ALBERT

Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in \xe2\x80\x9cNederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief\xe2\x80\x9d. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known.\nThe data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.

Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3\xc2\xb045\xe2\x80\x99 and 5\xc2\xb035\xe2\x80\x99 N. lat. and 126\xc2\xb032\xe2\x80\x99 and 127\xc2\xb010\xe2\x80\x99 E. long.\nThe main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.

Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw\xe2\x80\x99s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique syst\xc3\xa9matique de l\xe2\x80\x99Universit\xc3\xa9 de Gen\xc3\xa8ve. GB. = Botanical Garden, G\xc3\xb6teborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Mus\xc3\xa9um National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phan\xc3\xa9rogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha.\nBesides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.

Description: Though an excellent, critical monograph of the genus Cassipourea was published some years ago by ALSTON (in Kew Bulletin, 1925, p. 241\xe2\x80\x94276), I should like to make a few remarks on the South-American species of this genus as my revision for PULLE\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname III.2 has brought to light a few new facts. It will also give me an opportunity to refer to a publication of BRIQUET on some American representatives of this genus (in Candollea IV, 1931, p. 342\xe2\x80\x94350), which disagrees with regard to a number of species with ALSTON\xe2\x80\x99s interpretations.\nThe species which covers the largest area is the chiefly West-Indian C. elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Formerly also a number of West- Brazilian and Peruvian specimens were referred to it, but ALSTON pointed out that these plants belonged to another species for which he introduced the name C. peruviana. A new West-Indian species, based on Broadway nr. 3841 and 4631, both from Tobago, was described by BRIQUET under the name C. Broadwayi. This species is, in my opinion, conspecific with C. elliptica. BRIQUET amply discussed the differences with C. latifolia Alston from Trinidad, but does not mention its relationship to C. elliptica. , though, in view of the latter\xe2\x80\x99s area of distribution, this would have been more to the point. That ALSTON had already referred Broadway nr. 3841 to C. elliptica was apparently overlooked by BRIQUET. In opposition to BRIQUET I agree with ALSTON that no value should be set on the varieties of C. elliptica described by GRISEBACH (Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl., I860, p. 274).

Description: Lorsque, il y a une ann\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 peu pr\xc3\xa8s, ma collaboratrice Mlle Jos\xc3\xa9phine Koster vint me trouver en sugg\xc3\xa9rant l\xe2\x80\x99id\xc3\xa9e d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9diter un volume d\xc3\xa9di\xc3\xa9 au jubil\xc3\xa9 de votre quatre-vingt-dixi\xc3\xa8me anniversaire, j\xe2\x80\x99acceptai sans h\xc3\xa9sitation. Cette id\xc3\xa9e m\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait en effet d\xe2\x80\x99autant plus sympathique que j\xe2\x80\x99avais cherch\xc3\xa9 depuis longtemps une occasion pour vous exprimer en public notre admiration tant pour votre personne que pour votre oeuvre.\nSi nous ne nous \xc3\xa9tions pas trouv\xc3\xa9s dans un temps o\xc3\xb9 les contacts internationaux sont interrompus, si pr\xc3\xa9cieux et si indispensables pour nous autres, travailleurs scientifiques, il aurait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 certainement possible d\xe2\x80\x99organiser une collaboration de plusieurs pays d\xe2\x80\x99outre mer. Car nous savons que vos nombreux amis auraient \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 heureux de pouvoir contribuer \xc3\xa0 cet humble t\xc3\xa9moignage de notre amiti\xc3\xa9 et de notre v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ration. Ils sont nombreux en effet, vos amis, et parmi eux se trouvent les coryf\xc3\xa9es de votre science, l\xe2\x80\x99algologie. H\xc3\xa9las cette grande guerre, qui s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend sur tout notre monde et qui a temporairement rompu tant de liens, nous a forc\xc3\xa9 de limiter nos invitations \xc3\xa0 quelques repr\xc3\xa9sentants de votre science, vivant dans notre petit continent. Ils se sont d\xc3\xa9clar\xc3\xa9s heureux de pouvoir offrir des articles en votre honneur, articles que vous trouverez publi\xc3\xa9s dans ce petit volume, suppl\xc3\xa9ment de notre journal \xe2\x80\x9cBlumea\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: In the winter and early spring of 1916 Mrs. Anna Weber-van Bosse at her hospitable residence near Eerbeek initiated me in the study of Freshwater Algae.\nFor several years after that date in numerous trips all over this country I collected and studied some thousands of samples from all kinds of freshwater ponds and lakes, canals and streams. The Desmids soon drew my special attention, when an unexpectedly rich and varied Desmid flora was found in certain fens and ponds in the diluvial and moor districts of our country.

