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  • 2020-2024  (36,685)
  • 1940-1944  (2)
  • 2023  (36,685)
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  • 1
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    Comment: UN-Hochseeabkommen: Heimathafen für die globale Meerespolitik (2023)
    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Die Vereinten Nationen haben einen Vertrag zum Schutz der Hohen See verabschiedet. Um sein Potenzial für die globale Meerespolitik zu nutzen, sollten die EU und Deutschland ihr strategisches Engagement in diesem Forum jetzt planen, meinen Miranda Böttcher und Gerrit Hansen.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 2
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    Into the Blue: The Role of the Ocean in Climate Policy - Europe needs to clarify the balance between protection and use (2023)
    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Since net zero targets have become a keystone of climate policy, more thought is being given to actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while continuing to drastically reduce emissions. The ocean plays a major role in regulating the global climate by absorbing a large proportion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. As the challenges of land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are increasingly recognised, the ocean may become the new “blue” frontier for carbon removal and storage strategies in the EU and beyond. However, the ocean is not an “open frontier”; rather, it is a domain of overlapping and sometimes conflicting rights and obligations. There is a tension between the sovereign right of states to use ocean resources within their exclusive economic zones and the international obligation to protect the ocean as a global commons. The EU and its Member States need to clarify the balance between the protection and use paradigms in ocean governance when considering treating the ocean as an enhanced carbon sink or storage site. Facilitating linkages between the ongoing review of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the establishment of the Carbon Removal Certification Framework could help pave the way for debate about trade-offs and synergies in marine ecosystem protection and use.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    “Carbon Management”: Opportunities and risks for ambitious climate policy (2023)
    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Climate policy in the European Union (EU) and Germany changed significantly with the adoption of net-zero emissions targets. A key new development is the growing importance of carbon management. The umbrella term includes not only the capture and storage of CO2 (carbon capture and storage, CCS), but also CO2 capture and utilisation (carbon capture and utilisation, CCU) as well as the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal, CDR). It is important to provide clarity when differentiating between these approaches and identifying their relation to so- called residual emissions and hard-to-abate emissions. This is particularly important because it will determine the overall ambition of climate policy as well as shape future policy designs and their distributional impacts. Current policy and legislative processes should ensure that carbon management does not delay the phase-out of fossil fuels. New policy initiatives present an opportunity to actively shape the interface between ambitious climate and industrial policy.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
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    Neun Thesen zur Ethik von Climate Engineering (2023)
    Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen in Kooperation mit GEO Magazin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Sollen wir Climate Engineering (CE) betreiben? Was spricht dafür und was dagegen? Antworten auf diese Fragen müssen empirisch informiert sein. Um mehr zu tun als das Machbare zu benennen, müssen sie sich aber auch mit Fragen der Moral auseinandersetzen, solchen nach Pflichten, Normen und Werten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir 9 Thesen zur Ethik von CE auf. Wir diskutieren, welche ethischen Aspekte besonders wichtig, welche Chancen und Risiken von CE moralisch besonders bedeutsam sind, und was die Debatte um CE über uns aussagt. Summary Nine theses on the morality of climate engineering: Should we engineer the climate? What speaks in favour of doing it and what against? Answers to these questions must be based in empirical science. But they must also engage with moral questions – those about duties, norms and values – if they want to do more than simply name what is feasible. In this contribution we defend 9 theses on the ethics of climate engineering (CE). We discuss which ethical aspects are of particular importance, what opportunities and risk matter most from a moral point of view, and how the debate on CE reflects upon us. Resumen Nueve tesis sobre la moralidad de la ingeniería climática: ¿Deberíamos aplicar la ingeniería climática (EC)? ¿Qué está a favor y qué en contra? Las respuestas a estas preguntas deben basarse en datos empíricos. Pero para hacer algo más que afirmar lo que es factible, también deben abordar cuestiones de moralidad, de obligaciones, normas y valores. En este documento presentamos 9 tesis sobre la ética de la EC. Debatimos qué aspectos éticos son especialmente importantes, qué oportunidades y riesgos de la EC son moralmente significativos y qué dice de nosotros el debate sobre la EC.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 5
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    mCDR Foresight Scenarios: Policy Frameworks for Marine Carbon-Dioxide Removal in 2040 (2023)
    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    The formative phase of German carbon dioxide removal policy: Positioning between precaution, pragmatism and innovation (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Since net-zero greenhouse gas emissions targets have become a keystone of European and German climate policy, a debate about the need to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in addition to drastically reducing emissions has emerged. Although still relatively scarce, empirical studies on the emergence of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the political agenda have shown that variations in the constellations and positions of policy-relevant actors play a key role in shaping patterns of CDR policymaking. The German and wider European Union (EU) CDR policy space is emergent, and political actors are just beginning to position themselves. Building on our previous work which established a typology of CDR policy integration patterns and developed a discourse analytical framework for mapping CDR-policy-relevant speaker positions, we present the first fine-grained empirical reconstruction of CDR-policy-relevant actors and their positions in the German context. Our analytical approach aims to improve understanding of patterns in CDR policymaking by showing that on the EU, national, and subnational levels, a multitude of institutional actors may adopt differing positions as the CDR policy space evolves. In addition to identifying fine-grained ‘ideal types’ of positions that policy actors may adopt in the formative phase of German CDR policy, our analysis provides an empirical ‘map’ of CDR policy-relevant actors and explores hypotheses about emerging discourse coalitions and potential conflict cleavages.