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  • 1
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    Drone-based photos, 3D models, DSM and orthomosaics and ground-based catalogues of lava fountain times, shape, and amplitude during the Geldingadalir 2021 eruption, Iceland (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Geldingadalir 2021 eruption in Iceland started on 19 March and ended on 18 September. It featured nearly 9000 lava fountain episodes of minute to day duration that were all accompanied by seismic tremor. We measured the duration, repose time, tremor amplitude and shape using seismometers from the University of Potsdam. We publish the corresponding catalogs that contain information about these episodes. Periodically, aerial surveys were conducted by the University of Iceland using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS). These surveys lead to digital surface models (DSM), orthomosaics, and 3D models. These products were used to supplement the seismic observations.
    Keywords: eruption ; seismic tremor ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 2
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    Demmin, Germany (2015) - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on soil applications (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset accompanying the MOOC on soil applications contains an airborne hyperspectral HySpex image over the study site Demmin in Northern Germany which was recorded in October 2015. The surrounding area of Demmin is characterized by its glacial past and is largely used for agriculture. Here you can find relics of the ice age such as kettle holes - small, completely closed hollow shapes whose formation is attributed to the burial and subsequent thawing of an ice lens. Mostly overgrown nowadays by vegetation, SOC accumulates in these areas and higher contents are measured. The image dataset is fully pre-processed – all non-soil pixels are masked, the spectra were smoothed using a Savitzky-Golay Filter and transformed to first derivatives – and provided in BSQ format. In addition to the HySpex image, this dataset contains a point data shapefile with 27 sampling locations, as well as information on the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents [g/kg]. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2023. Guidance on how to derive quantitative soil maps (SOC content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel, the soil MOOC course pages and the regression workflow documentation.
    Description: Other
    Description: HYPERedu is an education initiative within the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP), a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical variables, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; hyperspectral imagery ; imaging spectroscopy ; HySpex airborne imagery ; Demmin ; Germany ; soil ; SOC ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 3
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    Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park, Spain (2005) - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on soil applications (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains a subset of an airborne hyperspectral HyMap image over the Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park in Spain from 15.06.2005, and soil wet chemistry data based on in-situ soil sampling. The Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park is a semi-arid mediterranean area in Southern Spain, sparsely populated and with a range of landscape patterns. The soils in this area are developed on volcanic and carbonatic bedrocks and are highly variable in their textural and mineralogical composition, offering interesting spectral variability. The airborne survey was acquired during a DLR / HyVista HyEurope campaign. The image dataset is fully processed for atmospheric and geometric correction with PARGE and ATCOR and is provided as orthorectified reflectance in BSQ format. Spatial resolution is 5 m and spectral coverage is 0.45-2.45 μm with 12-17 nm spectral sampling. In addition to the HyMap imagery, this dataset contains two soil reference datasets as CSV files, namely in-situ data for clay content and iron content. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2024. Guidance on how to derive semiquantitative and quantitative soil maps (clay and iron content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) EnSoMAP tool are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@HYPERedu_GFZ/playlists) and the soil MOOC course pages (https://eo-college.org/courses/beyond-the-visible-imaging-spectroscopy-for-soil-applications/).
    Description: Other
    Description: HYPERedu is an education initiative within the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP), a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical variables, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; hyperspectral imagery ; imaging spectroscopy ; HyMap airborne imagery ; Cabo de Gata-Nίjar ; Spain ; Mediterranean ; soil ; clay ; DEM ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 4
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    Pollen analyses of sediment core GeoB9508-5 (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Prange, Matthias; Schefuß, Enno; Dupont, Lydie M; Lippold, Jörg; Mulitza, Stefan; Zonneveld, Karin A F (2012): Sahel megadrought during Heinrich Stadial 1: evidence for a three-phase evolution of the low- and mid-level West African wind system. Quaternary Science Reviews, 58, 66-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.015
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Millennial-scale dry events in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions during the last Glacial period are commonly attributed to southward shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) associated with an intensification of the northeasterly (NE) trade wind system during intervals of reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Through the use of high-resolution last deglaciation pollen records from the continental slope off Senegal, our data show that one of the longest and most extreme droughts in the western Sahel history, which occurred during the North Atlantic Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), displayed a succession of three major phases. These phases progressed from an interval of maximum pollen representation of Saharan elements between ~19 and 17.4 kyr BP indicating the onset of aridity and intensified NE trade winds, followed by a millennial interlude of reduced input of Saharan pollen and increased input of Sahelian pollen, to a final phase between ~16.2 and 15 kyr BP that was characterized by a second maximum of Saharan pollen abundances. This change in the pollen assemblage indicates a mid-HS1 interlude of NE trade wind relaxation, occurring between two distinct trade wind maxima, along with an intensified mid-tropospheric African Easterly Jet (AEJ) indicating a substantial change in West African atmospheric processes. The pollen data thus suggest that although the NE trades have weakened, the Sahel drought remained severe during this time interval. Therefore, a simple strengthening of trade winds and a southward shift of the West African monsoon trough alone cannot fully explain millennial-scale Sahel droughts during periods of AMOC weakening. Instead, we suggest that an intensification of the AEJ is needed to explain the persistence of the drought during HS1. Simulations with the Community Climate System Model indicate that an intensified AEJ during periods of reduced AMOC affected the North African climate by enhancing moisture divergence over the West African realm, thereby extending the Sahel drought for about 4000 years.
