. Vesuvius in the period 2018–2020 to estimate the source parameters and to calculate the associated static displacement. Then, we compared the ground inclination retrieved from the estimated seismic deformation with the long-term ground motion trend measured by tiltmeters. We found that in most cases the two vectors have a comparable size and direction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12261
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tilt ; earthquakes ; static displacement ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: An accurate survey of old and new datasets allowed us to probe the nature and role of fluids in the seismogenic processes of the Apennines mountain range in Italy. New datasets include the 1985–2021 instrumented seismicity catalog, the computed seismogenic thickness, and geodetic velocities and strains, whereas data from the literature comprise focal mechanism solutions, CO2 release, Moho depth, tomographic seismic velocities, heat flow and Bouguer gravity anomalies. Most of the inspected datasets highlight differences between the western and eastern domains of the Apennines, while the transition zone is marked by high geodetic strain, prevailing uplift at the surface and high seismic release, and spatially corresponds with the overlapping Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Mohos. Published tomographic models suggest the presence of a large hot asthenospheric mantle wedge which intrudes beneath the western side of the Apennines and disappears at the southern tip of the southern Apennines. This wedge modulates the thermal structure and rheology of the overlying crust as well as the melting of carbonate-rich sediments of the subducting Adriatic lithosphere. As a result, CO2-rich fluids of mantle-origin have been recognized in association with the occurrence of destructive seismic sequences in the Apennines. The stretched western domain of the Apennines is characterized by a broad pattern of emissions from CO2-rich fluids that vanishes beneath the axial belt of the chain, where fluids are instead trapped within crustal overpressurized reservoirs, favoring their involvement in the evolution of destructive seismic sequences in that region. In the Apennines, areas with high mantle He are associated with different degrees of metasomatism of the mantle wedge from north to south. Beneath the chain, the thickness and permeability of the crust control the formation of overpressurized fluid zones at depth and the seismicity is favored by extensional faults that act as high permeability pathways. This multidisciplinary study aims to contribute to our understanding of the fluid-related mechanisms of earthquake preparation, nucleation and evolution encouraging a multiparametric monitoring system of different geophysical and geochemical observables that could lead the creation of a data-constrained and reliable conceptual model of the role of fluids in the preparatory phase of earthquakes in the Apennines.
    Description: The INGV Earthquake Department Strategic Project FURTHER “The role of FlUids in the pReparaTory pHase of EaRthquakes in Southern Apennines”
    Description: Published
    Description: 104236
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 Earth degassing ; Earthquakes ; Mantle wedge ; Subduction ; Apennines ; 04.06. Seismology ; Geochemistry ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-11-24
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Description: Robustness of source parameter estimates is a fundamental issue in understanding the relationships between small and large events; however, it is difficult to assess how much of the variability of the source parameters can be attributed to the physical source characteristics or to the uncertainties of the methods and data used to estimate the values. In this study, we apply the coda method by Mayeda et al. using the coda calibration tool (CCT), a freely available Java-based code (https://github.com/LLNL/coda-calibration-tool) to obtain a regional calibration for Central Italy for estimating stable source parameters. We demonstrate the power of the coda technique in this region and show that it provides the same robustness in source parameter estimation as a data-driven methodology [generalized inversion technique (GIT)], but with much fewer calibration events and stations. The Central Italy region is ideal for both GIT and coda approaches as it is characterized by high-quality data, including recent well-recorded seismic sequences such as L'Aquila (2009) and Amatrice–Norcia–Visso (2016–2017). This allows us to apply data-driven methods such as GIT and coda-based methods that require few, but high-quality data. The data set for GIT analysis includes ∼5000 earthquakes and more than 600 stations, while for coda analysis we used a small subset of 39 events spanning 3.5 〈 Mw 〈 6.33 and 14 well-distributed broad-band stations. For the common calibration events, as well as an additional 247 events (∼1.7 〈 Mw 〈 ∼5.0) not used in either calibration, we find excellent agreement between GIT-derived and CCT-derived source spectra. This confirms the ability of the coda approach to obtain stable source parameters even with few calibration events and stations. Even reducing the coda calibration data set by 75 per cent, we found no appreciable degradation in performance. This validation of the coda calibration approach over a broad range of event size demonstrates that this procedure, once extended to other regions, represents a powerful tool for future routine applications to homogeneously evaluate robust source parameters on a national scale. Furthermore, the coda calibration procedure can homogenize the Mw estimates for small and large events without the necessity of introducing any conversion scale between narrow-band measures such as local magnitude (ML) and Mw, which has been shown to introduce significant bias.〈/jats:p〉
    Description: Published
    Description: 1573–1590
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: source parameters, coda waves, radiated energy, moment magnitude, corner frequency ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: Seismic monitoring and historical research on earthquakes are among the activities that contribute to improving knowledge of seismicity and seismic risk in the territory. The Marche Region's contribution to seismic monitoring and seismological studies is the result of synergies between national and local research bodies and regional institutions, which began in 197,3 when the CNR in Milan installed the seismological network in the Ancona area (Ferraris et al. 1975), from which the Marche Seismic Network was born in 1979 at the Geophysical Observatory in Macerata. We retrace the steps in the development of instrumental seismic monitoring in the Marche region, historical seismology research (in which the Marche region was the testing ground for research methodologies now in current use in Italy and abroad), and information, training and dissemination initiatives on the earthquake aimed at citizens.