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Social considerations and best practices to apply to engaging publics on ocean alkalinity enhancement (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) seeks to increase the alkalinity of seawater for carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Following numerous propositions to trial, test, or upscale OAE for CDR, multiple social considerations have begun to be identified. To ensure that OAE research is responsible (is attentive to societal priorities) and successful (does not prematurely engender widespread social rejection), it will be critical to understand how OAE might be perceived as risky or controversial and under what conditions it might be regarded by relevant social groups as most worthy of exploration. To facilitate the answering of these questions, this chapter does the following: (1) characterizes what is known to date about public perceptions of OAE, (2) provides methodological suggestions on how to conduct social science research and public engagement to accompany OAE field research, and (3) addresses how knowledge gained from social research and public engagement on OAE can be integrated into ongoing scientific, siting, and communications work.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    A Code of Conduct for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Research (2023)
    Aspen Institute, Energy & Environment Program
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Given the clear need to inform societal decision-making on the role marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) can play in solving the climate crisis, it is imperative that researchers begin to answer questions about its effectiveness and impacts. Yet overly hasty deployment of new ocean-based climate interventions risks harm to communities and ecosystems and could jeopardize public perception of the field as a whole. In addition, the harms, risks and benefits of mCDR efforts are unlikely to be evenly distributed. Unabated, climate change could have a devastating impact on global ecosystems and human populations, and the impacts of mCDR should be contemplated in this context. This Code of Conduct exclusively applies to mCDR research and does not attempt to put any affiliated risk in the context of the risk of delaying climate action. Its purpose is to ensure that the impacts of mCDR research activities themselves are adequately understood and accounted for as they progress. It provides a roadmap of processes, procedures, and activities that project leads should follow to ensure that decisions regarding whether, when, where, and how to conduct mCDR research are informed by relevant ethical, scientific, economic, environmental, and regulatory considerations.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal - 1st Edition - The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: A global, independent scientific assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Using continuous electrical conductivity measurements to derive major solute concentrations in karst systems (2023)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Hydrochemical data of karst springs provide valuable insights into the internal hydrodynamical functioning of karst systems and support model structure identification. However, the collection of high‐frequency time series of major solute species is limited by analysis costs. In this study, we develop a method to retrieve the individual solute concentration time series and their uncertainty at high temporal resolution for karst springs by using continuous observations of electrical conductivity (EC) and low‐frequency ionic measurements. Due to the large ion content and non‐negligible concentrations of aqueous complexes in karst systems, the concentration of each solute species occurring as free ion and as part of aqueous complexes are computed separately. The concentration of species occurring as free ions are computed considering their contributions to the total EC, whereas the concentration of the species as part of complexes are obtained from speciation calculations. The pivotal role of the complexation processes for the reconstruction of solute concentration time series starting from the EC signal is investigated in two karstic catchments with different geologies and temporal resolution of the available hydrochemical datasets, that is the Kerschbaum dolostone system in Austria and the Baget limestone system in France. The results show that complexation processes are significant and should be considered for the estimation of the total solute concentration in case of SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, Ca, Mg and HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. The EC signal of a karst spring can be used to interpolate and quantify the dynamics of those solutes characterized by large contribution (approximately >6%) to the total EC and low relative variability, that is HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, Ca and Mg. Moreover, the presented method can be used to estimate concentrations of solutes when applied to karst systems with stationary and hydrogeochemical homogeneous contributing area. On the contrary, the method is affected by large uncertainty in case of dynamic systems characterized by varying contributions of water from different geological areas. This study aims to contribute to the problem of hydrogeochemical data availability and to support future works on karst systems conceptualization.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001703
    Description: European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
    Description: http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/fb92daaffced415fb7a991747e73adfa
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; electrical conductivity decomposition ; high‐resolution hydrochemical data ; hydrochemical modelling ; karst
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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