    Keywords: 293; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9508-5; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Dinoflagellate cysts and pollen distribution of marine surface sediments off West Africa (2009)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Marret, Fabienne; Dupont, Lydie M; Zonneveld, Karin A F (2009): Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in marine surface sediments off West Africa (6-17°N) in relation to sea-surface conditions, freshwater input and seasonal coastal upwelling. Marine Micropaleontology, 71(3-4), 113-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.02.001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: An organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analysis was carried out on 53 surface sediment samples from West Africa (17-6°N) to obtain insight in the relationship between their spatial distribution and hydrological conditions in the upper water column as well as marine productivity in the study area. Multivariate analysis of the dinoflagellate cyst relative abundances and environmental parameters of the water column shows that sea-surface temperature, salinity, marine productivity and bottom water oxygen are the factors that relate significantly to the distribution patterns of individual species in the region. The composition of cyst assemblages and dinoflagellate cyst concentrations allows the identification of four hydrographic regimes; 1) the northern regime between 17 and 14°N characterized by high productivity associated with seasonal coastal upwelling, 2) the southern regime between 12 and 6°N associated with high-nutrient waters influenced by river discharge 3) the intermediate regime between 14 and 12°N influenced mainly by seasonal coastal upwelling additionally associated with fluvial input of terrestrial nutrients and 4) the offshore regime characterized by low chlorophyll-a concentrations in upper waters and high bottom water oxygen concentrations. Our data show that cysts of Polykrikos kofoidii, Selenopemphix quanta, Dubridinium spp., Echinidinium species, cysts of Protoperidinium monospinum and Spiniferites pachydermus are the best proxies to reconstruct the boundary between the NE trade winds and the monsoon winds in the subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean. The association of Bitectatodinium spongium, Lejeunecysta oliva, Quinquecuspis concreta, Selenopemphix nephroides, Trinovantedinium applanatum can be used to reconstruct past river outflow variations within this region.
    Keywords: 286; 287; 288; 289; 290; 291; 293; 295; 297; 298; 300; 301; 302; 303; 304; 305; 306; 307; 310; 311; 312; 313; 314; 316; 317; 318; 319; 320; 321; 322; 323; 324; 326; 327; 329; 330; 331; 371; 376; 388; Atlantic Ocean; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Eckernfoerder Bay; GeoB9501-4; GeoB9502-5; GeoB9503-3; GeoB9503-5; GeoB9504-4; GeoB9505-3; GeoB9506-3; GeoB9508-4; GeoB9510-3; GeoB9512-4; GeoB9513-5; GeoB9515-2; GeoB9516-4; GeoB9517-5; GeoB9518-4; GeoB9519-6; GeoB9520-4; GeoB9521-3; GeoB9522-2; GeoB9525-5; GeoB9526-4; GeoB9527-6; GeoB9528-1; GeoB9529-1; GeoB9531-2; GeoB9532-1; GeoB9533-3; GeoB9534-4; GeoB9535-5; GeoB9536-4; GeoB9537-4; GeoB9538-5; GeoB9539-1; GeoB9541-1; GeoB9542-1; GeoB9544-1; GeoB9545-1; GeoB9546-1; GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I; Giant box corer; GIK16402-1; GIK16404-1; GIK16405-1; GIK16407-1; GIK16414-1; GIK16421-1; GIK16425-1; GIK16437-3; GIK16558-1; GIK16755-1; GIK16764-1; GIK16765-1; GIK16766-1; GIK16767-1; GIK16768-1; GIK16769-1; GKG; Gravity corer (Kiel type); LI198x; Littorina; M6/5; M65; M65/1; MARUM; Mauritania Canyon; Meteor (1964); Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; off Guinea; SL; van Veen Grab; VGRAB
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 6
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    Pollen and organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of sediment core GeoB9503-5 (2009)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Dupont, Lydie M; Schefuß, Enno; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Mulitza, Stefan; Zonneveld, Karin A F (2009): Palynological evidence for climatic and oceanic variability off NW Africa during the late Holocene. Quaternary Research, 72(2), 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.05.003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Pollen and organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from core GeoB 9503-5 retrieved from the mud-belt ( 50 m water depth) off the Senegal River mouth have been analyzed to reconstruct short-term palaeoceanographic and palaeoenvironmental changes in subtropical NW Africa during the time interval from ca. 4200 to 1200 cal yr BP. Our study emphasizes significant coeval changes in continental and oceanic environments in and off Senegal and shows that initial dry conditions were followed by a strong and rapid increase in humidity between ca. 2900 and 2500 cal yr BP. After ca. 2500 cal yr BP, the environment slowly became drier again as indicated by slight increases in Sahelian savannah and desert elements in the pollen record. Around ca. 2200 cal yr BP, this relatively dry period ended with periodic pulses of high terrigenous contributions and strong fluctuations in fern spore and river plume dinoflagellate cyst percentages as well as in the fluxes of pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, fresh-water algae and plant cuticles, suggesting "episodic flash flood" events of the Senegal River. The driest phase developed after about 2100 cal yr BP.