    Description: Published
    Description: 99-116
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Keywords: Sismicità storica della Regione Marche ; Monitoraggio sismico ; Storia delle reti sismiche ; Sismologia storica ; Microzonazione sismica ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: In Italy, historical research on earthquakes has a long and glorious tradition, which in recent decades has gone through very different phases. In the first half of the 1980s and up to the mid- 90s, two very demanding research ventures were developed: the research program financed by ENEL for the qualification of sites susceptible to nuclear plants in three areas of the country (Piedmont, Lombardy, Puglia), later merged into the “Catalog of Strong Italian Earthquakes” (CFTI) of the ING/INGV, and the “Hazard project” of the GNDT/CNR, aimed at preparing all the basic data necessary for a model of hazard updated. As part of these two ventures, for about a decade over a hundred researchers, mostly “professional” historians, have worked to update their knowledge of Italian historical earthquakes. Researches developed by the “Hazard Project” - complementary to those of the CFTI - aimed only at rapidly re-evaluating the knowledge on about 600 intermediate energy earthquakes. Some of these studies, after a couple of decades, are now largely obsolete. For this reason, a work plan was launched aimed at deepening the knowledge on several dozens of these studies, marked in the current Parametric Catalog of Italian Earthquakes (CPTI15) by the initials AMGNDT95, providing them with an updated and, hopefully, better database. This work presents the results of research carried out on 6 earthquakes included in the 1949– 1971 time span. Such researches have allowed a significant improvement of the epicentral parameters of these earthquakes and, at the same time, an enhancement of seismic histories of numerous localities.
    Description: Lavoro realizzato nell’ambito della Convenzione fra INGV e Dipartimento nazionale della Protezione Civile, Allegato B2.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-274
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sismicità minore ; Catalogo sismico ; Revisione di terremoti ; Minor seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; Earthquakes reappraisal ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-11-21
    Description: The ML 5.8 earthquake that hit the island of Crete on 27 September 2021 is analysed with InSAR (Interferometry from Synthetic Aperture Radar) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data. The purpose of this work is to create a model with sufficient detail for the geophysical processes that take place in several kilometres below the earth’s surface and improve our ability to observe active tectonic processes using geodetic and seismic data. InSAR coseismic displacements maps show negative values along the LOS of ~18 cm for the ascending orbit and ~20 cm for the descending one. Similarly, the GNSS data of three permanent stations were used in PPK (Post Processing Kinematic) mode to (i) estimate the coseismic shifts, highlighting the same range of values as the InSAR, (ii) model the deformation of the ground associated with the main shock, and (iii) validate InSAR results by combining GNSS and InSAR data. This allowed us to constrain the geometric characteristics of the seismogenic fault and the slip distribution on it. Our model, which stands on a joint inversion of the InSAR and GNSS data, highlights a major rupture surface striking 214◦, dipping 50◦ NW and extending at depth from 2.5 km down to 12 km. The kinematics is almost dip-slip normal (rake −106◦), while a maximum slip of ~1.0 m occurred at a depth of ca. 6 km. The crucial though indirect role of inherited tectonic structures affecting the seismogenic crustal volume is also discussed suggesting their influence on the surrounding stress field and their capacity to dynamically merge distinct fault segments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5783
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: SAR ; GNSS ; interferometry ; source modelling ; 27 September 2021 earthquake ; Crete system faults ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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