Description: L\'\xc3\xa9diteur de ce journal vient de recevoir de Mme Ruge, n\xc3\xa9e Baenziger, une des plus anciennes amies de Mme Weber, la lettre suivante, qu\xe2\x80\x99il est heureux de pouvoir faire imprimer ci-dessous: Ma ch\xc3\xa8re Anna, Quatre-vingt-dix ans! Voil\xc3\xa0 pour la premi\xc3\xa8re fois dans notre amiti\xc3\xa9 de longues ann\xc3\xa9es que je constate une indiscr\xc3\xa9tion de votre part; vous \xc3\xa0 qui l\xe2\x80\x99on pouvait \xc3\xa0 bon droit reprocher un exc\xc3\xa8s de discr\xc3\xa9tion tant sur le domaine de la pens\xc3\xa9e que sur celui de l\xe2\x80\x99action. Et cependant, ces quatrevingt-dix ans vous ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 impos\xc3\xa9s par les puissances au dessus de nous. Certes, les ann\xc3\xa9es \xc3\xa9coul\xc3\xa9es depuis la mort de votre mari vous ont plac\xc3\xa9 devant line bien lourde t\xc3\xa2che, mais d\xe2\x80\x99autant plus lumineuse me semble votre vie avant ce douloureux \xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9nement. Que de multiples richesses, que de souvenirs pr\xc3\xa9cieux \xc3\xa0 des \xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9nements, auxquels j\xe2\x80\x99ai pu prendre part. Au moment que je fis votre connaissance je me rappelle votre enthousiasme de pouvoir suivre des cours \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99universit\xc3\xa9; vous et deux autres dames \xc3\xa9tudiantes parmi les premi\xc3\xa8res admises \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99universit\xc3\xa9. En pens\xc3\xa9es, je vous revois rentrant avec le professeur Weber d\xe2\x80\x99un voyage aux Indes, votre sympathie pour les aborig\xc3\xa8nes de l\xe2\x80\x99Insulinde, vos histoires savoureuses d\xe2\x80\x99une r\xc3\xa9ception par un prince indig\xc3\xa8ne et de ses filles, votre haut estime pour un pr\xc3\xaatre, le R\xc3\xa9v. P\xc3\xa8re le Cocq d\xe2\x80\x99Armandville et pour son travail dans l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaele de Flores. Tout cela valait certes les r\xc3\xa9cits habituels de voyage imprim\xc3\xa9s, souvent si longs et fastidieux. Comme je me rappelle la soir\xc3\xa9e, quand vous me racontiez de votre s\xc3\xa9jour dans l\xe2\x80\x99extr\xc3\xaame Nord \xc3\xa0 Troms\xc3\xb4, de votre course dans un petit bateau \xc3\xa0 partir de Vard\xc3\xb4, pilot\xc3\xa9 par un couple lappon \xc3\xa0 travers les rapides d\xe2\x80\x99une rivi\xc3\xa8re qui, aboutissant dans un fjord, devait vous conduire au d\xc3\xa9barcad\xc3\xa8re du vapeur, qui \xc3\xa9tait sur le point de lever l\xe2\x80\x99ancre pour le dernier d\xc3\xa9part de la saison vers le Sud. Encore maintenant je ressens votre tension: arrivons nous \xc3\xa0 temps, oui o\xc3\xb9 non! Les provisions de voyage \xc3\xa9taient \xc3\xa9puis\xc3\xa9es, la vraie faim se faisait sentir, heureusement qu\xe2\x80\x99au petit restaurant du port on faisait bouillir le saumon, la seule nourriture de l\xe2\x80\x99endroit, mais voil\xc3\xa0 la sir\xc3\xa8ne du vapeur, qui appelle d\xe2\x80\x99urgence les voyageurs et emp\xc3\xaache de go\xc3\xbbter au saumon. Plus calmement et plus selon mon go\xc3\xbbt s\xe2\x80\x99effectua l\xe2\x80\x99excursion \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaele de Vlieland, que les deux couples d\xe2\x80\x99amis entreprirent pendant un cong\xc3\xa9 de la Pentec\xc3\xb4te. Un char \xc3\xa0 bancs nous d\xc3\xa9posa \xc3\xa0 De Cocksdorp, le bateau-poste nous conduisit de Texel \xc3\xa0 Vlieland; en somme un voyage sans \xc3\xa9motions et qui pourtant amena le conducteur de la chariole \xc3\xa0 nous demander s\xe2\x80\x99il s\xe2\x80\x99agissait pour nous autres vraiment d\xe2\x80\x99une partie de plaisir.