    Keywords: 288; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9503-5; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 7
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    Microcharcoal concentration and elongation, and age model of sediment core MD96-2098 (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Daniau, Anne-Laure; Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Martinez, Philippe; Urrego, Dunia H; Bout-Roumazeilles, Viviane; Desprat, Stéphanie; Marlon, Jennifer R (2013): Orbital-scale climate forcing of grassland burning in southern Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(13), 5069-5073, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214292110
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Although grassland and savanna occupy only a quarter of the world's vegetation, burning in these ecosystems accounts for roughly half the global carbon emissions from fire. However, the processes that govern changes in grassland burning are poorly understood, particularly on time scales beyond satellite records. We analyzed microcharcoal, sediments, and geochemistry in a high-resolution marine sediment core off Namibia to identify the processes that have controlled biomass burning in southern African grassland ecosystems under large, multimillennial-scale climate changes. Six fire cycles occurred during the past 170,000 y in southern Africa that correspond both in timing and magnitude to the precessional forcing of north-south shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Contrary to the conventional expectation that fire increases with higher temperatures and increased drought, we found that wetter and cooler climates cause increased burning in the study region, owing to a shift in rainfall amount and seasonality (and thus vegetation flammability). We also show that charcoal morphology (i.e., the particle's length-to-width ratio) can be used to reconstruct changes in fire activity as well as biome shifts over time. Our results provide essential context for understanding current and future grassland-fire dynamics and their associated carbon emissions.
    Keywords: CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; IMAGES; IMAGES II; International Marine Global Change Study; Lüderitz Transect; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD105; MD962098; MD96-2098
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 8
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    Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analysis of sediment core GeoB8331-4 and from surface sediment samples off western South Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zhao, Xueqin; Dupont, Lydie M; Schefuß, Enno; Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Wefer, Gerold (2017): Palynological evidence for Holocene climatic and oceanographic changes off western South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 165, 88-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.022
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Atmospheric and oceanographic interactions between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans influence upwelling in the southern Benguela upwelling system. In order to obtain a better knowledge of paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Benguela region during the Holocene, 12 marine surface sediment samples and one gravity core GeoB8331-4 from the Namaqualand mudbelt off the west coast of South Africa have been studied for organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in high temporal resolution. The results are compared with pollen and geochemical records from the same samples. Our study emphasizes significantly distinct histories in upwelling intensity as well as the influence of fluvial input during the Holocene. Three main phases were identified for the Holocene. High percentages of cysts produced by autotrophic taxa like Operculodinium centrocarpum and Spiniferites spp. indicate warmer and stratified conditions during the early Holocene (9900-8400 cal. yr BP), suggesting reduced upwelling likely due to a northward shift of the southern westerlies. In contrast, the middle Holocene (8400-3100 cal. yr BP) is characterized by a strong increase in heterotrophic taxa in particular Lejeunecysta paratenella and Echinidinium spp. at the expense of autotrophic taxa. This indicates cool and nutrient-rich waters with active upwelling probably caused by a southward shift of the southern westerlies. During the late Holocene (3100 cal. yr BP to modern), Brigantedinium spp. and other abundant taxa interpreted to indicate fluvial nutrient input such as cyst of Protoperidinium americanum and Lejeunecysta oliva imply strong river discharge with high nutrient supply between 3100 and 640 cal. yr BP.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM; RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
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    Documentation of sediment core GeoB9502-4 (2007)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Keywords: 287; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9502-4; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: unknown
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  • 10
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    Carbon isotopic composition of thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera and Mg/Ca-based sea surface temperature from cores in the western and eastern South Atlantic for the last glacial period (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: To comprehensively document the δ13C content of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), we used high-resolution thermocline-dwelling foraminiferal δ13C data obtained from three distinct marine sediment cores situated in the NW, SW, and SE regions of the South Atlantic. Our dataset enables a comprehensive examination of millennial-scale variations in SACW δ13C content across the entire basin. Notably, the thermocline δ13C records from the SE and NW sectors of the South Atlantic consistently exhibit concurrent negative excursions during most of the Heinrich Stadials (HS), a pattern that contrasts sharply with the absence of such negative excursions in the thermocline δ13C record from the SW sector of the South Atlantic
    Keywords: AWI_INSPIRES; Globorotalia inflata; Globorotalia truncatulinoides; iAtlantic; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; International Science Program for Integrative Research in Earth Systems; Mg/Ca-based sea surface temperature; SACW; South Atlantic; Thermodynamic isotopic air-sea equilibration
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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