Description: In einem j\xc3\xbcngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): \xe2\x80\x9dPylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman\xe2\x80\x98, dass Linn\xc3\xa9 die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westk\xc3\xbcste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb f\xc3\xbcr P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. F\xc3\xbcr P. litoralis sensu Kylin schl\xc3\xa4gt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.\xe2\x80\x9c Bei meinen Untersuchungen \xc3\xbcber Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. F\xc3\xbcr die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gr\xc3\xbcnden. In der Literatur hatte man n\xc3\xa4mlich die im allgemeinen auf den gr\xc3\xb6beren Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend m\xc3\xb6glich zu ver\xc3\xa4ndern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte \xc3\xbcbertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des n\xc3\xa4heren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.

Description: Les Chlorophyc\xc3\xa9es du golfe de Gascogne sont encore peu connues. Elles n\xe2\x80\x99ont fait l\xe2\x80\x99objet que d\xe2\x80\x99une courte \xc3\xa9num\xc3\xa9ration de C. Sauvageau dans son travail \xe2\x80\x9dsur les Algues marines du golfe de Gascogne\xe2\x80\x9c. J\xe2\x80\x99ai repris cette \xc3\xa9tude au cours d\xe2\x80\x99un s\xc3\xa9jour \xc3\xa0 Saint-Jean-de-Luz et \xc3\xa0 Biarritz, pendant le printemps de 1940. J\xe2\x80\x99ai r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 les esp\xc3\xa8ces suivantes: 1. Prasiola stipitata Suhr \xe2\x80\x94 Se rencontre dans le port de Saint-Jean-de-Luz au niveau de l\xe2\x80\x99 E. marginata. Il est de petite taille, ne d\xc3\xa9passant gu\xc3\xa8re 1 cm de hauteur. Il se pr\xc3\xa9sente parfois sous la forme ordinaire, \xc3\xa9largie en lame au-dessus d\xe2\x80\x99un stipe uniforme; mais, plus souvent, il forme une simple languette, \xc3\xa9troite et contourn\xc3\xa9e, \xc3\xa0 aspect d\xe2\x80\x99 Ent\xc3\xa9romorphe et rappelle alors le Prasiola calophylla.

Description: The genus Galaxaura can in several respects be classed among the most remarkable Florideae. It is not only \xe2\x80\x94 with Chantransia \xe2\x80\x94 the genus richest in forms of all the genera belonging to the order of Nemalionales, which has more than 70 described species, it also offers, both in its interior and its exterior organization, such a high differentiation, and a tissue specialization going so far, that, as the monographer of the genus, the late Professor F.R. Kjellman (1900), said: \xe2\x80\x9dit may be difficult even in the great province of the Florideae to find forms with a higher or even as high a division of labour in the tissues of the shoot...\xe2\x80\x9c.\nEven if the number of species may actually diminish with further investigations, this is in a way connected with a peculiarity of organization, characteristic of the genus Galaxaura, namely that the sexual plant of a species has quite another anatomical structure of the cortical tissue than does the tetrasporic plant. This remarkable discovery was made by Howe (1917, 1918), who had had the opportunity of studying some species of Galaxaura in the West Indies, in their natural localities. This fact was not known of any Floridea at the time Kjellman wrote his monograph on this genus in 1900. Moreover, Kjellman had a quite different conception of the position of the tetraspores during the course of development of the Florideae than the one we have nowadays formed from the results of the cytological research. To Kjellman the tetraspores or, as he called them, the \xe2\x80\x9dtetragonidia\xe2\x80\x9c, were a kind of propagation organ with the character of \xe2\x80\x9dNebenfruktifikation\xe2\x80\x9c, and thus not, as we must now regard them, the reproduction bodies of the diploid generation ending the diplophase in the alternation of generations. Thus, when Kjellman in his herbarial studies found forms of Galaxaura with otherwise similar organization but with quite a different cortical anatomy, it was quite natural that he described them as new species. One of the tasks of future taxonomical research will therefore be to combine such \xe2\x80\x9dspecies\xe2\x80\x9c of Kjellman as, in reality, are only the sexual and the tetrasporic generation of one and the same species. Naturally, this problem can only be solved by a botanist who has the opportunity of studying the development of the Galaxaurae in their native localities. Finally, only cultures will be really decisive. However, the number of species of Galaxaura will certainly be reduced.